考研英语二完形填空 试卷14
2021年考研《英语二》完形填空答案及解析(海文版)
2021年考研《英语二》完形填空答案及解析(海文版)>>>2021年考研《英语二》完形填空真题（文字版）Section I Use of English1、[答案][B] resolve[解析]此处考察词义辨析。
首段首句以问句形式提出文章中心：人们浏览网络负面评论信息以及做一些明显令人痛苦的事情的原因。
第二句给出原因：因为人们内心里有一种____(生活中的)不确定因素或不安的需求，空格处所需的动词需要和后面的宾语uncertainty构成语义搭配。
B选项resolve (解决、消除)符合语义要求;A选项protect(保护)，C选项discuss(讨论)，D选项ignore(忽略)带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。
故正确答案为B选项resolve。
2、[答案][D] seek[解析]此处考察词义辨析。
空格所在句指出：这项新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们会_____(答案)来满足他们的好奇心即使他们清楚答案会_____。
空格处所填入的词需要和后面隐含的宾语答案来构成顺畅的语义搭配，只有D选项seek(试图、设法、寻找)符合要求;A选项refuse(拒绝)，B选wait(等待)，C选项regret(遗憾)带入后，语义不通顺。
故正确答案为[D]seek。
3、[答案][A] hurt[解析]此处考察词义辨析。
空格所在句指出：这项新研究表明，这种求知需求如此强烈以至于人们寻找答案来满足他们的好奇心即使答案明显本句中的even when(即使)构成了前后的对立关系，因此空格处所填入的词需和前面的感情色彩词“strong”及语义构成对立，只有A选项hurt(令人痛苦)符合要求;另外此处的it is clear that the answer will hurt 也和第一句中的that will obviously be painful 构成了近义复现。
故A选项为正确答案。
4、[答案][D] expose[解析]此处考察固定短语。
2017年考研英语二完形填空真题及答案【最新完整版】
2017年考研英语二完形填空真题及答案【最新完整版】Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists onceagain_____(1)that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by_____(2)A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive_____(3)holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort,one_____(4)by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives_____(5),people will simply become lazy and depressed._____(6),today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for_____(7)Americans.Also,some research suggests that the_____(8)for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,andaddicting_____(9)poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage ofwell-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many_____(10)the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn't_____(11)follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based onthe_____(12)of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the_____(13)of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could_____(14)strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the_____(15)of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because leisure time is relatively_____(16)for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional_____(17)of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel_____(18),"Danaher says,adding,"In a world in which I don't have to work,I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself_____(19)a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for_____(20)matters.1.【题干】_____【选项】A.boastingB.denyingC.warningD.ensuring【答案】C2.【题干】_____【选项】A.inequalityB.instabilityC.unreliabilityD.uncertainty3.【题干】_____【选项】A.policyB.guidelineC.resolutionD.prediction 【答案】D4.【题干】_____【选项】A.characterizedB.dividedC.balancedD.measured【答案】A5.【题干】_____【选项】A.wisdomB.meaningD.freedom【答案】B6.【题干】_____【选项】A.InsteadB.IndeedC.ThusD.Nevertheless 【答案】B7.【题干】_____【选项】A.richB.urbanC.workingcated【答案】C8.【题干】_____【选项】A.explanationB.requirementpensationD.substitute 【答案】A9.【题干】_____【选项】A.underB.beyondC.alongsideD.among【答案】D10.【题干】_____【选项】A.leave behindB.make upC.worry aboutD.set aside【答案】C11.【题干】_____【选项】A.statisticallyB.occasionallyC.necessarilyD.economically 【答案】C12.【题干】_____【选项】A.chancesB.downsidesC.benefitsD.principles 【答案】B13.【题干】_____【选项】A.absenceB.heightC.face【答案】A14.【题干】_____【选项】A.disturbB.restoreC.excludeD.yield【答案】D15.【题干】_____【选项】A.modelB.practiceC.virtueD.hardship【答案】C16.【题干】_____【选项】A.trickyC.mysteriousD.scarce【答案】D17.【题干】_____【选项】A.demandsB.standardsC.qualitiesD.threats【答案】A18.【题干】_____【选项】A.ignoredB.tiredC.confusedD.starved【答案】B19.【题干】_____A.offB.againstC.behindD.into【答案】D20.【题干】_____【选项】A.technologicalB.professionalcationalD.interpersonal【答案】B2017年考研英语二阅读理解真题及答案【最新完整版】Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Every Saturday morning,at9am,more than50,000runners set off to run5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired400events in the UK and more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13minutes48seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic"legacy"is failing.Ten years ago on Monday,it was announced that the Games of the30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly 2million in the run-up to2012-but the general population was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London2012failed to"inspire a generation."The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-outfirst-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally"grassroots",concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods-making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezingmoney from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.21.【题干】According to Paragraph1,Parkrun has_____.【选项】A.gained great popularityB.created many jobsC.strengthened community tiesD.become an official festival【答案】A22.【题干】The author believes that London's Olympic"legacy"has failed to_____.【选项】A.boost population growthB.promote sport participationC.improve the city's imageD.increase sport hours in schools【答案】B23.【题干】Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.【选项】A.aims at discovering talentsB.focuses on mass competitionC.does not emphasize elitismD.does not attract first-timers【答案】C24.【题干】With regard to mass sport,the author holds that governments should_____.【选项】anize"grassroots"sports eventsB.supervise local sports associationsC.increase funds for sports clubsD.invest in public sports facilities【答案】D25.【题干】The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____.【选项】A.tolerantB.criticalC.uncertainD.sympathetic【答案】BText2With so much focus on children's use of screens,it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use."Tech is designed to really suck on you in,"says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine."Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started20percent fewer verbal and39percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents'faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device-it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the"still face experiment"devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention."Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,"says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids'use of screens are born out of an"oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting"with their children:"It's basedon a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you're failing to expose your child to30,000words you are neglecting them."Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it-particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.【题干】According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to______.【选项】A.simplify routine mattersB.absorb user attentionC.better interpersonal relationsD.increase work efficiency【答案】B27.【题干】Radesky's food-testing exercise shows that mothers'use of devices______.【选项】A.takes away babies'appetiteB.distracts children's attentionC.slows down babies'verbal developmentD.reduces mother-child communication【答案】D28.【题干】Radesky's cites the"still face experiment"to show that _______.【选项】A.it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB.verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC.children are insensitive to changes in their parents'moodD.parents need to respond to children's emotional needs【答案】D29.【题干】The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.【选项】A.protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB.teach their kids at least30,000words a yearC.ensure constant interaction with their childrenD.remain concerned about kid's use of screens【答案】C30.【题干】According to Tronick,kid's use of screens may_______.【选项】A.give their parents some free timeB.make their parents more creativeC.help them with their homeworkD.help them become more attentive【答案】AText3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year,doesn't it?And after going to school for12years,it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn't academic.But while this may be true,it's not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated"race to the finish line,"whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits-in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes-all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brandnew environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly 80percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications,but switching to another after taking college classes.It’s not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game.At Boston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.【题干】One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____.【选项】A.they think it academically misleadingB.they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC.it feels strange to do differently from othersD.it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】C32.【题干】Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____.【选项】A.keep students from being unrealisticB.lower risks in choosing careersC.ease freshmen's financial burdensD.relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】D33.【题干】The word"acclimation"(Line8,Para.3)is closest in meaning to_____.【选项】A.adaptationB.applicationC.motivationpetition【答案】A34.【题干】A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.【选项】A.avoid academic failuresB.establish long-term goalsC.switch to another collegeD.decide on the right major【答案】D35.【题干】The most suitable title for this text would be_____.【选项】A.In Favor of the Gap YearB.The ABCs of the Gap YearC.The Gap Year Comes BackD.The Gap Year:A Dilemma【答案】AText4Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5billion annual budget fighting fires-nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts20years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work-such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep-that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?"It's already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,"he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,"Wait a minute,is this OK?""Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?"Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change-how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn't come at the expense of the rest of the equation."The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes, leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited."At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says."We've disconnected ourselves from living with fire,"Balch says."It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today."36.【题干】More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in2015they_____.【选项】A.exhausted unprecedented management effortsB.consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC.severely damaged the ecology of western statesD.caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】B37.【题干】Moritz calls for the use of"a magnifying glass"to_____.【选项】A.raise more funds for fire-prone areasB.avoid the redirection of federal moneyC.find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD.guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】D38.【题干】While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that_____.【选项】A.public debates have not settled yetB.fire-fighting conditions are improvingC.other factors should not be overlookedD.a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】C39.【题干】The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to_____.【选项】A.discover the fundamental makeup of natureB.explore the mechanism of the human systemsC.maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD.understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】D40.【题干】Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.【选项】A.do away withe to terms withC.pay a price forD.keep away from【答案】B2017年考研英语二新题型真题及答案【最新完整版】Part BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.Thereare two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump."We don't make anything anymore,"he told Fox News,while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question,manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country,factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge:instead of having too many workers,they may end up with too few.Despite trade competition and outsourcing,American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place,other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners,it all adds up to stiff competition for workers-and upward pressure on wages."They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell,president of Wolverine Coil Spring,a family-owned firm, "They may be coming[into the workforce],but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,"Mr.Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing,a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in1980,Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly200workers,five are retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of$13an hour that rises to$17after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant,young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.It's his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career,he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering."I love working with tools.I love creating."he says.But to win over these young workers,manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle:parents,who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression,telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials"remember their father and mother both were laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession,"says Birgit Klohs,chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren't misplaced:Employment in manufacturing has fallen from17million in1970to12million in2013.When the recovery began,worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,"says Rob Spohr,a business professor at Montcalm Community College."There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill.It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing:a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work long hours,young people value flexibility."Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives," she says.[A]says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools。
2014考研《英语二》完型填空答案
2014考研《英语二》完型填空答案Section I Use of English1、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。
所以正确答案为B。
2、【答案】A protective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。
根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。
Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。
3、【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。
_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。
需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。
A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however 也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。
因此正确答案为C。
4、【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。
A选项，表示指示器，指标。
B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin 表示来源，D选项example表示例子。
根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。
因此正确答案为A。
5、【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。
A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。
完美版10至14年考研英语二真题及详细解析
完美版10⾄14年考研英语⼆真题及详细解析2014年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语⼆真题考⽣注意事项：1 考⽣必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
2 答题前，考⽣应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的―考⽣姓名‖、―报考单位‖、―考⽣编号‖等信息。
3 答案必须按要求填涂或书写在指定的答题卡上。
(1)英语知识运⽤，阅读理解 A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡 1上。
填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求⽤ 2B铅笔完成。
如需改动，必须⽤橡⽪擦⼲净。
(2)英译汉和写作部分必须⽤蓝⿊⾊字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡 2上做答。
字迹要清楚。
4.考试结束，将试题，答题卡1和答题卡2⼀并装⼊试题袋中交回。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn‘t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight aresometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] concluced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] opportunity [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession. Readers of ―HappyMoney‖ are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors‘ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?[A]A big house[B]A special tour[C]A stylish car[D]A rich meal22. The author‘s attitude toward Americans‘ watching TV is[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that[A]consumers are sometimes irrational[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are after effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money[A]has left much room for readers‘criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement25. This text mainly discusses how to[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you‘re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the ―above average effect‖, or ―illusory superiority‖, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we‘re hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying intoself-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves‘ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is ―an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation‖. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higherself-esteem. ―I don‘t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion‖, says Epley. ―It‘s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves‘. If you are depressed, you won‘t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ?s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don‘t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is aself-enhancer‘s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellectand lifestyle it‘s not that people‘s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,‖but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect[C] our need for leadership is unnatural[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27. Visual recognition is believed to be people‘s______[A] rapid watching[B] conscious choice[C] intuitive response[D] automatic self-defence28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______[A] underestimate their insecurities[B] believe in their attractiveness[C] cover up their depressions[D] oversimplify their illusions29.The word ―Viscerally‖(Line 2,para.5) is closest in meaning to_____.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]particularly[D]aggressively30. It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer‘s paradise because people can _____.[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional life styles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText 3Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tears, be they of sorro w, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomforuble and embarrassed. The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation. The observer of tears is likely to do everythi ng possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. But judging form recen t studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears. Si nce evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance sur vival.Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to clicit ass istance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enoug h, more likely than tears to gain attention, So, it appears, there must be somet hing special about tears themselves.Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct rol e in alleviating stress, University of Minnesotaresearchers who are studying th e chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to =cut onion would co ntain no such substance.Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.At Tulane University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his co lleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to m edication(药物), to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it ma y be uncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollut ants.At Columbia University Dt.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears f or clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. Tears can be obtaine d painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to p erform highly refined analyses.31. It is known from the first paragraph that ________.A) shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to AmericanB) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedyC) crying usually wins sympathy from other peopleD) one who sheds tears in public will be blamed32. What does “both those responses to tears”(Line 6, Para, 1) refer to?A) Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness.B) The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers.C) The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort t o stop the cryin g.D) Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of te ars.33. “Counterproductive” (Lines 6-7, Para,1) very probably means “_______ _”.A) having no effect at allB) leading to tensionC) producing disastrous impactD) harmful to health34. What does the author say about crying?A) It is a pointless physiological response to the environment.B) It must have a role to play in man’s survival.C) It is meant to get attention and assistance.D) It usually produces the desired effect.35. What can be inferred from the new studies of tears?A) Emotional tears have the function of reducing stress.B) Exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.C) Emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases.D) Environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears.Text 4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways,broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure project, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing ￡4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015,is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition‘s spending plans if returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.36. The author believes that the housing sector__[A] has attracted much attention[B] involves certain political factors[C] shoulders too much responsibility[D] has lost its real value in economy37. It can be learned that affordable housing has__[A] increased its home supply[B] offered spending opportunities[C] suffered government biases[D] disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may_______.[A] allow greater government debt for housing[B] stop local authorities from building homes[C] prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D] release a lifted GDP growth forecast39. It can be inferred that a stable rental environment would_______.[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40. The author believes that after 2015,the government may______.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that‘s perpetually half fall. But that‘s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn‘trecommend. ―Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.‖ says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doe sn‘t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn‘t matter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions: Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him to email to1)tell him about your living habits, and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on answer sheet.Do not use your own name.Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart.In your essay, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)参考答案完形填空1. concluded2. protective3. Likewise4. indicator5. concern6. in terms of7. equals8. in turn9. straightforward10. while11. shape12. qualify13. normal14. tendency15. pictured16. associated17. Even18. grounded19. policies20. against阅读理解Text 121. B A special tour22. A critical23. D rarity generally increases pleasure24. B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase25. A balance feeling good and spending moneyText 226. A our self-ratings are unrealistically high27. C intuitive response28. B believe in their attractiveness29. A instinctively30. D withhold their unflattering sidesText 331. A shedding tears gives unpleasant feelings to American32. C The tear shedder's apology and the observer's effort to stop the crying.33. C producing disastrous impact34. B It must have a role to play in man's survival.35. A Emotional tears have the function of reduction of reducing stress. Text 436. B involves certain political factors37. C suffered government biases38. A allow greater government debt for housing39. C contribute to funding new developments40. D stop generous funding to the housing sector总的来说，今年的英语⼆阅读难度与往年相⽐略有上升，⽂章题材⽐较多地涉及到社会⽣活类题材，话题多样，⽐如移民、⽣活中的快速反应、职场性别⽐例等。
2021年考研《英语二》完形填空真题及答案解析
2021年考研《英语二》完形填空真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It's not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder, _____(1), to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviors have multiple components. _____(2)one and the others become distorted.Travel on a London bus and you'll _____(3)see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to _____(4)that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are _____(5). How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.Why? Because the target is _____(6).People complained that buses were late and infrequent. _____(7), the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were _____(8)orpunished according to the time they took. And drivers hit these targets. But they _____(9)hit cyclists. If the target was changed to _____(10),you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more _____(11)drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.There is another _____(12)people became immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you _____(13)that you can leave on a flight but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a _____(14)is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now ballad as a two-hour flight.The _____(15)of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well _____(16)others. Everything Can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a _____(17). Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria _____(18)critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not only to _____(19)just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better_____(20)the objective.1.【题干】1._____.【选项】A.thereforeB.howeverC.againD.moreover【答案】B2.【题干】2._____.【选项】A.EmphasizeB.IdentifyC.AssessD.Explain【答案】A3.【题干】3._____.【选项】A.nearlyB.curiouslyC.eagerlyD.quickly【答案】D4.【题干】4._____. 【选项】A.claimB.proveC.cheekD.recall【答案】C5.【题干】5._____. 【选项】A.threatenedB.ignoredC.mockedD.blamed【答案】B6.【题干】6._____. 【选项】A.punctualityB.hospitalitypetitionD.innovation【答案】A7.【题干】7._____.【选项】A.YetB.SoC.BesidesD.Still【答案】B8.【题干】8._____. 【选项】A.hiredB.trainedC.rewardedD.grouped【答案】C9.【题干】9._____. 【选项】A.onlyB.ratherC.onceD.also【答案】D10.【题干】10._____. 【选项】fortB.revenueC.efficiencyD.security【答案】B11.【题干】11._____. 【选项】A.friendlyB.quietC.cautiousD.diligent【答案】C12.【题干】12._____. 【选项】A.purposeB.problemC.prejudiceD.policy【答案】B13.【题干】13._____. 【选项】A.interestingB.revealedC.admittedD.noticed【答案】D14.【题干】14._____. 【选项】A.breakB.tripC.departureD.transfer【答案】B15.【题干】15._____. 【选项】A.moralB.backgroundC.styleD.form【答案】A16.【题干】16._____. 【选项】A.interpretB.criticizeC.sacrificeD.tolerate【答案】C17.【题干】17._____. 【选项】A.taskB.secretC.productD.cost【答案】D18.【题干】18._____. 【选项】A.leading toB.calling forC.relating toD.accounting for 【答案】C19.【题干】19._____. 【选项】A.specifyB.predictC.restoreD.create【答案】A20.【题干】20._____. 【选项】A.modifyB.reviewC.presentD.achieve【答案】D。
2014年考研英语二真题：完型填空
2014年考研英语⼆真题：完型填空Directions：Read the following text.Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET.（10 points）Thinner isn‘t always better.A number of studies have__1___that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight isactually___2___.For example，heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thinwomen.___3___among the elderly，being somewhat overweight is often an___4___of good health.Of even greater___5___is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined___6___body mass index，or BMI.BMI___7__body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight.Between 25 and 30 is overweight.And over 30 is considered obese.Obesity，___8___，can be divided into moderately obese，severely obese，and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9，they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit，10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11.For example，many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese，though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely，someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a（an）_14_to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes_16_with obesity include laziness，lack of will power，and lower prospects forsuccess.Teachers，employers，and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight，and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1.[A]denied [B]conduced [C]doubled [D]ensured2.[A]protective [B]dangerous [C]sufficient [D]troublesome3.[A]Instead [B]However [C]Likewise [D]Therefore4.[A]indicator [B]objective [C]origin [D]example5.[A]impact [B]relevance [C]assistance [D]concern6.[A]in terms of [B]in case of [C]in favor of [D]in of7.[A]measures [B]determines [C]equals [D]modifies8.[A]in essence [B]in contrast [C]in turn [D]in part9.[A]complicated [B]conservative [C]variable [D]straightforward10.[A]so [B]unlike [C]since [D]unless11.[A]shape [B]spirit [C]balance [D]taste12.[A]start [B]quality [C]retire [D]stay13.[A]strange [B]changeable [C]normal [D]constant14.[A]option [B]reason [C]opportunity [D]tendency15.[A]employed [B]pictured [C]imitated [D]monitored16.[A] [B]combined [C]settled [D]associated17.[A]Even [B]Still [C]Yet [D]Only18.[A]despised [B]corrected [C]ignored [D]grounded19.[A]discussions [B]businesses [C]policies [D]studies20.[A]for [B]against [C]with [D]without。
2020年考研英语二完形填空答案及解析(海文版)
2020年考研英语二完形填空答案及解析(海文版)1、【答案】[C] signal【解析】此题所在的上下文内容的意思是：陌生人之间没有交流，大家都只注重自己的手机，甚至不_______。
A项“票”，B项“允许”，C项“信号，打招呼”，D项“记录”;选项中，只有C项符合上下文语义，所以signal准确。
2、【答案】[D] much【解析】第二个空格所在句子的语义内容是：我们避免和其他人交流是件很悲哀的是，原因在与和陌生人交流，我们会收获_______。
根据句子内容，显然是指和陌生人交流，我们会从中收获很多东西。
A.B.C.三个选项均不符合句意。
所以答案选much.3、【答案】[C] plugged【解析】该题所在语境的意思是：不知道和陌生人交流，我们会从中收获很多东西吗，原因在于____我们的手机。
A.打;B.引导;C.插入，投入;D.带来;四个选项分别带入句中，能够判断出plugged符合句意。
4、【答案】[A] message【解析】该题所在句子的意思是：这种普遍存有的盔甲(不和陌生人交流)传递了“不要靠近我”这个________。
显然这里考察了动宾搭配的考点，而且空格处的内容是说“不要靠近我”。
所以，根据send这个动词和空格处后面的内容能够判断出，答案为message。
其他选项均不符合前后语义。
5、【答案】[C] behind【解析】该所要表达的意思是：…藏在我们屏幕的_______位置。
A.下面;B.之外; C.后面;D. 来自;四个选项分别带入原句，只有behind符合句意。
6、【答案】[D] misinterpreted【解析】空的语境为：我们害怕被拒绝，也害怕我们善意的社交之举被____成“怪异的”，只有答案D符合上下文语义。
7、【答案】[D] delayed【解析】空格所在句与前后句同为we fear…的并列句，故句意应前后保持一致。
前一句说“我们害怕被拒绝，被误解”，后一句说“我们害怕被打扰”，A选项带入语义不通，B，C选项不符合该文语境，D选项带入文中“我们害怕被耽搁时间”，符合上下文语义，故答案为D。
2014考研英语二真题答案及解析
完型答案及解析1.【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。
所以正确答案为B。
2.【答案】A protective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。
根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。
Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。
3.【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。
_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。
需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。
A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise 意为同样地;也，而且。
因此正确答案为C。
4.【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。
A选项，表示指示器，指标。
B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。
根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。
因此正确答案为A。
5.【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。
A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、 assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。
前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。
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考研英语二（完形填空）-试卷14(总分：120.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、 Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________解析：A candlelit dinner works wonders for romance. Now scientists say it could also be good for yourheart. Breathing in candle smoke causes beneficial【C1】______in your heart rhythm, they claim.It is thought that tiny salt particles released when the candle burns are【C2】______the effectThe researchers monitored the hearts of 13 men and women as they breathed in air【C3】______intoa small chamber. In some【C4】______the air included smoke from candles in a second room. The volunteers didn know which type of air they were breathing, but when it included candle smoke,their heart rate variability【C5】______. Everyones heart rate varies【C6】______all the time,beating a little bit faster when we breathe in than when we breathe out This is perfectly healthyand a sign that the brain is【C7】______and able to regulate the heart But this variation【C8】______as we get older and if we【C9】______heart problems. In the study, it was increased by【C10】______candle smoke. Researcher Christina Isaxon said the concentration of smoke【C11】______during the study was similar to that created by a candlelit dinner. As the volunteers couldnot see the candles and weren told what they were breathing, the effect could not be explained【C12】______by the calming effect of candlelight. Dr Isaxon believed that tiny particles of thecandle smoke could be responsible for the beneficial effects. These particles are【C13】______regulating the hearts rhythm and in sending messages between cells in the body. More saltsare produced when a【C14】______is still. The study did not find any【C15】______health effectsof the smoke—【C16】______she admitted she did not make a huge effort to find any. Soot, blackpowder in the smoke, from lit candles has been【C17】______health problems in the past. The American Chemical Society has warned that common wax candles release【C18】______harmful chemicals linkedto cancer and other illnessea It recommends using beeswax. Dr Isaxon used candles made of a naturalfat in her study. She recommended using candles that are as natural as possible and avoiding【C19】______and dyes as they may give off【C20】______chemicals when burned.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.supportsB.changes √C.drivesD.spirits解析：解析：前一句说到烛光晚餐对心脏也有好处，可判断，吸人蜡烛燃烧产生的烟雾能给人们的心率带来有利的影响。
B项changes“变化”代入后，搭配beneficial表明烛光晚餐可“改善”心率，呼应下文出现的“心率变异性会增高”的结论。
(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.behind √B.toD.with解析：解析：上文谈到蜡烛燃烧的烟雾有利于心率，空格句试着解释原因。
空格后the effect是上句谈到的烟雾对心率的影响，A项behind与之搭配指“这一效果背后的原因”。
(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.pouredB.pumped √C.blownD.dumped解析：解析：句中空格处过去分词应表明研究者在监测志愿者的心脏时对受试者所呼吸的气体(air)所采取的措施。
B项pumped“给……打气；用泵输送”代入后，可指研究者为控制实验环境往志愿者所在的小房间(a small chamber)里注入气体。
(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.waysB.areasC.respectsD.cases √解析：解析：下句提到，志愿者们不知道他们呼吸的是哪种空气，可判断研究者向小房间输入了不同类型的气体。
因此，应认为空格后的内容只是其中的一些情况。
D项cases代入后可组成insome cases的固定表达，表示“有时候，在某些情况下”。
(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.deterioratedB.recoveredC.improved √D.injured解析：解析：首段提到吸入蜡烛燃烧产生的烟雾能给心率带来有利的影响。
由此可判断当志愿者呼吸的空气中含有蜡烛烟雾时，他们的心率变异性会有所改善。
C项improved“改善，好转”代入后可指心率变异性增高，语义符合语篇逻辑。
(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.evidentlyB.habituallyC.consciouslyD.naturally √解析：解析：现在分词短语beating a little．．．out的意思是“心跳在吸入空气时比呼出时快”，作伴随状语，说明心率变化的情况。
由下一句This is perfectly healthy可知人们的心跳在吸入空气时比呼出快，这是自然、正常的事情。
故选D项naturally“自然地”。
(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.elasticB.alert √C.awakeD.open解析：解析：根据healthy的语义，可知心率变化是人脑健康的积极反应，从而让大脑进一步地调节心脏(is…able to regulate the heart．)。
B项alert“警惕的，机警的”代入后，句意为“大脑警觉性高，有能力调节心脏”。
(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）B.hidesC.falls √D.ceases解析：解析：根据自然规律，可推测“当人们变老的时候”，心率变化的生理机能会有所减退。
C项falls“下降”代入后．指心率变异性会随着年龄的增加而下降。
(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.develop √B.treatC.observeD.prevent解析：解析：空格处填入的动词，需能衔接we和heart problems，且与we get older并列。
A项develop搭配heart problems 意为“患(上)心脏病”，符合语义。
(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.measuringB.emittingC.inhaling √D.smelling解析：解析：从第二段中提到的研究来看，吸入蜡烛烟雾会增高心率变异性。
C项inhaling意为“吸入，吸气”，可对应上文breathing一词。
(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.condensedB.dispersedC.generated √D.polluted解析：解析：基于was similar to的语义，可认为研究者比较了“研究中的烟雾浓度”(the con-centrationof smoke．．．during the study)和“烛光晚餐所释放的烟雾浓度”(that created by acandlelit dinner)。
C项generated “产生，生成”能对应that后的created一词，代入后指“研究中蜡烛燃烧产生的烟雾的浓度”。
(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.throughB.away √C.offD.along解析：解析：在该项研究中，志愿者看不到蜡烛，也未被告知所呼吸的气体，因此不能把“烛光具有镇静效果”(the calming effect of candlelight)看作是改善心率的原因。