1 Liaison Interpreting
Liaison Interpreting

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译员和发言人之间的空间距离 交际双方之间地位和所掌握信息的差异 译员进行口译的语言方向性 对译员口译准确性的直接要求 译员在工作中所发挥的人际功能
请听示例 难点在哪?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
良好的语言(双语)基础 丰富的百科知识 灵敏的现场反应 过硬的身体素质 严格的职业素养(保密、服务意识等)
1、英国大使馆官员参观广州大学城 2、广交会小型 宴会 参观、访问 商务谈判
练习词汇: 演播室 studio 目睹 witness/discern At an enormous rate 快速地 Coastal city 沿海城市 Spring up 涌现、萌芽 Preservation 保护 Alleyways and back-streets 小街小巷 矛盾 contradiction Stand of living 生活水平 Be blind to 对…熟视无睹 Dramatically 急剧地 协调 coordinate
课本第33页:注意事项 课本第43页:翻译方法
练习词汇 竖直 vertically 水平 horizontally 餐具 tableware, dinnerware 茶壶嘴 teapot spout 礼仪 etiquettes 东道主 host/hostess 对……过敏 allergic to… Toast 祝酒 Gourmet 美食
口译的类型

口译的类型根据时间工作模式交替传译consecutive interpreting也称连续口译/传译、即席口译/传译、逐步口译(台湾用语)。
简称“交传”或“连传”;英文简称CI 。
讲话人说一段,译员翻译一段,然后循环往复、交替进行。
交替传译常用于新闻发布会、外事会见、商务谈判、户外活动等。
3分钟以上即可称为长交传。
同声传译simultaneous interpreting又称同步口译、即时传译(港台用语),简称“同传”;英文简称SI。
讲话人的“说”与译员的“译”几乎同时进行。
同声传译可分为常规会议同传和耳语同传两种:常规会议同传regular conference SI2-3人一组,在同传间/同传箱(booth)使用同传设备。
一般译员每20分钟轮换一次。
包括有稿同传和无稿同传两种形式。
耳语同传whispered interpreting or chuchotage只有1-3人需要口译服务,无需同传设备。
根据空间工作模式现场口译live interpreting 当事双方和译员同时在场。
远程口译remote interpreting 当事双方和译员不在一地:电话口译、远程视频口译等。
根据活动场合和主题会议口译 conference interpreting陪同口译 escort interpreting外交口译 diplomatic interpreting商务口译 business interpreting媒体口译 media interpreting社区口译 community interpreting导游口译 guide interpreting医学口译 medical interpreting (国外有资格认证)法庭/法律口译 court/legal/judicial interpreting (国外有资格认证)法庭译员被称为宣誓译员 sworn interpreter等等根据活动的性质和正式程度会议口译conference interpreting联络口译liaison interpreting根据译语的流向单向口译one-way interpreting 译员只将A语译成B语。
翻译术语(理论笔译)

Absolute translation 绝对翻译古阿德克(Gouadec)Abstract translation 摘要翻译古阿德克(Gouadec)Abusive translation 滥译路易斯(Lewis)Acceptability 可接受性托利(Toury)Accuracy 准确Adaptation 改编Adequacy 充分性Adjustment 调整Analogical form 类同形式霍尔姆斯(Holmes)Analysis 分析奈达(Nida)和泰伯(Taber)Applied translation studies 应用翻译研究霍尔姆斯(Holmes) Architranseme (ATR)元译素范·路文兹瓦特(van Leuven-Zwart) Autonomy Spectrum 自立幅度罗斯(Rose)Autotranslation 自译波波维奇(Popovic)Back translation 回译Class shift 词类转换韩礼德(Halliday)Close translation 贴近翻译纽马克(Newmark)Communicative translation 传意翻译;交际翻译纽马克(Newmark) Community interpreting 社群传译Compensation 补偿赫维(Hervey)Competence 能力托利(Toury)Componential analysis 语义成分分析奈达(Nida) Comprehensive theory 综合理论Conference interpreting 会议传译Consecutive interpreting 接续传译Contextual consistency 语境一致奈达(Nida)和泰伯(Taber) Conventions 常规诺德(Nord)Corpora 语料库Correspondence 对应Court interpreting 法庭传译Covert translation 隐型翻译豪斯(House)]Creative transposition 创造性移位雅可布逊Creative treason 创造性叛逆罗伯特·埃斯卡皮(Robert Escarpi) Deconstruction 解构主义德里达(Derrida)Descriptive translation studies 描写性翻译研究霍尔姆斯(Holmes) Diagrammatic translation 图表翻译古阿德克(Gouadec)Differance 分延德里达(Derrida)Documentary translation 文献型翻译诺德(Nord)Domesticating translation 归化翻译韦努狄(Venuti)Dynamic equivalence 动态对等奈达(Nida)Dynamic fidelity 动态忠信比克曼(Beekman)与卡洛(Callow) Effort models 用功模式贾尔(Gile)Equivalence 对等Excluded receiver 非目标接受者皮姆(Pym)Exegetic translation 诠释性翻译赫维(Hervey)和希金斯(Higgins)Exoticism 异国情调赫维(Hervey)和希金斯(Higgins)Expectancy norms 期待规范切斯特曼(Chesterman)Explicitation 明示维纳(Vinay)和达尔贝勒纳(Darbelnet)Expressive text 表情型文本赖斯(Reiss)Extraneous form 外来形式霍尔姆斯(Holmes)Faithfulness 忠实Foreignizing translation 异化翻译韦努狄(Venuti)Formal corresponding 形式对应卡特福德(Catford)Formal equivalence 形式对等奈达(Nida)Free translation [sense-for-sense translation 意对意翻译] {literal translation 字面翻译;word-for-word translation词对词翻译} 自由译Full translation 全文翻译General theories of translation 普通翻译理论霍尔姆斯(Holmes)Gist translation 要旨翻译赫维(Hervey)和希金斯(Higgins)Gloss translation 释词翻译奈达(Nida)Grammatical transposition 语法置换赫维(Hervey)和希金斯(Higgins)Hermeneutic motion 诠释步骤斯坦纳(Steiner)Hierarchy of Correspondences 对应层级霍尔姆斯(Holmes)Horizontal translation 横向翻译福勒纳(Folena)Hyperinformation 超额信息赖斯(Reiss)和弗米尔(Vermeer)Idiomatic translation 地道翻译比克曼(Beekman)与卡洛(Callow)Imitation 拟译 1.德莱顿(Dryden)2.利弗威尔(Lefevere)Indeterminacy 不确定性Information offer 信息提供弗米尔(Vermeer)Informative texts 信息文本赖斯(Reiss)Initial norms 初始规范托利(Toury)Instrumental translation 工具翻译诺德(Nord)Integral translation 整合翻译范·路文兹瓦特(van Leuven-Zwart)Interlineal translation 隔行翻译{free translation} 赫维(Hervey)和希金斯(Higgins)Interlinear translation 逐行翻译Interlingual translation 语际翻译雅可布逊(Jacobson)Intersemiotic translation 符际翻译雅可布逊(Jacobson)Intralingual translation 语内翻译雅可布逊(Jacobson)Intra-system shift 系统内转换卡特福德(Catford)Inverse translation 逆向翻译Kernel sentence 核心句Keyword translation 关键词翻译古阿德克(Gouadec)Level shift 层次转换卡特福德(Catford)Lexical translation 词汇翻译卡特福德(Catford)Liaison interpreting[Bilateral interpreting 双边传译] 联络传译凯斯(Keith)Linguistic translation 语言翻译Literal translation 字面翻译;直译Mapping 图谱霍尔姆斯(Holmes)Matricial norms 矩阵规范托利(Toury)Meta-language 元语言霍尔姆斯(Holmes)Metatext 元文本Mimetic form 模仿形式霍尔姆斯(Holmes)Mutation 变异范·路文兹瓦特(van Leuven-Zwart)Naturalness 自然性Negative shift 负面转换Norms 规范Obligatory equivalents 必要对等语奈达(Nida)Oblique translation 曲径翻译维纳(Vinay)和达尔贝勒纳(Darbelnet) Operational model 操作模式巴斯盖特(Bathgate)Operational norms 操作规范托利(Toury)Optional equivalents 可换对等语奈达(Nida)Overlapping translation 重合翻译赫维(Hervey)和希金斯(Higgins)Overt translation 显型翻译豪斯(House)Overtranslation 超额翻译维纳(Vinay)和达尔贝勒纳(Darbelnet) Paradigmatic equivalence 范式对等波波维奇(Popovic)Paraphrase 释译德莱顿(Dryden)Partial theories of translation 局部翻译理论霍尔姆斯(Holmes)Participative receiver 参与型接受者皮姆(Pym)Particularizing translation 具体化翻译赫维(Hervey)和希金斯(Higgins) Performance 运用托利(Toury)Phonemic translation 音素翻译利弗威尔(Lefevere)Phonological translation 音位翻译卡特福德(Catford)Pivot language 中枢语言Polysystem theory 多元文化理论埃文·佐哈尔(Even-Zohar)Pragmatic translation[pragmatic approach语用途径] 语用翻译Preliminary norms 预先规范托利(Toury)Prescriptive translation studies 规定翻译研究托利(Toury)Primary translation 首级翻译迪勒(Diller)和康纳留斯(Kornelius)Problem-restricted theories of translation 关于问题的翻译理论霍尔姆斯(Holmes) Process-oriented translation theories 过程取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯(Holmes) Product-oriented translation studies 成品取向翻译研究霍尔姆斯(Holmes) Professional norms 翻译规范切斯特曼(Chesterman)Prospective translation 前瞻式翻译波斯特盖特(Postgate)Prototext 原型文本波波维奇(Popovic)Pseudotranslation 伪翻译Pure language[Logos 逻各斯] 纯语言沃尔特·本雅明(Walter Benjamin) Radical translation 原始翻译奎因(Quine)Rank-bound translation 级阶受限翻译卡特福德(Catford)Realia 独有特征弗拉科夫(Vlakhov)和弗罗林(Florin)Receptor language 接受语奈达(Nida)和泰伯(Taber)Translation with reconstruction 重构式翻译古阿德克(Gouadec) Redundancy 冗余奈达(Nida)Refraction 折射利弗威尔(Lefevere)Regulative translational conventions 规约性翻译常规诺德(Nord) Relay interpreting 转接传译Repertoreme 知识库要素托利(Toury)Resistancy 阻抗韦努狄(Venuti)Restricted translation 受限翻译卡特福德(Catford)Restructuring 重组奈达(Nida)和泰伯(Taber)Retrospective translation 后瞻式翻译波斯特盖特(Postgate)Rewriting 重写利弗威尔(Lefevere)Rhymed translation 韵体翻译利弗威尔(Lefevere)Secondary translation 二级翻译迪勒(Diller)和康纳留斯(Kornelius)Selective translation 选译古阿德克(Gouadec)Semantic disambiguation 语义消歧Semantic translation 语义翻译纽马克(Newmark)Serial translation 序列翻译卡塞格兰德(Casagrande)Service translation [Inverse translation 逆向翻译] 服务型翻译纽马克(Newmark) Sight translation 视译Signed language translation 手语传译Simultaneous interpreting 同声传译Skopos theory 目的论赖斯(Reiss)和弗米尔(Vermeer)Source language 源语Source text 源文本Source text-oriented translation studies 源文本取向翻译研究Specification 具体化Structure shift 结构转换卡特福德(Catford)Stylistic equivalence 文体对等Target language 目标语Term banks 术语库Terminology 术语Text typology 文本类型学Textual equivalence 文本对等卡特福德(Catford)Textual norms 文本规范托利(Toury)Thick translation 增量翻译阿皮尔(Appiah)Think-aloud translation 有声思维记录Third code 第三语码弗劳利(Frawley)Time-restricted theories of translation 关于时域的翻译理论霍尔姆斯(Holmes) Total translation 完全翻译卡特福德(Catford)Transcription 注音Transeme 译素范·路文兹瓦特(van Leuven-Zwart)Transfer 转移Transference 迁移卡特福德(Catford)Translatability 可译性Translationese [Third language 第三语言] 翻译体Translatorial action 译者行动赫尔兹·曼塔里(Holz M?ntt?ri)Transliteration 音译Transposition 置换维纳(Vinay)和达尔贝勒纳(Darbelnet) Unbounded translation 不受限翻译卡特福德(Catford) Undertranslation 欠额翻译纽马克(Newmark)Unit of translation 翻译单位Universals of translation 翻译普遍特征Verbal consistency 词语一致Verifiability 可核实性赖斯(Reiss)和弗米尔(Vermeer) Vertical translation 纵向翻译福勒纳Voids 空缺Whispered interpreting 耳语传译Writer-oriented machine translation 作者取向机器翻译。
口译分类

谢谢
指译员现场陪同谈话双方进行面对面的沟 通交流,为双方轮流提供口译服务,以保 证双方交际的顺利进行。从口译传递的方 向来看,陪同口译是一种“双向口译”;
主要以双向短交传或对话口译为主。 以兼职为主,包括多种场合下的兼职口译
服务,如导游、礼仪接待、工程口译、商 务访问、会展口译等多种口译服务。
社区口译
译员以听者的语言复述演讲者表达的信 息——原信息以译出语重述
同声传译的工作模式
译员几乎在听到讲话人开始讲话的同时开 始口译,并在整个讲话过程中始终保持此 同步状态,直到译员与讲话人几乎同时结 束讲话。
译员必须在安装有同声传译设备的同传室 里进行同声传译工作。
边听、边分析、边说
电声设备的采纳
耳语同传
借助或不借助电声设备 译员在边听演讲者讲话的同时,将讲
话者表达的意思轻声地传译给服务对 象。 服务对象一般在一到二人。
视译
一般指译员对书面稿件进行口译 接收为书面体,输出一般以正式会
议的口头形式 转译技巧类似同声传译
工作场合分类
会议口译(conference interpreting) 外交/外事口译(diplomatic interpreting) 法务口译(judicial interpreting) 法庭口译(court interpreting) 行业/业内口译(in-house interpreting) 联络/陪同口译(liaison-escort interpreting) 社区口译(community interpreting) 媒体口译(media interpreting) 远程口译(remote interpreting)
指在某一社会内部(移民社会或跨语界社 会),当服务委托人使用不同于社会公共 服务等部门或机构的官方语言时所采用的 一种口译服务。
口译简介

1. Definition of Interpreting⏹Interpreting is an oral translation activity. It is the faithful reproduction in one language of what is said in another language.⏹Way of communication⏹Communicating through sounds⏹Rendering from one language into another keeping the meaning intact⏹A task-based activity cutting across receptive and productive skills2. Past and Present of Interpreting1). Development of Modern Interpreting⏹Paris Peace Conference of 1919⏹Nuremberg Trial⏹Nov.11,1953:International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC:国际会议口译员协会)2). Professional Interpreting In China3. 口译的种类与特征⏹交替传译(Consecutive Interpreting)⏹随从传译( Personal Interpreting)⏹联络口译(Liaison Interpreting)⏹同声传译(Simultaneous Interpreting)⏹视译(On-Sight Interpreting)⏹咬耳传译(Whispering Interpreting)3. 口译的种类与特征⏹Features of Interpreting⏹Extemporaneousness(即席性);⏹Stressfulness(紧张性);⏹Independence(独立性);⏹Comprehensiveness(综合性)⏹Miscellaneousness(多面性)⏹口译是技术也是艺术4. Basic Requirements for Interpreters⏹1). A Strong Sense of Duty⏹2). A High Level of Linguistic Proficiency⏹3). Wide Encyclopedic Knowledge⏹4). A Good Mastery of Interpreting Skills4. Basic Requirements for Interpreters⏹1). A Strong Sense of Duty (Professional Codes of Conduct)⏹confidentiality(保密),⏹impartiality(公正),⏹accuracy(准确),⏹objectiveness(客观)⏹competence(胜任).5. 译员的知识结构⏹Lin Y uru et.al⏹I = S + C + P⏹Interpreting = Interpreting Skills + Comprehension + Production5. 译员的知识结构⏹Daniel Gile’s Formula:⏹C = KL + ELK + A⏹Comprehension =Knowledge for language⏹+ Extra-linguistic knowledge + Analysis5. 译员的知识结构Knowledge Requirement Formula:⏹KI = KL + EK + S (P +AP)⏹KI= Knowledge Required for an Interpreter⏹KL=Knowledge for Language⏹EK= Encyclopedic Knowledge⏹S=(P+AP)=Professional Interpreting Skills + Artistic Presentation Skills5. 译员的知识结构⏹S(P+AP)= Professional Interpreting Skills and Artistic Presentation Skills⏹即技能版块=⏹职业口译技能---包括记忆、笔记、信息综述与重组、译前准备等,⏹艺术表达技能---即以科学的手段、艺术性完成口译过程的技能,如口译的应对策略就属于艺术技能的范畴。
第1章交替传译概论

接收者,聆听演说或报告等,与演讲者的互动甚少。在这种情况下,交替传
译需要关注的是交际的实质内容,例如演讲人的讲座细节,或者新闻发布的
具体内容。此外,演讲人根据自然的思路发展,多在表达完整的概念之后停
顿,所以交替传译要求译员跟随演讲者的思路,处理的内容相对较长,很少
出现一句一停的情况。
1
不同于交替传译,联络口译属于对话翻译,交际双方互为信息发送者和 接收者。除商务谈判外,联络口译多出现在迎来送往、宴请、外事接待、参
交替传译的即时性主要指两个方面,一指工作对象转瞬即逝,二指工作 要求及时不拖延。交替传译的工作对象是演讲人在现场的发言。演讲人的发 言是转瞬即逝的,它以声浪形式冲击译员耳膜既而消失,不以文字或其他形 式留存下来等待译员处理。源语即时消失,决定了译员对信息进行分析和处 理的即时性和及时性。与此同时,为保证沟通及时顺畅,在发言停顿时,译 员几乎没有思考时间,需要立即开始翻译。翻译拖延的后果是现场沟通不流 畅,无法达到理想的沟通效果。
↓
(目的语)信息传达:回忆+看笔记+产出
需要强调的是,这里的阶段划分是人为的、显性的,并没有突出信息的
转换,因为在实际工作中,信息转换耗时可能不用千分之一毫秒,有的在信 息理解的同时进行,有的可能要等到信息传达阶段,这一点我们将在后面的
1
单元详细讲解。
交替传译的特点
根据对交替传译实际工作过程及其结果的观察,我们将交替传译的特点 归纳为三点:即时性、交际性和口语化。
交替传译的第三个特点是口语化,主要相对于笔头翻译而言,同时也跟 交替传译工作的交际性有密切关系。正因为交替传译的目的是帮助发言人和 听众之间交流,译员在表达时需要充分体现这一点。首先发言人的表达本身 就属于口语的范畴,具备 口语体的各种特点,如信息结构模糊松散等,充分
翻译硕士名词解释词条

绝对翻译 absolute translation摘要翻译 abstract translation滥译 abusive translation可接受性 acceptibility准确accuracy译者行动translatorial action充分性 adequacy改编 adaptation调整 adjustment美学诗体翻译aesthetic-poetic translation 经纪人agent类同形式analogical form分析 analysis感染型文本 applied focused-texts应用翻译研究applied translation studies 古词废词 archaism元译素 architranseme范围的翻译理论area-restricted theories of translation 听觉媒介型文本 audio-medial texts委托 commission自动翻译 automatic translation自立幅度 autonomy spectrum自译 autotranslation逆转换 back-transformation范围的翻译理论back-translation双边传译 bilateral interpreting双语语料库bilingual corporal双文本bi-text空位 blank spaces无韵体翻译 blank verse translation借用 borrowing仿造 calque机助翻译 MAT范畴转换 category shift词类转换 class shift贴近翻译 close translation连贯 coherence委托 commission传意负荷 communication load传意翻译 communicative translation社群传译 community interpreting对换 commutation可比语料库 comparable corpora补偿compensation能力 competence成分分析componential analysis机器辅助翻译MAT一致性concordance会议传译conference interpreting接续传译consecutive interpreting建构性翻译常规 constitutive translational conventions派生内容的形式content-derivative form重内容文本 content-focused texts语境一致contextual consistency受控语言 controlled language常规 conventions语料库 corpora可修正性 correctability对应 correspondence法庭传译court interpreting隐型翻译covert translation跨时翻译理论 cross-temporal theories of translation 文化途径 cultural approach文化借用 cultural borrowing文化替换 cultural substitution文化翻译 cultural translation文化移植 cultural transplantation文化置换 cultural transposition区分度degree of differentiation翻译定义definitions of translation描写翻译研究 descriptive translation studies图表翻译diagrammatic translation对话传译 dialogue interpreting说教忠信didactic fidelity直接翻译 direct translation翻译方向 direction of translation消解歧义disambiguation话语类型的翻译理论discourse type-restricted theories of translation文献型翻译 documentary translation归化翻译 domesticating translation配音 dubbing动态性 dynamics动态对等 dynamic equivalence动态忠信 dynamic fidelity用功模式 effort models借用 borrowing种族学翻译enthnographic translation翻译的种族语言学模式 enthnolinguistic model of translation 非目标接受者 excluded receiver诠释性翻译 exegetic translation诠释忠信 exegetical fidelity异国情调 exoticism期望规范 expectancy norms明示 explicitation表情型文本 expressive texts外部转移external transfer外来形式 extraneous form忠实faithfulness假朋友false friends假翻译fictitious translation贴近 coherence异化翻译 foreignizing translation派生形式的形式 form-derivative forms重形式文本 content-focused texts形式对应 formal correspondence形式对等 formal equivalence前向转换 forward transformation自由译 free translation全文翻译 total translation功能取向翻译研究 function-oriented translation studies 功能对等 function equivalence空隙 gaps宽泛化 generalization宽泛化翻译generalizing translation要旨翻译gist translation释词翻译 gloss translation成功 success目的语 goal languages语法分析 grammatical analysis语法置换 grammatical transposition字形翻译graphological translation诠释步骤 hermeneutic motion对应层级hierarchy of correspondences历史忠信historical fidelity同音翻译homophonic translation音素翻译phonemic translation横向翻译 horizontal translation超额信息 hyperinformation同一性identity地道翻译idomatic translation地道性idomaticity不确定性indeterminacy间接翻译 indirect translation翻译即产业过程 translation as industrial process 信息负荷 information load信息提供 information offer信息型文本informative texts初始规范initial norms工具型翻译 instrumental translation整合翻译 integral translation跨文化合作intercultural cooperation中间语言 interlanguage隔行翻译interlineal translation逐行翻译interlinear translation语际语言 interlingua语际翻译interlingual translation中介翻译 intermediate translation内部转移 internal transfer解释 interpretation传译 interpreting翻译释意理论 interpretive theory of translation 符际翻译intersemiotic translation互时翻译intertemporal translation 语内翻译intralingual translation 系统内转换 intra-system shift不变量 invariant不变性 invariance逆向翻译inverse translation隐形 invisibility核心 kernel关键词翻译 keyword translation贴近 coherence可核实性 verifiability可修正性 correctability空缺 voids层次转换 level shift词汇翻译 lexical translation联络传译 liaison interpreting普遍语言 lingua universalis语言学途径linguistic approach语言对等 linguistic equivalence语言翻译linguistic translation语言创造性翻译linguistically creative translation 字面翻译 literal translation直译法 literalism借译 load translation原素logeme逻各斯 logos低地国家学派 low countries groups忠诚 loyalty机助翻译MAT机器翻译machine translation操纵manipulation操纵学派manipulation school图谱mapping矩阵规范matricial norms中继翻译 mediated translation中介语言 mediating language词译 metaphrase元诗metapoem元文本 metatext韵律翻译metrical translation模仿形式mimetic form最小最大原则 minimax principle 小众化 minoritizing translation 调整 modification调适 modulation语义消歧 semantic disambiguation 多语语料库multilingual corpora 多媒介型文本multi-medial texts 多阶段翻译 multiple-stage texts 变异 mutation自然性 naturalness必要区分度 necessary degree of differentiation 负面转换negative shift无遗留原则no leftover principle规范 norms必要对等语 obligatory equivalents曲径翻译 oblique translation观察型接受者observational receiver信息提供 information offer操作模式operational models操作规范 operational norms运作型文本 operative texts可换对等语 optional equivalents有机形式organic form重合翻译 overlapping translation显型翻译 overt translation范式对等 paradigmatic equivalence平行语料库 parallel corpora释词 paraphrase局部翻译理论 partial theories of translation 部分重合翻译partially-overlapping translation 参与型接受者particularizing receiver具体化翻译 particularizing translation赞助 patronage运用 performance音素翻译phonemic translation音位翻译phonological translation中枢语言 pivot language译诗为文poetry into prose争辩式翻译polemical translation多元系统理论 polysystem theory译后编辑 post-editing译前编辑pre-editing语用途径 pragmatic approach精确度 degree of precision预先规范preliminary norms规定翻译研究 prescriptive theories of translation首级翻译 primary translation问题的翻译理论 problem-restrained theories of translation 成品取向翻译研究 product-oriented studies of translation 过程取向翻译研究 process-oriented studies of translation 专业规范 professional norms散文翻译 prose translation前瞻式翻译prospective translation抗议 protest原型文本 prototext伪翻译 psedotranslation公共服务传译 public service interpreting纯语言 pure language原始翻译 radical translation级阶受限翻译rank-bound translation级阶的翻译理论 rank-restricted theories of translation读者取向机器翻译 reader-oriented machine translation 独有特征 realia接受语 receptor language重构式翻译translation with reconstructions冗余 redundancy折射refraction规约性翻译常规 regulative translational conventions 转接传译 relay interpreting知识库要素repertoreme变换措词rephrasing阻抗 resistancy受限翻译 restricted translation重组 restructuring转译 retranslation后瞻式翻译retrospective translation换词rewording换声 revoicing重写 rewrtiting韵体翻译rhymed translation翻译科学 science of translation目的论scopos theory二级翻译second-hand translation二手翻译secondary translation选译 selective translation自译 self translation语义消歧 semantic disambiguation语义翻译 semantic translation语义空缺 semantic voids意义理论theory of sense意对意翻译 sense-for-sense translation 序列翻译 serial translation服务翻译 service translation转换shifts视译 sight translation手语传译signed language translation同声传译simultaneous interpreting源语 source language源文本source text源文本取向翻译研究source text-oriented translation studies 具体化specification结构转换 structure shift文体对等 stylistic equivalence子语言sublanguage配字幕 substituting成功 success超额翻译 overtranslation组合对等syntagmatic equivalence系统system有声思维记录think-aloud protocols目标语 target language目标文本 target texts目标文本取向翻译研究 target text-oriented translation studies 术语库 term banks术语 terminology文本类型学text typology文本素texteme文本类型的翻译理论 text type-restricted theories of translation 文本对等 textual equivalence文本规范 textual norms理论翻译研究theoretical translation studies意义理论theory of sense增量翻译 thick translation有声思维记录 think aloud protocols第三语码third code第三语言third language时域的翻译理论 temporal-restricted theories of translation完全翻译 total translation巴别塔 tower of babel注音 transcription译素 transeme转移 transfer转移取向翻译研究 transfer-oriented translation studies 迁移 transference转换 transformation可译性 translatability笔译 translation翻译与博弈理论 translation and the theory of games翻译即抉择translation as decision-making翻译即产业过程 translation as industrial process翻译对等translation equivalence翻译研究translation studies翻译理论translation theory翻译单位 translation unit翻译普遍特征translation universals重构式翻译 translation with reconstructions翻译对等 translation equivalence 翻译体 translationese翻译学translatology译者行动translatorial action音译 transliteration符际转化 transmutation置换 transposition不受限翻译 unbounded translation 欠额翻译 undertranslation翻译单位 translation unit单位转换 unit shift不可译性 untranslatability词语一致verbal consistency可核实性 correctability改本改译 version纵向翻译vertical translation空缺 voids耳语传译whispered interpreting词对词翻译 word- for-word translation作者取向翻译机器 reader-oriented machine translation。
interpreting英汉翻译

Consecutive Interpreting 交替传译:指说话者说完一段话后,
翻译者再翻译。
How to practice interpreting?
1 Memory: STM&LTM 6-12seconds, 30seconds; 1\4 seconds
Passage one
100th Birthday of Little Mermaid Statue Celebrated
亚太经合组织
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟
EEC European Economic Communities 欧洲经济共同体
WMO World Meteorological Organization 世界气象组织
UNCF
United Nations Children's Fund 联合国儿童基金会
Dictation: deቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱails
Principles of note-taking
口译为主,笔记为辅;
记下密度和难度高的信息;
内容与符号多重利用;
笔记纸依可控制的空间而定 Passage two
Obama Defending Drone Strikes
US President Barack Obama says the United States is at a crossroad in terms of confronting threats against its security."From our use of drones to detention of terror suspects, the decisions that we are making now will define the type of nation and world that we leave to our children. So America's at a crossroads. We must define the nature and scope of this struggle or else it will define us."
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Terms
Vt.
act
n.
person
n.
content
Gerund action
Terms
Simultaneous Interpreting(同传): no time lapse - International conference Consecutive Interpreting (交传): only need microphones – speak in turns Liaison Interpreting(LI) (联络口译): switch between two languages – 2 customers
副总统/大学副校长 vice president 副教授 associate professor 副总经理 assistant/deputy general
manager 副市长 deputy mayor
Titles
“助理”级,英语中常用assistant一词 助理工程师 assistant engineer 助理编辑 assistant editor
汉语的“代理”,英语可以用 acting 代理市长 acting mayor 代理主任 acting director
Titles
“常务”:managing 常务理事 managing director 常务副校长managing vice president
“执行”:executive 执行主席 executive chairman
(At the airport)
• Susan: Nice to meet you, Mr. Huang. • 黄:我也很高兴见到您,西蒙女士。欢迎您到我们
武汉来,一路辛苦了。
• Susan: Thanks, I had a good flight…a bit long though. • 黄:行李给我吧,车子在外面等着呢。
• Responding to Introduction • Hello! Nice to meet you! • I’ve heard a lot about you. • How do you do! •
• Introduction • Identity • Characteristic
•
Phrases for Interpreting
Characteristics of Liaison Interpreting
• Work between two languages • Personalized • On informal occasions • Work as an escort(随从) • With frequent natural breaks • Physically present • Use the mode of consecutive interpreting • Translate a few sentences each time • Also act as facilitators of guests relations
• Tip: Don’t call a person’s first name before you are familiar enough with each other
Typical Sentences for Introduction
• Introduction • Let me Introduce … to you. This is … • He/she is a … from/in … • He/she specializes in …
Task 1:机场迎宾
• 任务要求:黄总带着你(即口译员)来到了机场,这是Simon女 士乘坐的航班已经降落,乘客正在陆续走出机场出口。你看见 一位外国女士走来,可能就是你们正在等候的Simon女士。于是 你上前确认。。。
• 译员:Excuse me, are you Ms. Simon, president of the World Import and Export?
to hold a banquet in honor of…. to bid farewell to …. Come all the way to…. After you! I have long been looking forward
to meeting you. a welcoming address to pay tribute to …. Looking back; Looking ahead Take care!
Titles
首席长官称谓常以“总”表示,与之相对应的 英语词有:chief, general, head, managing等
e.g. 总工程师 chief engineer 总代理 general agent 总教练 head coach
Titles
汉语中表示副职的头衔常以“副”字表示,英语 词:vice, associate, assistant, deputy等有相同作用。
Qualities Required of an LI
• Bilingual competence • Extra-linguistic knowledge: know something about everything • Interpreting skills: short-term memory, transference, reformulation, expression • Psycho-physiological qualities • Cross-cultural awareness • Sense of responsibility & professional ethics • Gracefulness & Appropriateness
题、以客人的注意力为话题、吃喝供应、路上财物安全
Tips for Receiving Guests
Order of Names in Persons Introductions
Persons of
lesser authority
Gender
Persons
Introduced
of
greater authority
Tips for Receiving Guests
• Preparation • 1.确认客人人数、身份信息、联络方式、行李数量、有无额
外要求、到达时间、接机地点; • 2.统筹安排车辆、接待者、礼品、名片; • 3.机场礼仪:搜索了解客人国家见面礼仪、鲜花、相互介绍、
转达问候、帮拿行李 • 4.车上话题:不谈政治、首先告知大致行程安排、路经地话
• Susan: Yes, I am Susan Simon.
• 译员:Please allow me to introduce myself. My name is …, the interpreter of the Oriental International. This is Mr. Huang Bin, the assistant to the general manager of the Oriental International.
• Susan: Thank you. It is very kind of you. Please help me with that one. I am a heavy traveler.
(In the car)
• 黄:这是武汉二桥,前不久才刚刚重修过,沿江风景不错吧?
• Susan: yes, it is beautiful. In England there is such sightseeing but with different style and flavor. Mr. Huang, if possible, I invite you to enjoy the sightseeing in England, I am sure you will have special experience.
• Susan: that is great! How long is it?
• Susan: oh, it is amazing! And the Three Gorges are also famous. I wish I had the opportunity to go there.
• 黄:确实。三峡吸引了许多海内外的游客。那里风光秀丽,景色 宜人。三峡大型水利工程也是举世瞩目的。如果您这次访问有多 余的时间,真该去那里看看。
• 黄:是吗?有机会我一定要去一饱眼福。
• Susan: Well, I have heany times, but this is the first time I see it. It is really fantastic.
• 黄:是呀,长江是世界第三大河流,仅次于南美的亚马逊河和非 洲的尼罗河。它是中国的第一长河,是中华文明的发祥地。
Settings & Fields of LI Application
• Business & Diplomatic Occasions • Sight-seeing tour • Cultural contacts • Public Services: • Legal, health, education, government and social services
“名誉”:honorary 名誉主席 honorary chairman
Dialogue Interpretation
Situation:
世界进出口公司的总裁Simon女士 即将访问武汉的东方国际贸易公司。 东方国际的总经理助理黄先生将前往 机场迎接Simon女士并带她到酒店下 榻。请你为他们做口译。