8036年高密四中高三上学期期中考试
2019-2020学年高密市第四中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年高密市第四中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ABritain's brilliant bridges have supported trade, brought communities together andare always the mostexciting part of the journey. These must-see bridges are now tourist attractions in their own right.Clifton Suspension Bridge, BristolDescribed byits legendary engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel as “my first love, my darling", it was originally designed for horse-drawn traffic. Now, more than four million vehicles a year cross the 1,352ft-long toll（通行费）bridge over the Avon Gorge. The £ 1 toll for every journey pays for its maintenance. The history of the bridge, dating back to 1864, is kept alive through a programme of tours, events and exhibitions.Infinity Bridge, Stockton-On-TeesA pedestrian（行人）and cycle footbridge across the River Tees, its working title was the North Shore Footbridge, before it was given its grander name when opened in 2009. It is particularly incredible at night. The arches（拱形）of the bridge are also lit white and, on calm nights, their reflection in the water appears as an infinity（无穷大）symbol, thus inspiring the name which was chosen by the public.Tower Bridge, LondonAn engineering wonder built from thousands of tons of Portland stone and steel, it took construction workers eight years to complete. More than 120 years old, it's a popular tourist attraction, as well as a functional bridge. Visitors can take in the views over the capital, experience seeing London life through the Glass Floor, and visit the Victorian Engine Rooms.Iron Bridge, ShropshireOpened in 1781 , this is the first arch bridge in the world made out of cast iron. Recognised as one of the great symbols of the industrial revolution, it transformed the craft of bridge building and was a crucial factor in the development of the iron trade in Shropshire.1. Which bridge has the longest history?A. Clifton Suspension Bridge.B. Infinity Bridge.C. Tower Bridge.D. Iron Bridge.2. What can we know about Infinity Bridge?A. It was originally meant for pedestrains.B. The public give it two names.C. Ifs well worth visiting at night.D. Its arch is bigger than any other bridge's.3. What makes Clifton Suspension Bridge different from the other bridges introduced?A. It charges drivers for each passing.B. It offers walkers a good view at night.C. It was made from thousands of stones.D. It's a symbol of the industrial revolution.BAmerica---that glorious symbol of multiculturalism, the great melting pot---qualifies as part of the developed world, right? Not quite, if we consider the state of second language learning in schools across the country. According to a 2018 study, Europe often tops the U.S. in foreign language education in school. 92% of European students are learning a foreign language in school. In America it’s only 20%. In more than 20 European countries, studying a foreign language for at least one year is compulsory. In comparison, only 10 states and D.C. require learning a foreign language for graduation.I went to a public school in Pennsylvania that ranked onNewsweek’s list of America’s top high schools in 2015. Foreign language learning was not a graduation requirement. A common response to such stories and statistics is: So what? Why should Americans care about learning another language when English has recently seemed to dominate as the official language of the world?The world is globalizing faster than we can imagine. More than half of the world’s population speaks more than one language. It is also increasingly becoming the need for success in this globalizing world. Having the ability to speak a second language opens up the possibility of travelling and immersing yourself in another part of the world. This means people can feel other cultures, and traditions in places you were previously kept away because you could not communicate in the language.The teaching of foreign languages can be instrumental in bringing about peace and unity in the country we live in. Learning a second language can be an efficient vehicle to help to bridge communities. To speak another language means having access to a universe of different experiences and world views of another community of people.4. Why does the writer mention Europe?A. America makes studying a foreign language compulsory.B. America is the glorious symbol of multiculturalism.C. America isn’t really qualified as the developed world.D. America doesn’t focus on foreign language education5. What is American’s attitude towards education of foreign languages?A. Less concerned.B. More worried.C. Quite doubtful.D. Very supportive.6. What can visiting people do if they can speak the language where they visit?A. Make the world globalizing.B. Achieve success in business.C. Experience people’s real life there.D. Keep away their own culture.7. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Using a second language can bring harmony.B. Communities of people enjoy the great views.C. Speaking another language is reallynecessary.D. Learning a second language can be difficult.CA company called Neuralink has shared a video which appears to show a monkey playing a video game, but what makes the video even stranger is that themonkey is playing the video game with just its mind.Neuralink is a company owned by Elon Musk, which is working to develop devices that could allow people to control things using just their brains. The monkey in the video is called Pager, having special "Link" devices inside his brain. These devices are connected to 2,048 wires which lead to the parts of Pager's brain that control movements of the arms and hands.Scientists taught Pager to play a video game using a banana juice as a reward when he playedthe game correctly. Soon Pager was eager to play well in order to get more smoothie. At first, Pager controlled the video game using a joystick (操纵杆). But as Pager played, his Link devices wirelessly sent out information about the signals his brain was using to control his arms and hands. Neuralink's scientists recorded all of these signals.Then they used computers to match up the signals from Pager's brain to the movements that his hands were actually doing. This was challenging work and the scientists counted on artificial intelligence (AI) to help them decode (解码) Pager's brain signals.The next step was to have a computer make moves in the video game as if Pager had actually moved the joystick. If Pager thought about moving the joystick up, the computer would send an "up"signal to the video game. Thus Pager was able to play the video game using just his brain.When people are paralyzed (瘫痪的), it's often because the brain has lost the ability to send signals to nervesand muscles in certain parts of the body. Neuralink hopes that one day, its system will be ableto send this information in a different way, allowing paralyzed people to use their arms or legs again.8. What does Neuralink aim to do?A. To make monkeys much smarter.B. To solve complex problems with monkeys.C. To create a device linking monkeys and people.D. To make people control things with their brains.9. How does the author introduce the process of the research?A. In order of time.B. By making a comparison.C. By giving examples.D. In order of space.10. What played an important role in the success of the research?A. The joystick.B. Artificial intelligence.C. The video game.D. The banana smoothie.11. Which is the most suitable title of the test?A. Neuralink Posts an Unusual VideoB. Disabled People Have a Bright FutureC. Monkey Plays Video Games with His MindD. Neuralink, a Creative and Competitive CompanyDEvery day, millions of shoppers hit the stores in full force, searching wildly for the perfect gift.Aside from purchasing holiday gifts, most people regularly buy presents for other occasions throughout the year, including weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, and graduations. This frequent experience of gift-giving cancause uncertain feelings in gift-givers. Many enjoy the opportunity to buy presents because gift-giving offers a powerful means to build stronger bonds, while many worry that their purchases will disappoint rather than delight the intended recipients (接受者).Anthropologists describe gift-giving as a positive social process, serving various political, religious, and psychological functions. Economists, however, offer a less favorable view. According to Waldfogel, gift-giving represents an objective wasteof resources. People buy gifts that recipients would not choose to buy on their own, or at least not spend as much money to purchase (a phenomenon referred to as‘‘the deadweight loss of Christmas”).What is surprising is that gift-givers have much experience acting as both gift-givers and gift-recipients, but nevertheless tend to overspend each time they set out to purchase a meaningful gift. In the present research, we propose a unique psychological explanation for this overspending problem — gift-givers link how much they spend with how much recipients will appreciate the gift. Though it seems natural to gift-givers, such an assumption may be unfounded. Indeed, we propose that gift-recipients will be less likely to base their feelings of appreciation on the value of a gift than givers assume.Why do gift-givers assume that gift price is closely linked to gift-recipients’ feelings of appreciation? Perhaps givers believe that more expensive gifts communicate a stronger sense ofthoughtfulness and consideration. According to Camerer and others, gift-giving represents a symbolic ritual (习俗), by which gift-givers attempt to signal their positive attitudes towards the recipient and their willingness to invest resources in a futurerelationship. In this sense, gift-givers may be motivated to spend more money on a gift in order to send a “stronger signal”. As for gift-recipients, they may not interpret smaller and larger gifts as representing smaller and larger signals of thoughtfulness and consideration.The idea of gift-givers and gift-recipients being unable to account for the other party’s viewpoint seems confusing because people slip in and out of these roles every day. Yet, despite the experience as both givers and receivers, people often struggle to apply information gained from one role in another. In theoretical terms, people fail to use information about their own preferences and experiences to produce more efficient outcomes in their exchange relations. In practical terms, people spend hundreds of dollars each year on gifts, but somehow never learn to estimate their gift expense according to personal insight.12. The author uses “the deadweight loss of Christmas” in Paragraph 2 to express ________.A. gift-givers don’t spend much money during holidaysB. gift-givers don’t ask recipients what gifts they preferC. gift-givers buy improper and expensive giftsD. gift-givers have difficulty in choosing gifts13. According to the passage, people buy gifts to ________.A. receive gifts in returnB. enjoy the feeling of shoppingC. help recipients to save moneyD. better relationships with recipients14. What can we learn from the passage?A. People’s high living standards require expensive gifts.B. Gift-givers buy gifts based on their experiences as recipients.C. Anthropologists think gift-giving meets different human needs.D. Recipients judge the depth of friendship according to the gift price.15. Why did the author write this article?A. To criticize people’s gift-buying habits.B. To analyze people’s gift-giving behaviors.C. To offer advice on how to improve relationships.D. To remind people not to overlook others’ preferences.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
山东省高密市2024年物理高三第一学期期中达标检测模拟试题含解析
山东省高密市2024年物理高三第一学期期中达标检测模拟试题 注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
用2B 铅笔将试卷类型（B ）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。
2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试题卷上。
3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1、重力为G 的体操运动员在进行自由体操比赛时，有如图所示的比赛动作，当运动员竖直倒立保持静止状态时，两手臂对称支撑，夹角为θ，则：A ．当060θ=时，运动员单手对地面的正压力大小为2G B ．当0120θ时，运动员单手对地面的正压力大小为GC ．当θ不同时，运动员受到的合力不同D ．当θ不同时，运动员与地面之间的相互作用力不相等2、2018年5月21日5点28分，在我国西昌卫星发射中心。
长征四号丙运载火箭将嫦娥四号中继星“鹊桥”卫星，送入近地点约200公里、远地点约40万公里的地月转移轨道。
已知地球同步卫星的轨道半径为4.2万公里，忽略稀薄空气阻力的影响，则“鹊桥”卫星在地月转移轨道上运行时，下列判断正确的是（ ）A ．运动周期大于10天B ．运动周期小于10天C ．近地点的速度比远地点的小D ．近地点的机械能比远地点的大3、用豆粒模拟气体分子，可以模拟气体压强产生的原理．如图所示，从距秤盘80 cm 高处把1 000粒的豆粒连续均匀地倒在秤盘上，持续作用时间为1 s ，豆粒弹起时竖直方向的速度大小变为碰前的一半，方向相反．若每个豆粒只与秤盘碰撞一次，且碰撞时间极短(在豆粒与秤盘碰撞极短时间内，碰撞力远大于豆粒受到的重力)，已知1 000粒的豆粒的总质量为100 g ．则在碰撞过程中秤盘受到的压力大小约为( )A ．0.2 NB ．0.6 NC ．1.0 ND ．1.6 N4、如图所示，弹簧的一端固定在竖直墙上，质量为M 的光滑弧形槽静止在光滑水平面上，底部与水平面平滑连接，一个质量为m （m ＜M ）的小球从槽高h 处开始自由下滑，下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．在以后的运动过程中，小球和槽的水平方向动量始终守恒B ．在下滑过程中小球和槽之间的相互作用力始终不做功C ．全过程小球和槽、弹簧所组成的系统机械能守恒，且水平方向动量守恒D ．被弹簧反弹后，小球和槽的机械能守恒，但小球不能回到槽高h 处5、如图所示,A 、B 两小球分别连在弹簧两端,B 端用细线固定在倾角为30 的光滑斜面上,A 、B 两小球的质量分别为A m 、B m ，重力加速度为g ,若不计弹簧质量,在线被剪断瞬间,A 、B 两球的加速度分别为( )A ．都等于2g B ．2g 和0 C ．AB 22m m g +⋅和0 D ．0和A B B2m m g m + 6、质量为M 的木块位于粗糙水平桌面上，若用大小为F 的水平恒力拉木块，其加速度为a ，当拉力方向不变，大小变为2F 时，木块的加速度为a '，则（ ）A．a'＝a B．a'＝2a C．a'>2a D．a'<2a二、多项选择题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。
山东省高密市高三上学期语文期中考试试卷
山东省高密市高三上学期语文期中考试试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共4题；共8分)1. （2分）下列各句中，划线的词语使用不恰当的一句是（）A . 备受关注的2012年国家公务员招录考试已经开始报名。
据悉，昨天网上报名不很拥堵，抢着在第一天“出手”的考生并不是太多。
B . 《帝国的惆怅》中，作者打通文史关节，勾兑世事人情，静观辅以动察，仰视继之俯瞰，使自己的见解，踩在宽广而坚实的地基上。
C . 政府应改变中小企业融资难的局面，让它们有能力实现自身升级转型，避免出现中小企业“倒闭潮”，而伤及经济稳固增长的肌体。
D . 峨眉山气吐如兰、秀甲天下，作为武林翘楚之一，峨眉风骨不逊于少林、武当，不少影视作品演绎出了峨眉不可言说的神秘色彩。
2. （2分）下列诗句的节奏划分错误的一项是（）A . 独立/寒秋，湘江/北去，橘子/洲头B . 那/河畔的/金柳，是/夕阳中的/新娘C . 怅/寥廓，问苍茫/大地，谁主/沉浮D . 在雨中/哀怨，哀怨/又彷徨3. （2分） (2016高三上·怀来期中) 填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，最恰当的一句是（）有一次，有人曾向希尔伯特请教：明天最重要的技术是什么？这位20世纪科学工作者界的领袖幽默地说：“到月球上去抓苍蝇。
” 。
希尔伯特在回答为什么时说：“因为要实现这一目标，必须解决许多连带性的技术难题，而这意味着要解决人类面临的几乎一切的物质困难。
”今天，人类已经成功地登上了月球。
去月球发电、种庄稼，已经像“抓苍蝇”一样实实在在地摆在我们面前。
A . 这有点儿像天方夜谭。
因为要做到这一点实在需要克服太多太多的困难B . 这不是一句玩笑话。
因为要做到这样一件小事，将要碰到一连串的难题C . 这简直不可思议。
因为要做到这一点实在需要克服太多太多的困难D . 因为要做到这样一件小事，将要碰到一连串的难题。
这是无法想像的4. （2分） (2019高三上·阳高期中) 下列最能概括所给文段内涵的一项是（）采撷绿叶以为茶，除扫落花以为枕。
2020年高密市第四中学高三生物上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析
2020年高密市第四中学高三生物上学期期中考试试卷及答案解析一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1. 关于“S”型曲线的叙述，错误的是()A.t0～t1之间，种群数量小于K/2，由于资源和空间相对充裕，种群数量增长较快，增长率不断增加B.t1～t2之间，由于资源和空间有限，当种群密度增大时，种内斗争加剧，天敌数量增加，种群增长速率下降C.t2时，种群数量达到K值，此时出生率等于死亡率，种群增长速率为0D. 为有效防治蝗灾，应在t1前及时控制其种群密度2. 下列关于人体脂质的叙述，正确的是（）A.组成脂肪与糖原的元素种类不同B.磷脂水解的终产物为甘油和脂肪酸C.性激素属于固醇类物质，能维持人体第二性征D.维生素D是构成骨骼的主要成分，缺乏维生素D会影响骨骼发育3. 下列关于遗传学的基本概念的叙述,正确的是()A.测交后代都是纯合子B.隐性性状是指生物体不能表现出来的性状C.纯合子自交产生的F1所表现出来的性状就是显性性状D.性状分离是指杂种后代中显性性状和隐性性状同时出现的现象4. 下列关于酶及相关实验叙述，正确的是（）A.酶是活细胞产生的有机物，微量高效，能调节酶促反应.B.酶在适宜条件下活性最大，其活性可因反应条件的变化而改变C.利用淀粉和蔗糖两种物质探究淀粉酶专一性时，用碘液进行检测D.酶促反应中，酶能高效提供活化能，从而加速反应的进行5. 甲、乙两图都表示苹果组织细胞中CO2释放量和O2吸收量的变化。
下列相关叙述不正确的是（）A.甲图中氧浓度为a时的情况对应的是乙图中的A点B.甲图中氧浓度为b时，若CO2释放量为6mol和O2吸收量为4mol，则此时有氧呼吸占优势C.甲图的a、b、c、d四个浓度中,c是适合储藏苹果的氧浓度D.甲图中氧浓度为d时没有酒精产生6. 如图分别是蓝藻和衣藻的结构模式图。
下列有关这两种生物叙述正确的是（）A. 两种细胞都可能含有光合膜B. 两者细胞膜的化学组成和结构不同C. 利用电子显微镜可以观察两者的染色质结构D. 遗传信息分别贮存在RNA和DNA上7. 科研工作者为了预测某草原鼠害的发生情况，用标志重捕法对该草原1公顷范围内的田鼠数量进行调查，发现在调查的第一个月内种群数量每天增加1．5%。
2019-2020学年高密市第四中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及参考答案
2019-2020学年高密市第四中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated besideLake Geneva, the Olympic Museum houses more than 10,000 artificial objects and hours of interactive contents highlighting some of the best moments during the Olympics. Here are some of the museum’s most moving moments.The Olympic ParkThe journey through the Olympic Museum begins in the Olympic Park, an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and theAlps. The park contains artwork and sculptures that show respect to the world of sport.The first Olympic symbolThe “Olympic Rings” flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913. The rings represent the five continents that participate in the Olympics: Africa, Asia,America,AustraliaandEurope. The six color1 s include at least one color1 that is represented on the flag of every country.The stadiumsThe stadiums that host the Olympic Games are as much of a celebration of design as the games are a celebration of sportsmanship. Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums’ past and present, including one of the games’ most attractive stadiums, the Bird’s Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.The Olympic medalsHave you ever wondered what an Olympic medal looks like? The Olympic Museum has a room that houses every bronze, silver, and gold medal from every Olympic Games dating back to the first modern Olympics of 1896. Each medal design is a unique representation of the year and location in which the games were held.1.Which moment do you see first when exploring the Olympic Museum?A.The Olympic Park.B.The first Olympic symbol.C.The stadiums.D.The Olympic medals.2.What do you know from The first Olympic symbol?A.The first modern Olympics took place inGreece.B.There are six color1 s on the flag of every country.C.Australia used to be the largest continent on earth.D.The “Olympic Rings” flag was created in 1913.3.What can you do in the section of The stadiums?A.Admire the view ofLake Geneva.B.Meet some famous designers.C.Enjoy the model of the Bird’s Nest.D.Talk with guests of honour.B4. The five passes all include ________.A. a dinner cruiseB. a magic showC. a city tourD. a trolley ride5. Accordingto the rules and restrictions, ________.A. visitors can return their ticketsB. reservations cannot be cancelledC. passes cannot be shared among usersD. users can visit attractions more than once6. To make reservations, you can ________.A. write an e-mailB. make a phone callC. send a text messageD. fill out an online form7. In which section of a newspaper would you most likely find this advertisement?A. Leisure & TravelB. Health & BeautyC. Restaurants & FoodD. Sports & EntertainmentCCalifornia's August Complex Fire tore through more than 1,600 square miles of forest last summer,burning nearly every tree in its path. It was the largest wildfire in the state's recorded history, breaking the record previously set in 2018. After the fire, land managers must determine where to most efficiently plant new trees.A predictive mapping model called the Postfire Spatial Conifer Restoration Planning Tool recently described in Ecological Applications could inform these decisions, saving time and expense. The tool can “show where young trees are needed most, where the forest isn't going to come back on its own, where we need to intervene（干预）if we want to maintain forests," says lead author Joseph Stewart, an ecologist at the University of California, Davis.To develop the model, Stewart and his colleagues classified data collected from more than 1,200 study plots in 19 areas that burned between 2004 and 2012. They combined these data with information on rainfall, geography, climate, forest composition and bum severity.Theyalso included how many seeds sample conifer trees （针叶树）produced in 216locations over 18 years, assessing whether the trees release different numbers of seeds after a fire.The tool's potential benefits are significant, says Kimberley Davis, a conservation scientist at theUniversityofMontana, who was not involved in the study. Those managers will still have to make hard decisions, such as which species to plant in areas that may experience warmer and drier conditions resulting from climate change, but the model provides some research-based guidance to help the forests recover.8. What challenge do land managers face after the wildfire?A. Lack of wood supplies.B. Where to plant new trees best.C. How to save the burned trees.D. Loss of trees and wild animals.9. What's the main idea of paragraph 2?A. The function of the tool.B. The disadvantages of the tool.C. The improvement of the tool.D. The development of the tool.10. What does the underlined word "They" refer to?A. The study plots.B. The data.C. Stewart and his colleagues.D. The seeds.11. What isDavis' attitude towards the tool?A. Skeptical.B. Ambiguous.C. Tolerant.D. Optimistic.DBack about 20 months ago I started college and just struggled with everything, such as classes and friends. I quickly became depressed and angry at myself for not being about to do better in school, in addition to lack of friends due to poor social and communication skills.This went on for months until my 19th birthday. My parents sent me a cake, which was a great cake. But I remember having this large cake and ly no one to share it with. I ended throwing out the cake after having one piece, with about 90 % of it leftover. That night I was depressed that I decided to go outside to the freezingtemperature of the winter and run. I put my earphones in, went outside and ran about 2 miles at 11 p.m. on my birthday.When I got back inside I was content. I was proud of what I was able to do. The next night I did the same. I wasn’t quick or fit but you know that I went outside and did something. This continued for about 2 months until I finally worked up the courage to go to the gym, where I started swimming again as I used to in high school. A month went by and I started lifting weights and continually running.Looking back I can see that exercise helped cure my depression but it didn’t only do that. At the gym I met new friends and back at my dorm I grew confidence to go to the end of the hall seeing people playing Super Smash Brothers and ask if I could join.So go forward to present now. I exercise every day and look forward to that hour and a half I get daily to do what I love with people who love it as well. I hope this helps someone who may be or have been in a similar situation.12. What made the author decide to run at night?A. His l9th birthday.B. His parents’ cake.C. His loneliness.D. His friends.13. Which of the following best describes the author?A. Traditional.B. Determined.C. Humorous.D. Generous.14. What is the biggest benefit of the author’s running?A. Regaining his confidence.B. Losing his weight.C. Playing with his brothers.D. Joining other activities.15. Why do you think the author wrote this passage?A. To recall his life in college.B. To show his gratitude to his parents.C. To emphasize the importance of friendship.D. To share his experience of dealing with hardship.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年高密市第四中学高三语文上学期期中试卷及答案
2019-2020学年高密市第四中学高三语文上学期期中试卷及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字'，完成各题。
材料一：科普界有一群“杂乱无章”的人，他们有的是院士，有的是科学家,有的是医生，有的是教师，有的是营养师……但别小看他们,他们可是科普界的“正规军”，他们面向社会公众开展科普创作,传播科学权成的科普知识，用通俗易懂的形式传播科学内容。
无论是以最健康的方式诠释“吃货有道”的大学教授范志红,还是年事已高的“嫦娥之父”欧阳自远,抑或是用才情为科学代言的物理学家李森，他们都激情创作、醉心科普。
这些人都是“典赞”科学传播人物奖项的获得者，他们相信,只要将科普的“种子”种在每个人的心间,总有一天,这些新鲜的科学知识会“开花结果”，作用于人们的生活中。
科普界还有一堆逸趣横生、耳熟能详的作品：从脍炙人口、圈粉无数的北斗导航风云史一一《徐颖：来自星星的灯塔》，到近几年热播的科学实验类电视节目《加油！向未来》;从科普讲座《引力波•带人类倾听星辰大海的声音》,到优秀影视作品《重现化学》，在“典赞”活动的“推波助澜”下这些优秀科普作品二次面世,引发了多次传播热潮,为大众了解重大科技进展提供了专业又通俗易懂的内容，再次让大众感受到科学的魅力。
（节选自《科普的花儿为什么越来越红？》，人民网2018年12月27日）材料二：与生活类、实用类期刊相比,由于科普期刊的文章较为艰深的专业内容和表达形式的限制，造成读者面的狭窄；与学术期刊相比，科普期刊没有丰厚的经费保障,需要在市场中打拼,建立一定的信誉度后才能生存和发展。
随着互联网和移动互联网的迅猛发展，读者的选择余地越来越大，各种媒体之间的竞争也日益激烈，传统媒体的读者流失严重，逐漸转向网络媒体和移动媒体。
在这种环境下，传统科普期刊的转型之路显得尤为迫切。
不同特点的期刊可以根据自己的服务内容和资源，提供具有鲜明特色的服务，以扩大影响，提高用户黏性。
2020-2021学年高密市第四中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年高密市第四中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the sun shines brightly, it provides a great chance to get outdoor things done. Like making hay! At least, that is what farmers from the past would say. ―Make hay while the sun shines.This idiom is very old, dating back to Medieval times. Rain would often ruin the process of making hay. So, farmers had no choice but to make hay when the sun was shining.Today, we all use this expression, not just farmers. When conditions are perfect to get something done, we can say, ―It’s a good idea to make hay while the sun shines.In other words, you are taking advantage of a good situation or of good conditions. You are making the most of your opportunities. These all mean ―making hay while the sun shines.And sometimes we use this expression to mean we beat someone to the punch, or we got ahead of someone else. And other times you make hay while the sun shines to make good use of the chance to do something while it lasts. You are being opportunistic – taking advantage of a good opportunity. For example, my friend Ozzy was sick for a week and could not go to work. So, his co-worker Sarah -- who doesn’t like him -- took advantage of his illness and stole his project! Talk about making hay while the sun shines.Sometimes when you make hay while the sun shines you are staying ahead of a problem – like in this example:Hey, do you want to go hiking with me and my friends this weekend? The weather is going to be beautiful! I wish I could. But I have to finish my taxes. It’s the last weekend before they’re due.Oh, that’s too bad.Wait. What about your taxes?My taxes are done. I was off from work a couple of weeks ago and made hay while the sun shined. I got all of it done!I wish I would have taken advantage of my time off last week___1___All I did was lay around thehouse.And that’s all the time we have for these Words and Their Stories. But join us again next week. You can listen while you’re making dinner or riding to work. Yeah, make hay while the sun shines.1.Which of the following best matches ―make hay whilethe sun shines in paragraph 2?A.Sow nothing, reap nothing.B.Sharp tools make good work.C.Strike while the iron is hot.D.One swallow doesn’t make a summer.2.According to the underlined sentence, what feeling does the speaker express?A.AdmirableB.RegretfulC.AnnoyedD.Indifferent3.Where is the passage probably taken from?A.A radio programB.A magazineC.A brochureD.A novelBA 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to livea decade longer than a peer who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented. And although the average American’s expected span(预期寿命) has been smooth in recent year—and, shockingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017—that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.This gap in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the report of the National Academy of Sciences. Anne Case and Angus Deation ofPrincetonUniversityfound that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to become different in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even wider in the 2010s.What is the link between schooling and longevity(长寿)? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greaterhealth.Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labor markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have decreased the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.The authors argued that the educational gap in mortality(致死率) will widenin the wake ofthe covid-19 pandemic. ForAmerica’s overall life expectancy to start climbing again, improvements will be needed across all social groups, not just among the privileged few.4. When did the lifespans of people with and without a degree vary greatly?A. In the 1990s.B. In the 2020sC. In the 2000sD. In the 2010s5. According to the article, changes in labor markets reduce jobs for those without a degree. Which change is NOT included?A. The rising spending of employer-provided health care.B. The gap in life expectancy.C. Raised request for better-educated workers.D. The development of automation.6. What does the underlined phrase “in the wake of” probably mean ?A. afterB. untilC. beforeD. while7. What is the best title for the text?A. Changes in labor market.B. Quit bad habits by Further studyC. Educated Americans live longer.D. Highly-educated people develop healthier lifestyles.CDad’s comb was jade green. I heard he bought it when he married Mum, which made the comb two years older than I was. Every night, he wouldsmile, hand me the comb and say, “Be a good girl and help Daddy clean it, OK?”I was more than happy to do it. At age five this mundane task brought me such joy. I would excitedly turn the tap on, then brush the comb with a used toothbrush as hard as I could. Satisfied that I’d done a good job, I would proudly return the comb to Dad. He would smile at me and place the comb on top of his wallet.About two years later, Dad left his sales job and started his own wholesale business. I started primary school. That was when things started to change. He didn’t come home as much as he used to – just a couple of times a week. And when he did come home, it was always late and I’d already be in bed. I started to get mad. I stopped waiting for him to come home, and stopped going downstairs to check on him.Today, I’m no longer a kid. I’ve graduated from college and got a job. Dad’s business has got back on track. Things are better now. Yet the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me persisted.Two days before my birthday last year, Dad came home early. As usual, I helped him carry his bags into his study. When I turned to leave, he said, “Hey, would you like to help me clean my comb?” I looked at him a while,then took the comb and headed to the sink.I passed the clean comb back to Dad. He looked at it and smiled. But this time, I noticed something different. My dad has aged. He has wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiles, yet his smile is still as heartwarming as before. The smile of a father who just wants a good life for his family. Dad carefully placed his comb on top of his wallet.After so many years, he still organizes his personal items in the same meticulous way. I guess some things never change. And for that, I’m glad.8. What caused the uncomfortable silence between Dad and me?A. Generation gap.B. Dad’s failure in business.C. My ignorance of Dad.D. Dad’s absence from the family.9. Which of the following can best describe Dad?A. Gentle but strict.B. Hardworking and caring.C. Cautious and realistic.D. Demanding but patient.10. Why did Dad ask his daughter to clean his comb before her birthday?A. To give her a lesson.B. To follow his old habit.C. To fix their relationship.D. To praise her helpfulness.11. Which saying concludes the text best?A. Yesterday once more.B. Let bygones be bygones.C. Some things never change.D. Like father, like daughter.DSelf-esteem is an abstract concept, which refers to people’s beliefs about their own worth and value. American psychologist Abraham Maslow thought self-esteem was a basic human need and included self-esteem in his hierarchy of human needs. He described two different forms of “esteem”: the need for respect from others in the form of recognition, success, and admiration, and the need for self-respect in the form of self-love, self-confidence, and skill. Respect from others was believed to be more fragile and easily lost than inner self-esteem. According to Maslow, without the fulfillment of the self-esteem need, individuals will be driven to seek it and unable to grow and obtain self-realization.Basically, high self-esteem is achieved through a series of real accomplishments, which is good for people. However, the excessive high self-esteem, based more on a sense of entitlement than on any accomplishment, is considered to be less psychologically healthy. And just as self-esteem can be too high, it can also be “under-inflated”. Those having poor self-esteem do have a basis for feeling good about themselves but they maynot recognize their accomplishments and actions as meaningful.To appreciate what it would be like to have high self-esteem, one can consider how they may feel about things in their lives that they value. For instance, some people really like cars. They take good care of their cars. They may even decorate the car and then show it off to other people with pride. Similarly, people with high self-esteem love, care for and feel proud of themselves. Take children for example. When they have high self-esteem, they believe they are valuable and important. They enjoy different activities and can handle criticism easily without taking it personally.People need to develop positive self-esteem. This can convince them they deserve happiness. Besides, the development of positive self-esteem increases the capacity to treat other people with respect, thus favoring a variety of interpersonal relationships and avoiding destructive ones.12. What can we infer from Abraham Maslow’s theory about self-esteem?A. Self-esteem ensures us a successful life.B. Self-esteem is essential to self-realization.C. Self-esteem means little to psychological health.D. Others’ respect is more important than self-respect.13. What does the underlined word “under-inflated” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Adequate.B. Insufficient.C. Moderate.D. Lifelong.14. How does the author explain the feelings of having high self-esteem?A. By giving examples.B. By analyzing causes.C. By providing figures.D. By making contrasts.15. Which of the following does the author support?A. Self-esteem ultimately leads to happiness.B. Self-esteem earns you respect from others.C. Positive self-esteem benefits people’s social lives.D. Positive self-esteem helps people out of difficulties.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年高密市第四中学高三生物上学期期中考试试卷及答案
2020-2021学年高密市第四中学高三生物上学期期中考试试卷及答案一、选择题：本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。
1.鳞翅目昆虫黄粉蝶的性别决定方式为ZW型，其幼体的黑斑和白斑受Bb基因的控制，皮肤不透明和透明受E、e基因的控制。
一对幼体皮肤不透明而有黑斑的雌雄个体交配，F1中黑斑个体与白斑个体的比例为3∶l，皮肤不透明与透明个体的比例为2∶1，且皮肤透明的幼体全为雌性。
下列有关叙述错误的是（）A.B、b和E、e两对等位基因遵循自由组合定律B.E、e基因位于性染色体上，且基因型Z E Z E致死C.F1中皮肤不透明而有白斑的雄性幼体所占的比例为1/8D.F1中皮肤透明的幼体全为雌性，则雄性亲本基因型为BbZ E Z e2.生长素能促进细胞伸长生长，其作用机理为：生长素通过细胞壁，与细胞膜上的受体结合，通过进一步信号传递促进质子泵基因的表达，质子泵是细胞膜上转运H+的载体，可将H+从膜内运到膜外，使细胞壁酸化，酸化后的细胞壁变得松弛从而有利于伸展。
下列说法正确的是A.细胞伸长生长的过程中体积变化最大的细胞器是液泡B.据题意分析，生长素通过细胞壁的方式是协助扩散C.在幼嫩的芽、叶和发育的种子中，色氨酸经过脱水缩合形成生长素D.生长素与细胞膜上的受体结合的过程体现了细胞膜具有控制物质进出的功能3.某农场面积约140 hm2，农场丰富的植物资源为黑线姬鼠提供了良好的生存条件，鼠大量繁殖吸引鹰前来捕食。
某研究小组采用标志重捕法调查该农场黑线姬鼠的种群密度，第一次捕获了100只，标记后全部放掉，第二次捕获了280只，发现其中有2只带有标记。
下列叙述错误的是（）A. 鹰的迁入率增加会影响黑线姬鼠的种群密度B. 该农场黑线姬鼠种群密度约为100只/hm2C. 由于黑线姬鼠被捕捉一次后再难以捕捉，则实际种群密度比估算结果偏小D. 此调查方法也可用来调查跳蝻的种群密度4.有关细胞质结构与功能的叙述，不正确的是（）A.细胞质基质是细胞内新陈代谢的主要场所B.人体不同组织细胞内各种细胞器的种类和数量都相同C.核糖体是原核细胞与真核细胞细胞质中都具有的细胞器D.细胞中各种细胞器分工合作，保证了细胞生命活动的有序进行5.下列关于生物变异和进化的叙述，错误的是（）A.某植物经X射线处理后未出现新的性状，则没有新基因产生B.自然选择使种群基因频率发生定向改变，并决定生物进化的方向C.外来物种入侵能改变生物进化的速度和方向D.捕食者和被捕食者之间相互选择，共同进化6.红细胞中的血红蛋白可以与O2结合，随血液循环将O2运输至人体各处的细胞，供细胞生命活动利用。
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06年高密四中高三上学期期中考试第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共40分）一、选择题（每小题4分，共40分，在每小题给出的四个选项中有一个或多个选项正确。
） 1．下列叙述中正确的是Ａ．人类发射的通讯、电视转播卫星离地面越高越好，因为其传送的范围大 Ｂ．某一人造地球卫星离地面越高，其机械能就越大，但其运行速度就越小 Ｃ．由于人造地球卫星长期受微小阻力的作用，因而其运行速度会逐渐变大Ｄ．我国于2005年10月发射的“神舟”六号飞船在落向内蒙古地面的过程中，一直处于失重状态 2．如果运动的物体的平均速度等于这段时间内初速度和末速度的算术平均值，则该运动一定不是A ．匀速直线运动B ．匀加速直线运动C ．匀减速直线运动D ．加速度减小的运动3． 1998年1月发射的“月球勘探者”空间探测器，运用最新科技手段对月球进行近距离勘探，在月球重力分布，磁场分布及元素测定等方面取得了新成果，探测器在一些环形山中发现了质量密集区，当飞到这些质量密集区时，通过地面的大口径射电望远镜观察，“月球勘探者”的轨道参数发生了微小变化，这些变化是( )A .半径变小B .半径变大C .速率变小D .速率变大4．图中实线是一簇未标明方向的由点电荷产生的电场线，虚线是某一带电粒子通过该电场区域量的运动轨迹，a 、b 是轨迹上的两点。
若带电粒子在运动中只受电场力作用，根据此图可作出正确判断的是A ．带电粒子所带电荷的符号B ．带电粒子在a 、b 两点的受力方向C ．带电粒子在a 、b 两点的速度何处较大D ．带电粒子在a 、b 两点的电势能何处较大 5．甲、乙两物体在同一直线上，同时由同一位置向同一方向运动，其速度图象如图所示，下列说法正确的是 A ．开始阶段乙跑在甲的前面，20秒后乙落在甲的后面 B ．20秒末乙追上甲，且甲、乙速度相等 C ．40秒末乙追上甲D ．在追上前的20秒末两物体相距最大6．从地面竖直上抛一物体A ，同时在离地面某一高度处有另一物体B 自由落下，两物体在空中同时到达同一高度时速度都为v ，则下列说法中正确的是A ．物体A 上抛的初速度和物体B 落地时速度的大小相等 B ．物体A 、B 在空中运动的时间相等C ．物体A 能上升的最大高度和B 开始下落的高度相同D ．两物体在空中同时达到同一高度处一定是B 物体开始下落时高度的中点7．两个相同的可视为质点的小球A 和B ，质量均为m ，用长度相同的两根细线把A 、B 两球悬挂在水平天花板上的同一点O ，并用长度相同的细线连接A 、B 两个小球，然后，用一水平方向的力F 作用在小球A 上，此时三根线均处于伸直状态，且OB 细线恰好处于竖直方向如图所示。
如果两小球均处于静止状态，则力F 的大小为 A ．0 B ．mgC．3/3mgD ．mg 38．某人在平直公路上骑自行车，见前方较远处红色交通信号灯亮起，他便停止蹬车，此后的一小段时间内，自行车前轮和后轮受到地面的摩擦力分别为f 前和f 后，则 A ．f 前向后，f 后向前B ．f 前向前，f 后向后C ．f 前向后，f 后向后D ．f 前向前，f 后向前9．欲使在粗糙斜面上匀速下滑的物体静止，可采用的方法是A ．在物体上叠放一重物B ．对物体施一垂直于斜面的力C ．对物体施一竖直向下的力D ．增大斜面倾角10．(01理综)图中所示是一个平行板电容器，其电容为C ，带电量为Q ，上极板带正电。
现将一个试探电荷q 由两极板间的A 点移动到B 点，如图所示。
A 、B 两点间的距离为s ，连线AB 与极板间的夹角为30°，则电场力对试探电荷q 所做的功等于A ．Qd qCsB ．Cd qQsC ．Cd qQs2 D ．QdqCs 2第II 卷（非选择题，共60分）二、实验题（5+5）11．在“验证力的平行四边形定则”实验中，需要将橡皮条的一端固定在水平木板上，另一端系上两根细绳，细绳的另一端都有绳套（如图）。
实验中需用两个弹簧秤分别勾住绳套，并互成角度地拉橡皮条。
某同学认为在此过程中必须注意以下几项：Ｂ．橡皮条应与两绳夹角的平分线在同一直线上。
Ｃ．在使用弹簧秤时要注意使弹簧秤与木板平面平行。
其中正确的是________。
（填入相应的字母）12.一艘宇宙飞船飞近某一新发现的行星，并进入靠近行星表面的圆形轨道绕行数圈后，着陆在该行星上，飞船上备有以下实验器材：A．精确秒表一个B．已知质量为m的物体一个C．弹簧测力计一个D．天平一台（附砝码）已知宇航员在绕行时和着陆后各作了一次测量，依据测量数据，可求出该行星的半径R和行星质量M。
（已知万有引力常量为G）（1）两次测量所选用的器材分别为、。
（用序号表示）（2）两次测量的物理量分别是、。
（3）用该数据推出半径R、质量M的表达式：R= ，M= 。
三、计算题（50分）13．（8分）太原直飞昆明的航班由波音737飞机执行。
右面的上、下两图分别给出了某次飞行全过程中飞机的竖直分速度和水平分速度的速度图象。
根据图象求：（1）飞机在途中匀速飞行时的巡航高度（离地面的高度）是多高？（2）从太原到昆明的水平航程为多远？14．（8）如图所示，某人乘雪橇从雪坡经A点滑至B点，接着沿水平路面滑至C点停止．人与雪橇的总质量为70kg．表中记录了沿坡滑下过程中的有关数据，请根据图表中的数据解决下列问题：（1）人与雪橇从A到B的过程中，损失的机械能为多少？（2）设人与雪橇在BC段所受阻力恒定，求阻力大小．（g=10m/s2）15．（10分）在广场游玩时，一个小孩将一个充有氢气的气球用细绳系于一个小石块上，并将小石块放置于水平地面上．已知小石块的质量为m1，气球（含球内氢气）的质量为m2，气球体积为V，空气密度为ρ（V和ρ均视作不变量），风沿水平方向吹，风速为υ．已知空气对气球的作用力F f = kυ（式中k为一已知系数，υ为气球相对空气的速度）．开始时，小石块静止在地面上，如图所示．（1）若风速υ在逐渐增大，小孩担心气球会连同小石块一起被吹离地面，试判断是否会出现这一情况，并说明理由．（2）若细绳突然断开，已知气球飞上天空后，在气球所经过的空间中的风速υ为不变量，求气球能达到的最大速度的大小．16(12)下图是某种静电分选器的原理示意图。
两个竖直放置的平行金属板带有等量异号电荷，形成匀强电场。
分选器漏斗的出口与两板上端处于同一高度，到两板距离相等。
混合在一起的a 、b 两种颗粒从漏斗出口下落时，a 种颗粒带上正电，b 种颗粒带上负电。
经分选电场后，a 、b 两种颗粒分别落到水平传送带A 、B 上。
已知两板间距m d 1.0=，板的长度m l 5.0=，电场仅局限在平行板之间；各颗粒所带电量大小与其质量之比均为kg C /1015-⨯。
设颗粒进入电场时的初速度为零，分选过程中颗粒大小及颗粒间的相互作用力不计。
要求两种颗粒离开电场区域时，不接触到极板但有最大偏转量。
重力加速度g 取2/10s m 。
（1）左右两板各带何种电荷？两极板间的电压多大？（2）若两带电平行板的下端距传送带A 、B 的高度m H 3.0=，颗粒落至传送带时的速度大小是多少？ （3）设颗粒每次与传送带碰撞反弹时，沿竖直方向的速度大小为碰撞前竖直方向速度大小的一半。
写出颗粒第n 次碰撞反弹高度的表达式。
并求出经过多少次碰撞，颗粒反弹的高度小于0.01m 。
（此问实班做）17．（12分）我国自行研制的“神舟五号”载人飞船载着中国第一代宇航员杨利伟，于2003年10月15日9时在酒泉发射场由“长征二号F”大推力运载火箭发射升空，并按预定轨道环绕地球飞行14圈后，于10月16日6时23分安全返回落在内蒙古的主着陆场．（1）设“神舟五号”飞船在飞行过程中绕地球沿圆轨道运行，已知地球半径为R，地球表面的重力加速度为g，飞船绕地球运行的周期为T．求飞船离地面的平均高度h．（2）已知将质量为m的飞船在距地球中心无限远处移到距离地球中心为r处的过程中，万有引力做功为W＝GMm/r，式中G为万有引力恒量，M为地球的质量．那么将质量为m的飞船从地面发射到距离地面高度为h的圆形轨道上，火箭至少要对飞船做多少功?（为简化计算，不考虑地球自转对发射的影响）高三物理期中考试模拟五参考答案一、1．BC 2．D 3． AD 4．BCD 5．CD 6．AC 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 二、11．⑴C 12.（1）（每空1分）A ；BC （2）（每空1分）周期T ；物体的重力F（3）（每空2分）Gm T F m FT 34432216;4ππ 13．（1）8400m （2）1584km 14．（1）从A 到B 的过程中，人与雪橇损失的机械能为222121B A mv mv mgh E -+=∆ ① △E=（70×10×20+1/2×70×12.02－1/2×70×12.02）J=9100J ②（2）人与雪橇在BC 段做减速运动的加速度22/2/410120s m s m t v v a B C -=--=-=③ 根据牛顿第二定律f=ma=70×（－2）N=－140N15．（1）小石块不会被风吹离地面．以气球和小石块组成的系统为研究对象：地面对小石块支持力的大小为gV g m m N ρ-+=)(21恒定，跟风速v 无关．（2）气球的最大水平速度等于风速，即v xm ＝v ．当竖直方向的合力为零时，竖直分速度最大，即0)(21=-+-ym kv g m m gV ρ，则2ym gV m gv kρ-=气球能达到的最大速度的大小为m v ==16、（1）左板带负电荷，右板带正电荷。
依题意，颗粒在平行板间的竖直方向上满足 221gt l = <1> 在水平方向上满足 2212t dmUq d s ==<2> <1><2>两式联立得 V lqgmd U 421012⨯==（2）根据动能定理，颗粒落到水平传送带上满足sm H l g mUq v m v H l m g Uq /4)(221)(212≈++==++（3）在竖直方向颗粒作自由落体运动，它第一次落到水平传送带上沿竖直方向的速度s m H l g v y /4)(2=+=。
反弹高度 m gv h n y 8.0)41(2)5.0(21⨯==根据题设条件，颗粒第n 次反弹后上升的高度)2)(41()2()41(22gv g v h yy n n == 当4=n 时，m h n 01.0<1）设飞船质量为m ，地球质量为M ，由万有引力定律和牛顿第二定律对飞船的运行过程有)()π2()(22h R Tm h R mM G+=+ 4分 又mg R GMm =2/ 2分解得飞船离地面的高度R T gR h -=3222π4 3分 （2）若将飞船由距地球无穷远处移至距离地球表面为h 处，引力做功为 )/(1h R GMm W += 1分若将飞船由距地球无穷远处移至地球表面，引力做功为R GMm W /2= 1分 所以将飞船由地球表面发射到距离地面h 高的轨道上的过程中，引力做功为 R h R G M m h R G M m h R G M m W )/(/)/(3+-=-+= 2分设飞船在距离地面高为h 的圆轨道上运动时的速度为v ，根据万有引力定律和牛顿第二定律有：hR v m h R Mm G +=+22)( 3分 设将飞船送入沿距地面高度为h 的圆形轨道运动的过程中，火箭要对飞船所做的功为W ，根据动能定理有 2321mv W W =+ 3分解得：)(2)2(h R R h R GMm W ++=或)(2)2(h R h R mgR W ++= 1分。