溶胶凝胶法制备llzo

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样品制备(溶胶-凝胶法)

样品制备(溶胶-凝胶法)

样品制备(溶胶-凝胶法)一:实验目的1.了解溶胶-凝胶法制备样品的基本原理以及影响胶体形成的几种基本因素。

2.通过实验可以系统、规范、和熟练地掌握化学实验的基本操作和基本实验技能。

3.结合所学的物理和化学方面的知识,设计样品的相关物理与化学表征过程,了解相关的样品表征技术和样品数据分析。

4.了解相关化学实验废弃物的处理相关知识,提高学生的环保意识。

二:溶胶-凝胶过程的基本原理1846年法国化学家J.J.Ebelmen用SiCl4与乙醇混合后,发现在湿空气中发生水解并形成了凝胶。

20世纪30年代W.Geffcken证实用金属醇盐的水解和凝胶化可以制备氧化物薄膜。

1971年德国H.Dislich报道了通过金属醇盐水解制备了SiO2-B2O-Al2O3-Na2O-K2O多组分玻璃。

1975年B.E.Yoldas和M.Yamane制得整块陶瓷材料及多孔透明氧化铝薄膜。

80年代以来,在玻璃、氧化物涂层、功能陶瓷粉料以及传统方法难以制得的复合氧化物材料得到成功应用。

溶胶-凝胶过程是一种胶体化学方法,是用含高化学活性组分的化合物作为前驱体(金属醇盐或金属无机盐)溶于有机溶剂或者去离子水中,在液相下将这些原料均匀混合,在控温搅拌的条件下并进行水解、缩合化学反应,在溶液中形成稳定的透明溶胶体系,溶胶经陈化胶粒间缓慢聚合,形成三维空间网络结构的凝胶,凝胶网络间充满了失去流动性的溶剂,形成凝胶。

凝胶经过干燥、烧结固化制备出分子级乃至纳米级的结构材料。

1.胶体化学的基本原理胶体是一类物理化学性质特殊的分散相粒径很小的高度分散体系,分散相粒子的重力可以忽略,粒子之间的相互作用主要是短程作用力。

溶胶(Sol)是具有液体特征的胶体体系,分散的粒子是固体或者大分子,分散的粒子大小在1~100 nm之间。

凝胶(Gel)是具有固体特征的胶体体系,被分散的物质形成连续的网状骨架,骨架空隙中充有液体或气体,凝胶中分散相的含量很低,一般在1%~3%之间。

溶胶_凝胶法制备微纳米级LiCoO_2的研究

溶胶_凝胶法制备微纳米级LiCoO_2的研究

溶胶-凝胶法制备微纳米级LiCoO2的研究*张 静,李广芬(天津工业大学材料科学与工程学院,天津300160)摘 要 采用溶胶-凝胶法,以LiNO3,Co(NO3)2和PAA为主要原料,研究制备LiCoO2薄膜过程中不同实验条件对晶体形成过程及形貌的影响。

经偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜对所形成的薄膜表面进行分析发现聚丙烯酸的含量、Li+离子和Co2+离子的总浓度和配比、烧焙温度及升温速度等均会对薄膜中的成分、纳米化的晶体的形成及表面形貌有着较大的影响。

实验表明,最佳烧结温度在600℃左右时有利于LiCoO2晶体的形成。

关键词: LiCoO2;锂离子电池;溶胶-凝胶法;薄膜中图分类号: TK01;TM911文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-9731(2010)增刊3-0416-041 引 言在锂离子电池发展过程中,无定型或晶型的插层化合物如锂钴氧化物(LiCoO2)、锂锰氧化物(LiMn2O4)、锂镍氧化物(LiNiO2)、锂钒氧化物(LiV2O5)等由于优越的电化学性能及充放电性能一直是国内外研究及开发的热点。

LiCoO2与LiMn2O4相比具有较高的能量密度及循环稳定性,而与LiNiO2比较则具有较好的热稳定性。

然而LiCoO2的实际比容量仅为其理论容量的50%左右,在较高充电电压下比容量迅速降低,其电化学性能有待于进一步提高。

正极材料的纳米化可有效地改善锂离子电池的电化学性能,尤其是快速充放电性能。

其原因在于纳米正极材料的尺寸小,Li+嵌脱路径短,能更好地释放嵌脱的锂,加速Li+的扩散,提高快速充放电能力。

而较小的晶体颗粒具有较大的比表面积,有利于与电解液的接触,以提供更多的Li+嵌脱位置。

研究表明材料结晶性能越好,其电化学性能也越好。

不同的结晶形态对电化学性能有不同的影响。

而结晶形态的形成很大程度上取决于反应中的焙烧温度[1-3]。

合成温度较低时有利于形成立方尖晶石晶型LT-LiCoO2。

溶胶凝胶法制备llzo

溶胶凝胶法制备llzo

溶胶凝胶法制备llzo
溶胶凝胶法是一种常用于制备LLZO(锂饱和硅锆锂氧)固态
电解质的方法。

具体步骤如下:
1. 制备溶液:将适量的无水氯化锌(ZnCl2)、氯化锆(ZrCl4)和氯化锂(LiCl)溶解在无水乙醇中,形成均匀的混合溶液。

2. 增稠剂添加:将聚丙烯酰胺(PVA)等增稠剂加入混合溶
液中,并充分搅拌,使其成为均匀的胶体溶液。

3. 凝胶化:将胶体溶液在恒温搅拌下继续加热,使溶胶逐渐凝胶化,形成固态凝胶。

4. 干燥:将凝胶体置于干燥箱中,在适当温度下进行干燥,以去除水分和有机物,得到干燥的LLZO固态电解质。

5. 煅烧:将干燥的LLZO固态电解质体继续加热至高温,进
行煅烧处理,以促进晶体的形成和结晶。

6. 碾磨和筛分:将煅烧后的LLZO固态电解质体进行碾磨和
筛分,使其颗粒大小均匀。

最终制备得到的LLZO固态电解质可用于高性能固态锂离子
电池等应用中。

溶胶-凝胶法制备Li2O-ZnO-B2O3-SiO2系低温玻璃料

溶胶-凝胶法制备Li2O-ZnO-B2O3-SiO2系低温玻璃料
高 元, 侯永 改 , 李文凤 , 李广锋 , 丁志静 , 黄 庆飞
( 河 南工 业 大学 材 料 科 学 与工 程 学 院 , 郑州 4 5 0 0 0 1 )
摘要 : 以有机锌盐 、 有机锂盐 、 正硅 酸乙酯 、 硼酸为原 料 , 乙醇为溶 剂 , 采用溶 胶一 凝胶 法成 功制备 出 L i 0 一 Z n O — B O . S i O z 系微 晶玻璃料 , 通过 T G — D T A、 F r I R、 X R D等材料测试方 法对 L i O — Z n O — B 0 3 . S i O 系玻璃料进 行分 析。结果表
明: 最佳 p H值是 4 . 5 , 反应温度是 4 O℃ , 最佳配 比 L i : 0 : Z n O : B 2 0 , : S i O =1 5 : 1 5 : 1 0 : 6 0 ; 干凝胶 开始析 出晶体 的温
度为4 8 0 o C; 当热处 理温度为 6 6 0 o C时 , 能够生成稳定 的 S i O :晶体 , 样品 晶粒粒径 为 5 5 . 1 n m。 关键 词 : 溶胶一 凝胶法 ;L i O - Z n O — B 0 , . S i O :系玻璃 ;晶粒 尺寸 中图分 类号 : T Q 1 7 4 . 1 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : 1 0 0 1 — 1 6 2 5 ( 2 0 1 6 ) 1 2 - 4 2 3 2 - 0 5
第 3 5卷 第 1 2期
2 0 1 6年 1 2月





Vo I . 3 5 No .1 2 De c e mb e r . 2 01 6
BUL L E T I N OF T HE CHI NE S E C ER AMI C S 0C I E T Y

溶胶凝胶法制备块体材料课件

溶胶凝胶法制备块体材料课件

实例二:溶胶凝胶法制备钛酸钡块体材料
原料
使用钛酸盐、钡盐、溶剂、交联 剂等原料,通过溶解、凝胶、干 燥等步骤制备钛酸钡块体材料。
制备过程
将钛酸盐、钡盐溶液与溶剂、交 联剂混合,经过搅拌、蒸发、干 燥等步骤,得到钛酸钡块体材料。
制备工艺参数
控制溶剂浓度、搅拌速度、蒸发 温度等参数,以得到纯度高、致
密度高的钛酸钡块体材料。
THANKS。
Wang X, Zhang W, Wang Z. Progress in the preparation of bulk materials using sol-gel method[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2020, 36(5): 78-85.
溶胶凝胶法还可以用于制备纳米材料和复合材料,这些材料在电子、光学、磁学等 领域具有广泛的应用前景。
02
溶胶凝胶法制体材料
制备过程
• 溶胶凝胶法是一种常用于制备块体材料的湿化学方法。该方法 通过将原料溶解在溶剂中,形成均一稳定的溶胶,然后通过凝 胶化反应将溶胶转化为固相,最终获得所需的块体材料。
制备过程
溶胶凝胶法制体材料件
目 录
• 溶胶凝胶法概述 • 溶胶凝胶法制备块体材料 • 溶胶凝胶法制备块体材料的优缺点 • 溶胶凝胶法制备块体材料的实例 • 溶胶凝胶法制备块体材料的未来发展 • 相关参考文献
contents
01
溶胶凝胶法概述
溶胶凝胶法的定 义
溶胶凝胶法是一种制备材料的前驱体方法,它利用有机或无 机化合物作为原料,经过溶胶过程形成溶胶液体,再经过凝 胶过程形成凝胶固体,最后经过热处理得到所需的材料。

溶胶凝胶法制备llzo

溶胶凝胶法制备llzo

溶胶凝胶法制备llzo
摘要:
1.溶胶凝胶法简介
2.溶胶凝胶法制备LLZO 的过程
3.LLZO 的特性与应用
正文:
一、溶胶凝胶法简介
溶胶凝胶法是一种制备陶瓷材料的常用方法,它通过将高化学活性组分的化合物经过溶液、溶胶、凝胶而固化,再经过热处理而成为氧化物或其它化合物固体。

这种方法具有制备过程简单、成本低、环境友好等优点,因此在陶瓷制备领域得到了广泛的应用。

二、溶胶凝胶法制备LLZO 的过程
LLZO(镧锆酸镧钛酸锆)是一种具有高介电常数、低损耗和宽频带应用特性的陶瓷材料。

它主要由镧、锆、钛三种元素组成,通过溶胶凝胶法制备可以得到高性能的LLZO 陶瓷。

制备过程如下:
1.首先将镧、锆、钛三种元素的氧化物分别与水混合,形成溶液。

2.将溶液中的氧化物通过水解反应生成相应的氢氧化物。

3.将氢氧化物沉淀并分离出来,形成凝胶。

4.将凝胶经过热处理,得到LLZO 陶瓷。

三、LLZO 的特性与应用
LLZO 陶瓷具有优良的介电性能,其介电常数随温度的升高而降低,具有
较好的频率稳定性。

同时,它还具有低损耗和宽频带特性,因此在高频通信、雷达、卫星导航等领域具有广泛的应用。

此外,LLZO 陶瓷还具有良好的抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性,可用于制作高温环境下的电子元件。

在能源存储领域,LLZO 陶瓷也可用于制备高性能的电容器,实现能量的高效存储和转换。

农药制造中的溶胶与凝胶制备技术

农药制造中的溶胶与 凝胶制备技术
汇报人:
目录
添加目录标题 溶胶制备技术
溶胶与凝胶制备技术概 述
凝胶制备技术
溶胶与凝胶制备技术的 比较与选择
农药制造中溶胶与凝胶 制备技术的挑战与展望
添加章节标题
溶胶与凝胶制备技 术概述
溶胶:由胶体粒子分散在液体介质中形成的分散体系 凝胶:由胶体粒子聚集形成的具有一定形状和强度的固体 溶胶与凝胶制备技术:通过控制胶体粒子的分散和聚集,制备出所需的溶胶和凝胶
成凝胶
冷冻干燥法:将溶液 冷冻,干燥后形成凝

离子交换法:通过离 子交换反应形成凝胶
光聚合法:通过光化 学反应形成凝胶
电化学法:通过电化 学反应形成凝胶
添加 标题
原料选择:选择合适的原料对凝胶 制备至关重要
添加 标题
搅拌速度:搅拌速度对凝胶的制备 和性能有重要影响
添加 标题
反应条件:反应条件对凝胶的制备 和性能有重要影响

医药制造:溶胶制备技术在 医药制造中的应用
食品加工:溶胶制备技术在 食品加工中的应用
化妆品制造:溶胶制备技术 在化妆品制造中的应用
农药制造:溶胶制备技术在 农药制造中的应用
环保领域:溶胶制备技术在 环保领域的应用
凝胶制备技术
溶胶-凝胶法:将原料 溶于溶剂中,通过化
学反应形成凝胶
喷雾干燥法:将溶液 喷成雾状,干燥后形
添加 标题
温度控制:温度对凝胶的制备和性 能有重要影响
添加 标题
反应时间:反应时间对凝胶的制备 和性能有重要影响
添加 标题
凝胶浓度:凝胶浓度对凝胶的制备 和性能有重要影响
凝胶制备技术可以制备出多种类型的凝 胶,如硅胶、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等。

溶胶凝胶法制备llzo

溶胶凝胶法制备LLZO1. 引言LLZO(锂锆锂氧化物,Li7La3Zr2O12)是一种具有高离子电导率和优异化学稳定性的固态电解质材料,被广泛应用于固态锂离子电池和其他电化学能源存储器件中。

溶胶凝胶法是一种常用的制备LLZO的方法,其通过溶胶的形成和凝胶的固化来得到所需材料。

本文将详细介绍溶胶凝胶法制备LLZO的原理、步骤和相关实验条件,并对其制备的LLZO材料的结构、性能和应用进行探讨。

2. 原理溶胶凝胶法制备LLZO的原理主要基于溶胶和凝胶的形成过程。

溶胶是指由固体颗粒或分子均匀分散在液体介质中形成的胶体系统,而凝胶是指溶胶在特定条件下发生聚集和固化形成的凝胶体系。

在溶胶凝胶法中,首先需要制备LLZO的溶胶。

一般而言,采用一种或多种有机溶剂作为介质,将LLZO的前驱体(如金属盐)溶解其中,并通过加热和搅拌等方法使其均匀分散。

接下来,通过调节溶液的pH值、温度和时间等参数,使得LLZO的前驱体发生水解和聚合反应,形成LLZO的胶体溶液。

随后,通过凝胶化过程将溶胶转化为凝胶。

凝胶化是指溶胶中的颗粒或分子发生聚集和连接,形成三维网络结构的过程。

通常,通过调节溶胶的浓度、温度和凝胶剂的添加等因素,使得溶胶中的LLZO前驱体逐渐聚集并形成凝胶体系。

最后,通过干燥和烧结等工艺,将凝胶转化为固态的LLZO材料。

干燥过程中,溶胶中的溶剂逐渐蒸发,形成空隙结构;烧结过程中,通过高温处理使得LLZO的颗粒发生烧结和晶化,形成致密的晶体结构。

3. 制备步骤溶胶凝胶法制备LLZO的步骤主要包括溶胶制备、凝胶化和烧结等过程。

以下将详细介绍每个步骤的操作方法和注意事项。

3.1 溶胶制备1.准备所需的LLZO前驱体和有机溶剂。

常用的LLZO前驱体包括锂盐、锆盐和稀土盐等,有机溶剂可以选择乙醇、丙酮等。

2.将LLZO前驱体加入有机溶剂中,并通过加热和搅拌等方法使其充分溶解和均匀分散。

3.调节溶液的pH值,一般选择酸性条件(pH < 7)有利于LLZO前驱体的水解和聚合反应。

溶胶_凝胶法制备_Al_2O_3纳米粉体

2009年 2月 第 1期 总第 169期
金刚石与磨料磨具工程 D iamond & Abrasives Engineering
文章编号 : 1006 - 852X (2008) 06 - 0062 - 05
Feb. 2009 No. 1 Serial. 169
溶胶 - 凝胶法制备 α2A l2 O3 纳米粉体 3
将一定量的工业氧化铝溶胶置于蒸馏水中 ,在恒 温搅拌下缓慢滴加硝酸溶液调节 pH = 3,然后加入一 定量的分散剂 。待解胶完成后加入晶种和矿化剂 ,继 续恒温搅拌 30 m in,使晶种和矿化剂在溶胶中分散均 匀 。所得溶胶在室温下形成凝胶 ,凝胶在干燥箱中 80 ℃烘 24 h形成干凝胶 。干凝胶以乙醇为介质进行湿 磨 4 h,在烘箱中干燥 ,过 120 目筛得到前驱体 。然后 将前驱体分别在不同温度下锻烧 2 h得到 α2A l2 O3纳 米粉 ,并对制得的粉体进行表征 。 1. 3 粉体表征
particle size of colloid
分散剂种类
分散剂加入量 /wt%
胶体粒度 / nm
0. 5
30
PEG - 400
1
24. 8
1. 5
25. 0
0. 5
25. 8
Fs - 10
1
78. 5
1. 5
91. 6
0. 5
三乙醇胺
1
16. 7 14. 4
1. 5
14. 9
将用上述分散剂的最佳加入量制得的前驱体 (添
= 0. 89)计算晶粒的粒径 ,式中 D 为颗粒粒径 ,λ为 X 射线波长 , B 为衍射峰半高宽 ,θ为衍射角 ; 用 JSM 6700E型场 发射 扫描 电子 显微 镜 观 察 晶 粒 形 貌 ; 用 MALVERN Zetasizer - 3000HSA 型自动电位粒度仪测 量粉体的粒度 。

溶胶凝胶法制备

Preparation and characterization of single-phase α-Fe 2O 3nano-powders by Pechini sol –gel methodYuanting Wu ⁎,Xiufeng WangSchool of Materials Science &Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science &Technology,Xi'an,712081,Chinaa b s t r a c ta r t i c l e i n f o Article history:Received 27November 2010Accepted 1April 2011Available online 8April 2011Keywords:Fe 2O 3Nano-powders PechiniSol –gel method Citric acidIn this work,single-phase α-Fe 2O 3nano-particles were first synthesized via Pechini sol –gel method using citric acid and polyethylene glycol-6000as chelating agents.The structural coordination of as-prepared polymeric intermediates was investigated by FTIR analysis.Thermal behavior of the polymeric intermediates was studied by TG-DTG-DSC thermograms.The structure of the powders calcined at different temperatures was characterized by XRD and FESEM.The single-phase α-Fe 2O 3nano-powders with uniform size were prepared when the polymeric intermediate calcined at 600°C,and the lowest particle size was found to be 30nm.©2011Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionHematite (α-Fe 2O 3)is the most stable iron oxide and the most environmentally friendly semiconductor (e.g., 2.1eV)[1].It is traditionally used for red pigment [2],catalysts [3],electrodes [4],gas sensors [5,6],magnetic materials [7],photocatalytic [8]and anticorrosion protective paints.The properties of nano-powders greatly depend on their phase,microstructure and surface character-istics.The importance of single phase iron oxide cannot be ignored as it is crucial for the accurate measurement of electricity and magnetism.In order to prepare homogenous nano-particles of iron oxide,researchers have employed in different routes to facilitate single-phase iron oxide nano-particles such as sol –gel processes [9],w/o microemulsion [10],combustion [11],solvothermal [12],hydro-thermal [13],precursor [14],solvent evaporation etc.However,these methods usually involve special equipment,high temperatures,and the tedious removal of impurities,which are all time-consuming and come at a high monetary cost.The Pechini process has been used for the preparation of nano or sub-micro powders in a variety of metal oxides using inorganic salts as precursors,citric acid as a chelating agent and polyethylene glycol (PEG)as cross-linking agent [15,16].The principle of the Pechini process is based on the ability of weak polybasic acids to chelate the metal ions.The chelates can undergo polyesteri fication with poly-hydroxyl alcohols to form a solid polymer resin with a homogeneous distribution of cations at molecule level [17].The highly branchedpolymer can reduce the cation mobility during heat treatment,so that the product with a good dispersion could be prepared.And Pechini method has better stoichiometric control,lower toxicity and cost.Hence,in the present work,we have carried out a systematic study on Pechini sol –gel method using polyethylene glycol-6000with citric acid for the synthesis of single-phase α-Fe 2O 3nano-powders.The thermal decomposition,microstructure and the crystallinity were respectively investigated by FTIR,TG-DTG-DSC,XRD and FESEM measurements.2.Experimental procedure 2.1.MaterialsCitric acid,FeSO 4·7H 2O and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000were of analytical grade and used without further puri fication.2.2.Chemical synthesisThe 0.025mol citric acid,0.005mol FeSO 4·7H 2O and 1.2g of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000were added to 50ml of distilled water and ethanol (99.7%).The volume ratio of distilled water to ethanol was 3:2.The mixture was vigorously stirred to obtain a clear yellow-coloured solution.The solution was evaporated at 85°C for 5h,and it turned into a viscous yellow-coloured polymeric gel (resin).Further,the resin was dried at 135°C for 5h and obtained the porous polymeric intermediates (dried gel).The resulting porous materials were calcined at 450,600,720°C for 5h to obtain Fe 2O 3nano-powders.Because the TG curve is different from DTG curve at 510°C,Materials Letters 65(2011)2062–2065⁎Corresponding author.Tel.:+8602986131722;fax:+8602986168059.E-mail address:wuyuanting@ (Y.Wu).0167-577X/$–see front matter ©2011Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2011.04.004Contents lists available at ScienceDirectMaterials Lettersj o u r na l ho m e p a g e :w w w.e l s ev i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /m a t l e tthe porous materials were then calcined at510°C for2h to show the immediate changes of crystal phase.2.3.Sample characterizationIR spectra were recorded with an FTIR spectrometer(BrukerVT0, Germany)in the range of400–4000cm−1on pressed disks using KBr as binding material.TG-DTG-DSC curves were recorded with thermal analyzer(STA409PC,Germany)in air at a heating rate of10°C/min, using a-Al2O3as a reference.The crystalline phases in calcined powders were identified by the XRD powder method using CuKa (D/max-2200PC,Japan),2θ=10–70°,λ=1.5406Å.The morphol-ogy of the powder was obtained using FE-SEM(JSM-6700F,Japan) micrograph.3.Results and discussionFig.1shows the FTIR spectra of the as prepared polymeric intermediates.The peak observed at3433cm−1is due to the presence of–OH groups in the citric acid and polyethylene glycol derivatives [18].The peak observed at2964cm−1is attributed to the asymmetric stretching of–CH2,–CH3groups present in the organic derivatives [19].The appearance of the band at1741cm−1for–COOH groups [15],the bands at1645and1448cm−1respectively for the asymmetric and symmetric stretching of C=O(△ν=197cm−1) [20],and the bands at1390and1168cm−1for–COO−and C–O strongly suggests that some–COOH groups in citric acid have reacted with polyethylene glycol or with metal ions,while some have not.On the other hand,the peak observed at1282cm−1is also ascribed to the esterification reaction between the citric acid and polyethylene glycol. And a broad band at about611cm−1is assigned to Fe–O in polymeric intermediates.The FTIR spectra revealed that△ν=197cm−1,so citric acid combined with metal ions mainly for the two-tooth complexing and bridge complexing[20].The probable Pechini process is sequential and consists of two steps.Thefirst step represents chelates formation, which initiates the uniform distribution of iron ions.The chelates undergo polyesterification with polyethylene glycol to grow into a polymer network.The polymeric structure is broken down and releases iron as Fe2O3in thefiring process.The–OH and–COOH groups are important for chelates formation.The–OH and–COOH groups easily form hydrogen bonds(–O H O=C).And the–COOH groups easily turn into–COO–groups which form chelates with metal ions.This method makes it simple to obtain phase-pure,ultra-fine powders in a few hours at a suitable temperature.TG-DTG and DSC analysis were performed to investigate the decomposition behavior of the precursor powders,which was due to heat treatment in air,and the thermograms are shown in Fig.2(a)and (b).The TG-DTG and DSC curves reveal that the decomposition occurs in three different weight-loss steps.Thefirst step,corresponding to1% weight-loss,is due to the vaporization of water at temperatures between25and200°C.The second step,corresponding to two exothermic peaks in the DSC curve accompanied by weight-loss of 69%,is observed from200to470°C.An endothermic peak at229°C indicates the deformation of the polymer network mainly due to polyethylene glycol breakup.The endothermic peak at398°C is due to the combustion of citric acid and polyethylene glycol derivatives and the formation of Fe2O3phase,and it is supported by XRD results. Finally,one exothermic peak observed at600°C in the DSC curve,is attributed to the formation of pureα-Fe2O3.It's also confirmed by the corresponding XRD patterns in Fig.3.This step has a weight-loss of 10%,which is due to combustion of the remaining organic compound.Fig.3shows the XRD patterns of powders calcined at different temperatures(450,510,600and720°C).From Fig.3,the observed peaks in XRD pattern for the powders calcined at450°C due to iron oxide.The strong signals at20.3°,24.6°,29.7°and32.6°2θare due to Fe2O3(JCPDS21-0920).Characteristic peaks of iron oxide (α-Fe2O3andγ-Fe2O3)appear in the powders calcined at510°C.The peaks at30.2°,35.6°,43.3°and63.1°2θbelong toγ-Fe2O3(JCPDS39-1346).The observed peaks at24.1°,33.1°,35.6°,40.8°,49.4°,54.0°, 57.5°,62.4°and63.9°2θfor the powders calcined at600°C and above are attributed to theα-Fe2O3(JCPDS33-0664)only.Crystallite size for the synthesized Fe2O3powders was calculated using Scherer's formula.Andγ-Fe2O3(110)peak was used at510°C,whileα-Fe2O3 Fig.1.FTIR spectra of the polymericintermediates.Fig.2.(a)TG-DTG and(b)DSC graphs of the polymeric intermediates.2063Y.Wu,X.Wang/Materials Letters65(2011)2062–2065(104)peak was used at 600and 720°C.It is found to be 21.5,28.9,and 31.0nm respectively for the Fe 2O 3powders calcined at 510,600and 720°C.Fig.4shows SEM images of the Fe 2O 3powders calcined at 450,600and 720°C.The polymeric intermediate has separated to particleswith more or less bridging polymeric materials by heating to 450°C,which is also evident from the TG-DTG and DSC curves and XRD patterns.The α-Fe 2O 3particles obtained at 600°C are spheres with around 30nm particle size.At 720°C,α-Fe 2O 3particles with 50to 100nm in diameter are formed,which are more agglomerated than the one prepared at 600°C.The above results show that remarkable grain growth occurred above 600°C.The particle size of Fe 2O 3calcined at 600°C estimated from FESEM is similar with that calculated from the XRD data.Therefore,the particle size of Fe 2O 3calcined at 720°C estimated from FESEM is larger than that calculated from the XRD data.4.ConclusionsIn summary,single-phase α-Fe 2O 3nano-particles have been synthesized via the Pechini sol –gel method in this paper.The thermal behavior observed in the TG-DTG and DSC curves shows the characteristic decomposition steps of the organic precursors whereas FTIR and XRD spectra are determinants for the detection of traces of Fe 2O 3.The α-Fe 2O 3and γ-Fe 2O 3phases began to form when the dried gel calcined at 450°C.The single phase α-Fe 2O 3nano-powders were obtained while calcined at 600°C and above.The effect of calcination temperature on particle size of synthesized Fe 2O 3nano-powders was investigated and the lowest particle size was found to be 30nm for the α-Fe 2O 3nano-powders calcined at 600°C.AcknowledgementThis study was supported by the Special Foundation of Educational Department of Shaanxi Province (No.09JK362)and the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No.2010JQ6006,No.2009JM6008).References[1]Wen XG,Wang SH,Ding Y,Wang ZL,Yang SH.Controlled growth of large-area,uniform,vertically aligned arrays of α-Fe 2O 3nanobelts and nanowires.J Phys Chem B 2005;109:215–20.[2]Feldmann C.Preparation of nanoscale pigment particles.Adv Mater 2001;13:1301–3.[3]Bell AT.The impact of nanoscience on heterogeneous catalysis.Science 2003;299:1688–91.[4]Yarahmadi SS,Tahir AA,Vaidhyanathan B,Wijayantha KGU.Fabrication ofnanostructured α-Fe 2O 3electrodes using ferrocene for solar hydrogen generation.Mater Lett 2009;63:523–6.[5]Wang Y,Cao JL,Wang SR,Guo XZ,Zhang J,Xia HJ,et al.Facile synthesis of porousα-Fe 2O 3nanorods and their application in ethanol sensors.J Phys Chem C 2008;112:17804–8.[6]Neri G,Bonavita A,Galvagno S,Siciliano P,Capone S.CO and NO 2sensingproperties of doped-Fe 2O 3thin films prepared by LPD.Sens Acturators B 2002;82:40–7.[7]Jing ZH,Wu SH.Preparation and magnetic properties of spherical α-Fe 2O 3nanoparticles via a non-aqueous medium.Mater Chem Phys 2005;92:600–3.[8]Zhang ZH,Hossain MF,Takahashi T.Self-assembled hematite (α-Fe 2O 3)nanotubearrays for photoelectrocatalytic degradation of azo dye under simulated solar light irradiation.Appl Catal B Environ 2010;95:423–9.[9]Liu XQ,Tao SW,Shen YS.Preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline α-Fe 2O 3by a sol –gel process.Sens Actuators B 1997;40:161–5.[10]Chin AB,Yaacob II.Synthesis and characterization of magnetic iron oxidenanoparticles via w/o microemulsion and Massart's procedure.J Mater Process Tech 2007;191:235–7.[11]Sonavane SU,Gawande MB,Deshpande SS,Venkataraman A,Jayaram RV.Chemoselective transfer hydrogenation reactions over nanosized γ-Fe 2O 3catalyst prepared by novel combustion route.Catal Commun 2007;8:1803–6.[12]Chaianansutcharit S,Mekasuwandumrong O,Praserthdam P.Synthesis of Fe 2O 3nanoparticles in different reaction media.Ceram Int 2007;33:697–9.[13]Hu CQ,Gao ZH,Yang XR.Facile synthesis of single crystalline α-Fe 2O 3ellipsoidalnanoparticles and its catalytic performance for removal of carbon monoxide.Mater Chem Phys 2007;104:429–33.[14]Rockenberger J,Scher EC,Alivisatos AP.A new nonhydrolytic single-precursorapproach to surfactant-capped nanocrystals of transition metal oxides.J Am Chem Soc 1999;121:11595–6.[15]Vivekanandhan S,Venkateswarlu M,Satyanarayana N,Suresh P,Nagaraju DH,Munichandraiah N.Effect of calcining temperature on the electrochemical performance of nanocrystalline LiMn 2O 4powders prepared by polyethylene glycol (PEG-400)assisted Pechini process.Mater Lett 2006;60:3212–6.Fig.3.XRD patterns of Fe 2O 3powders calcined at differenttemperatures.Fig.4.SEM images of Fe 2O 3nano powders calcined at (a)450°C;(b)600°C;(c)720°C.2064Y.Wu,X.Wang /Materials Letters 65(2011)2062–2065[16]Mariappan CR,Galven C,Crosnier-Lopez MP,Berre FL,Bohnke O.Synthesis ofnanostructured LiTi2(PO4)3powder by a Pechini-type polymerizable complex method.J Solid State Chem2006;179:450–6.[17]Wang X,Chen XY,Gao LS,Zheng HG,Ji MR,Shen T,et al.Citric acid-assisted sol–gelsynthesis of nanocrystalline LiMn2O4spinel as cathode material.J Cryst Growth 2003;256:123–7.[18]Kemp anic spectroscopy.3rd ed.New York:Palgrave;2002.[19]Hon YM,Fung KZ,Lin SP,Hon MH.Effects of metal ion sources on synthesis andelectrochemical performance of spinel LiMn2O4using tartaric acid gel process.J Solid State Chem2002;163:231–8.[20]Nakamoto K.Infrared spectra of inorganic and coordination compounds.2nd ed.New York:Wiley;1970.2065Y.Wu,X.Wang/Materials Letters65(2011)2062–2065。

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溶胶凝胶法制备llzo
(实用版)
目录
1.溶胶凝胶法简介
2.溶胶凝胶法制备 LLZO 的过程
3.LLZO 的特性和应用
4.总结
正文
一、溶胶凝胶法简介
溶胶凝胶法是一种制备陶瓷材料的常用方法,它通过将高化学活性组分的化合物经过溶液、溶胶、凝胶而固化,再经热处理而成为氧化物或其它化合物固体。

这种方法具有制作过程简单、成本低、环境友好等优点,被广泛应用于陶瓷、玻璃、氧化物涂层等领域。

二、溶胶凝胶法制备 LLZO 的过程
LLZO(La0.5Li0.5ZrO3)是一种具有高介电常数、低损耗和宽频带应用的陶瓷材料。

近年来,溶胶凝胶法被成功应用于 LLZO 的制备。

制备过程主要分为以下几个步骤:
1.配料:按照一定的摩尔比例将 La2O3、Li2O 和 ZrO2 混合均匀,形成初始粉末。

2.溶胶:将初始粉末放入适量的水中,通过搅拌使粉末充分溶解,形成溶液。

3.凝胶:在溶液中加入适量的醇类或糖类作为凝胶剂,继续搅拌,使溶液逐渐转变为凝胶状。

4.成型:将凝胶状物质倒入模具中,进行成型处理。

5.干燥:将成型后的样品放入干燥器中,进行干燥处理,使其中的溶剂挥发掉。

6.烧结:将干燥后的样品放入高温炉中,进行烧结处理,使其形成致密的 LLZO 陶瓷。

三、LLZO 的特性和应用
LLZO 陶瓷具有优良的介电性能,其介电常数随温度的升高而减小,具有较低的损耗和宽的频带。

这些性能使得 LLZO 在电子元器件、大容量电容器、微波通信、光学器件等领域具有广泛的应用前景。

四、总结
溶胶凝胶法作为一种高效、环保的制备陶瓷材料的方法,在制备 LLZO 陶瓷方面具有广泛的应用前景。

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