考研阅读精读笔记(98Passage Four - 99)
1998考研阅读passage3
1998考研阅读passage3题目内容：阅读理解Passage 3，内容如下：In a country park, an experienced photographer, Bill, noticed a snake and took a picture of it. Later, he shared the photo with his friends, who recognized it as a rare and endangered species.Bill, feeling responsible for the snake's safety, contacted the local authorities and informed them of the photo. They responded promptly and set up a team to investigate the situation. Upon arrival, they found that the snake was indeed a rare species and that it had been relocated to a safe location.Questions:1. What is the main idea of this passage?2. How did Bill become aware of the snake?3. What was the significance of Bill's actions?4. Who recognized the snake as a rare and endangered species?5. How did the local authorities respond to Bill's report?6. Who set up a team to investigate the situation?7. Where was the snake relocated to?回答：1. This passage is about a photographer who noticed a rare and endangered snake in a country park and took a photo of it, which led to his actions to protect the snake and inform authorities.2. Bill became aware of the snake when he noticed it while taking pictures in the country park.3. Bill's actions were significant because he recognized the importance of protecting the snake and took immediate action to contact authorities and ensure its safety.4. His friends recognized the snake as a rare and endangered species.5. The local authorities responded promptly by setting up a team to investigate the situation and ensure the snake's safety.6. The authorities themselves set up a team to investigate the situation.7. The snake was relocated to a safe location, but the specific location is not mentioned in the passage.。
考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记（一）
众所周知，考研是⼈⽣的⼀次重新洗牌和重⼤机遇，⽽在考研的四门课程中，英语成了许多考⽣前进征途上的⼀只凶猛拦路虎和⼗分困难的羁跘与障碍。
详细分析历年考研英语试卷，⼜可以发现主要⽭盾在于阅读（占60％的分数），故可谓：得阅读者得天下。
阅读的60分细分为Part A、Part B 和Part C，其中Part A为四篇阅读理解，占40分，是阅读理解考试中的主战场。
那么，阅读Part A有没有什么技巧呢？ 技巧⼀：看懂 阅读理解其实主要考的是“阅读”之后的“理解”，所以，看得懂乃是第⼀项技巧。
任何⼀篇⽂章，若要能看懂它，⾄少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明⽩句⼦。
单词就像盖房的砖⽡，考研词汇⼤约为5500个，这不是⼀个⼩数字，也并⾮三两天时间可以记住的，所以，考⽣必须先买⼀本考研英语词汇书进⾏系统、长期的学习和记忆。
（推荐《考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆》，该书打破了传统考研词汇书按字母顺序排序的做法，⽽是采⽤历年真题作为单词出现频率的统计依据，将所有⼤纲单词及超纲单词按照历年真题出现的频率从⾼到低排列，⽽且全部按照考过的不同词义配不同的真题例句，可以使学⽣⽤最少的时间获得的学习效果）。
拿到词汇书之后，⾸先⽤⼤约⼀周的时间把这些单词中你根本不认识的挑出来，如rear，tedious，deteriorate，plausible，jargon，isotope，……，（因为这些单词你可能完全不认识，看到之后两眼漆⿊，所以称之为“⿊”字）。
“⿊”字是阅读的头⼀个障碍，单词不认识，句⼦当然看不懂，所以，消灭“⿊”字是当务之急。
（争取⽤⼀个⽉左右的时间消灭它们！） 考研词汇中，除“⿊”字外，还有⼤量意思⾮常明⽩的所谓“⽩”字，如：able，benefit，culture，space，topic，……。
此类单词可⼀掠⽽过，除“⿊”（完全不认识）和“⽩”（完全明⽩）字两类外，还有许多似会不会的“灰”字，如：treaty，tutor，sample，saddle，fuss，……。
考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1998年part5
Part FiveScattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from earth other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures（cracks）; in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability（inconstancy）.17. The author believes that _____ .A）the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth's interiorB）the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be trueC）the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directionsD）the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart18. That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact that _____ .A）the two continents are still moving in opposite directionsB）they have been found to share certain geological featuresC）the African plates has been stable for 30 million yearsD）over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe19. The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining _____ .A）the structure of the African plates B）the revival of dead volcanoesC）the mobility of the continents D）the formation of new oceans20. The passage is mainly about _____ .A）the features of volcanic activitiesB）the importance of the theory about drifting platesC）the significance of hot spots in geophysical studiesD）the process of the formation of volcanoesUnit 5 （1998）Part 5重点词汇：1. interior （内部的；内部）←inter+ior，inter“在⾥⾯”，-ior后缀, n.2. milestone （⾥程碑）←mile+stone。
1998年考研英语阅读第一篇
The article “1998年考研英语阅读第一篇” takes us back to the year when the first English reading test for postgraduate admissions in China was issued. The test was challenging, and many candidates struggled to understand the passages. In this article, we will examine the difficulty level of the test, the factors that contributed to it, and the impact it had on postgraduate admissions.The first paragraph will introduce the article's subject, giving some necessary background information. The next paragraph will describe the test's difficulty level, explaining the reasons why so many candidates found it challenging. The third paragraph will examine the impact the test had on postgraduate admissions, how it affected universities' enrolment policies and students' choices of majors. The fourth paragraph will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the test's difficulty level, how it encourages students to improve their English skills but also hinders their academic progress. The last paragraph will conclude the article, summarizing the main points and providing some final thoughts on the topic.In 1998, China introduced the English reading test for postgraduate admissions. This test aimed to assess students' English proficiency and their ability to read academic articles in English. The first test's difficulty level was higher than expected, leading to a nationwide outcry among candidates who regarded it as unfair and discriminatory.One reason why the test was so difficult was its vocabulary. The passages contained many uncommon words and idioms that confounded many candidates, even those who had excellent English skills. Another reason was the complexity of the sentences. Many sentences were long, convoluted, and hard to follow, making it challenging for candidates to extract the essential meaning from the text.The impact of the test was significant. Some universities adjusted their enrolment policies to ensure that candidates with good English scores had a better chance of admission. Others lowered the English proficiency requirements or removed the reading test altogether. The test's difficulty level also influenced students' choices of majors, as many decided to study subjects that did not require advanced English skills.Although the test's difficulty level was controversial, it had some advantages. It incentivized students to improve their English skills, encouraging them to read more challenging texts and seek guidance from tutors. However, it also hindered their academic progress, as many struggled to keep up with their homework and coursework due to their limited English proficiency.In conclusion, the 1998 English reading test was an important landmark in China's educational history, setting the bar high for postgraduate admissions and inspiring many students to improve their English skills. However, its difficulty level also raised concerns about its fairness and effectiveness, leading to changes in admission policies and students' academic choices.。
考研英语真题——98阅读最难篇
这篇⽂章较难理解，同学们应该照我下列的三层思路疏通该⽂： 1.这篇⽂章的第⼀段是总论，指出科学与其它社会⽂化之间的⽭盾很严峻。
2.第234段描述科学家们反击其它部门，斥之为反科学（antiscience）。
3.第567段则指出科学家们的树敌范围过宽，按⽂末哈佛⼀学者的话说，“所有那些烦扰或威胁那些⾃以为更开明的⼈（指科学家）的⼈”都会被贴上反科学的帽⼦。
接着再去思考末尾的问题Q62，答案选哪个？ Passage3 Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileo's17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church of poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has，if anything，deepened in this century. Until recently，the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics but no longer. As funding for science has declined，scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books，notably Higher Superstition，by Paul R.Gross，a biologist at the University of Virginia，and Norman Levitt，a mathematician at Rutgers University； and The Demon-Haunted World，by Car Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason，”held in New York City in1995，and “Science in the Age of（Mis）information，”which assembled last June near Buffalo. Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily withsociologists，philosophers and other academics who have questioned science's objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts，creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in1996reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well，from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber，whose manifesto，published in1995，scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience，as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest. The environmentalists，inevitably，respond to such critics. The true enemies of science，argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University，a pioneer of environmental studies，are those who question the evidence supporting global warming，the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. Indeed，some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term 'antiscience' can lump together too many，quite different things，”notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his1993work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened.” 62.The author's attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience” is .A. impartialB. subjectiveC. biasedD. puzzling 这道题涉及作者对“科学pk其它⽂化”这个⽭盾的态度。
考研英语真题详解98_99年
1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题一、文章总体分析本文在关于工业革命对英国人民生活的影响问题上提出了两种对立的观点。
第一段讲述了第一种观点，是大部分历史学家的看法，即工业革命的直接结果是给英国大多数人民带来了普遍的贫穷和苦难。
第二段讲述的是另一种人普遍持有的观点，即工业革命不但没有加重这种贫困，反而使绝大多数人的生活得到了改善。
二、试题具体解析1.[A] admitted承认[B] believed相信，认为[C] claimed声称[D] predicted预言[答案] A[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义 + 动词词义辨析。
难度：0.54文章开篇指出：Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution，接着第二句又谈到，in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living。
显然，后一句是对前一句的让步。
第三句又以But开头，暗示与第二句有转折关系。
因此可以肯定，这里要表达的意思是历史学家不得不承认既成事实。
四个选项中，首先排除predicted，因为句子时态是过去时，表明"提高人们的生活水平"已经是事实，不存在"预测"了；其次believed和claimed都是表达人们肯定态度的词语，它们和首句所表达的含义自相矛盾；因此只有admitted可以承接上下文，表示一种让步，意为"直到最近，大多数的历史学家对工业革命仍持强烈的批评态度。
尽管他们承认从长远角度来看，工业革命已大大地提高了一般人的生活水平。
"2.[A] plain（man）衣着朴素或相貌平平的人[B] average（man）平民，普通人[C] mean平均的，吝啬的，卑鄙的[D] normal（man）正常人[答案] B[解析] 本题考核的知识点是：形容词词义辨析。
考研英语1998阅读及翻译
1998 Passage 1Few creation s of big technology c aptur e the imagination like giant dam s. 11. . Per Perhaps haps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and dr ought that makes the ideal of forcing the water s to do our bid ding so fascinating . But to be fascinated is also, also, sometimes, to sometimes, to be blind. Sever al giant dam pr projects thr ojects thr ojects threaten to eaten to do mor more har e har e harm than good. m than good.在重大技术所在重大技术所创造创造的东西中很少能像大型的东西中很少能像大型水坝水坝这样让人痴迷的。
可能正是因为人类长期遭受洪水和干旱灾害的摆布才灾害的摆布才迫使迫使人们治理江河、供我驱策的理想如此供我驱策的理想如此令人痴迷令人痴迷。
但让人着迷有时也就使人盲目。
有几个巨型大坝项目就有弊大于利的危险。
The The lesson lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. 2. It doesn't help thatbuilding a big, powerful dam has bec building a big, powerful dam has become a ome a ome a symbol symbol of ac of achievement for nations and hievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt's leader ship in the Ar Arab ab world was cement ed by the Aswan High Dam. Tur ed by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's key's key's bid for bid for First World First World status status includes the giant Atatur Ataturk Dam. k Dam.建造大坝的建造大坝的教训教训是：大的未必总是美的。
1998年考研英语阅读第三篇
1998年考研英语阅读第三篇In 1998, the third English reading passage for postgraduate entrance exams delved into the complexities of urban life. It highlighted the rapid pace and the challenges it posed to the individual's sense of belonging.The passage described how city dwellers often felt disconnected despite the bustling crowds. It examined the paradox of loneliness in a metropolis, where one could be surrounded by millions yet still feel isolated.Moreover, the text explored the impact of urbanization on community structures. It pointed out that the traditional sense of community was being eroded by the impersonal nature of city living.Additionally, the reading material touched upon the role of technology in shaping urban interactions. It discussed how advancements in communication technology, while connecting people globally, often replaced face-to-face interactions, further contributing to the sense of detachment.The author also considered the psychological effects of urban living, noting an increase in stress and mental health issues as a consequence of the constant pressure to perform and adapt to the city's demands.Furthermore, the passage suggested that urban residentswere seeking new ways to foster a sense of community. It mentioned the rise of interest in local events, community gardens, and neighborhood associations as a response to the urban alienation.Lastly, the reading concluded with a call for urban planners and policymakers to consider the social implications of their designs. It emphasized the need for creating spaces that promote social interaction and a sense of community within the urban fabric.The 1998 passage was a thought-provoking exploration of the urban experience, prompting examinees to reflect on the changing dynamics of human interaction in the modern world.。
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考研阅读精读笔记（98Passage Four - 99）(2009-06-30 17:58:21)Passage FourL:census n.人口普查regional a.地区的region n.standstill n.停止in years ahead 将来enthrone vt.使加冕；使登王位；使成为最高/最大/最强...densely ad.稠密地；密集地dense a.populate = inhabit vt.居住the most densely populated region 人口最密集的地区the most thinly populated area 人口最稀少的地区counting n.计数，计算，数数count v.numerically ad.数字地，数目地numerical a.add up to = amount to 总计，达到except for 除了the Depression (1929-1932)大萧条migrate v. 迁徙，移动migration n.migrant n.迁徙者；候鸟belt n.带，地带，腰带be attributed to 被归因于nonstop a.不停顿的wave n.浪潮；波浪immigrant n.移民immigrate v.crop n.庄稼，作物；一批baby boom 婴儿潮，婴儿出生高峰child-bearing a.生育孩子的demographer n.人口学家demography n.人口学vast a.广大的，大的respectively ad.各自地respective a.be composed of 由...构成，包括square n./a.正方形；广场；平方per square mile 每平方英里crowded a.拥挤crowdedness n.bearable a.能承受的，能忍受的dramatize v.戏剧化的表达；清楚地表达/表现spacious a.宽敞的smog n.烟雾plague n.弊端；瘟疫；灾难；祸患urbanization n. 城市化，都市化urbanize v.the Golden State 指Californiatwo thirds 三分之二one fifth 五分之一discern v.看，分辨perplex v.使困惑net a.净的，纯的witness vt.见证；目击n.证人unparalleled a.无与伦比的bring sth to a standstill 让sth停下来highlight = spotlight vt.凸显；强调pursuit n.追逐；追求pursue v.elaborate v.精心制作；详细阐述unanimously ad.一致地，无例外地unanimous a.in favor of 支持，赞同；喜欢conservative n.保守者 a.保守的cling to = stick to 坚持S:Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. =1980 census statistics do not more dramatize the American search for spacious living anywhere than in the Far West.比起遥远的西部，在其他任何地方，1980年的人口普查数据都不会更清楚的表现美国人对宽敞的居住条件的追求。
在遥远的西部，1980年的人口普查数据能最清楚的表现美国人对宽敞的居住条件的追求。
Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided, America in l970s witnessed a southwestern shift of population.从1980年的人口普查所提供的、关于人口增长的、令人困惑的情况来看，二十世纪七十年代的美国见证了人口向西南方向的迁移。
W:Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population.在人口增长率方面，亚利桑那州在各州当中位居第二。
China ranks first of all countries in population.在人口方面，中国在全世界位居第一。
Passage FiveL:globe n.世界；地球仪global a.isolate v.使孤立；隔离isolation n.volcanic a.火山的volcano n.火山A named/called/termedB 被（人们）称作B的AA known asB 被（人们）称作B的AA known to sb asB 被sb称作B的Ageologist n.地质学家boundary n.边界drift v./n.飘移plate n.板块；盘子make up 构成，组成surface n.表面on the contrary 相反lie vi.位于；躺interior n./a.内部past prep.通过，经过milestone n.里程碑floor n.底部；地板complementary a.补充的，互补的complement v.coast n.海岸coastline n.海岸线continent n.大洲，大陆continental a.join v.连接relative a.相对的motion n./v.移动construct v.构建；建造with respect to 关于，对于，至于opposite a./n.相反stationary a.静止的anchor v.停留，停泊；固定n.锚frame n.框架geophysical a.地球物理的propel v.推动，驱动propulsion n.across prep.横穿，跨越dome n.隆起；圆屋顶mutability n.可突变性mutate v.变异；突变inconstancy n.易变性，可变性correspond to A 与A相对应；与A相符deduce v.推断，推导deduction n.stable a.稳定的stability n.Just as ..., so ... 正如...，...也Just as the Chinese have the Spring Festival for family reunions, so westerners have their Christmas. 正如中国人有春节可以进行家人团聚，西方人也有他们的圣诞节。
W:A is a reminder of B. A让人们想到B。
Dogs are often reminders of loyalty. 狗常常让人们想到忠诚。
That ... is now beyond dispute. 无可置疑，...That the Internet has considerably changed our life is now beyond dispute.无可置疑，互联网已经大大改变了我们的生活。
1999Passage OneL:rough a.粗糙的；粗鲁的；粗暴的；粗略的；混乱的；艰难的step vi.走n.步；步骤slip v.滑，滑倒doormat n.门口的脚垫light up 点燃；照亮stove n.炉子luckily ad.幸运的是warn/caution sb of A 提醒某人注意Awarn/caution of A 提醒人们注意Awarn/caution sb that 提醒某人注意warn/caution that 提醒人们注意caution v. = warn 警告，提醒n.小心，谨慎cautious a. 小心的，谨慎的coming a.即将到来的disaster n.灾难disastrous a.lawsuit = suit n.诉讼；起诉sue vt. 诉讼；起诉compensate v. 赔偿compensation n.赔偿；赔偿金or conj.或许，或者hold sb liable for sth 让sb为sth负责misfortune n.不幸ever-longer a.越来越长的stepladder n.人字梯inch n.英寸foot n.英尺；脚among other things 除了其他因素/事物federal a.联邦的regulation n.规则，规矩regulate v.调整，规范，管理protect sb from sth 使sb免受sthtake sb to court 把sb告上法庭claim n./v.索赔side with = support vt.支持defendant n.被告paralyze v.麻痹，瘫痪paralysis n.game n.比赛；游戏helmet n.头盔substantial a.大的，重大的；相当数额的；牢固的；丰盛的carry substantial weight 极有分量，很重要issue v.发布；发行tort law 侵权法lengthy a.冗长的a sea of 大量的triviality n.无关紧要的细节；琐碎trivial a. 无关紧要的；琐碎的draft v./n.起草；草稿moderate a.不过分的；适度的；有节制的have one’s way得偿所愿，实现relieve sb of sth 减轻sb的sth (sth：通常指不好的事物，如负担，债务等) manufacturer n.制造商manufacture n./v.制造inadequacy n.不足inadequate a.feel obliged to do 感到不得不做demonstrate v. demonstration n.eventually ad.最终discard v.抛弃W:Now the tide appears to be turning. 现在潮流似乎正在逆转。
A might lose popularity with people. A可能会不再受欢迎。
A enjoys (great) popularity with people. A(极)受欢迎。