名利场的翻译
名利场杨必
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感, 而且“微笑的心, 慷慨的心”也不符合汉语的搭配习惯, 杨女 士将 heart分译作四个词, 分别与各个形容词搭配, 译文明快畅 达, 叫人不得不佩服她的中文造诣。
译文符合人物身份及性格
• • • •个严肃古 板的老女人, 她平时威风凛凛, 高高在上, 给人一种 冷冰冰的感觉。从平克顿小姐给爱米丽亚父母的信 和她平时说话腔调的翻译处理中不难看出平克顿小 姐的咬文嚼字, 卖弄学问, 威严冷酷, 声色俱厉。译 文合乎平克顿小姐的身份和性格。同时这段译文也 反映了译者有很强的幕仿力, 能较准确地表达再现 各体文风。
措辞(diction) 措辞
a glance of her eyes 眼风 in an intercepted note 被人发现 caused a great flutter 不由得心慌意乱 never could thoroughly believe …将信将疑
• All which details, I have no doubt, JONES, who reads • this book at his Club, will pronounce to be excessively foolish, trivial, twiddling, and ultrasentimental. • 译文: 琼斯在他的俱乐部里看这本书的时候, 一定会骂他们琐碎、无聊 , 全是废话, 而且异乎寻常的肉麻。 • Sentimental 在字典里是没有“肉麻”的解释的, 杨女士能打破 • 字的桎梏, 翻译的灵活而又富于创造性, 是经过思考的结果。
浅析《名利场》杨必译本的翻译
浅析《名利场》杨必译本的翻译作者：张敏来源：《青年与社会》2014年第15期【摘要】杨必根据汉语的语义结构，对句子作适当的调整，使得整部译作流利晓畅，将英语译成地道、自然的汉语。
【关键词】英汉“主语”异同；主语的省略；转换和对应思果先生曾评价道：“杨必女士译的萨克雷的《名利场》是真正难得看到的佳译。
杨译不仅真实再现了原文的艺术风格和语言特色，而且熟练地使用地道、流畅的汉语，忠实地描述了资本主义社会就是一个弱肉强食、争名夺利的“名利场”，传达了原作幽默、讽刺的意味，再现了原作的思想倾向。
一、主语的省略英语是主语显著的语言，而汉语是主题显著的语言，所以汉语中有很多无主句。
翻开“Vanity Fair”，我们可以看到几乎每个句子都有主语。
杨必一定意识到了汉语的这种意合特征，所以好多句都译得特别简洁，能省略的决不保留。
例1：You may be sure that she showed Rebecca over every room of the house，and everything in everyone of her drawers.不用说，她带着利蓓加参观家里的每一间屋子，又打开抽屉把一样样东西翻出来给她瞧。
例2：“It is some of Sedley’s wine，”whispered the butler to his master.佣人头儿轻轻对主人说：“是赛特笠的酒。
”例句一中，主语“you”是虚指，没有实在意义，可以指代任何看到这部作品的人。
为了突显“主题”，所以译文中没有必要将其译出。
例句二中，“it”这个代词，在这里代替上文提到过的事物，既然已经提及，就没有赘述的必要了。
二、主语的转换“人称主语”和“物称主语”也可分别称为“有灵主语”（animate subject）和“无灵主语”（inanimate subject）。
英语中的“无灵主语”可以是事物名称，抽象概念，也可以是代表时间和地点的名词，还可以是表外因和工具的词；而汉语要表达同样的意思却往往直接用人来作主语。
[英国文学作品]英国文学
![[英国文学作品]英国文学](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d32b940017fc700abb68a98271fe910ef12dae45.png)
[英国文学作品]英国文学英国文学篇(1):10部英国经典小说10. 《名利场》Vanity Fair (William Makepeace Thackeray, 1848)威廉·梅克皮斯·萨克雷，1848年出版这部小说的主角或许就是英国文学史上最知名的非正统派女主角——贝奇·夏普，小说的情节围绕阶级、社会、跻身上流社会以及现代读者听来又熟悉又害怕的金融危机。
《名利场》这些要素全都具备, 讲述那个年代，也讲述着每一个年代。
9. 《科学怪人》Frankenstein (Mary Shelley, 1818)玛莉·雪莱，1818年出版这部先锋作品集科幻和哥特式恐怖于一身，营造了一个难以磨灭的“恶魔”主题，即科学家中的“现代普罗米修斯”，几世纪以来经久不衰。
8. 《大卫·科波菲尔》David Copperfield (Charles Dickens, 1850)查尔斯·狄更斯，1850年出版David Copperfield is populated by some of the most vivid characters ever created. They are as much a part of readers’ world, and their way of thinking about the world, as people they have actually met.《大卫·科波菲尔》人物形象众多，性格鲜活的角色云集。
这些人物角色仿佛是读者所在真实世界的一部分，和读者亲身遇见的人一样，有着相似的世界观。
7. 《呼啸山庄》Wuthering Heights (Emily Bront, 1847)艾米莉·勃朗特，1847年出版《呼啸山庄》“蕴含巨大的心理能量，没有其它书籍能够与之匹敌。
”读者推崇《呼啸山庄》是因为其“层层叠叠的叙述结构”和丰富惊人的想象力，更因为《呼啸山庄》超越了爱情故事本身，展现了我们转瞬即逝的欲望之下“永恒的震撼”。
名著中英文对译
名著中英文对译gone with the wind 飘Jane.eyre 简。
爱The scarlet letter 红字The adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆索亚历险记Lady Chatterley's Lover 查太莱夫人的情人Tales of two cities 双城记Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Uncle Tom's Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋The old man and the sea 老人与海爱丽丝漫游记The Adventures of Alice in Wonderl and安徒生童话集Anderson's Fairy Tales傲慢与偏见Pride and Prejudice愤怒的葡萄Grapes of Wrath格利佛游记Gulliver's Travels格林童话集Grimm's Fairy Tales根Roots航空港Airport呼啸山庄Wuthering Heights环绕世界八十天Around the World in Eighty Days嘉丽妹妹Sister Carrie简·爱Jane Eyre罗滨逊漂流记Robinson Crusoe名利场Vanity Fair牛虻The Gadfly飘（乱世佳人）Gone with the Wind圣经的故事The Story of the Bible双城记A Tale of Two Cities苔丝姑娘Tess of the D' ubervilles天方夜谭(Tales from) The Arabian Nights汤姆叔叔的小屋Uncle Tom's Cabin汤姆索亚历险记The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 王子与贫儿The Prince and the Pauper雾都孤儿Oliver Twist伊索寓言Aesop's Fables远大前程The Great Expectations月亮宝石The Moonstone最后的诊断The Final DiagnosisCharles Darwin (by Carla Greene) 查尔斯;达尔文John F. Kennedy (by Charles P. Graves) 约翰;肯尼迪King Arthur and His Knights (by William Kottmey er) 亚瑟王和他的骑士One Million Pound (by Mark Twain) 百万英镑Robin Hood (adapted by Michael West) 罗宾汉Rip Van Winkle (adapted by Michael West) 里普;范;温格尔Stories from the Sands of Africa (adapted by Mic hael West) 非洲沙漠的故事Tales from the Arabian Nights (adapted by Micha el West) 天方夜谭The Canterbury Tales (adapted by Michael West)坎特伯雷故事集The House of a Thousand Lanterns (by Victoria Holt) 千灯府The Legends of Ancient Rome 古罗马的传说The Mystery of the Island (by Jules Verne) 神秘的海岛The Seventh Key 第七把钥匙Three Men on the Bummel (by K. Jerome) 三人出游记Tom Jones (by Henry Fielding) 汤姆;琼斯Airport (by Arthur Hailey) 航空港Around the World in Eighty Days (by Jules Verne)环绕世界八十天A Separate Peace (by John Knowles) 独自和解Daisy Miller (by H. James) 黛丝密勒Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (by R. L. Stevenson) 化身博士Flowers for Mrs. Harris (by Paul Gallico) 献给哈里斯夫人的鲜花Frankenstein (by Mary Shelly) 弗兰肯斯特Hatter's Castle (by A. J. Cronin) 帽商的城堡Little Tom (by B. Bell & D. Bell) 小汤姆Lucky Jim (by Kingsley Amis) 幸运的吉姆The Adventures of Alice in Wonderland (by Lewis Carrol) 艾丽斯漫游记The Black Tulip (by Alexandre Dumas) 黑郁金香The Life of Abraham Lincoln (by Stegan Lorant) 林肯传The Mill on the Floss (by George Eliot) 弗洛斯河上的磨坊The Prince and the Pauper (by Mark Twain) 王子和贫儿The Red Badge of Courage (by Stephen Crane) 红色英勇勋章The Scapegoat (by Daphne Du Maurier) 替罪羊The Sign of Indra 印达拉神像Thirty-nine Steps (by John Buchan) 三十九级台阶Three Men in a Boat (by J. K. Jerome) 三人同舟Tom Brown's Schooldays (by Thomas Hughes) 汤姆;布朗的求学时代Witch (by George Mackay Brown) 女巫Aesop's Fables 伊索寓言Anderson's Fairy Tales 安徒生通话选Compell's Kingdom (by Hammond Innes) 坎伯尔王国Frontiers of Science 科学的新领域Grimm's Fairy Tales 格林通话选Hotel (by Arthur Hailey) 旅馆Jamaica Inn (by Daphne Du Maurier) 牙买加旅店Popular Science Readings 英语科普小品Roots (by Alex Harley) 根Stories from Shakespeare (adapted by H. G. Wya tt) 莎士比亚戏剧故事集The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin (by Mark Twa in) 哈克贝里芬历险记The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (by Mark Twain)汤姆索亚历险记The “Caine” Mutiny (by Herman Wink) “该隐”号兵变记The Citadel (by A. J. Cronin) 堡垒The Good Soldier Schweik (by Jaroslav Hasek, tr ans. By Paul Selver) 好兵帅克The Moonstone (by Wilkie Collins) 月亮宝石The Pearl (by John Steinbeck) 珍珠The Story of Madame Curie ( by Alice Thorne) 居里夫人传Uncle Tom's Cabin (by H. Beecher Stowe) 汤姆叔叔的小屋Anna Karenina (by Leo Tolstoy) 安娜;卡列尼娜A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens) 双城记David Copperfield (by Charles Dickens) 大卫考伯菲尔德Emma (by Jane Austen) 爱玛Far from the Madding Crowd (by Thomas Hardy)远离尘嚣Frenchman's Creek (by Charles Dickens) 法国人的小港湾Great Expectations (by Charles Dickens) 远大前程Gulliver's Travels (by Jonathan Swift) 格利佛游记Jane Eyre (by Charlotte Bronte) 简爱Jaws (by Peter Benchley) 大白鲨Lucky Jim (by Kinsley Amis) 幸运的吉姆Nicholas Nickleby (by Charles Dickens) 尼古拉斯.尼克尔贝Mary Barton (by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell) 玛丽.巴顿Monte Cristo (by Alexandre Dumas) 基度山伯爵Oliver Twist (by Charles Dickens) 雾都孤儿Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen) 傲慢与偏见Rebecca (by Daphne Du Maurier) 蝴蝶梦Silas Marner (by George Eliot) 塞拉斯.马纳Tess of the D'ubervilles (by Thomas Hardy) 德伯家的苔丝The Green Years (by A. Cronin) 青春的岁月The Hunckback of Notre Dame (by Victor Hugo) 巴黎圣母院The Mayor of Casterbridge (by Thomas Hardy) 卡斯特桥市长The Three Musketeers (by Alexandre Dumas) 三个火枪手Treasure Island (by R. L. Steveson) 金银岛Vanity Fair (by W. M. Thackeray) 名利场Woman in White (by Wilkie Collins) 白衣女人Wuthering Heights (by Emily Bronte) 呼啸山庄Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (by Lewis Carro l) 艾丽斯漫游记Child's History of England (by Charles Dickens) 儿童英国史Good-bye, Mr. Chips (by James Hilton) 再会，契普斯先生INTERPOL (by Peter G. Lee) 国际警察组织Robinson Crusoe (by Daniel Defoe) 鲁滨逊漂流记The Gadfly (by E. L. Voynich) 牛虻The Story of the Bible (by Van Loon) 圣经的故事The Story of Mankind (by H. William Van Loon) 人类的故事The Great Road (by Agnes Smedley) 伟大的道路一般原著An Inspector Calls (by J. B. Priestley) 罪恶之家An Invisible Man (by H. G. Wells) 隐身人A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens) 双城记David Copperfield (by Charles Dickens) 大卫.考伯菲尔德Emma (by Jane Austen) 爱玛Gone with the Wind (by Margaret Mitchell) 飘Gulliver's Travels (by Jonathan Swift) 格利佛游记Hotel (by Arthur Hailey) 旅馆Oliver Twist (by Charles Dickens) 雾都孤儿Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen) 傲慢与偏见Pygmalion (by Bernald Shaw) 茶花女Red Star over China (by Edgar Snow) 西行漫记Roots (by Alex Haley) 根Selected Readings from D. H. Lawrence 劳伦斯作品选读The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin (by mark Twa in) 哈克.贝里芬历险记The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (by Mark Twain)汤姆.索亚历险记The Jungle (by Upton Sinclair) 丛林The Old Man and The Sea (by Ernest Hemingwa y) 老人与海The Ragged Trousered Philanthropists (by Robert Tressell) 穿破裤子的慈善家The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (by William L. Shirer) 第三帝国的兴亡Uncle Tom's Cabin (by H. Beecher Stowe) 汤姆叔叔的小屋Winds of War (by Herman Woul) 战争风云A Farewell to Arms (by Ernest Hemingway) 永别了武器Airport (by Arthur Hailey) 航空港A Tale of Two Cities (by Charles Dickens) 双城记Financier (by Theodore Dreiser) 财政家Grapes of Wrath (by J. Steinbeck) 愤怒的葡萄Jane Eyre (by Charlotte Bronte) 简爱Jude the Obscure (by Thomas Hardy) 无名的裘德Lady Chatterley's Lover (by D. H. Lawrence)查泰莱夫人德情人Martin Eden (by Jack London) 马丁.伊登Pride and Prejudice (by Jane Austen) 傲慢与偏见Sense and Sensibility (by Jane Austen) 理智与情感Sister Carrie (by Theodore Dreiser) 嘉丽妹妹Sons and Lovers (by D. H. Lawrence) 儿子和情人Tess of the D'ubervilles (by Thomas Hardy) 德伯家的苔丝The American Tragedy (by Theodore Dreiser) 美国的悲剧The Final Diagnosis (by Arthur Hailey) 最后的诊断The God Father (by Mario Puzo) 教父The Great Gatsby (by F. Scott Fitzgerald) 了不起的盖茨比The Hunckback of Notre Dame (by Victor Hugo) 巴黎圣母院The Moneychangers (by Arthur Hailey) 钱商The Rainbow (by D. H. Lawrence) 虹The Red and The Black (by Stendhal) 红与黑The Return to the Native (by Thomas Hardy) 还乡The Scarlet Letter (by Nathaniel Hawthorne) 红字The Sun Also Rises (by Ernest Hemingway) 太阳照样升起The Thorn Birds (by Colleen Mccullough) 荆棘鸟The Three Musketeers (by Alexandre Dumas) 三个火枪手Vanity Fair (by W. M. Thackeray) 名利场Wives and Daughters (by Elizabeth Gaskell) 妻子与女儿Wuthering Heights (by Emily Bronte) 呼啸山庄另外再加点中国名著的翻译，祖国文化不可忘怀啊。
中外名著英文翻译 Amy
中国名著英文翻译：1.《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; Journey to the West2.《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms3.《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)4.《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes; Water Margins5.《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica6.《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio7.《论语》Analects of Confucius8.《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers9.《围城》A Surrounded City10.《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber11.《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror12.《史记》Shi Ji/ Historical Records13.四书(《大学》、《中庸》、《论语》、《孟子》）The Four Books (The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius, The Mencius)14.《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q15.《春秋》Spring and Autumn Annals16.《论语》THE ANALCETS OF CONFUCIUS17.《诗经》the book of odes18.《世说新语》essays and criticism (shi shuo hsin yu)19.《封神演义》the legend of deification20.《金瓶梅》The golden lotus21.《西厢记》The west chamber外国名著：1.《飘》Gone with the Wind2.《简。
《名利场》译本对比分析
《名利场》译本对比分析作者：汤素慧张玉婷来源：《教育周报·教育论坛》2019年第29期摘要：文学翻译批评是文学翻译研究的重要领域。
本研究旨《名利场》译本的不同风格。
《名利场》是英国著名的现实主义大师萨克雷不朽的成名之作，该小说描述了19世纪上半叶英国贵族阶级的生活百态，并批判了上流社会各色人等的糜烂生活。
本文试图对名利场译本进行对比分析，更好的体现原作的内容，更接近目标语读者的审美倾向。
关键词：《名利场》 ;译本分析一、《名利场》翻译《名利场》是威廉萨克雷的伟大杰作，他的作品以讽刺和智慧著称。
这本小说反映了当时英格兰社会上层阶层存在的各种各样的丑陋行为。
其突出的影响力得到了越来越多的西方以及中国学者的支持，他们热切地呼吁“名利场”的不同翻译版本。
因此，越来越多的研究集中在这部小说上。
二、对比分析1、译本语言生动性“There is a great quantity of eating and drinking， making love and jilting， laughing and the contrary， smoking， cheating， fighting， dancing，and fiddling.”杨译：“市场上有的在吃喝，有的人在调情，有的得了新宠就丢了旧爱，有的在笑，也有的在哭，还有在抽烟的，打架的，跳舞的，拉提琴的，诓骗哄人的。
”贾译：“人群中食客在大吃大喝;喜新厌旧的情人在调情打趣;有人放声大笑，有人伤心落泪;有人抽烟，有人闲聊，有人跳舞，有人拉琴。
”李译：“市场上，有人在大吃大喝，有人在打情骂俏，另寻新欢，有人在大笑不止，有人在哭得死去活来，有人在猛抽烟，有人到处行骗，有人在大打出手，有人在手舞足蹈，有人在到处胡闹。
”原文语境下，描述的是一个混乱的市场。
在翻译的时候要找出合适市井小民的词汇来描述他们，才能使人物特点更鲜明。
杨译和贾译都偏文雅正式，例如“得了新宠就丢了旧爱”，“ 调情打趣”，等说法。
Vanity_Fair《名利场》第四十八章原文及翻译
CHAPTER XLVIIIIn Which the Reader Is Introduced to the V eryBest of CompanyAt last Becky's kindness and attention to the chief ofher husband's family were destined to meet with an exceeding great reward, a reward which, though certainly somewhat unsubstantial, the little woman coveted with greater eagerness than more positive benefits. If she did not wish to lead a virtuous life, at least she desired to enjoy a character for virtue, and we know that no ladyin the genteel world can possess this desideratum, until she has put on a train and feathers and has been presented to her Sovereign at Court. From that august interview they come out stamped as honest women. The Lord Chamberlain gives them a certificate of virtue. And as dubious goods or letters are passed through an ovenat quarantine, sprinkled with aromatic vinegar, and then pronounced clean, many a lady, whose reputation would be doubtful otherwise and liable to give infection, passes through the wholesome ordeal of the Royal presence and issues from it free from all taint.It might be very well for my Lady Bareacres, myLady Tufto, Mrs. Bute Crawley in the country, and other ladies who had come into contact with Mrs. Rawdon Crawley to cry fie at the idea of the odious little adventuress making her curtsey before the Sovereign, and to declare that, if dear good Queen Charlotte had been alive, she never would have admitted such an extremelyill-regulated personage into her chaste drawing-room. But when we consider that it was the First Gentleman in Europe in whose high presence Mrs. Rawdon passed her examination, and as it were, took her degree in reputation, it surely must be flat disloyalty to doubt any moreabout her virtue. I, for my part, look back with love and awe to that Great Character in history. Ah, what a high and noble appreciation of Gentlewomanhood there must have been in V anity Fair, when that revered and august being was invested, by the universal acclaim of the refined and educated portion of this empire, with the title of Premier Gentilhomme of his Kingdom. Do you remember, dear M--, oh friend of my youth, how one blissful night five-and-twenty years since, the "Hypocrite" being acted, Elliston being manager, Dowton and Liston performers, two boys had leave from their loyal mastersto go out from Slaughter-House School where they were educated and to appear on Drury Lane stage, amongst a crowd which assembled there to greet the king. THE KING? There he was. Beefeaters were before the august box; the Marquis of Steyne (Lord of the Powder Closet) and other great officers of state were behind the chair on which he sat, HE sat--florid of face, portly of person, covered with orders, and in a rich curling head of hair--how we sang God save him! How the house rocked and shouted with that magnificent music. How they cheered, and cried, and waved handkerchiefs. Ladies wept; mothers clasped their children; some fainted with emotion. People were suffocated in the pit, shrieks and groans rising up amidst the writhing and shouting mass there of his people who were, and indeed showed them- selves almost to be, ready to die for him. Y es, we saw him. Fate cannot deprive us of THA T. Others have seen Napoleon. Some few still exist who have beheld Frederick the Great, Doctor Johnson, Marie Antoinette, &c.--be itour reasonable boast to our children, that we saw George the Good, the Magnificent, the Great.Well, there came a happy day in Mrs. Rawdon Crawley's existence when this angel was admitted into theparadise of a Court which she coveted, her sister-in-law acting as her godmother. On the appointed day, Sir Pitt and his lady, in their great family carriage (just newly built, and ready for the Baronet's assumption of theoffice of High Sheriff of his county), drove up to the little house in Curzon Street, to the edification of Raggles, who was watching from his greengrocer's shop, and saw fine plumes within, and enormous bunches of flowers in the breasts of the new livery-coats of the footmen.Sir Pitt, in a glittering uniform, descended and wentinto Curzon Street, his sword between his legs. Little Rawdon stood with his face against the parlour window- panes, smiling and nodding with all his might to his auntin the carriage within; and presently Sir Pitt issued forth from the house again, leading forth a lady with grand feathers, covered in a white shawl, and holding updaintily a train of magnificent brocade. She stepped into the vehicle as if she were a princess and accustomed all herlife to go to Court, smiling graciously on the footman atthe door and on Sir Pitt, who followed her into thecarriage.Then Rawdon followed in his old Guards' uniform,which had grown woefully shabby, and was much too tight. He was to have followed the procession and waited upon his sovereign in a cab, but that his good-natured sister-in-law insisted that they should be a family party. The coach was large, the ladies not very big, they would hold their trains in their laps--finally, the four went fraternally together, and their carriage presently joinedthe line of royal equipages which was making its way down Piccadilly and St. James's Street, towards the old brick palace where the Star of Brunswick was in waitingto receive his nobles and gentlefolks.Becky felt as if she could bless the people out of the carriage windows, so elated was she in spirit, and so strong a sense had she of the dignified position whichshe had at last attained in life. Even our Becky had her weaknesses, and as one often sees how men pride themselves upon excellences which others are slow to perceive: how, for instance, Comus firmly believes that he is the greatest tragic actor in England; how Brown, thefamous novelist, longs to be considered, not a man of genius, but a man of fashion; while Robinson, the great lawyer, does not in the least care about his reputation in Westminster Hall, but believes himself incomparable across country and at a five-barred gate--so to be, andto be thought, a respectable woman was Becky's aim in life, and she got up the genteel with amazing assiduity, readiness, and success. We have said, there were times when she believed herself to be a fine lady and forgot that there was no money in the chest at home--duns round the gate, tradesmen to coax and wheedle--no ground to walk upon, in a word. And as she went to Court in the carriage, the family carriage, she adopted a demeanour so grand, self-satisfied, deliberate, and imposing that it made even Lady Jane laugh. She walked into the royal apartments with a toss of the head which would have befitted an empress, and I have no doubt had she been one, she would have become the character perfectly..We are authorized to state that Mrs. Rawdon Crawley's costume de cour on the occasion of her presentationto the Sovereign was of the most elegant and brilliantdescription. Some ladies we may have seen--wewho wear stars and cordons and attend the St. James's assemblies, or we, who, in muddy boots, dawdle up and down Pall Mall and peep into the coaches as they drive up with the great folks in their feathers--some ladies of fashion, I say, we may have seen, about two o'clock of the forenoon of a levee day, as the laced-jacketed bandof the Life Guards are blowing triumphal marches seated on those prancing music-stools, their cream-coloured chargers--who are by no means lovely and enticing objects at that early period of noon. A stout countess of sixty, decolletee, painted, wrinkled with rouge up to her drooping eyelids, and diamonds twinkling in her wig, is a wholesome and edifying, but not a pleasant sight. She has the faded look of a St. James's Street illumination, as it may be seen of an early morning, when half the lamps are out, and the others are blinking wanly, as if they were about to vanish like ghosts before the dawn. Such charms as those of which we catch glimpses while her ladyship's carriage passes should appear abroad at night alone. If even Cynthia looks haggard of an afternoon, as we may see her sometimes in the present winter season,with Phoebus staring her out of countenance from the opposite side of the heavens, how much more can old Lady Castlemouldy keep her head up when the sun is shining full upon it through the chariot windows, and showing all the chinks and crannies with which time has marked her face! No. Drawing-rooms should be announced for November, or the first foggy day, or the elderly sultanas of our V anity Fair should drive up in closed litters, descend in a covered way, and make their curtsey to the Sovereign under the protection of lamplight. Our beloved Rebecca had no need, however, of anysuch a friendly halo to set off her beauty. Her complexion could bear any sunshine as yet, and her dress, though if you were to see it now, any present lady of V anity Fair would pronounce it to be the most foolish and preposterous attire ever worn, was as handsome in her eyesand those of the public, some five-and-twenty years since, as the most brilliant costume of the most famous beautyof the present season. A score of years hence that too, that milliner's wonder, will have passed into the domainof the absurd, along with all previous vanities. But we are wandering too much. Mrs. Rawdon's dress waspronounced to be charmante on the eventful day of her presentation. Even good little Lady Jane was forced to acknowledge this effect, as she looked at her kinswoman, and owned sorrowfully to herself that she was quite inferior in taste to Mrs. Becky.9.She did not know how much care, thought, and genius Mrs. Rawdon had bestowed upon that garment. Rebecca had as good taste as any milliner in Europe, and such a clever way of doing things as Lady Jane little understood. The latter quickly spied out the magnificence of the brocade of Becky's train, and the splendour of the lace on her dress.The brocade was an old remnant, Becky said; and asfor the lace, it was a great bargain. She had had it these hundred years.11."My dear Mrs. Crawley, it must have cost a little fortune," Lady Jane said, looking down at her own lace, which was not nearly so good; and then examining the quality of the ancient brocade which formed the material of Mrs. Rawdon's Court dress, she felt inclined to say that she could not afford such fine clothing, but checked that speech, with an effort, as one uncharitableto her kinswoman.12.And yet, if Lady Jane had known all, I think even her kindly temper would have failed her. The fact is, when she was putting Sir Pitt's house in order, Mrs. Rawdon had found the lace and the brocade in old wardrobes,the property of the former ladies of the house, and had quietly carried the goods home, and had suited them to her own little person. Briggs saw her take them, asked no questions, told no stories; but I believe quite sympathised with her on this matter, and so wouldmany another honest woman.13.And the diamonds--"Where the doose did you get the diamonds, Becky?" said her husband, admiring some jewels which he had never seen before and which sparkled in her ears and on her neck with brilliance and profusion. Becky blushed a little and looked at him hard for a moment. Pitt Crawley blushed a little too, and looked out of window. The fact is, he had given her a very small portion of the brilliants; a pretty diamond clasp, which confined a pearl necklace which she wore- and the Baronet had omitted to mention the circumstance tohis lady.15.Becky looked at her husband, and then at Sir Pitt,with an air of saucy triumph--as much as to say, "ShallI betray you?""Guess!" she said to her husband. "Why, you silly man," she continued, "where do you suppose I got them? --all except the little clasp, which a dear friend of mine gave me long ago. I hired them, to be sure. I hired them at Mr. Polonius's, in Coventry Street. Y ou don't suppose that all the diamonds which go to Court belong to the wearers; like those beautiful stones which Lady Jane has, and which are much handsomer than any which I have,I am certain."They are family jewels," said Sir Pitt, again looking uneasy. And in this family conversation the carriage rolled down the street, until its cargo was finally discharged at the gates of the palace where the Sovereign was sitting in state.The diamonds, which had created Rawdon's admiration, never went back to Mr. Polonius, of Coventry Street, and that gentleman never applied for their restoration, butthey retired into a little private repository, in an old desk, which Amelia Sedley had given her years and years ago, and in which Becky kept a number of useful and, perhaps, valuable things, about which her husbandknew nothing. To know nothing, or little, is in the nature of some husbands. To hide, in the nature of how many women? Oh, ladies! how many of you have surreptitious milliners' bills? How many of you have gowns and bracelets which you daren't show, or which you wear trembling?--trembling, and coaxing with smiles the husband by your side, who does not know the new velvet gown from the old one, or the new bracelet from lastyear's, or has any notion that the ragged-looking yellow lace scarf cost forty guineas and that Madame Bobinot is writing dunning letters every week for the money!19.Thus Rawdon knew nothing about the brilliant diamond ear-rings, or the superb brilliant ornament which decorated the fair bosom of his lady; but Lord Steyne, who was in his place at Court, as Lord of the Powder Closet, and one of the great dignitaries and illustrious defences of the throne of England, and came up with allhis stars, garters, collars, and cordons, and paid particular attention to the little woman, knew whence the jewelscame and who paid for them.20.As he bowed over her he smiled, and quoted the hackneyed and beautiful lines from The Rape of the Lock about Belinda's diamonds, "which Jews might kiss and infidels adore.""But I hope your lordship is orthodox," said the littlelady with a toss of her head. And many ladies roundabout whispered and talked, and many gentlemen nodded and whispered, as they saw what marked attention thegreat nobleman was paying to the little adventuress.22.What were the circumstances of the interview between Rebecca Crawley, nee Sharp, and her Imperial Master,it does not become such a feeble and inexperienced penas mine to attempt to relate. The dazzled eyes close before that Magnificent Idea. Loyal respect and decency tell even the imagination not to look too keenly and audaciouslyabout the sacred audience-chamber, but to back away rapidly, silently, and respectfully, making profoundbows out of the August Presence.23.This may be said, that in all London there was no more loyal heart than Becky's after this interview. The name of her king was always on her lips, and he was proclaimed by her to be the most charming of men. She went to Colnaghi's and ordered the finest portrait of him that art had produced, and credit could supply. She chose that famous one in which the best of monarchs is represented in a frock-coat with a fur collar, and breeches and silk stockings, simpering on a sofa from under his curly brown wig. She had him painted in a brooch and wore it--indeed she amused and somewhat pestered heracquaintance with her perpetual talk about his urbanity and beauty. Who knows! Perhaps the little woman thought she might play the part of a Maintenon or a Pompadour.But the finest sport of all after her presentation was tohear her talk virtuously. She had a few female acquaintances, not, it must be owned, of the very highest reputationin V anity Fair. But being made an honest woman of,so to speak, Becky would not consort any longer withthese dubious ones, and cut Lady Crackenbury when the latter nodded to her from her opera-box, and gave Mrs. Washington White the go-by in the Ring. "One must, my dear, show one is somebody," she said. "One mustn't be seen with doubtful people. I pity Lady Crackenbury from my heart, and Mrs. Washington White may be a verygood-natured person. YOU may go and dine with them,as you like your rubber. But I mustn't, and won't; andyou will have the goodness to tell Smith to say I am notat home when either of them calls."The particulars of Becky's costume were in the newspapers--feathers, lappets, superb diamonds, and all therest. Lady Crackenbury read the paragraph in bitternessof spirit and discoursed to her followers about the airswhich that woman was giving herself. Mrs. Bute Crawley and her young ladies in the country had a copy of the Morning Post from town, and gave a vent to their honestindignation. "If you had been sandy-haired, green-eyed,and a French rope-dancer's daughter," Mrs. Bute saidto her eldest girl (who, on the contrary, was a veryswarthy, short, and snub-nosed young lady), "Y ou mighthave had superb diamonds forsooth, and have beenpresented at Court by your cousin, the Lady Jane. But you'reonly a gentlewoman, my poor dear child. Y ou have onlysome of the best blood in England in your veins, andgood principles and piety for your portion. I, myself,the wife of a Baronet's younger brother, too, neverthought of such a thing as going to Court--nor wouldother people, if good Queen Charlotte had been alive."In this way the worthy Rectoress consoled herself, andher daughters sighed and sat over the Peerage all night.译文蓓基对于克劳莱的一家之主那一番关切和殷勤，总算得到了极大的酬报。
名利场
Buny an，1628—1688）的讽寓体小说《天路历程》 （The Pilgrim 'sProgress，1678）。 • 名利场》故事取材于英国19世纪初的上层社会。19世纪初 期的英国处于维多丼亚时代，妇女受到传统道德的约束。 • 当时的英国，正值资本主义经济蓬勃发展的时代，工商业 更是成为了国家的经济支柱。各种知名的富商大贾狠狠地 剥削、压榨着处于最底层的劳工，并主宰着当时的社会。 社会底层的贫苦人们与社会上层富得流油的资本家们之间 的对比，一边是贫困交加的、吃不上饭的、还深受剥削的 老百姓，一边不断挥霍着堆积如山的资产、不断追名逐利 迷失自我的上层人士。当时的社会就是“天下攘攘，皆为 利往，天下熙熙，皆为利来”的状态。各种拜金主义，追 逐名利、权势、利禄等掺杂在一起，构成了整个社会上人 们的生活状态
故事梗概
故事主角蓓基·夏泼是一个机灵乖巧的漂亮姑娘。她尝过贫穷的滋味，一心 要掌握自己的命运，摆脱困境。她不择手段，凭谄媚奉承、走小道钻后门，飞上 高枝，构成一个引人关怀又动人情感的故事。 《名利场》以两个年轻女子蓓基·夏泼和爱米丽亚·赛特笠的一生为主线，展示 了19世纪初期英国上层社会的生活画面。《名利场》的故事以两条线索展开，从 同一个起点出发，相互交织，最后到达同一个终点。其中一条线索讲述善良、笨 拙、生活在富有家庭中的女子爱米丽亚·赛特笠；另一条线索讲述机灵、自私、 放荡不羁的孤女蓓基·夏泼。两人于1813年乘坐同一辆马车离开平克顿女子学校， 都在遭到家庭反对的情况下于1815年结婚，分别嫁给即将参加滑铁卢战役的两名 英国军官。新婚不久，那场具有历史意义的战役打响了。爱米丽亚·赛特笠的丈 夫战死沙场，蓓基·夏泼的丈夫战后生还。接下来的十年中，蓓基·夏泼生活一 帆风顺，在社会的阶梯上不断攀升，直至有幸觐见国王，而爱米丽亚·赛特笠却 因父亲破产承受着极大的不幸。到了1827年，命运发生了逆转，蓓基·夏泼的生 活落入毁灭的深渊，这其实是罪有应得；爱米丽亚·赛特笠却转而变得富裕幸福。
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1.The catastrophe came,and she was brought to the MALL as to her home （1）她遭难之后，被带到林荫道去，算是有了家 （2）丧父的灾难来了，她被带到林荫道，把它作为 新家 前半句“the catastrophe ”指的就是她丧父的灾 难，所以（2）句解释的比较清楚重点指出了她遭受 了什么灾难，但是在后半句中又没有（1）句翻译的 顺畅，语句也没有具有连贯性。特别是“她被带到 林荫道，把它作为新家”前后主语不一致
5.the happiness----the superrior advantages of the young women round about ,gave Rebecca inexpressible pangs of envy (1)利蓓加看见她周围的小姐们那么福气，享受种种权利， 说不出的眼红 (2)周围的小姐们生活幸福，条件优越，丽蓓卡见了说不 出的眼红 ”the superrior advantages of “原文主要是指那些小 姐们享受各种优越的条件，其中当然包括那些特权，所以 （2） 句的翻译更加忠实于原文
2.The rigid formality of the place suffocated her:the prayers and........ (1)学校里严谨的校规把她闷的半死 (2)校内死板的正规化使她窒息 这句话的关键词是“suffocated”，是使.....窒 息的意思，所以（2）句更贴切，（1）句的闷 的程度没有窒息来的贴切，但是（2）句中“校 内死板的正规化”是个病句，改为“校内过于 死板的正规化体制”或许更好
3.she had not been much of a dissembler,until now her loneliness taught her to feign (1)她本来没有多少虚情假意，如今和别人不合群，所以只 能想法子掩饰 (2)她本来不大会掩饰自己的感情，到现在孤单单的一人， 倒学会了装假 “had not been much of a dissembler”不是一个很好的 掩饰者 而且用了“had”表明从过去一直到她进MALL之前，她都 不是 （1），（2）用“本来“是符合原文的，但（1）中用虚情 假意来代替掩饰，显然是不贴切的，（2）更好
7.Minerva thought wisely,she could spare herself the expense of a master for the juniors,and intimated to Miss Sharp that she was to instruct them in music for the future (1)智慧女神因此得了个聪明的主意，她叫夏泼小姐教低 班学生弹琴，借此可以省掉一个教员 (2)智慧女神精明的想到，她可以省去给低班学生聘一名 教员的开支，便通知夏泼小姐，要她以后教低班音乐 关键”she“的理解，分别指代”丽贝卡“，”智慧女神 “和”丽贝卡“（1）（2）两句对she的理解都是正确的 （1）句语句比较简练，条例也清晰，但是最后改为”省 掉一个教员的费用“更佳，因为原文中有提 到”expense“
4.and who could help attaching herself to Amelia? (1)不喜欢爱米丽亚的人究竟是不多的 (2)不过要不喜欢阿米丽亚，谁又能做的到呢？ 原文用一个反问句来加强语气，其意图就是为了说明阿 米莉娅深受大家的喜欢，相比之下，（2）句要比（1） 句更好，更能表现出她受欢迎的程度
6."how they cringe and bow to that Creole,because of her hundred thousand pounds！" (1)瞧她们对那半黑种势利讨好的样儿！还不是为着她有 6. 成千累万的财产吗？ (2)她们对那个混血儿点头哈腰的巴结，还不是因为她家 财万贯！ (1)句中巧妙的用”半黑种“来代替（2）句中的混血儿， 不但表达了丽贝卡的不满与蔑视，也同时交代了混血儿 的种族。但是，后半句最好改为叹句，这样的语气才能 更加强烈