摘要英文对照
标准英文摘要模板
1.Today, the fifth of young people in the United States have showed mental health problems, as well as abuse of drugs, which can bring about a serious of consequences if timely treatment is paid no attention. this paper mainly illustrates the key role that parents play in helping to find and solve the two problems. Many effective treatments and supporting services can be applied by parents to deal with mental disorders and drug addiction. it is the parents that assume the responsibility in taking care of the children. Only by this way can the future of the young people become much better.2.Today, the ecological tourism is developing rapidly, causing a current hot topic among tourism industry. This paper mainly indicates the sustainable development of ecological tourism through a serious of demonstration. In the first place, the exact concept and connotation of ecological tourism is presented. In addition, some main problems we confronted with have been fully discussed. Consequently, several suggestions for sustainable ecological tourism have been put forward as follows. Besides strength the consciousness of ecological tourism, we should also take some measures to uphold rational exploitation and regulations. Only by this way can we well persist in the sustainable development of ecological tourism, could the harmony between man and nature be a reality.3.As we all know,talent plays a significant role in intelligence. This talent only offer a possibility, which is not a necessary aspect. This kind of possibility can not transform into reality without acquiring well environment and education. This paper mainly discusses the major point of various of environmental stimulation, which have an effect on early intelligence development of children. Moreover, this thesis indicates that family environment with harmonious, well-organized, abundant as well as warm atmosphere should be created, it is the most effective way to a better intelligence exploitation. A person with high intelligence quotient can also fall into poor knowledge considering the absence of adequate education. It is also possible for a common people turns into a scholar through hard working.4.Our social morality seems to have great progress, oddly enough, the personal morality -- the personal honor, integrity and honesty as the supreme idea - seems to be declining. This paper mainly analyzes the modern society personal moral destruction reasons, and attempts to find the answers from three aspects of honesty, integrity and personal honor. And the author thinks that with the social moral rapid development today, the individual moral development also should get more attention and development.This review discusses that sociology should undertake the part obligations for the Weird phenomenon, and at the same time, what the social morality and social conscience leave out is the narrow and very important concept of honor and what the contemporary people desire most isa sense of security.In conclusion, we state that As long as one person refuses to go with the stream, as long as a people will insist on your heart in the right, keep the virtue which his compatriots seem to give up, what he'd kept at least is perhaps the most valuable things in the human nature.5.Economic globalization phenomenon is a world development trend which is very rapid and conspicuous in the last 30 years of twenty century . Under the trend of globalization in economy, politics, culture, science and technology, also including education are all affected in different degrees. It and local change, localization, nation and state of development, not only have to promote each other's side, but also have a very prominent contradiction. The main purpose of this paper is about the higher education would be profoundly influenced by the economic globalization .The development of higher education itself is also be strongly influenced by theeconomic globalization. Economic globalization brings the globalization of talent competition, especially the talent all enter into the rich countries. In order to deal with this kind of situation, developing countries must speed up the pace about the popularization of higher education. Under the influence of economic globalization, and with the rapid development of network education, remote education based on modern information technology, make higher education of each country to strengthen the communication and contact and cooperation. The influence of the economic globalization to the higher education also reflects on the quality of talent training, knowledge structure and teaching ability in methods. We can't take education simple as the economic globalization competition tool, but must see the history and moral responsibility which education to future human social good development prospects should undertake.。
英文摘要的写法
Stokes output and good pulse shape.
资料性摘要概括地阐述论文或报告中的主要
结论，重点突出文中提及的新发现或有别于
其他同类研究的结论。
结合型摘要 (Informative Indicative Abstracts)
此类摘要综合了说明性摘要和资料性摘要
的特点
（1）This article discusses some possible roles for self-access pathways, particularly in cultures which have no tradition of self-study. （ 2 ） It suggests how pathways might influence the design and running of self-access centres, （3）and gives an illustration of how pathways were designed and employed in a centre in China. Feedback is based on a minisurvey distributed to thirty users.
Abstract: （ 1 ） This paper discusses the
effect of processing temperature on the room temperature resistivity and PTC
characteristic of the PS matrix Sn-Pb alloy composite. （ 2 ） The results show that … and the low melting point of Sn-Pb alloy results in the excellent PTC characteristic.
完整英文摘要
完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。
本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。
AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。
摘要用中文翻译成英文
摘要用中文翻译成英文摘要用中文翻译成英文摘要也就是内容提要,是论文中不可缺少的一部分,论文摘要是一篇具有独立性的短文,有其特别的地方,摘要的英文版是什么？来看下面的内容：摘要用中文翻译成英文【1】毕业论文AbstractTitanium ore, elected from magnetite or Titan magnetite, is widely used as the raw material in the production of titanium dioxide.Titanium quality and its yield constraints is often the bottle neck in the titanium industry. Thus, we can not blindly consume a large amount of capital to maintain or improve its quality and yield.This paper makes an attempt to explores and optimize the development of the titanium industry, through inside and outside observation and association.In this paper, flotation tests are conducted to compare the original pulp titanium ore with Polyacrylamide and that without on the concentrate grade yield of titanium concentrates.In this process, the consumption of drugs, the recovery rate of , equipment utilization, the amount and cost of polyacrylamide (PAM) areall considered to determine whether it is a ptimization program to add Polyacrylamide to the original flotation pulp of titanium ore.Finally, we reach a conclusion through relevant data .In the experimental process, in principle, we do not change the originalflotation process and the relevant parameters.Key words: Titanium ore; Flotation; Polyacrylamide; quality; yield.毕业论文摘要的书写方法和技巧【2】1.摘要的作用摘要也就是内容提要，是论文中不可缺少的一部分。
论文英文摘要常用句型
学论文英文摘要常用句型英文摘要一般须以第三人称、过去式叙述。
用词准确，逻辑性强，结构严谨。
结果和结论一般用句子表达；而目的、方法（设计、地点和对象）等，则常用短语表达。
（1）英文摘要的时态与语态1)说明研究目的，通常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
2)说明方法和结果，一般用一般过去时、第三人称的被动语态表达。
3）结论通常用一般现在时、被动语态表达，也可用主动语态表达。
（2）常用句型1)表达论文内容的常用句型A 第三人称主动态①This paper(article，report)describes…本文叙述…②This paper (article)reports…本文报告…③This report(paper，article)presents…本文介绍…④This paper(article，report)discusses…本文讨论…常用的动词还有analyze(分析)，evaluate(评价)，compare(比较)，describe（描述）等。
B 第一人称主动态⑤We report(on)…我们报告…⑥We describe a case of…我们描述1例…⑦In this paper，we present…本文介绍…⑧In this paper，we report…本文报告…主语除we之外，还可用the authors(作者)等。
C 一般现在时被动语态⑨A case is reported in which…本文报告1例…⑩A study of…is reported本文报告…的研究⑧…is(are)described．本文描述…⑥In this paper．…is(are)presented．本文介绍…2)表达目的常用句型A 一般过去时、被动语态①The purpose（aim，objective）of this study was to…本研究旨在…②The goal（aim）of this investigation was to…本研究旨在…③This study was designed to…本研究旨在…④This study was undertaken to…本研究旨在…⑤This prospective study was performed to…本前瞻性研究的目的是…⑥A study to…was carried out(during) (在…期间)所作研究的目的是…⑦An attempt has been made to…为了…而作试验B 动词不定式短语To evaluate，report，investigate，study，analyze…C 一般过去时、主动语态⑧We（the authors）conducted a study to…为了…我们进行了研究⑨To determine…，we studied…为了确定…，我们研究了…⑩In an attempt to…，in an effort to…或in order to…，we carried out a pilot study…为了…，我们进行了…的初步研究表示目的的常用动词有：evaluate(评价)，examine(检查，观察)，determine(确定，查明)，elucidate(阐明)，explore(探索)，test(测试)，compare(比较)，estimate(评估)，assess(估价)，investigate(调查)等。
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型
学术论文写作格式要求英文摘要常用句型1. Introduction （引言）- This paper aims to...- The purpose of this study is to...- The objective of this research is to...- This paper addresses the issue/problem of...2. Background （背景）- In recent years, there has been increasing interest in...- With the growing importance of...- Despite the extensive research on...- The existing literature has largely focused on...3. Methods （方法）- This study utilized a quantitative/qualitative research design.- Data was collected through surveys/interviews/observations.- The sample consisted of...- Statistical analysis was conducted using...4. Results （结果）- The findings of this study indicate that...- The results suggest that...- The analysis revealed that...- There is a significant correlation between...5. Discussion （讨论）- These results provide insights into...- The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of...- The present study contributes to the understanding of...- These findings are consistent with previous research in the field of...6. Conclusion （结论）- In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of...- Based on the findings, it can be concluded that...- This study provides valuable information for...- Further research is needed to explore...7. Limitations （限制）- Although this study has provided significant insights, it is not without limitations.- One limitation of this study is the small sample size.- Another limitation is the reliance on self-reported data.- Future research should address these limitations by...8. Implications （意义）- The findings of this study have practical implications for...- These results have important implications for policymakers/practitioners.- The implications of this study extend beyond the specific context of...- This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of...9. Future Directions （未来方向）- Future research should explore...- Further investigation is needed to determine...- Future studies could examine...- This research sets the stage for future research on...。
摘要英文范文
摘要英文范文Title: The Benefits of Reading。
Reading is an essential activity that provides numerous benefits for individuals of all ages. It not only enhances knowledge and understanding but also improves cognitive abilities, language skills, and mental well-being. In this essay, we will explore the various advantages of readingand why it is important to cultivate a reading habit.First and foremost, reading is an excellent way to acquire knowledge and expand one's understanding of the world. Through books, articles, and other written materials, individuals can gain insights into different cultures, historical events, scientific discoveries, and much more. This accumulation of knowledge not only enriches one's mind but also broadens their perspective on various issues and topics.Furthermore, reading has been proven to enhancecognitive abilities such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making. When individuals engage in reading, they are required to process information, analyze content, and make connections between ideas. This mental exercise strengthens the brain and improves its capacity to think logically and creatively.In addition to cognitive benefits, reading also plays a crucial role in developing language skills. Whether it is vocabulary expansion, grammar improvement, or writing proficiency, reading exposes individuals to a wide range of linguistic patterns and styles. This exposure enables them to enhance their communication skills and express their thoughts and ideas more effectively.Moreover, reading has a positive impact on mental well-being by reducing stress and promoting relaxation. Many people find solace in reading as it allows them to escape from the pressures of daily life and immerse themselves in a different world. Whether it is fiction, non-fiction, or poetry, reading provides a therapeutic experience that calms the mind and soothes the soul.Another benefit of reading is its ability to improve concentration and focus. In a world filled with distractions, the act of reading requires individuals to concentrate on the material at hand and block out external stimuli. This practice of sustained attention can be transferred to other areas of life, such as work, study,and personal relationships, leading to greater productivity and efficiency.Furthermore, reading fosters empathy and emotional intelligence by exposing individuals to diverse characters, situations, and perspectives. Through the stories and experiences of others, readers can develop a better understanding of human emotions, motivations, and behaviors. This increased empathy can lead to more compassionate and harmonious relationships with others.In conclusion, reading offers a multitude of benefits that contribute to personal growth, intellectual development, and emotional well-being. It is a valuable activity that should be encouraged and cultivated from anearly age. Whether it is for pleasure, education, or self-improvement, the act of reading has the power to enrich and transform the lives of individuals in profound ways. Therefore, it is imperative for everyone to recognize the importance of reading and make it a regular part of their daily routine.。
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The mechanism of light-induced discoloration in surface decoration of wooden materials木质材料表面装饰用材的光致变色机理的研究Nowadays, the surface decoration of wooden materials have become basic demand for high-quality, high-grade life in human settlement. Most methods can be used for the surface decoration of the wooden materials. And the veneered decoration and the coated decoration are the most important between these methods. However, the problem of damaging by light can be neglected neither in veneered decoration nor in coated decoration.In this work, the light-induced discoloration is investigated in basswood single board, decorative paper (wood-veined paper and impregnated paper) and PVC sticker (dark and light color). The spectrophotometer with the CIE chromaticity of 1976 is used to research the law of the change of color. While, we investigate the change of the surface-chemistry structure and the scientific essence of the producing of color, with surface-analysis technology such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), fluorescence display, etc. Furthermore, the ultraviolet spectrophotometer is also used to measure the transmission spectra of the typical paint films. In this work, we aim to provide basic and scientific theory to avoid damaging by light. The main results are shown as follow:对木质材料表面进行装饰，在人居环境中已经成为人们追求高质量、高品位生活的基本要求。
目前木质材料表面装饰的方法有很多，主要有贴面装饰和涂饰装饰两大类。
但无论是哪一类，都存在光致变色的光劣化问题。
因此，本文针对典型的表面装饰材料，即椴木单板、装饰纸（木纹纸与浸渍纸）、PVC贴面（深色与浅色两种）材料进行了其光致变色的研究。
利用基于CIE1976标准色度系统LAB均匀颜色空间原理的分光光度计，探究其分别在自然光和紫外光辐照下的变色规律；利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、电子自旋共振波谱（ESR）、荧光显微镜等多种现代表面分析技术，揭示了装饰材料的表面化学结构变化和颜色产生的理学本质，从而分析和明确了光致变色机理；用紫外可见分光光度计测量了典型漆膜的透射光光谱；本研究旨在为装饰材料表面防止光劣化提供基础理论和科学依据。
主要研究结果如下：1.The general characters of the light-induced discoloration are observed inbasswood single board, decorative paper and PVC sticker when radiate by natural and ultraviolet light. After radiating basswood single board, decorative paper and PVC sticker by ultraviolet, we observed that the lightness index decrease, the yellow and blue index increase, the red and green index change little, chromatic difference become big and visual display become yellow. In addition, the stronger change of the color is induced by the long-time ultraviolet radiation.（这句话的位置我调整了一下，您要是觉得放这不合适可以再调整）While the effect induced by natural light is smaller than induced by ultraviolet. The same light-induced discoloration phenomenon is observed in basswood single board, decorative paper and PVC sticker. The change of the chromatic difference is observed mainly in the before 20 hours, and then become steady. Furthermore, the rough index of the morphology increased (excepted PVC).1.光变色规律的共性是：与有机物键能较接近的紫外光引起的变色明显，主要表现是明度指数下降，黄蓝轴色品指数增加，红绿轴色品指数变化较小，色差大，视觉显示黄变；而自然光辐照的效果明显小于紫外光，变色规律基本一致；色差变化主要发生在开始的20小时左右，然后趋于稳定，紫外光的长时间辐照又能引起颜色的较大变化；形貌观测上表现粗糙度增大（PVC除外）。
2.Different decoration materials show different changeable effect of color under thesame radiation. From basswood single board, decorative paper to PVC sticker, the change of the color decrease. The curves, which show chromatic difference with the time of radiation, are different (the curve are bed-model and chair-model). The damaging by light of wood-veined paper and impregnated paper are not observed in this experiment. It is because that the most of titanium dioxide is brought to wood-veined paper and impregnated paper.2. 同样辐照条件各种装饰材料变色程度不同，其变色程度依次是椴木单板>PVC贴面>浸渍纸；色差随辐照时间的变化曲线各不相同（总体上分床型和椅子型）；木纹纸与浸渍纸原纸在本次实验条件下几乎没有发生光劣化现象，其原因是装饰原纸在生产过程中添加了大量钛白粉所致。
3.The change of carbon valence and free radical concentration can be observed inthe obvious light-induced discoloration materials. And both of them are changing with the change of color. Part of low valence carbon atoms turn to high valence carbon atoms, the content of oxygen increased. At the same time, free radical concentration increase. This can be shown by oxidative degradation of high polymer and rupture of long molecular chain, which produce oxygenic function comprised by hydroxy group, ketone group and aldehyde group. In addition, the change shown above is drastic at the beginning of the reaction, and then turn tosteady.3.变色明显的材料均观察到碳价态和自由基浓度的改变，且变化规律与颜色改变规律基本一致。
主要体现部分低价态的碳原子转变成高价态，氧含量增加，自由基浓度增大；具体表现为高聚物的氧化降解，长分子链的断裂，生成类似于羟基和酮基或醛基为主的含氧基团；光辐照初期反应激烈变化大，然后不稳定的结构逐渐让位于稳定结构，表现出光化学反应趋缓和量子产率的下降。
4.Object color-perception comes from the spectra of the overall reflected lights. Theoverall reflected lights are comprised not only by the reflex after selective absorption, but also by dispersion and diffraction. Therefore, the traditional view must be changed. The traditional view is that the change of color is not just because the light selective absorption change induced by the chemical property change of materials.4.物体颜色感知最后来自于物体总反射光的光谱成分；总反射光中不仅包括物体选择吸收后的反射，还包含散射以及光的衍射现象。