如何翻译英文摘要
医学论文英语翻译技巧
医学论文英语摘要的写作及难句翻译[摘要]2.1 文章标题文章标题具备信息功能（提供文章的主要内容）、祈使功能（吸引读者阅读和购买）、美感功能（简单明了、新颖、醒目）和检索功能（方便读者和科技工作者检索、查阅及引用）。
2.2 语态在英语中却常常采用第三人称的被动语态。
2.3 时态：一般现在时和一般过去时，偶尔也会出现完成时。
结论”中的一句，是论文作者对研究工作进行的总结，并指出其对当前实际工作的指导意义，因此使用的是一般现在时。
当然，使用何种时态不能一概而论。
在翻译时，要根据原文中所要表达的意思来最后确定。
3 长、难句的翻译不管是英语还是汉语医学文章，都有一个共同的特点，即它们的句子通常较长，结构较复杂，有时，长长的一段文字仅由一句话组成。
在医学论文摘要中更是如此，要做好它们的互译还真不容易。
这是因为汉语句子建构在意念主轴(thought?pivot)上'英语句子建构在形式（或主谓）主轴(form?pivot or subject? predict?pivot)上。
也就是说，虽然句子是表达完整意义的语言单位，汉语强调的是意义，不太强调句子结构，许多句子没有主语，还有的句子主语不明显，但意义是明确的；而英语句子特别强调句子结构，绝大多数句子需要主语和谓语。
这就要求在汉译英过程中注意句意的转换，学会抓找中心词和使用英语中的各个关联词。
请看下列例子例1：“以BPDE诱导恶性转化的人支气管上皮细胞株16HBE为模型，采用cDNA代表性差异分析方法，比较转化细胞及正常对照细胞间基因表达的差异，分离恶变细胞中差异表达的cDNA片段。
”翻译：The malignant transformation of human bronchial cell line 16HBE induced by BPDE was used as a m odel for comparing gene expression between the transformed cells and controls. cDNA representational difference analysis was performed to isolate differentially expressed cDNA fragment in transformed cell s.分析：在中文原句中，出现了“以……”、“采用……”以及“比较……”、“分离……”这两个看似并列的机构'如果按照原文翻译'就会不知所云。
毕业论文英语摘要翻译技巧
例1：（茂名学院，茂名 广东 525000） (Maoming College, Maoming , Guangdong 525000，China)
例2：（茂名学院化学与生命科学学院，茂名 广东 525000） （College of Chemistry and Life Science, Maoming University, Maoming 525000,
语言结构：
语态一般为被动语态 时态：一般目的、方法和结果用过去时或过去完成时，结论 用 一般现在时。
另外，正确的翻译还包括标点符号 其中：中文中顿号“、”，英文时改为“，”；
中文句号“。”，英文时改为“.”
常用的句型及词语
在英语论文中，常使用一些较为固定句型和表达方式，从而形 成一些独特的表达习惯。 1.表示研究目的、过程、结果等的常用句型 purpose of this study (investigation,report,etc.) is to….
与实词的要求一样。
二 、 作 者 姓 名 及 工 作 单 位 (signature and department)
按照国家科技期刊翻译标准，本部分的翻译需用统一格 式。
作者：姓，全部大写；名，首字母大写，其余小写，双 名在中间加连字符，不缩写。
例：毛泽东为 MAO Ze-dong ；张仲景为 ZHANG Zhongjing
（四）关键词（key words） 关键词指那些出现在论文标题以及摘要、正文
中，能够表现论文主题内容特征、具有实质意义 的语言词汇。
关键词可以是名词、动词、形容词或词组。 一般3～8个词为宜。多个关键词之间用“，”或
“；”分隔,以便于计算机自动切分。
论文英文摘要翻译浅析(优秀3篇)
论文英文摘要翻译浅析（优秀3篇）范文为教学中作为模范的文章，也常常用来指写作的模板。
常常用于文秘写作的参考，也可以作为演讲材料编写前的参考。
那么我们该如何写一篇较为完美的范文呢？下面是小编为大伙儿带来的3篇《论文英文摘要翻译浅析》，可以帮助到您，就是小编最大的乐趣哦。
摘要的英语说法篇一summary摘要的英语例句：篇二1、 First, we have this roundup of the days news.首先来看今天的新闻摘要。
2、 The material below is a distillation of his work.下面的材料是他工作的摘要。
3、 Viewers saw him anchoring a five-minute summary of regional news.观众看见他主持一个5分钟的地方新闻摘要节目。
4、The organization publishes a regular digest of environmental statistics.该组织定期出版一份环境统计数据摘要。
5、 Well be back after the break with a round-up oftodays other stories.休息之后我们会摘要报道今天其他的新闻。
6、 Later we received resumes of what she had said.后来我们收到她讲话的摘要。
7、Objective Inquiry into the heavy asphy_iation rescues measure of the new born.摘要目的探讨新生儿重度窒息抢救的措施。
8、 He has abstracted the speech.他对讲话作了摘要。
9、 He made an abstract of a long article.他对一篇长文章做了摘要。
毕业论文摘要英文翻译
毕业论文摘要英文翻译Abstract:This paper examines the effects of exercise on mental health and well-being. As individuals continue to face increasing levels of stress and anxiety, it is important to explore alternative methods of managing and improving mental well-being. Exercise has been widely recognized as a potential solution, and numerous studies have investigated the relationship between physical activity and mental health. This research aims to synthesize and evaluate existing literature to determine the impact of exercise on mental health outcomes. The study also investigates the mechanisms through which exercise influences mental well-being.The literature review confirms the positive relationship between exercise and mental health. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Furthermore, exercise is associated with improved cognitive function and increased self-esteem. Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the beneficial effects of exercise, including the release of endorphins, increased blood flow to the brain, and social interaction.Despite the evidence supporting the positive effects of exercise on mental health, barriers exist that prevent individuals from engaging in regular physical activity. These barriers include lack of time, motivation, and access to exercise facilities. Strategies to overcome these barriers are discussed, such as incorporating exercise intodaily routines, setting realistic goals, and utilizing community resources.In conclusion, exercise has a significant positive impact on mental health and well-being. This research highlights the importance of integrating physical activity into daily life, especially in the face of increasing levels of stress and anxiety. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for individuals, healthcare providers, and policymakers. By promoting the benefits of exercise and addressing the barriers to physical activity, society can strive towards improved mental well-being for all.。
摘要用中文翻译成英文
摘要用中文翻译成英文摘要用中文翻译成英文摘要也就是内容提要,是论文中不可缺少的一部分,论文摘要是一篇具有独立性的短文,有其特别的地方,摘要的英文版是什么？来看下面的内容：摘要用中文翻译成英文【1】毕业论文AbstractTitanium ore, elected from magnetite or Titan magnetite, is widely used as the raw material in the production of titanium dioxide.Titanium quality and its yield constraints is often the bottle neck in the titanium industry. Thus, we can not blindly consume a large amount of capital to maintain or improve its quality and yield.This paper makes an attempt to explores and optimize the development of the titanium industry, through inside and outside observation and association.In this paper, flotation tests are conducted to compare the original pulp titanium ore with Polyacrylamide and that without on the concentrate grade yield of titanium concentrates.In this process, the consumption of drugs, the recovery rate of , equipment utilization, the amount and cost of polyacrylamide (PAM) areall considered to determine whether it is a ptimization program to add Polyacrylamide to the original flotation pulp of titanium ore.Finally, we reach a conclusion through relevant data .In the experimental process, in principle, we do not change the originalflotation process and the relevant parameters.Key words: Titanium ore; Flotation; Polyacrylamide; quality; yield.毕业论文摘要的书写方法和技巧【2】1.摘要的作用摘要也就是内容提要，是论文中不可缺少的一部分。
英文摘要翻译_英文摘要
英文摘要翻译_英文摘要Interntionliztion of the Open University of Chin nd its Strtegic Rodmp Wng YibingThis study nlyzes the interntionliztion chrcteristics of trditionl universities nd interntionliztion of the Open University of Chin (OUC) nd its strtegic rodmp. It posits tht interntionliztion of universities hs lredy become n indispensible choice n importnt field for reforms nd innovtions, must strtegy for rpid development for higher eduction in developing countries. Interntionliztion is systems engineering, clling for reforms nd innovtions, involving university leders, fculties nd deprtments, nd ll stff members. The uthor puts forwrd the following strtegic rodmp for OUC: enhncing cpcity building through globlizing eduction concepts nd ides, teching stff nd courses; building interntionl reputtion by mximizing its strengths nd influences; developing interntionl eduction coopertion nd exchnge progrms with provincil brnches nd regionl colleges of OUC mking use of the regionl dvntges to suit the locl needs; brodening strtegic development, opportunities nd pltforms for joint eduction projectsthrough developing prtnerships with interntionl institutes; nd developing courses bout neighboring countries, their lnguges, culture nd generl bckground, etc.Keywords: eduction interntionliztion; interntionliztion of universities; Open UniversityComprtive Study on Distnce Eduction Reserch Developmentnd Current Focus in Chin nd the US:From Reserch Journl PerspectiveHo DnBeing pltform for issuing cdemic reserch fruits, the ppers on scientific journls reflect the development context nd hotspots of current reserch. This reserch selects 2141 ppers (from 2000 to 2022) of two scientific journls, Distnce Eduction in Chin nd the mericn journl of distnce eduction. These ppers re divided into six reserch fields. In the comprtive study, the points of common concern by the two journls re discovered in seven yers, nd the chrcteristics in prctices nd reserches in Distnce Eduction re reflected in the chnges in concerning res. Reserchers hope tht thisreserch cn help to forecst the topics tht needed to be focused on, which will contribute to selecting topics in scientific reserch nd journl edit.Keywords: Distnce Eduction in Chin nd US; comprtive study; scientific journlStudy of Successful Distnce English Lerners’Lerning StrtegiesXio JunhongReserch on the good lnguge lerner’s lerning strtegies hs been high on the gend of prctitioners in the field of Teching English s Second/Foreign Lnguge (ESL/EFL). Nevertheless, the mjority of studies were undertken in the conventionl lerning context. This study, therefore, set out to focus on the good distnce lnguge lerner, investigting 10 successful nd 10 unsuccessful distnce English lerners in Chin with the im of constructing ‘lerning strtegy’profile of the successful distnce lerner. Using the reserch instrument of semi-structured interview, this study investigted the difference in lerning strtegies between successful nd unsuccessful distnce Englishlerners in terms of vocbulry, grmmr nd pronuncition, the skills of listening, speking, reding nd writing, metcognitive skills s well s socil skills. Findings indicte tht the lerning strtegies dopted by successful lerners embodied more rtionl fetures in comprison with those used by unsuccessful lerners, hence ble to better compenste for lck of prctice in the process of distnce English lerning. Implictions for effective distnce English instruction were lso discussed in the rticle.Keywords: teching English t distnce; successful English lerner; lerning strtegyEduction Opportunities for Specil Groups: Cse Study in PrisonZhng ZhengwuModern distnce eduction hs become the key plyer for building lifelong lerning system nd lerning society. It is new chllenging tsk to provide distnce eduction progrms to prisoners to serve their specil needs. On the one hnd, prisoners need to be educted, nd there re strong infrstructure fcilities nd trining expertise; on the other hnd,there tends to be conservtive eduction philosophy in prisons, nd teching mngement, interctive lerning nd orgnizing exms my be difficult. The cse presented in the study provides some experience in offering distnce eduction progrms in prisons in terms of student enrolment, mngement, teching, exmintion nd lerning support.Keywords: Open Lerning; distnce eduction in prison; innovtion; modeDesigning Online Courses in Cloud Computing Environment:the Cse of Modern Eduction TechnologyWen Xioyong nd Hung Weilings the core technology of next genertion online computing pltforms, cloud computing is to bring bout drstic trnsformtion in eduction. This study focuses on the design strtegies for online courses in cloud computing environment. It puts forwrd cloud-ground integrtion construction mode, in which, free open source softwre pieces re instlled on the desktop terminls while cloudservices re provided by cloud providers. Effective integrtion of the two relizes digitliztion of teching contents nd interctive online teching ctivities between techers nd students. cse ws presented in the study nd student lerning profiles re followed. The results indicte tht such design mode significntly improves resource shring nd lerner-instructor interction.Keywords: online courses; cloud computing; construction mode; cloud services Interntionliztion of the Open University of Chin nd its Strtegic RodmpWng YibingThis study nlyzes the interntionliztion chrcteristics of trditionl universities nd interntionliztion of the Open University of Chin (OUC) nd its strtegic rodmp. It posits tht interntionliztion of universities hs lredy become n indispensible choice n importnt field for reforms nd innovtions, must strtegy for rpid development for higher eduction in developing countries. Interntionliztion is systems engineering, clling for reforms nd innovtions, involving university leders, fculties nd deprtments, nd ll stff members. The uthor puts forwrd the following strtegicrodmp for OUC: enhncing cpcity building through globlizing eduction concepts nd ides, teching stff nd courses; building interntionl reputtion by mximizing its strengths nd influences; developing interntionl eduction coopertion nd exchnge progrms with provincil brnches nd regionl colleges of OUC mking use of the regionl dvntges to suit the locl needs; brodening strtegic development, opportunities nd pltforms for joint eduction projects through developing prtnerships with interntionl institutes; nd developing courses bout neighboring countries, their lnguges, culture nd generl bckground, etc.Keywords: eduction interntionliztion; interntionliztion of universities; Open UniversityComprtive Study on Distnce Eduction Reserch Developmentnd Current Focus in Chin nd the US:From Reserch Journl PerspectiveHo DnBeing pltform for issuing cdemic reserch fruits, the ppers on scientific journls reflect the development contextnd hotspots of current reserch. This reserch selects 2141 ppers (from 2000 to 2022) of two scientific journls, Distnce Eduction in Chin nd the mericn journl of distnce eduction. These ppers re divided into six reserch fields. In the comprtive study, the points of common concern by the two journls re discovered in seven yers, nd the chrcteristics in prctices nd reserches in Distnce Eduction re reflected in the chnges in concerning res. Reserchers hope tht this reserch cn help to forecst the topics tht needed to be focused on, which will contribute to selecting topics in scientific reserch nd journl edit.Keywords: Distnce Eduction in Chin nd US; comprtive study; scientific journlStudy of Successful Distnce English Lerners’Lerning StrtegiesXio JunhongReserch on the good lnguge lerner’s lerning strtegies hs been high on the gend of prctitioners in the field of Teching English s Second/Foreign Lnguge (ESL/EFL). Nevertheless, the mjority of studies wereundertken in the conventionl lerning context. This study, therefore, set out to focus on the good distnce lnguge lerner, investigting 10 successful nd 10 unsuccessful distnce English lerners in Chin with the im of constructing ‘lerning strtegy’profile of the successful distnce lerner. Using the reserch instrument of semi-structured interview, this study investigted the difference in lerning strtegies between successful nd unsuccessful distnce English lerners in terms of vocbulry, grmmr nd pronuncition, the skills of listening, speking, reding nd writing, metcognitive skills s well s socil skills. Findings indicte tht the lerning strtegies dopted by successful lerners embodied more rtionl fetures in comprison with those used by unsuccessful lerners, hence ble to better compenste for lck of prctice in the process of distnce English lerning. Implictions for effective distnce English instruction were lso discussed in the rticle.Keywords: teching English t distnce; successful English lerner; lerning strtegyEduction Opportunities for Specil Groups: Cse Study in PrisonZhng ZhengwuModern distnce eduction hs become the key plyer for building lifelong lerning system nd lerning society. It is new chllenging tsk to provide distnce eduction progrms to prisoners to serve their specil needs. On the one hnd, prisoners need to be educted, nd there re strong infrstructure fcilities nd trining expertise; on the other hnd, there tends to be conservtive eduction philosophy in prisons, nd teching mngement, interctive lerning nd orgnizing exms my be difficult. The cse presented in the study provides some experience in offering distnce eduction progrms in prisons in terms of student enrolment, mngement, teching, exmintion nd lerning support.Keywords: Open Lerning; distnce eduction in prison; innovtion; modeDesigning Online Courses in Cloud Computing Environment:the Cse of Modern Eduction TechnologyWen Xioyong nd Hung Weilings the core technology of next genertion online computing pltforms, cloud computing is to bring bout drstic trnsformtion in eduction. This study focuses on the design strtegies for online courses in cloud computing environment. It puts forwrd cloud-ground integrtion construction mode, in which, free open source softwre pieces re instlled on the desktop terminls while cloud services re provided by cloud providers. Effective integrtion of the two relizes digitliztion of teching contents nd interctive online teching ctivities between techers nd students. cse ws presented in the study nd student lerning profiles re followed. The results indicte tht such design mode significntly improves resource shring nd lerner-instructor interction.Keywords: online courses; cloud computing; construction mode; cloud services英文摘要1。
学术论文中文摘要的英译分析
摘要: 英语论文格式学术论文摘要的英译可以促进国际间的学术交流。
文中说明了摘要的内涵、分类, 分析了英译摘要中由于汉英语言组织形式的差异而导致的常见错误, 阐述了英译摘要的重要意义及翻译方法与技巧。
关键词: 学术论文; 摘要; 翻译信息时代下各个领域的信息交流与合作日益增多, 在国内外参加学术活动和在学术刊物上发表的论文一般都要求有中文和英文摘要, 学士、硕士、博士的毕业论文对英文摘要也有相应要求。
因此, 从汉英语言组织形式的差异探讨英文摘要的翻译方法和技巧, 找寻其规律, 从而顺利完成汉英两种语言的转换, 无疑是一个很好的切入点。
一、摘要的内涵与分类1.摘要的内涵根据国际标准化组织(ISO) 在 ISO214- 1976(E)中的定义, 摘要是对文献内容的准确扼要而不加注释或评论的简略叙述。
是一篇不依附原文的独立短文, 具有自明性、独立性和完整性, 是文章内容的高度浓缩。
它按一定的规范格式表达原论文的全部重要内容, 担负着吸引读者和提供论文足够信息量的功能。
2.摘要的分类摘要大致分为报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道-指示性摘要三种类型。
报道性摘要是指明一则文献的主题范围及内容梗概的简明摘要, 相当于简介。
一般用来反映科技文章的目的、方法及主要结果与结论, 在有限的字数内向读者提供尽可能多的定性或定量的信息, 充分反映该研究的创新之处。
学术期刊(或论文集) 多选用报道性摘要。
指示性摘要是指明一则文献的论题及取得的成果的性质和水平的摘要, 其目的是使读者对该研究的主要内容(即作者做了什么工作)有一个轮廓性的了解。
创新内容较少的论文, 其摘要可写成指示性摘要, 一般适用于学术性期刊的简报、问题讨论等栏目以及技术性期刊等。
报道- 指示性摘要介于上述两者之间, 是以报道性摘要的形式表述一则文献中信息价值较高的部分, 而以指示性摘要的形式表示其余部分。
二、中文摘要英译的意义及原则科技发展离不开国际间科技交流, 国际间科技交流离不开英文科技写作, 国际索引期刊每年要收录大量学术论文的英文摘要, 这是国际学者了解非英文期刊文献科技成果的重要途径。
论文英文摘要翻译
论文英文摘要翻译AbstractThe rapid development of technology has greatly affected various industries, including the education sector. E-learning, as a form of remote education, has gained popularity in recent years. This paper aims to investigate the impact of e-learning on students' learning outcomes and motivation.To achieve this objective, a literature review was conducted to identify the relevant research on e-learning and its effects. The findings show that e-learning has positive effects on students' learning outcomes, such as increased knowledge acquisition and self-directed learning skills. E-learning provides a flexible learning environment, allowing students to access educational resources anytime and anywhere. This convenience enhances students' motivation and engagement in learning activities.However, the effectiveness of e-learning depends on various factors. The quality of the e-learning platform and instructional design plays a crucial role in engaging students and promoting effective learning. In addition, the role of teachers in facilitating e-learning is also important. Teachers' guidance and support are essential in helping students navigate the online learning platform and clarify any doubts.Moreover, the digital divide is a significant challenge in implementing e-learning. Not all students have access to reliable internet connection and necessary technological devices. Therefore, it is crucial to bridge the digital divide to ensure equalopportunities in e-learning.Furthermore, challenges such as limited social interaction and a lack of personalized feedback in e-learning need to be addressed. Efforts should be made to incorporate interactive features and provide timely feedback to promote effective learning and address students' individual needs.In conclusion, e-learning has the potential to positively impact students' learning outcomes and motivation. However, it is crucial to address challenges related to technological infrastructure, instructional design, and teacher support to maximize the benefits of e-learning. Future research should focus on exploring effective strategies for integrating e-learning into traditional educational settings to create a blended learning approach.Keywords: e-learning, learning outcomes, motivation, instructional design, teacher support。
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On Street Children During the Social Transition in Russia
动宾型标题: 译成动名词短语 浅析国内英语测试研究现状
Analyzing English Test Research in Our Country 谈 “红色勋章”中的印象主义和自然主义
Talking on the Impressionism and Naturalism In the Red Bandage of Courage 利用波浪能量淡化海水
Sun Yat-sen University
Guangdong University of Foreign Studies 湖南师范大学 Hunan Normal University
摘要 abstract
要写好科技论文的英文摘要, 首先要写好中文摘要, 再在此基础上译成英文。要按照英语习惯进行翻译, 切不可依照中文摘要的语序逐字逐句地直译。
Psychological Training in Soccer 足球运动对中学生余暇体育的特殊影响
Football movement to middle-school student -odd free time sports special influence
Football’s Impact on High School Students’ Leisure-time Sports
与中文题名相比较，二者用词虽有差别，但内容上是一致 的。
凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。例如：The Effect of Groundwater Quality on the Wheat Yield and Quality．其 中两处的冠词the 均可不用。 题名字母的大小写有以下3种格式。 1. 全部字母大写。例如：OPTIMAL DISPOSITION OF ROLLER CHAIN DRIVE 2. 每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连 词、介词全部小写。例如：The Deformation and Strength of Concrete Dams with Defects 3. 题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小写。例如： Topographic inversion of interval velocities． 目前2.格式用得最多，而3.格式的使用有增多的趋势。
总的原则是，题名应确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论 文特定内容的前提下，题名词数越少越好
中英文题名的一致性。同一篇论文，其英文题名与中文题 名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应: 从世界多体化英语教学理论看我国英语教学
World Englishes Theory Can Improve Our English Reading
摘要 abstract
应该用简洁、明确的语言将论文的“目的(Purposes)”， 主要的研究“过程(Procedures)”及所采用的“方法 (Methods)”，由此得到的主要“结果(Results)”和得出 的重要“结论(Conclusions)”表达清楚。如有可能，还应 尽量提一句论文结果和结论的应用范围和应用情况。也就 是说，要写好摘要，作者必须回答好以下几个问题：
shallow to talk strengthening a teenager spreads the ball technical training method
Strengthening Teenagers’ Spreading Skill 足球运动中的心理训练
The player's psychological training of soccer
phrase)最常见，即题名基本上由1个或几个名词加 上其前置和(或)后置定语构成 浅析篮球基本功
A brief analysis of basic skills in basketball 基因疗法 Gene Therapy 英汉翻译中的信息转换 Information Shift in
Utilizing Wave Energy for Seawater Desalting 探讨大学英语教材中的语用问题
Exploring Pragmatic Knowledge in College English Textbook
陈述句标题: 译成句子或短语 从世界多体化英语教学理论看我国英语教学
On the Quality of American College Students Career Services 试论比较教育中的实地调查 On the “Field Work” in Comparative Education Research 大阪大学通识教育实践模式研究
On Practice Mode of General Education at Osaka University 教学行为研究在阅读教学中的作用
浅析篮球基本功
A brief analysis of basic skills in basketball sport 浅析如何提高抢篮板球技术
Discussion on How to Improve Rebound Technology
国际标准组织规定, 论文标题一般不要超过20个英文单词, 美国医学会规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符 号和空格；美国国立癌症研究所杂志J Nat Cancer Inst 要求题名不超过14个词；英国数学会要求题名不超过12个 词。这些规定可供我们参考。
1) 本文的目的或要解决的问题( What I want to do? ) 2) 解决问题的方法及过程( How I did it? ) 3) 主要结果及结论( What results did I get and what conclusions can I draw? ) 4) 本文的创新、独到之处( What is new and original in this paper? )
例如：Can Agricultural Mechanization be Realized Without Petroleum?(农业机械化能睛”: 主题和中心内容 准确,简明扼要,生动醒目,用词质朴
英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语(noun
Thermodynamic Characteristics of Water Absorption of Heat-treated Wood(热处理木材的水分吸着热力学特性)。
短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺序很重要， 词序不当，会导致表达不准。
题名一般不应是陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使 题名具有判断式的语义；况且陈述句不够精练和醒目，重点也不易突 出。少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名，因 为疑问句可有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。
English-Chinese Translation
短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺 序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。
电子管收音机和晶体管收音机的优缺点
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Vacuum Tube Radios and Transistor Radios
外语学习主体多元化评价的效应研究
A Study of the Effects of Multi-valuator Evaluation on Foreign Language learning
美国大学生职业生涯规划服务质量研究
Research on the Quality of American College Students Career Services
一般而言, 英文摘要是中文摘要的转译, 所以应按照 英文的语言习惯准确地译出中文摘要的内容, 字数 没有硬性规定, 但普遍认为150~ 180 个单词为宜。
规范的英文摘要一般包括目的、方法、结果和结论, 总体要求重点突出、表达确切、简明扼要。切忌将 中文摘要逐字逐句直译, 或按照中文句式的思维模 式来写英文, 否则英文摘要将会显得罗嗦、不流畅, 有时甚至词不达意或成为中式英文。
题名中的缩略词语。已得到整个科技界或本行业科技人员 公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中，否则不要轻易使用。
WTO, FIFA, GSU(Guangzhou Sport University)
作者与作者单位的英译 1) 作者: 中国人名按汉语拼音拼写；其他非英语国
家人名按作者自己提供的罗马字母拼法拼写。Hu Hansan, George Bush 2) 单位: 单位名称要写全(由小到大)，并附地址和 邮政编码，确保联系方便。另外，单位英译一定要 采用本单位统一的译法(即本单位标准译法)，切不 可另起炉灶。 广州体育学院 Guangzhou Sport University 中山大学 Zhongshan University
我国退役运动员社会保障体系的现状、问题及对策
Present Situation, Problems and Counter-measure of the Social Security System for Our Retired Athletes
常见模式 对…的研究\探讨\探索\分析\综述\述评 (A \The) research on…..\
Action Research in the Teaching of Reading 俄罗斯社会转型时期流浪儿童成长问题探析
An Analysis of the Development of Street Children During the Social Transition in Russia