论文英文摘要怎么写
本科毕业论文英文摘要撰写
本科毕业论⽂英⽂摘要撰写本科毕业论⽂英⽂摘要(Abstract)撰写⼀、本科毕业论⽂英⽂题⽬的拟订（⼀）名词性题⽬英⽂题⽬通常由名词性短语构成，即由⼀个或多个名词加上其前置定语或后置定语构成，因此标题中⼀般出现名词、形容词、介词、冠词和连词，若出现动词，⼀般是现在分词、过去分词或动名词。
⾼温对产蛋鸡产蛋性能、耗料及体重的影响Effect of High Temperature on Egg Performance, Feed Consumption, Feed to EggRatio and Body Weight in the laying hens繁殖技术对南美⾁⽜⽣产的影响Impacts of Reproductive Technologies on Beef Production in South America不同断奶⽇龄仔猪对⾎清代谢物⽔平的变化(影响)Effect of Weaning Age on Serum Metabolite Level in Piglets撰写英⽂题⽬时⼀个简单有效的⽅法是寻找出⼀个可以反映论⽂核⼼内容的主题词，依次进⾏扩展成为名词短语，使之包含论⽂的关键信息，并注意词语间的修饰要恰当。
Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS SARS 的实验室诊断Freezing and storing sperm 冷冻和储存的精⼦Diseases and Husbandry of Cattle 奶⽜的疾病和饲养每条标题⼀般是10-12个词，最多不要超过25个词。
如还不能⾜以概括全⽂内容，可⽤副标题加以补充说明。
First International Conference on Wireless Innovations ：New Technologies andEvolving Policies⾸届国际⽆线改⾰会议—新技术与进展政策需要说明的是如果论⽂题⽬是疑问句，句尾⼀般有问号；但如果是完整的陈述句，句尾没有句号。
论文英文摘要要求与格式
论文英文摘要要求与格式The abstract of an English research paper should typicallybe around 120-250 words. Here is a general requirement andformat for writing an abstract:1. Introduction: Start with a brief introduction to thetopic and briefly explain its significance.2. Purpose/Objective: Clearly state the objective or purpose of the study.3. Methods: Describe the methodology or approach used in the study.5. Conclusion: Provide a summary of the main conclusions derived from the study.6. Implications: Discuss the implications or significance of the findings.7. Future Research: Suggest potential future research directions or studies.8. Keywords: Include a few relevant keywords or phrases that capture the essence of the paper.Remember, an abstract should be concise, clear, and engaging. It should give the readers an overview of the research paper and make them interested in reading the full paper.Note: The length of the abstract can vary depending on the requirements of the journal or conference where you plan to submit your paper. Some journals may specify a maximum word count, while others may have a minimum and maximum word count range. Make sure to follow the specific guidelines provided by the target journal or conference.。
学术论文英文摘要格式
学术论文英文摘要格式学术论文英文摘要格式英文题名和英文摘要是学术类和技术类科技期刊论文的重要组成部分,是国际间传播、学术交流与合作的桥梁和媒介,有其特殊的意义和作用。
好的英文题名和英文摘要对于增加期刊和论文的被检索和引用机会、吸引读者、扩大影响起着不可忽视的作用。
为了帮助读者撰写论文英文题名和英文摘要,本文总结了学术论文英文摘要格式的基本要求及注意事项,以给读者提供参考和指导。
学术论文英文摘要格式一、论文题名1.英文题名撰写的基本要求题名应简明、具体、确切,能概括文章的主旨,符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则并有助于选择关键词和分类号。
中文题名一般不超过20个汉字,必要时可加副题名。
题名中应避免使用非公知公用的缩略语、字符、代号以及结构式和公式。
英文题名的首字母及各个实词的首字母应大写。
2.英文题名撰写的注意事项除了以上基本要求,我们在写英文题名时还应注意以下几个问题。
(1)英文题名的结构。
英文题名以短语为主要形式,尤以名词短语最常见,即题名基本由一个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。
短语型题名要确定好中心词,再进行前后修饰,要注意采用正确的单词顺序,形容词应与其所修饰的名词紧密相邻。
(2)英文题名中的冠词有简化的趋势,凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。
英文题名开头第一个字不得用the, and, an和a。
(3)英文题名中的大小写有以下3种格式:全部字母大写;每个词的首字母大写,但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写;题名第一个词的首字母大写,其余均小写。
(4)中英文题名的一致性。
同一篇论文,其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致,但不等于说词语要一一对应。
在许多情况下,个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。
总之,题名的用词十分重要,它直接关系到读者对文章的取舍态度,务必字字斟酌。
二、论文摘要1.摘要的定义摘要又称概要、内容提要。
摘要是论文主体的高度浓缩,它应该能提炼论文的主要观点,简明地描述论文的内容和范围,简短地进行概括和总结。
英文摘要的写法
Stokes output and good pulse shape.
资料性摘要概括地阐述论文或报告中的主要
结论，重点突出文中提及的新发现或有别于
其他同类研究的结论。
结合型摘要 (Informative Indicative Abstracts)
此类摘要综合了说明性摘要和资料性摘要
的特点
（1）This article discusses some possible roles for self-access pathways, particularly in cultures which have no tradition of self-study. （ 2 ） It suggests how pathways might influence the design and running of self-access centres, （3）and gives an illustration of how pathways were designed and employed in a centre in China. Feedback is based on a minisurvey distributed to thirty users.
Abstract: （ 1 ） This paper discusses the
effect of processing temperature on the room temperature resistivity and PTC
characteristic of the PS matrix Sn-Pb alloy composite. （ 2 ） The results show that … and the low melting point of Sn-Pb alloy results in the excellent PTC characteristic.
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。
本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。
AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。
英语摘要写法
摘要（Abstract）摘要(Abstract) 也成为内容提要，通常在学士论文中都必须附有摘要，其位置应放在论文的正文之前，对整个论文内容的概述。
无论对专业读者还是对非专业读者而言，摘要都是一个非常重要的文件。
摘要如果和论文一起发表，则被称为一次性出版物摘要，主要用于帮助读者评价文章内容及其潜在作用，使读者不必阅读全文就可以了解论文的内容。
除此之外，摘要也可以被单独收入文摘机构出版的摘要期刊如：生物学文摘（Biological Abstract）、化学文摘（Chemical Abstract）等、称为二次性出版物摘要。
此类脱离论文独立成篇的摘要主要用于方便读者检索文献、收集信息，帮助研究者寻找新的研究领域。
一．摘要的定义摘要的英文术语：有两个词汇，一个是abstract, 一个是summary.根据美国国家标准学会（American National Standard Institute）于1971年通过并颁布的《美国国家文摘写作标准》（American National Standard for Writing Abstracts）规定，Abstract 不应与summary 混同。
Abstract 对一篇论文的主要内容以精炼的文字进行高度概括，使读者不必阅读全文即可了解论文内容，或者让读者对即将阅读的文章有思想准备，或者让读者判断是否有通读全文的必要。
文中只对论文信息进行浓缩，而不加主观评论或解释，可以脱离原文而独立成篇。
字数通常在100~150个词左右，更确切地说，约为原文长度的1% ~ 5%（有的杂志规定摘要平均为全文的3% ~ 5%）。
现在越来越多的用法是abstract. 尤其是放在索引资料中一律要用abstract 这个术语，在论文的题目下也通常要用这个词。
Summary (概要) 与abstract 无明显差别。
严格地说，summary 一般附在论文的后面，对论文的主要结论和成果进行再叙述。
英文摘要的写法
主要结论
The results indicated that … The results show that … The results demonstrated that … The results reveal that …
由It 引起的that 从句 It was shown that … It can be seen that … It was found that … It was discovered that … It was concluded that … It has been demonstrated that It was clarified that … It was revealed that … It is considered that … It was confirmed that … It is suggested that … It was supposed that … It has become apparent that …
2、过程与方法(How did you do it?) 过程及方法。主要说明作者主要工作过程及所用的方法，也 应包括众多的边界条件，使用的主要设备和仪器。在英文摘要中， 过程与方法的阐述起着承前启后的作用。开头交待了要解决的问 题(What do you want )之后，接着要回答的自然就是如何解决问 题(How did you do)，而且，最后的结果和结论也往往与研究过 程及方法是密切相关的。大多数作者在阐述过程与方法时，最常 见的问题是泛泛而谈、空洞无物，只有定性的描述，使读者很难 清楚地了解论文中解决问题的过程和方法。因此，在说明过程与 方法时，应结合(指向)论文中的公式、实验框图等来进行阐述， 这样可以既给读者一个清晰的思路，又给那些看不懂中文(但却可 以看懂公式、图、表等)的英文读者以一种可信的感觉。
英语论文摘要怎么写
英语论文摘要怎么写，并附上范例一则，希望对大家的英语论文摘要写作有所帮助。
英语专业本科毕业论文论文摘要格式中英文摘要对应，内容要基本保持一致;中文在前，英文在后。
字数为300-500字左右。
1.中文摘要①首行居中打印论文中文标题(宋体四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印摘要二字(宋体小四号加粗)，字间空一字符。
③摘要二字下空一行打印摘要内容(宋体小四号)。
④摘要内容后下空一行打印关键词三字(宋体小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个，宋体小四号)，各关键词之间用逗号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
2.英文摘要①首行居中打印论文英文标题(Times New Roman四号加粗)②下空一行居中打印英文单词Abstract (Times New Roman 小四号加粗)。
③下空一行打印摘要内容(Times New Roman小四，1.5倍行距，两端对齐)④摘要内容后下空一行打印Key Words ( Times New Roman 小四号加粗)，其后接着打印关键词(3-7个关键词，Times New Roman小四号)。
除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写。
各关键词之间用分号隔开，最后一个关键词后不打标点符号。
⑤摘要正文各自然段首行空5个字符。
Self-Knowledge of Emma(空1行)Abstract(空1行)Emma lives in a quite simple environment. When she is a little child, her mother dies and she is spoiled by her father. Having such a background, Emma is dominant, aggressive and imaginative. After she experiences the two major affairs in her life----the relationship with Harriet and her emotion towards Mr. Knightley, she realizes her own faults and acquires self-knowledge of both moral faults and emotion.After Emma fails to be a match-maker of Harriet and Mr. Knightley, she comes to know that feelings can not be imagined and that she should not force her own idea on others mind. And this is the very beginning of Emma s self-knowledge.(空1行)Key Words: Emma; characters; match-making; self-knowledge范例：A Brief Discussion on Cultural Difference between Chinese and EnglishAbstractWord is the product of society,which is the history of mankind and which is the crystallization of history and culture.It embodied a nation's social consciousness from generation to generation, history, culture, and other areas all the features of human society. The essence of which is dependent because of their different cultural background, language background and traditional factors above. chinese and english are quite different.such as mode of living,values,atandard of behavior,formality,customs. Language is is both the carrier and the product of culture, the cultural enrichment of information is an important part ofculture, Language reflects the culture of development and changes, but also a direct reflection of the cultural differences.As we all know china and english has different cultural atmosphere .china has a long history and rich culture. English in the contemporary world political, economic, cultural and other fields to play with temporary no other language can replace the role of English in a number of countries in addition to the mother tongue but also as a second language or foreign language in common use in many countries. As a symbol system, English is a kind of language, on their use, in today's world there are all sorts of English and English is in fact the name of a simple terms, we can not hope that justice Literal It is a single, homogeneous phenomenon it is all around the world and under different circumstances the use of the many variants of the English pool. However, due to geographical, historical, cultural, and social customs of different factors such as the impact of today's visit to English furniture has evolved into a wider impact on the two variants of the worldwide English, which is British English and American English. With the development of their own language, their own characteristics of the formation, and there are differences between. In American English and British English, is concernedabout the characteristics of the norms word. In this paper, the British and American English in origin and development of a simple introduction, the United Kingdom and the United States in terms of language study and to explore differences in the two English-speaking characteristics and differences, the right to express and enrich the relevant knowledge of English, improve application English ability.Key word: dependent; culture; atmosphere中西方文化差异摘要词是社会的的结晶，是人类历史和文化的结晶。
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论文英文摘要怎么写
一、绪论
文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。
美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。
而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。
因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。
论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。
国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。
而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。
摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。
语言上要求尽量简炼。
摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。
书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三;论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。
摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。
写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。
二、要的类型与基本内容
英文摘要内容包含题名、摘要及关键词。
gb7713—87规定，为了国际交流，科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文应附有外
文(多用英文)摘要。
原则上讲，以上中文摘要编写的注意事项都适用于英文摘要，但英语有其自己的表达方式、语言习惯，在撰写英文摘要时应特别注意。
摘要分陈述性的(Descriptive)和资料性的(Informational)两类。
陈述性摘要只说明论文、书籍或文章的主题，多半不介绍内容。
资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。
它可以包括三个组成部分
①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图;
②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌;
③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。
三、英文题名
1)题名的结构。
英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语(nounphrase)最常见，即题名基本上由1个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。
例如：thefrequentbryophytesinthemo untainhelanshan(贺兰山习见苔藓植物);thermodynamicchara cteristicsofwaterabsorptionofheattreatedwood(热处理木材的水分吸着热力学特性)。
短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。
各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。
题名一般不应是陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义;况且陈述句不够精练和醒目，重点也不易突出。
少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名，因为疑
问句可有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。
例如：canagriculturalm echanizationberealizedwithoutpetroleum?(农业机械化能离开石油吗?)。
2)题名的字数。
题名不应过长。
国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制。
例如，美国医学会规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格;美国国立癌症研究所杂志jnat cancerinst 要求题名不超过14个词;英国数学会要求题名不超过12个词。
这些规定可供我们参考。
总的原则是，题名应确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论文特定内容的前提下，题名词数越少越好。
3)中英文题名的一致性。
同一篇论文，其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。
在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。
例如：工业湿蒸汽的直接热量计算，thedirectmeasurementofheattransmittedwetsteam。
英文题名的直译中译文是“由湿蒸汽所传热量的直接计量”，与中文题名相比较，二者用词虽有差别，但内容上是一致的。
4)题名中的冠词。
在早年，科技论文题名中的冠词用得较多，近些年有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。
例如：t heeffectofgroundwaterqualityonthewheatyieldandquality.其中两处的冠词the均可不用。
5)题名中的大小写。
题名字母的大小写有以下3种格式。
全部字母大写。
例如：optimaldispositionofrollerchaindr ive
每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写。
例如：thedeformationandstrengthofconcr etedamswithdefects
题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小写。
例如：topo graphicinversionofintervalVelocities.
目前b.格式用得最多，而c.格式的使用有增多的趋势。
6)题名中的缩略词语。
已得到整个科技界或本行业科技人员公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中，否则不要轻易使用。
四、作者与作者单位的英译
1)作者。
中国人名按汉语拼音拼写;其他非英语国家人名按作者自己提供的罗马字母拼法拼写。
2)单位。
单位名称要写全(由小到大)，并附地址和邮政编码，确保联系方便。
前段时间一些单位机构英译纷纷采取缩写，外人不知所云，结果造成混乱。