2010-2011年英美文学史复习提纲
《英美文学》复习纲要
《英美文学》复习纲要I. Define the following terms1. Lake poets:2. Pre-romanticism:3. Romanticism:4. Byronic heroes5.: Critical Realism:6. Dramatic monologue7. Neo-romanticism8. Naturalism9. Aestheticism10 Stream of consciousness11. .Imagism12. American PuritanismII. Reading comprehension：Passage1O my luve is like a red, red rose,That’s newly sprung in June;O my luve is like the melodieThat’s sweetly played in tune.2As fair thou art , my bonie lass,So deep in luve am I;And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a’ the seas gang dry.3Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear ,And the rocks melt wi’ the sun;And I will luve thee still , my dear,While the sands o’life shall r un.4And fare thee weel,my only luve,And fare thee weel awhile;And I will come again, my luve,Tho’it were ten thousand mile!Questions:1.The poem is entitled____________, written by ______________.2.The theme of the poem is about ________.3.The poem is written in _________dialect.4.The rhythm used in the odd-numbered lines is ______ while that used in the even-numbered lines is __________.5.The rhyme scheme employed in the first two stanzas of the poem is ____ and that employed in the last two stanzas is ___6.List two rhetorical devices used in the poem with one example each.Passage 2For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude,And then my heart with pleasure fillsAnd dances with the _______.…”Questions:1. Identify the poet and the title of the poem. (2 points)2. What is the last word at the end of the line? (1 points)3. What is the metrical pattern and rhyme scheme of the above excerpt? (4 points)4. Please paraphrase this stanza. (3 points)Passage 3She lived unknown, and few could knowWhen Lucy ceased to be;But she is in her grave, and oh,The difference to me!1) Who was the writer?2) What is the name/ title of the poem?3) What does “and oh, /The difference to me!” imply?4) Why the writer use “unknown” and “know” in the same line?Passage 4I heard the merry grasshopper then sing,The black-clad cricket bear a second part;They kept one tune and played on the same string.Seeming to glory in their little art.Small creatures abject thus their voices raise,And in their kind resound their Maker' s praise,Whilst I, as mute, can warble forth no higher lays?Questions:1.This is the ninth of the "Contemplations" written by an early American womanwriter. What is her name?2.Make a brief comment on this short poem.Passage 5HuswiferyMake me, O Lord, thy spinning wheel complete.Thy holy word my distaff make for me.Make mine affections thy swift flyers neat,And make my soul thy holy spool to be.My conversation make to be thy reel,And reel the yam thereon spun of thy wheel. Questions:1. Identify the poet of this poem.2. Make a brief comment on this poemPassage 6Sunset and evening star,And one clear call for me!And may there be no moaning of the bar,When I put out to sea,But such a tide as moving seems asleep,Too full for sound and foam,When that which drew from out the boundless deepTurns again home.Twilight and evening bell,And after that the dark!And may there be no sadness of farewell,When I embark;For though from out our bourne of Time and PlaceThe flood may bear me far,I hope to see my Pilot face to faceWhen I have crossed the bar.Questions:1.Who is the author and what is the title of the poem?2. What are the images of the end of life in the poem?3. What is the theme of the poem?Passage 7•"Standing on the bare ground—my head bathed by the blithe air and uplifted in to infinite space—all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparenteye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal being circulatethrough me; I am part or particle of God. "1. Which work is this selection taken from?2. How do you understand the philosophical ideas in these words?Passage 8The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.Questions:1.Who is the writer of this poem? _______________2.What is the title of this poem? _______________3.What images in this poem suggest Haiku poetry and what images are “modern”?4.What is the effect of the parallel between lines one and two of the poem? And whatfeeling and meaning does the poem express to you?III. Questions and Answers.1. What is the significance of Preface to Lyrical Ballads?(In the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads, Wordsworth set forth his principles of poetry. He based his own poetical theory on the premise that good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. He appealed directly to individual sensation as the foundation in the creation and appreciation of poetry. Ordinary peasants and children may be used as subjects in the poetic creation. As to the language used in poetry, Wordsworth endeavored to bring language near to the real language of men.)2. What does “She” (referring to Lucy) in“She Dwelt Among the Untroden Ways” imply?3. What is the theme of “She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways”?4. “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!/ A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed/ One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.” The a bove quotation is taken from Shelley’s poem ‘Ode to the West wind”. What does the underlined part mean?5. Why did Shelley wish to be “a dead leaf”, “a swift cloud” and asked the West wind to “lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud”?6. What is the image of “nightingale” in Keats’“Ode to a Nightingale”?7. What are Austen’s writing features Jane Austen?(She is one of the realistic novelists. She drew vivid and realistic pictures of everyday life of the country society in her novels. Austen’s work has a very narrow literary field. She confines herself to small country parishes, whose simple country people became the characters of her novels, but within her own field, she is unrivaled. Her novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire. Her pots are straight-forward; there is little action. Her characters are like real living creatures, with faults and virtues mixed as they are in real life. Her prose flows easily and naturally. Her dialogue is admirably true to life.)8. Why does William Makepeace Thackeray give one of his novels the title Vanity Fair and the subtitle “Novel without a Hero”?9. What is the character Rebecca Sharp?What is your opinion on the character Rebecca Sharp?10. What are the major contributions made by the 19th century critical realists?(The major contribution is their perfection of the novel. Like the realists of the 18th century, the 19th century critical realist made use of the form of novel of full and detailed representations of social and political events, and of the fate of individuals and of whole social classes. However, the realistic novels of the 19th century went a step further than those of the 18th century in that they not only pictured the conflicts between individuals who stood for definite social strata, but also showed the broad social conflicts over and above the fate of mere individuals. Their artistic representation of vital social movements such as Chartism, and their vivid description of the dramatic conflicts of the time make the 19th century realistic nov el “the epic of the bourgeois society”.)11. What is the significance of American Puritanism in American literature?12. Please make a brief statements of English critical realism.13. Please summarize the main principles of Mathew Arnold’s literary criticism .14.Pease make a brief summary of the principles of Imagist movement .15.What are the main features of New England Transcendentalism.IV. Topic Discussione examples from Oliver Twist to illustrate the major themes of the novel.2.Please retell the story of The Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens , andthen make comments on it on the terms of its theme and characterization.3.Please retell the story of Vanity Fair written by W. M. Thackeray , and then makecomments on it on the terms of its theme and characterization.4.Please retell the story of Jane Eyre, and then make comments on it on the termsof its theme and characterization.5.Please retell the story of Wuthering Height, and then make comments on it on theterms of its theme and characterization.6.Please retell the story of Scarlet Letter, and then make comments on it on theterms of its theme and characterization.[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
美国文学-文学诗歌期末考试复习大纲
英美文学（2）复习大纲1. Multiple Choices （30 points）基本的文学史实，包括不同时期文学的特点，主要作家的作品以及写作特点等。
2. Gap Filling (10 points)主要作家的代表作3. Definition of Terms (20 points)ImageryWords or phrases that create pictures, or images, in the reader’s mind.American TranscendentalismAme rican Transcendentalism or “New England Transcendentalism” or “American Renaissance” is more of a tendency, an attitude, than the philosophy of Transcendentalists. To “transcend” something is to rise above it, to pass beyond its limits. The major features of New England Transcendentalism can be summarized as the follows:Firstly, the Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirits, or the Over soul, as the most import thing in the Universe.Secondly, they stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual was the most important element of society.Thirdly, they offered a fresh perception of nature as symbol of the Spirit or God. Nature was, to them, alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence. Transcendentalism is based on the belie f that the most fundamental truths about life and death can be reached only by going beyond the world of senses.As a philosophical and literary movement, Transcendentalism flourished in New England from 1830s to the Civil War. Its doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in Emerson and Thoreau.Free VerseFree Verse is a verse that has either no metrical pattern or an irregular pattern. Although most free verse belongs to the 19th and 20th centuries, it can be found in earlier literature, particularly in the Psalms of the Bible.NaturalismAn extreme form of realism. Naturalistic writers usually depict the sordid side of life and show characters who are severely, if not hopelessly, limited by their environment or heredity.ImagismIt is an influential literary movement that took place in Europe and America from about 1910 to 1920. The imagist poet creates a single sharp image that evokes an emotional response in the reader. Imagism was in a reaction to the “bad habits” of the 19th century poets who were too explicit in their commentary and too repetitious in their subjects, patterns, and meters.Local ColoristsA group of writers who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of specific regions, including people living in that area, the landscape, the other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes and so on. The major local colorists are Hamlin Garland, Mark Twain.Lost GenerationThis term has been used again and again to describe the people of the postwar years. When the First World War broke out, many young men volunteered to take part in “the war to end all wars” only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be. Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolous, greedy, and heedless way of life in America, they began to write and they wrote from their own experience in the war. Among these young writers were the most prominent figures in American literature, especially in modern American literature, for example, Robert Frost, Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, etc. They were basically expatriates who left America and formed a community of writers and artists in Paris, involved with other European novelists and poets in their experimentation on new modes of thought and expression. They were later called by an American writer, Gertrude Stein, also expatriates, “The Lost Generation”.Hemingway HeroesThose protagonists in Hemingway’s fiction, who survive in the process if seeking to master the code known as “grace under pressure” with honesty, the discipline, and the restraint.American Puritanism1. The beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)2. Strictness and austerity in conduct and religionAmerican Puritanism was one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and American literature. It has become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, rather than a set of tenets, so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the Americans breathe. Without some understanding of Puritanism, there can be no real understanding of American culture and literature.The Jazz Agethe era that immediately followed World War I and lasted until the beginning of the Depression, during which jazz increased in popularity. It was a reaction to the austerity and hardship of the war and was characterized by extravagance and hedonism.4. Questions (22 points)Because I could not stop for DeathSong of MyselfThe Road Not TakenPactIn a Station of the Metro5. Topic Discussion(18 points)Summarize the story of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and comment on the theme of the novel。
美国文学史复习纲要
1. The Colonial PeriodThe settlement of America in the early 17th century--- the end of the 18th century.The major topicThe major figures2. The Romantic PeriodCovering the first half of the19th century.•The major points:3. The Age of RealismThe Civil War brought the Romantic Period to an end. Covering the end of the 19th century and the first decade of 20th century.•It expresses the concern for the commonplace and the low, and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.•4. American Naturalism•From the first decade of twentieth century to the First World War.•The major figures: Theodore Dreiser, Jack London, and O. Henry5 American ModernismThe literature between the two world wars. This is the most important period in6. American Postmodernism•From the World War II up to now.•Postmodernist writers: John Barth, Philip Roth, Thomas Pinchon, Ishmael Reed and Don Delillo.•The flourishing of minoritarian literature: Jewish-American, African-American and Asian-American literatureis an account of a person’s life written by that person or a book written by oneself about one’s own life. It is characterized by the simplicity of diction, syntax and expression, lucidity of the narrative. Benjamin Franklin…s Autobiography is a good example.Puritanism:Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans, who became American‟s founding fathers. They advocated highly religious and moral principles.The American Puritans were idealists. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.Puritanism has a profound influence on the early American mind and literaturePoor Richard’s Almanac Autobiography Romanticism1800-1865Characteristics of Romanticism (derivative independent)o an innate and intuitive perception of man, nature and society—reliance on the subconscious, the inner life, the abnormal psychologyo an emphasis on freedom, individualism and imagination—rebellion against neoclassicism which stressed formality, order and authority o a profound love for nature—nature as a source of knowledge, nature asa refuge from the present, nature as a revelation of the holy spirito the quest for beauty—pure beautyo the use of antique and fanciful subject matters—sense of terror, Gothic, grotesque, odd and queerMoby-Dick is regarded as the first American prose epic. His ideas:The world is at once Godless and purposelessMan cannot influence and overcome nature at its sourceThemes 1 alienation 2 Rejection and Quest3criticism against Emersonian self-reliant individualSymbolThe Pequod -------- of human society. The voyage ----- search and discovery. The whale Moby Dick------nature Queequeg's coffin ---- symbolizes life and death. The whiteness of Moby Dick --- death and corruption and purity, innocence and youth; final mystery of the universe.The ship on the ocean----- symbol of the whole world with people in quest of its瓦尔登湖A psalm of lifeSonnet—To science abab cdcd efef ggTo Helen ABABB CDCDC AEEAE五行诗节1. Free from the traditional iambic pentameter and writes free verse2. Parallelism3. Phonetic recurrence systematic repetition of words and phrases or sounds4. Long catalogs, giving free rein to poetic imaginationHer poetry is a clear illustration of her religious-ethical and political-social ideas.largest portion of Dickinson‟s poetry concerns andoriginal in art and famous for the economy of expression in diction and the frequent use of dashes.Her poems are short and implicit in meaning. She is regarded as the forerunner of modernism in American poetryThemes: death love natureFrequent use of dashesTranscendentalism.浪漫主义运动的表现形式-超验主义it‟s Romanticism on the Puritan soil Transcendentalism has been defined as the recognition in man of the capacity of acquiring knowledge transcending the reach of the five senses, or of knowing truth intuitively, or of reaching the divine without the need of an intercessor.placed emphasis on spirit, or the Over soul as the most important thing in the universe stressed the importance of the individualoffered a fresh perception of nature a symbolic of the Spirit or Godstressed the power of intuition.He firmly believes in the transcendence of the “Oversoul”.2. Emerson’s Idealism. He sees the world as phenomenal, and emphasizes theneed for idealism, for idealism sees the world in God3. Emerson’s View on Spirit. He sees spirit pervading everywhere4.Emerson’sView on Man. man is made in the image of God and is just a little less then Him.man is divine.5. Emerson’s View on Individuality and Self-Reliance. The individual is the mostimportant of all. E For him, if man depends upon himself, cultivates himself and brings out the divine in himself, he can hope to become better and even perfect.So men should and could be self-reliant.6. Emerson’s Nature. A natural implication of Emerson‟s view on nature is that the world around is symbolicRealismHis later works become darker and more obscure, showing his discontent and disappointment toward the social reality. His last works shows his acute pessimism, despair, skepticism determinism.Humor local color satireThe Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe Gilded Age Life on the Mississippi A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug The Mysterious StrangerThe Innocents Abroad Roughing It Pudd'nhead WilsonAmerican ClaimantNaturalismIs a critical term applied to the method of literary composition that aims at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man•It is thus more inclusive and less selective than realism, and holds to the philosophy of determinism.•It conceives of man as controlled by his instincts or his passions, or by its social and economic environment and circumstances.•Since in this view man has no free will, the naturalistic writer does not attempt to make moral judgments•Since in this view man has no free will, the naturalistic writer does not attempt to make moral judgments.•In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author‟s tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.CharacteristicsA literary trend that prevailed in 1890s in America.1) Emphasis on reality, objectivity, no exaggeration, give no comments andcriticizing;2) The naturalists would go to the slums and describe the poverty and crime;3) Be concerned about the influence of social environment. According to them,human beings are victims of the crushing forces of heredity and environment.Explain human activities and human society according to biological law, highlight the effect of animal instincts and heredity on human beings.5) Apply scientific experiment to writing, try to test human feelings in variouskinds of environment.6) The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile.7) Hold very pessimistic attitude towards human society, and this pessimism oftengoes to determinism.Representatives: CharacteristicFrank Norris（弗兰克·诺里斯）dehumanizedStephen Crane（斯蒂芬·克莱恩）- determinedTheodore Dreiser（西奥多·德莱塞）- moved by inner and outer forcesJack London（杰克·伦敦beyond conscious moral control McTeague Octopus the Pit Vandover and the BruteMaggie: A Girl of the Streets The red badge of courage Sister Carrie Modernism现代主义时期•During the first decades of the 20th century, modernism became an international tendency against positivism and representational art in art and literature. Modernism was the consequence of the transformation of society brought about by industrialism and technology. The essence of modernism wasa break with the past, and it also fostered a belief in art and literature as anavenue to self-fulfillment. The feature was its strong and conscious break with traditional forms, perceptions, and techniques of expressions, and its great concern with language and all aspects of its medium.•It was persistently experimental. Stream of consciousness, the use of myth as a structural principle, and the primary status given to the poetic image, all challenged traditional representation.•Generally speaking, this new desire in craftsmanship and skill was one of the hallmarks of the early decades of the 20th century.Imagism意象派（诞生于现代主义时期）It is a Movement in U.S. and English poetry characterized by the use of concrete language and figures of speech, modern subject matter, metrical freedom, and avoidance of romantic or mystical themes, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images. It was initially led by Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell.（no fuss, frill, or ornament）,（precision and economy of expression）,（free verse form and music）.Launch Imagism setting down the Imagist principlesThe Cantos 《诗章》威廉·卡洛·威廉斯avoided complexity andobscure华莱士·斯蒂文斯Simple lines: an emphasis on vocabulary and imagery rather than prosodyThe faith in poetry : when no one believes in God, it is necessary to believe in something else, such as poetry, a thing created by imaginationAnecdote of the Jar罗伯特The most popular 20th Century American Poet, A four-timeStyl e 1rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, choosingthe old-fashioned way to be new.• 2 employ the plain speech of rural New Englanders.3 use the simple, short, traditional forms of lyrics and Narrative, can probemysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe where man stand alone, unaided and perplexed.Fire and ice Fire - a symbol of desire, or love. Ice - a symbol of hatredtwo weaknesses of human beings that are as destructive as natural disasters The road not taken it does not moralize about choice, it simply says that choice is inevitable but you never know what your choice will mean until you have lived itStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening The poem is primarily oriented towards the pleasures of the scene and the responsibility of life. Metaphors:• Promises –Our own promises or duties that we must fulfill.Miles - experience we must travel through before deathThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black boughthe Great Gatsby 1926The Sun Also Rises 1926, A Farewell to Arms , 1929,the Wasteland.Main Street 1920an American TragedyAmerican Dream:The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for every man, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is not a dream of martial wealth, but a dream of social order. People try to get success no matter what kind of circumstances of birth or position they came from.The lost generationIt refers to the writers who were devoid of faith, values and ideals and who were alienated from the civilization the capitalist society advocated. It includes Ernst Hemingway, F. S.Fitzgerald, Thomas Wolfe, Louis Bromfield., and E.E.Cummings, Ezra Pound，who rebelled against former values and ideas, but replaced them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. They were frustrated by the WWI and returned from that “Great War”to their own country only to find the grim reality that the social values and civilization were hollow.Short storyIt is a fictional prose tale of no specified length, but too short to be published as a volume on its own. It concentrates on a single event with one or two characters. It flourished in the magazines of the 19th and early 20th centuries, especially in the USA, which has a particularly strong tradition. Edgar Allen Poe was considered as the father of modern short story. His short stories like the cast of Amontillado and the Black cat are famous.Jazz Age⏹American industry developed fast. The nation is full of bouncingebullience, fearful of nothing, confident smug isolationism.⏹Socially, decline of idealism. Patriotism became cynical disillusionment.Unity of family weakened. There appeared the revolt of the Younger Generation. They escaped responsibility and assumed immorality.⏹After WWI, people found that the war which cost millions of lives failedto provide an abiding solutions to the world’s problems, that the war was just the traps of political leaders. Such a disillusionment about the value of war, accompanied by the booming of American economy drove people to cynical hedonism. People experiment with new amusements. They restlessly pursued stimulus and pleasures, wallow in heavy drinking, fast driving and casual sex. By these, they hoped to seek relief from serious problems.Hemingway heroThey live adventures-filled lives that were driven by courage and limited by fear. They hide a sensitive heart from tough exterior.” Grace under press” is their motto. Its heroes are hemmed in by forces beyond their control.AntiheroIt is a central character in a dramatic or narrative work who lacks the qualities ofnobility and magnanimity expected of traditional heroes in romances and epic.Like the character “Henry” in the work of a farewell to arms.SymbolTraditional FormsBallad(民谣)A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed. “The Geste of Robin HoodHeroic CoupletIt refers to a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter and written in an elevated style. Sonnet 18Spenserian stanza•It is a stanza with eight lines of iambic pentameter and a concluding Alexandrine with the rhyme pattern abab bcbc c. The Faerie QueeneBlank verse素体诗，无韵诗•Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.•It became widely used in dramatic poetry and narratives.Now that/ the gloo/my sha/dow of /the night,Longing/ to view/ Orion/’s drizz/ling look,Leaps from/ the an/tarc/tic world/ unto/ the skyAnd dims/ the wel/kin with/ her pi/tchy breath ----Doctor FaustusFree verseMeans the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without paying attention to conventional rules of meter. It can free the poets from the restrictions of formal metrical patterns and recreate instead the free rhythms of natural speech.Beat GenerationTheatre of absurd. the 1950sBlack humor.the 1960s。
外国文学史期末复习提纲[五篇范例]
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外国文学史期末复习提纲[五篇范例]第一篇：外国文学史期末复习提纲外国文学史期末复习提纲一、填空(1分x10道)及选择题(2分x10道)1、三大悲剧家分别是：埃斯库罗斯、索福克勒斯和欧里庇得斯。
喜剧家是阿里斯托芬。
2、希腊早期文学的主要成就是神话和荷马史诗。
古罗马文学“黄金时代”的三大诗人是维吉尔、贺拉斯和奥维德。
市民文学中讽刺叙事诗的代表作是法国的《列那狐传奇》。
3、希腊神话的内容包括神的故事和英雄传说。
4、萨福是古希腊最著名的女诗人，柏拉图称她为“第十位文艺女神”6、荷马史诗包括《伊利昂记》和《奥德修记》是欧洲文学史上最早的作品，前者是描写战争的英雄史诗，后者是描写海上漂流的史诗。
7、埃斯库罗斯被人们誉为“悲剧之父”，他的代表作《俄瑞斯忒亚》三部曲包括《阿伽门农》，《奠酒人》，《报仇神》，他的《波斯人》是现存希腊悲剧中唯一取材于现实生活的一部作品。
8、代表早期基督教文学最高成就的是《新约全书》。
中世纪文学主要包括教会文学、骑士文学，英雄史诗，城市文学，中世纪教会文学的主要内容是普及宗教教义。
9、中世纪骑士文学的主要体裁有抒情诗和叙事诗。
10、被恩格斯称为“中世纪的最后一位诗人，同时又是新世纪的最初一位诗人”的是但丁。
11、《神曲》直译为《神圣的喜剧》，原题为《喜剧》，包括《地狱》《炼狱》和《天堂》三部分。
12、皮特拉克是意大利人文主义文学的先驱，他的抒情诗《歌集》是人文主义文学的代表作，他使十四行诗成为欧洲诗歌中一种新诗体，获称“桂冠诗人”。
13、薄伽丘的代表作是短篇小说集《十日谈》，宣扬“幸福在人间”，奠定了短篇小说的基础。
14、法国人文主义文学有两种倾向，一种是以拉伯雷为代表的民主倾向，一种是以“七星诗社”为代表的贵族倾向。
15、西班牙的维伽被誉为“民族戏剧之父”，代表作是《羊泉河》。
16、最早的一部流浪汉小说是无名氏的《小癞子》17、塞万提斯是欧洲近代现实主义小说的先驱。
18、莎士比亚的四大悲剧是《哈姆莱特》《李尔王》《奥塞罗》和《麦克白》。
(完整版)外国文学史复习提纲整理
外国文学史一、考试范围：本门课教学大纲所设置的内容均为考试范围。
二、考试要求：本大纲在每个章节都提出了具体的考核要求。
凡属于“识记”部分的内容，要求学生努力记忆，并在各种情况下准确辨识。
“理解”部分要求学生不仅熟知其概念，还要理解其原理，并能够联系有关作家作品等文学现象及在文学史上的作用和意义加以简略说明。
凡要求“掌握”的内容，必须做到能够运用有关理论和知识，分析文学现象和作家作品中的重要问题，强调对综合能力的考察。
总之，学生要在“识记”、“理解”、“掌握”三个知识层次上认真学习，系统把握，并能融会贯通。
第一章古代文学第一节古希腊古罗马文学概述考核目标与考核知识点1．识记：古希腊、罗马是欧洲文化的发源地。
没有奴隶制就没有希腊国家和罗马帝国，“没有希腊文化和罗马帝国所奠定的基础，也就没有现代的欧洲”。
古希腊文学的分期，各个时期的主要文学成就。
1）公元前12世纪至公元前8世纪是古希腊从氏族公社制向奴隶制社会过渡的时期，史称“英雄时代”，又称“荷马时代”，这时文学的主要成就是神话和史诗；2）公元前8世纪到公元前6世纪，是氏族社会进一步解体、奴隶主城邦逐渐形成的时期，历史上称大移民时代。
这一时期，文学的主要成就是抒情诗（最著名的诗人→萨福）和寓言；3）公元前6世纪末到公元前4世纪初，是希腊奴隶制发展的全盛时期，史称“古典时期”，历史上又称“雅典时期”，这时文学的主要成就是戏剧（三大悲剧家→埃斯库罗斯、索福克勒斯、欧里庇得斯，喜剧家→阿里斯托芬）、散文（历史著作→希罗多德、修昔底德，哲学和演说辞→苏格拉底）和文艺理论（柏拉图、亚里士多德）；4）公元前4世纪末至公元2世纪，史称“希腊化”时期，文学上的主要成就是新喜剧和田园诗。
2．理解：早期欧洲文学的各种样式及其产生的社会文化背景。
3．掌握：奴隶主民主制与古希腊文学繁荣之间的关系。
第二节神话考核目标与考核知识点1．识记：希腊神话中主要神的名字,尤其是古罗马神名。
外国文学史复习提纲整理精编版
外国文学史一、考试范围：本门课教学大纲所设置的内容均为考试范围。
二、考试要求：本大纲在每个章节都提出了具体的考核要求。
凡属于“识记”部分的内容，要求学生努力记忆，并在各种情况下准确辨识。
“理解”部分要求学生不仅熟知其概念，还要理解其原理，并能够联系有关作家作品等文学现象及在文学史上的作用和意义加以简略说明。
凡要求“掌握”的内容，必须做到能够运用有关理论和知识，分析文学现象和作家作品中的重要问题，强调对综合能力的考察。
总之，学生要在“识记”、“理解”、“掌握”三个知识层次上认真学习，系统把握，并能融会贯通。
第一章古代文学第一节古希腊古罗马文学概述考核目标与考核知识点1．识记：古希腊、罗马是欧洲文化的发源地。
没有奴隶制就没有希腊国家和罗马帝国，“没有希腊文化和罗马帝国所奠定的基础，也就没有现代的欧洲”。
古希腊文学的分期，各个时期的主要文学成就。
1）公元前12世纪至公元前8世纪是古希腊从氏族公社制向奴隶制社会过渡的时期，史称“英雄时代”，又称“荷马时代”，这时文学的主要成就是神话和史诗；2）公元前8世纪到公元前6世纪，是氏族社会进一步解体、奴隶主城邦逐渐形成的时期，历史上称大移民时代。
这一时期，文学的主要成就是抒情诗（最著名的诗人→萨福）和寓言；3）公元前6世纪末到公元前4世纪初，是希腊奴隶制发展的全盛时期，史称“古典时期”，历史上又称“雅典时期”，这时文学的主要成就是戏剧（三大悲剧家→埃斯库罗斯、索福克勒斯、欧里庇得斯，喜剧家→阿里斯托芬）、散文（历史著作→希罗多德、修昔底德，哲学和演说辞→苏格拉底）和文艺理论（柏拉图、亚里士多德）；4）公元前4世纪末至公元2世纪，史称“希腊化”时期，文学上的主要成就是新喜剧和田园诗。
2．理解：早期欧洲文学的各种样式及其产生的社会文化背景。
3．掌握：奴隶主民主制与古希腊文学繁荣之间的关系。
第二节神话考核目标与考核知识点1．识记：希腊神话中主要神的名字,尤其是古罗马神名。
美国文学期末考试复习大纲
美国文学期末考试复习大纲Ⅰ. 文学史1.American Puritanism (美国请教主义):Puritanism was a religious reform movement that arose within the Church of England in the late 16th century.I.Background: Puritanism1.features of Puritanism(1)Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2)Original sin: Human beings were born to be evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.(3)Total depravity(4)Limited atonement: Only the ―elect‖ can be saved.2.Influence(1)A group of good qualities –hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature.(2)It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden.(3)Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chiefly instrumental in calli ng into beinga literary symbolism which is distinctly American.(4)With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.II.Overview of the literature1.types of writing: diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons2.writers of colonial period(1)Anne Bradstreet(2)Edward Taylor(3)Roger Williams(4)John Woolman(5)Thomas Paine(6)Philip Freneau(7)Jonathan Edwards(8)Benjamin Franklin2.American Enlightenment (美国启蒙运动):Enlightenment is a philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to scrutinize previously accepted doctrines and traditions and that brought about many humanitarian reforms.The American Enlightenment is a term sometimes employed to describe the intellectual culture of the British North American colonies and the early United States (as they became following the American Revolution).It is commonly dated from 1750—1820.Among the leading intellectual figures of this period are Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.Democratic Origins and Revolutionary Writers, 1776—18201.Background: American Revolution——historicalEuropean Enlightenment2.Basic Assumptions:(1)Reg ard ―enlightenment‖ or ―education‖ as the principle means for development of society(2)Show concern for civil rights, democracy in government and tolerance rather than earlier religious mysticism(3)Reconsider the relationship between man & God. Brief-Deism (natural religion)3.Transcendentalism (超验主义):Transcendentalism is literature, philosophical and literary movement that flourished in New England from about1836 to 1860.It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reacting against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, developing instead their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world.The ideas of transcendentalism were most eloquently expressed by Ralph Waldo Emerson in such essays as Nature (1836) and Self-reliance and by Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden (1854).I.Background: four sources1.Unitarianism(1)Fatherhood of God(2)Brotherhood of men(3)Leadership of Jesus(4)Salvation by character (perfection of one’s character)(5)Continued progress of mankind(6)Divinity of mankind(7)Depravity of mankind2.Romantic Idealism: Center of the world is spirit, absolute spirit (Kant)3.Oriental mysticism: Center of the world is ―oversoul‖4.Puritanism: Eloquent expression in transcendentalismII.Appearance1836, ―Nature‖ by EmersonIII.Features1.spirit/oversoul2.importance of individualism3.nature – symbol of spirit/God; garment of the oversoul4.focus in intuition (irrationalism and subconsciousness)IV.Influence1.It served as an ethical guide to life for a young nation and brought about the idea that human can be perfected by nature.It stressed religious tolerance, called to throw off shackles of customs and traditions and go forward to the development of a new and distinctly American culture.2.It advocated idealism that was great needed in a rapidly expanded economy where opportunity often becameopportunism, and the desire to ―get on‖ obscured the moral necessity for rising to spiritual height.It helped to create the first American renaissance – one of the most prolific period in American literature.4.Dark Romanticism1.Dark Romanticism & Gothic FictionSimilarities: darkness, supernatural, featuring charactersDifferences: sheer horror——Gothic Fiction’s purposedark mystery & skepticism of man——Dark Romance’s purpose2.Dark Romanticism——reaction against transcendentalismDark Romanticism is a literary subgenre that emerged from the transcendental philosophical movement popular in 19th century America. Some writers, including Poe, Hawthorne and Melville, found transcendental belief far too optimistic and egotistical and reacted by modifying.3.Dark Romanticism & Transcendentalism:Dark Romantics are much less confident about the notion that perfection is an innate equality of mankind, as believed by transcendentalists. Dark Romantics present individuals as prone to sin and self-destruction, not as inherently possessing divinity and wisdom.While both groups believe nature is a deep spiritual force, Dark Romanticism views it in a much more sinister light than does transcendentalism, which sees nature as a divine & universal organic mediator. For Dark Romantics, the natural world is dark, decaying, and mysterious, when it does reveal truth to man, its revelations are evil.Transcendentalists advocate social reform when appropriate, works of Dark Romanticism frequently show individuals, falling in their attempts to make changes for the better.4.Fiction:⑪ General term for invented storiesNovel, short story, novellas, romance, fable etc.《堂吉诃德》——the first novel of European⑫ Types of novel:①.Kunstlerroman 成长小说Bildungroman——《麦田守望者》②.Spy novel③.Historical novel④.Campus novel 校园小说⑤.Gothic novel⑥.Epistolary novel⑦.Picaresque novel⑧.Detective novel⑨.Sociological novel⑩.Psychological novel⑬ Elements of fiction:①.Setting (time, place, environment)②.Plot (selected events, cause & effect, structure)——conflict (exposition, rising action/complication, climax, falling action, resolution)③.Character (animal, inanimate things)④.Point of view (first person, third person, multiple)⑤.Theme (different from ―subject‖)⑥.Style (diction, syntax, figure of speech)⑦.Symbol & IronyⅡ. 文学概念1. Allegory (寓言)：Allegory is a story with a symbolic meaning used to teach a moral principle.Allegory is a form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. The underlying meaning has moral, social, religious, or political significance, and characters are often personifications of abstract ideas as charity, greed, or envy.Thus, an allegory is a story with two meanings: a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.Many of Hawthorne’s stories are allegories dealing with pride, isolation, love and betray. For example, Y oung Goodman Brown tells Brown’s journey in the forest. After the journey, Brown changed a lot. In fact the story shows Brown’s struggle between goodness and evil and re veals the processes of losing one’s innocence.2. Romance:―Romance‖ is now frequently used as s term to designate a kind of fiction that differs from the novel in being more freely. It is the product of the author’s imagination than the product of an effo rt to represent the actual world with verisimilitude.Romance is a heightened, emotional, and symbolic form of the novel. Romances are not love stories, but serious novels that use special techniques to communicate complex and subtle meanings.Nathaniel Hawthorne is a representative of dark romance, most of his works reveals the dark side of human beings.3. Lyric(抒情诗)：In the modern sense, it is any fairly short poem expressing the personal mood, feeling, or meditation of a single speaker. Lyric poetry is the most extensive category of verse. Lyrics may be composed in almost any meter and on almost every subject, although the most usual emotions presented are those of love and grief. Among the common lyric forms are the sonnet, ode, elegy, and the more personal kinds of hymn.Lyric poetry is genre that does not attempt to tell a story but instead of a more personal nature. It portrays the poet’s own feelings, states of mind, and perceptions.While the genre’s name derived from ―lyre‖, implies that it is intended to be sung, much lyric poetry is meant purely for reading.The most popular form for western lyric poetry to take may be the 14-line sonnet, as practiced by Petrarch and Shakespeare. Lyric poetry shows a bewildering variety of forms, including, increasingly in the 20th century, unrhymed ones.Lyric poetry is the most common type of poetry.5.Allusion:It is one of the figures of speech.An allusion is a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication.For example, in literature, the snake often represents the evil. It’s an allusion of Bible. In Bible, the snake allured Eve to eat the apple. Thus, they were punished by God.5. T rickster:Trickster always appears in mythology, it’s a kind of literary character.In mythology, and in the study of folklore and relig ion, a trickster is a god, goddess, spirit, man, woman, or anthropomorphic animal who plays tricks or otherwise disobeys normal rules and conventional behavior.Trickster is the ―rebellion‖ that challenges authority.The trickster is a very important archetype in the history of human kind.H e is the ―wise fool‖.It is he, through his creations that destroy the authority.He exists to question and to cause us to question.He is the Destroyer of the world and at the same time the Savior of us all.For example, Robin Hood, he is a thief, who steals the rich to help the poor. On one hand, a thief is supposed to be punished, but on another hand, he steals the money not for himself but to help others. Thus, we call him a trickster.6.Gothic Fiction:Gothic fiction rises in the late of 18th century.The Gothic relates the individual to the infinite universe.Gothic literature pictures the human condition as an ambiguous mixture of good and evil power that cannot be understood completely by human reason.The Gothic novel or short story is any story which can be describe as dark, mysterious, and grotesque. A Gothic story often has supernatural elements that give it a hint of horror/ terror.Gothic fiction is often psychological (from the villain’s perspective)It has romantic elements: the damsel in distress, the ghost of a loverCreates suspense: never sure what is going to happenIt adopts the use of doppelganger theme.The most familiar Gothic fiction to me is The V ampire Diaries. Similar to the Twilight, it tells a love story between the V ampire and a human being. There are many terror scenes with suspense and a doppelganger in the story. Now The V ampire Diaries is made into TV series. In the TV series, a vampire called Damon is my favorite one.7. Kunstlerroman8. Quest:―quest‖ means search, pursue, go on adventure. The Quest myth/ Quest story, similar to Romance is a genre of literature.The background, such as an imbalanced society, is often challenging.The hero leaves the society. His goals are always noble. He is always on the side of goodness, and his enemies are always evil.The hero must undergoes trials: physical tests—slaying a dragon, battling powerful opponents, rescuing maidens in distress etc.Having completed his quest, the hero returns to society to bring about spiritual transformation and restore the perfect human community.The Captain Ahab in Moby Dick is a hero of quest but not a traditional one, he is a villain hero who tries to conquer the nature.9. Iambic Pentameter:10. Point of View(视角)：It is the relationship of the storyteller or narrator, to the story.A story has a first-person point of view if one of the characters, referred to as ―I‖, tells the story.A story has a limited third-person point of view if the narrator reveals the thoughts of only one character but refers to that character as ―he‖ or ―she‖.A narrator who tells the thoughts of all the characters and who tells things that no one character could know uses the omniscient (all-knowing), or third-person, point of view.For example, in Moby Dick, Melville adopted the first-person narrator, Ishmael was the observer who saw the events of the story and played s minor role in the action.Ⅲ. 重要作家及作品Nathanial Hawthorne (纳撒尼尔·霍桑)1.life2.works(1)Two collections of short stories: Twice-told Tales, Mosses from and Old Manse(2)The Scarlet Letter(3)The House of the Seven Gables(4)The Marble Faun3.point of view(1)Evil is at the core of human life, ―that blackness in Hawthorne‖(2)Whenever there is sin, there is punishment. Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation (causality).(3)He is of the opinion that evil educates.(4)He has disgust in science.4.aesthetic美学的ideas(1)He took a great interest in history and antiquity. To him these furnish the soil on which his mind grows to fruition.(2)He was convinced that romance was the predestined form of American narrative. To tell the truth and satirize and yetnot to offend: That was what Hawthorne had in mind to achieve.5.style – typical romantic writer(1)the use of symbols(2)revelation of characters’ psychology(3)the use of supernatural mixed with the actual(4)his stories are parable (parable inform) – to teach a lesson(5)use of ambiguity to keep the reader in the world of uncertainty – multiple point of viewThe Scarlet Letter, （adultery）1.About the story:(1)The story of Hester Prynne Set: the 17th century(2)What is situated immediately outside the door of the prison in which Hester is kept: A rosebush(3)How does Hester support herself financially: as a seamstress(4)She always wears: black(5)―A‖ represents: adultery2.Major characters in the story:(1)Hester Prynne: wears ―A‖; ―A‖ defines her identity(2)Arthur Dimmesdale: wears ―A‖ in his heart; his soul never in peace (invisible wearer)(3)Roger Chillingworth: the maker of scarlet letter(4)Pearl: the p roduct/result of ―A‖3.Symbolism: (special movement in literature; the use of symbols)In ―The Scarlet Letter‖:(1)The rosebush: passion(2)The forest: an ungovernable place(3)The scarlet letter: adultery; sin(4)Pearl: wildness; passion(5)The meteor: community4.Refuse to take off ―A‖:(1)For Hester, to remove scarlet letter would be to acknowledge the power it has in determining who she is(2)She is determined to transform its meaning and her identity(3)She wants to be the one who controls its meaning(4)She stands as a self-appointed reminder of the evils society can commitYoung Goodman Brown1. Psychological interpretation——Sigmund Freud (the founder of psychology):(1)superego——consciousness——the principle of morality 超我(2)ego——subconsciousness——the principle of reality 自我(3)id——unconsciousness——the principle of pleasure 本我Brown’s journey is psychological as well as physical:Village, a place of light and order——Forest, a place of darkness and wildnessconsciousness——unconsciousnessvillage——superego——FaithBrown——egoforest——id——SatanHawthorne saw the dangers of an overactive suppression of libido and the consequent development of tyrannous superego.2. Men, Women, and the loss of Faith:Despite the literary sexism of his day, Hawthorne portrays women as powerful moral agents.Although Faith is not a three-dimensional character, the story centers on her husband’s rejection of her. Women are victimized.Women——angle in the house——do not have desires, rights and needsFallen women——prostitutes, witches, and mad womenFaith to Brown is female sexuality; Satan to Brown is patriarchal authority3. Female images:Innocents vs. Temptresses:(1)Governor’s wife, Goody Cloyse, prostitutes, maidens, witches, Quaker women, Faith(2)Sex is seen as alluring and dangerous(3)Brown is an empty and failed husband and fatherHerman Melville (赫尔曼·麦尔维尔)1.life(1)Typee 《泰皮》(2)Omio 《殴穆》(3)Mardi 《玛地》(4)Redburn 《雷德本》(5)White Jacket 《白外衣》(6)Moby Dick(7)Pierre 《皮埃尔》(8)Billy Budd 《比利·巴德》3.point of view(1)He never seems able to say an affirmative yes to life: His is the attitude of ―Everlasting Nay‖ (negative attitudetowards life).(2)One of the major themes of his is alienation (far away from each other).Other themes: loneliness, suicidal individualism (individualism causing disaster and death), rejection and quest, confrontation of innocence and evil, doubts over the comforting 19c idea of progress4.style(1)Like Hawthorne, Melville manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through employing the technique of multipleview of his narratives.(2)He tends to write periodic chapters.(3)His rich rhythmical prose and his poetic power have been profusely commented upon and praised.(4)His works are symbolic and metaphorical.(5)He includes many non-narrative chapters of factual background or description of what goes on board the ship or onthe route (Moby Dick)Moby Dick《白鲸》：Moby-Dick, often considered the greatest American novel, is a masterpiece with many layers. It is a sea adventure, an exciting chase after a destructive and mysterious creature. The enormous white whale Moby-Dick torments Captain Ahab, who is obsessed with finding and killing Moby-Dick, having lost a leg in a previous encounter with the whale, and Ahab’s burning desire for revenge really is the center of the story. At the novel’s end, Ahab finds and attacks Moby-Dick, but the terrible whale takes Ahab, his ship Pequod, and nearly all its crew down to a watery grave with him.1. An encyclopedia of everythingA Shakespearean tragedy of man fighting against fates (extreme individualism)2. Image of ship: ship on the sea is the human soul search the meaning in the universe.3. Purpose——noble: he think Moby Dick as an evilHero: he is a hero but not a traditional hero (he does not stand for goodness); a villain hero4. Byronic hero (create by Byron): mad, bad, dangerous to know, obsessive——rebellions: challenge the authority; unconventional; right the wrongSatanic: revengeful; rebellious; the fight between God & Satan5. The Pequod——a symbol of doom(named after a native American tribe in Massachusetts; did not long survived of white men(extincted); is painted gloomy black and covered in whale teeth and bones)The sailors are of different ethics——all people in American (individual)Queequeg’s Coffin——life boat; life6. Theme of Moby Dick:(1)Melville’s bleak view (negative attitude) the sense of futility and meaninglessness of the w orld. His attitude to life is―Everlasting Nay‖. Man in this universe lives a meaningless and futility.The adventure of killing Moby Dick is meaningless. Ahab tries to control it, which leads to his doom.Modern life——the loss of faith, the sense of futility——well expressed in Moby Dick(2)Alienation (far away from each other): exists between man & man, man & society, and man & nature.(3)Loneliness and suicidal individualism——the basic pattern of 19th century American life(individualism causing disaster and death)——Moby Dick is a negative reflection upon Transcendentalism.(4)Rejection and quest:V oyaging for Ishmael has become a journey in quest of knowledge and valuesHenry David Thoreau1.life(1)A Week on the Concord and Merrimack River(2)Walden(3)A Plea for John Brown (an essay)3.point of view(1)He did not like the way a materialistic America was developing and was vehemently outspoken on the point.(2)He hated the human injustice as represented by the slavery system.(3)Like Emerson, but more than him, Thoreau saw natur e as a genuine restorative, healthy influence on man’s spiritualwell-being.(4)He has faith in the inner virtue and inward, spiritual grace of man.(5)He was very critical of modern civilization.(6)―Simplicity…simplify!‖(7)He was sorely disgusted with ―the inundations of the dirty institutions of men’s odd-fellow society‖.(8)He has calm trust in the future and his ardent belief in a new generation of men.WaldenEdgar Allen PoeI.LifeII.Works1.short stories(1)ratiocinative storiesa.Ms Found in a Bottleb.The Murders in the Rue Morguec.The Purloined Letter(2)Revenge, death and rebirtha.The Fall of the House of Usherb.Ligeiac.The Masque of the Red Death(3)Literary theorya.The Philosophy of Compositionb.The Poetic Principlec.Review of Hawthorne’s Twice-told TalesIII.Themes1.death – predominant t heme in Poe’s writing―Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.‖2.disintegration (separation) of life3.horror4.negative thoughts of scienceIV.A esthetic ideas1.The short stories should be of brevity, totality, single effect, compression and finality.2.The poems should be short, and the aim should be beauty, the tone melancholy. Poems should not be of moralizing. Hecalls for pure poetry and stresses rhythm.V.Style – traditional, but not easy to readVI.R eputation: ―the jingle man‖ (Emerson)VII.His influencesWalt Whitman1.life2.work: Leaves of Grass (9 editions)(1)Song of Myself(2)There Was a Child Went Forth(3)Crossing Brooklyn Ferry(4)Democratic V istas(5)Passage to India(6)Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking3.themes –―Catalogue of American and European thought‖He had been influenced by many American and European thoughts: enlightenment, idealism, transcendentalism, science, evolution ideas, western frontier spirits, Jefferson’s individualism, Civil War Unionism, Orientalism.Major themes in his poems (almost everything):●equality of things and beings●divinity of everything●immanence of God●democracy●evolution of cosmos●multiplicity of nature●self-reliant spirit●death, beauty of death●expansion of America●brotherhood and social solidarity (unity of nations in the world)●pursuit of love and happiness4.style: ―free verse‖(1)no fixed rhyme or scheme(2)parallelism, a rhythm of thought(3)phonetic recurrence(4)the habit of using snapshots(5)the use of a certain pronoun ―I‖(6) a looser and more open-ended syntactic structure(7)use of conventional image(8)strong tendency to use oral English(9)vocabulary – powerful, colourful, rarely used words of foreign origins, some even wrong(10)sentences – catalogue technique: long list of names, long poem lines5.influence(1)His best work has become part of the common property of Western culture.(2)He took over Whitman’s vision of the poet-prophet and poet-teacher and recast it in a more sophisticated andEuropeanized mood.(3)He has been compared to a mountain in American literary history.(4)Contemporary American poetry, whatever school or form, bears witness to his great influence.Ralph Waldo Emerson (拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生)1.life (American philosopher, poet and essayist; the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism)2.works(1)Nature——his first book expressing the main principle of Transcendentalism. It is regarded as ―American’sDeclaration of Intellec tual Independence‖(2)Two essays: The American Scholar, The Poet3.point of view(1)One major element of his philosophy is his firm belief in the transcendence of the ―oversoul‖.(2)He regards nature as the purest, and the most sanctifying moral influence on man, and advocated a direct intuition of aspiritual and immanent God in nature.(3)If man depends upon himself, cultivates himself and brings out the divine in himself, he can hope to become betterand even perfect. This is what Emerson means by ―the infinitude of man‖.(4)Everyone should understand that he makes himself by making his world, and that he makes the world by makinghimself.4.aesthetic ideas(1)He is a complete man, an eternal man.(2)True poetry and true art should ennoble.(3)The poet should express his thought in symbols.(4)As to theme, Emerson called upon American authors to celebrate America which was to him a lone poem in itself.5.his influenceWashington Irving1.several names attached to Irving(1)first American writer(2)the messenger sent from the new world to the old world(3)father of American literature2.life3.works(1)A History of New Y ork from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty(2)The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication ofthis.)(3)The History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus(4)A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada(5)The Alhambra4.Literary career: two parts(1)1809~1832a.Subjects are either English or Europeanb.Conservative love for the antique(2)1832~1859: back to US5.style – beautiful(1)gentility, urbanity, pleasantness(2)avoiding moralizing – amusing and entertaining(3)enveloping stories in an atmosphere(4)vivid and true characters(5)humour – smiling while reading(6)musical languageJames Fenimore Cooper1.life (―father of American novelists‖; the creation of the west frontier and its heroes)2.works(1)Precaution (1820, his first novel, imitating Austen’s Pride and Prejudice)(2)The Spy (his second novel and great success)(3)Leatherstocking Tales (his masterpiece, a series of five novels)The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneer, The Prairie3.point of viewThe theme of wilderness vs. civilization, freedom vs. law, order vs. change, aristocrat vs. democrat, natural rights vs. legal rights4.style(1)highly imaginative(2)good at inventing tales(3)good at landscape description(4)conservative(5)characterization wooden and lacking in probability(6)language and use of dialect not authentic5.literary achievementsHe created a myth about the formative period of the American nation. If the history of the United States is, in a sense, the process of the American settlers exploring and pushing the American frontier forever westward, then Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales effectively approximates the American national experience of adventure into the West. He turned the west and frontier as a useable past and he helped to introduce western tradition to American literature.Benjamin Franklin1.life (printer, enlightener, inventor, scientist, statesman, diplomat)2.works(9)Poor Richard’s Almanac(10)Autobiography——form: the first autobiography of Americanmeaning: American dream & individualismself-improvement; business (contents); prototype of American success (significance); Puritanism and enlightenment spirits 3.contribution(11)He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society.(12)He was called ―the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven‖.(13)Everything seems to meet in this one man –―Jack of all trades‖. Herman Melville thus described him ―master of each and mas tered by none‖.(14)Aid Jefferson in writing The Declaration of IndependenceThomas Paine1.father of the American Revolution2.propagandist, pamphleteer, a master of persuasion who understands the power of language to move a man to action3.main works:(1)The American Crisis(2)Common Sense(3)The Right of Man(4)The Age of Reason。
英美文学复习提纲1
I. Fill in the blanks.1.The early inhabitants in the island now we call England were (Britons), a tribe of (celts)2.Who is Julius Caesar? (the Roman Conqueror)3.Beowulf is a ( pagan) poem, describing an all-round picture of the tribal society4.The epic, The Song of Beowulf, represents the spirit of（pagan）5.The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls into two divisions, ( pagan) and (Christian).6.Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to sing (knightly)adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.7.(Popular ballads) are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by the oral transmission.8.For nearly 400 years before the coming of the English, Britain had been a(Roman)province. After the Romans left Britain was invaded by swarms of pirates. 10.They were three tribes from Northern Europe: (Angles) (Saxons),and (Jutes)11.（Alfred the Great）is not only a prose writer but also a king of Wessex.12.In the year (1066), at the battle of (Hastings), the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons13.After the Norman Conquest, (feudal) system was established in English society14. (Geoffery Chaucer) the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poetry of England, was born in London about 1340.15.The hero in the romance is usually the ( knight).16.The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ( Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales).17.When he died, Chaucer was buried in (Westminster Abbey )the Poet' s Corner18.Which of the following plays does not belong to Shakespeare’s great tragedies?( Romeo and Juliet). A. Othello B. Macbeth C. Romeo and Juliet D. Hamlet莎士比亚四大悲剧，包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》、《麦克白》19.Shakespearian sonnet consists of three quatrains and a (couplet) with the rhyme scheme ( abab cdcd efef gg.)20.What is a sonnet? A sonnet is a lyric of 14 lines, usually in (iambic) pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme21.(Humanism) is the key-note of the (Renaissance).22.How many works did William Shakespeare produce? (37) plays, 154 sonnets and 7 long poems.23.Shakespeare’s Comedies are T he Merchant of Venice; The Twelfth Night; A24.Mid-Summer Night’s Dream and (As You Like it). {四大喜剧《威尼斯商人》The Merchant of venice《仲夏夜之梦》A Midsummer Night's Dream《皆大欢喜》As You Like It《第十二夜》Twelfth night}25.What is a sonnet? A sonnet is a lyric of 14 lines, usually in (iambic) pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.26.English Renaissance Period was an age of (drama) and (poetry)27.“Renaissance” is a (French) word that means "rebirth". It was a rebirth of learning and art.28.The Renaissance first began in (Italy) in the 13th and 14th centuries.29.One of the features of the Renaissance is the thirsty curiosity for the (classical) literature, especially Greek and Roman literature. Another feature is the keen interest in man and human activities.30.The (prologue) provides a framework for the tales in The Canterbury Tales, and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.31.Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the (London) dialect, so profusely used by the poet32.Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf? (Grendel)33.It was during the Roman rule that (Christianity) was introduced to Briton.34.The following are the poetic form of Beowulf, the use of (alliteration), (metaphors) and (understatement)35.In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, why does Gawain take the lady’s green girdle? (because he doesn’t want to die).36.（Edmund Spenser）was known as “the poets’ poet.”37.“To be, or not to be—that is the question” is taken fro (Hamlet)38.Christopher Marlowe, the pioneer of drama gave new vigor to (blank verse) with his mighty lines.II. Major Authors and Their WorksGeoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟Foreign Influences1. Boccaccio(薄伽丘）Decameron 《十日谈》2.Dante 但丁Three Stages1.The French period (1360~1372)Under the influence of French poetryThe Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》2. Italian period (1372~1385)Under the influence of Italian RenaissanceThe House of Fame《声誉之堂》Troilus and Cressie《特罗勒斯与克莱西》3. English period (1386~1400)Free from any foreign influenceThe Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚A Midsummer Night's Dream《仲夏夜之梦》Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》Much Ado About Nothing《无事生非》As You Like It《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night《第十二夜》Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》Hamlet《汉姆莱特》Othello《奥赛罗》King Lear《李尔王》Macbeth《麦克佩斯》All's Well That Ends Well《终成眷属》Measure for Measure《量罪记》Thomas More 托马斯·摩尔Utopia《乌托邦》Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士》Tamburlaine《帖木儿大帝》The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》III. Define the following terms.1.Epic：（史诗）A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It has historical root. Meanwhile, it incorporates myth, legend and folk tale. Many epics were transmitted orally by song and recitation before they were written down. Among the great epics of the world may be mentioned Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey, the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf and John Milton’s Paradise Lost.2.Alliteration: is the repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other in a line. It is the basis of Old English verse. The two parts of a line in the poem are united by alliteration. 头韵法:头韵法是指两个或两个以上相邻或相近的词用相同的字母或声韵开头的修饰方法。
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2010-2011年英美文学史考试题型及范围一、考试题型Part One: Multiple Choice (1’x 30)Part Two: Define the Literary Terms (3’x5)Part Three: Identification 15’（根据作品判定作者或作品类别即genre）Part Four: General Questions (15’)Part Five: Critical Analysis (25’)二、范围I．Multiple Choice （见下面）II．Definition1．Humanism2．Naturalism3．Imagism4．Romanticism5．Transcendentalism6．The Lost Generation7．Modernism8．Local ColorismIII．Identification1. 部分的选择题改编2. 作品分析及大问题作家的代表作品。
（书中例子）Identify Following Works by its Author or Genre1. Beowulf is a(n) __________ of the Anglo-Saxon and the English people.2. The Faerie Queen is an__________ written by_____________.IV. General Questions （state the significance of the following writers in the history of English and American literature and provide specific examples from their works to illustrate your views）1.Thomas Hardy2.Ernest Hemingway3.T. S. Eliot4.William ShakespeareV. Critical Analysis（复习要点：主要代表作内容，Thematic Concern；作品分类，体裁及定义等。
具体考法是给某个作家一代表作部分内容，根据作品回答相关问题）(选文来自书中例子，分析课本中例子上面一段，下面一段文的分析，其余来自作家相关代表作品)1.Tennyson （PP.337-338 Break，Break，Break的主题及选文）2.William Blake （P. 197页的选文，以及198第一段的选文）3.Christopher Marlowe （PP. 52-53的选文及其分析，浮士德的主题）4.W. B. Yeats （P. 398 The Second Coming 选文及分析）5.Ralph Waldo Emerson （PP. 60-61的选文，Nature中的主要观点，The American Scholar的意义，主题）6.Robert Frost （PP. 198-199 The Road Not Taken的主题及选文）7.Herman Melville (Moby Dick中的象征意义及主题关怀P. 83最后一段+P. 86第二段)8. F. Scott Fitzgerald （The Great Gatsby的主题关怀和叙述视角P. 224）Poetry Appreciation 样题Critical AnalysisRead the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English.In a Station of the MetroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough.*Apparition: 幽灵, 突然景象Petal: 花瓣Questions:A. Identify the poet of this poem. (1’)B. What kind of form is adopted in this verse? (1’)C. Why is this verse interpreted as a typical example of the Imagist ideas? (3’)选择题:共100题(全部标为红色的不需要)1.____________, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded as thenational epic of the Anglo-SaxonsA. The Wife’s ComplaintB. BeowulfC. The Dream of the RoodD. The Seafarer2.___________ presented for the first time in English literature acomprehensive realistic picture of the English society.A. The Canterbury TalesB. The Legend of Good WomenC. The Romaunt of the RoseD. Troilus and Criseyde3.The Elizabethan ______________, in its totality, is the real mainstream ofthe English RenaissanceA. PoetryB. novelC. humanismD. drama4.______________ Dr. Faustus is a play based on the German legend of amagician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the devil.A. Christopher MarlowB. Ben JohnsonC. William ShakespeareD.Sheridan5.Shakespeare’s most read historical play is the first and second part of____________.A. Henry VB. Richard IIC. Henry IVD. Richard III6.The most important and popular comedy written by Shakespeare is__________.A. Romeo and JulietB. Twelfth NightC. The Merchant of VeniceD. As Youlike It.7.______________, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded asShakespeare’s most popular play on the stage.A. MacbethB. King LearC. Julius CaesarD. Hamlet8.________________, the best of his final romances, is a typical example ofShakespeare’s pessimistic view toward human life and society in his lateyears.A. The TempestB. King LearC. CymbelineD. Pericles9._____________ is the leading figure of the metaphysical school.A. John MiltonB. John DonneC. John BunyanD. John Keats10._____________ is indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in Englishliterature since Beowulf.A. Paradise RegainedB. Paradise LostC. Samson AgonistesD. The Faerie Queence11.____________________ is the most successful religious allegory in theEnglish language.A. Genesis AB. ExodusC. The Pilgrim’s ProgressD. The Holy War12.___________had perfected the heroic couplet and __________ hadsuccessfully used it in his plays.A. Alexander Pope, DrydenB. Dryden, Alexander PopeC. Shakespeare, Alexander PopeD. Edmund Spencer, Dryden13.____________ has been regarded as “Father of the English novel” for hiscontribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A. John BunyanB. Henry FieldingC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift14.______________brings Henry Fielding the name of the “Prose Homer”.A. The Pilgrim’s ProgressB. Tom JonesC. Robinson CrusoeD. ColonelJack15._____________ was the only important dramatist of the 18th century.A. Alexander PopeB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. Samuel JohnsonD. George Bernard Shaw16.The Rivals and ____________ are generally regards as important linksbetween the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.A. T he School of ScandalB. The DuennaC. Widowers’ HousesD. TheDoctor’s Dilemma17._________ is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy of thearistocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th century England.A. The RivalsB. Gulliver’s TravelC. Tom JonesD. The School for Scandal18.Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” is regarded as themost representative work of______________.A. the Metaphysical SchoolB. The Graveyard SchoolC. the Gothic SchoolD. the Romantic School19.Pope was one of the first to introduce________ to England during theEnlightenment Movement.A. rationalismB. criticismC. romanticismD. realism20.English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with thepublication of a joint volume of poetry, Lyrical Ballads written by Wordsworth and _________.A. KeatsB. ColeridgeC. SoutheyD. Byron21.__________ defines the poet a s “a man speaking to men” and poetry as “thespontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility”.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. ColeridgeD. John Keats22.The two major novelists of the English Romantic Period are _________ andWalter Scott.A. Washington IrvingB. Jane AustenC. Herman MelvilleD. CharlesDickens23.The principle elements of ________ novel are violence, horror, and thesupernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader’s emotion.A. GothicB. RomanticC. SentimentalD. Realistic24.Literarily_________was the first important Romantic poet in English history.A.William WordsworthB. William BlakeC. Robert BurnsD. Coleridge25.____________is central to Blake’s concern in Songs of Innocence and Songsof Experience.A.PovertyB. Life in LondonC. ChildhoodD. Nature26._____________is the leading figure of the English Romantic poetry, thefocal poetic voice of the period.A.William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. ByronD. Shelley27.Byron’s ______________ is a poem based on a traditional Spanish legend ofa great lover and seducer of women.A. AdonaisB. Don JuanC. Prometheus UnboundD. The Revolt of Islam28.Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, __________.A. Antony and CleopatraB. Measure for MeasureC. Too True to Be GoodD. Prometheus Unbound29._____________is the most delightful of Jane Austen’s works.A. Sense and SensibilityB.Pride and PrejudiceC. EmmaD. MansfieldPark30.The most distinguishing features of Charles Dickens’ works lies in hisA. social criticismB. optimismC. character-portrayalD. social setting31.____________ is one that introduces to the English novel the first governessheroine.A. Jane EyreB. Wuthering HeightsC. MiddlemarchD. Agnes Grey32._____________ is an elaborate and powerful expression of AlfredTennyson’s philosophical and religious thoughts.A. Idylls of the KingB. “Ulysses”C. Poems, Chiefly LyricalD. InMemoriam33.____________ is based on the Celtic legends of King Arthur and his knightsof the Round TableA. In MemoriamB. “Ulysses”C. Idylls of the KingD. The Princess34.______________ is Robert Browning’s best-known dramatic monologue.A. “My Last Duchess”B. “Meeting at Night”C. “Parting at Morning”D.“Pippa Passes’35._____________ initiates a nw type of realism and sets into motion a varietyof developments, leading in the direction of both the naturalistic and psychological novel.A. Charles DickensB. George EliotC. Charlotte BronteD. Thomas Hardy36.Most of Hardy’s novels are set in ________, the fictional primitive and cruderegion which is really the home place he both loves and hates.A. LondonB. YoknaptawphaC. WessexD. Paris37.____________ works are known as “novels of characters and environment”.A. Charles Dickens’sB.Thomas Hardy’sC. Jane AustensD. GeorgeEliot’s38.____________ could be classified to be both a naturalistic and a criticalrealistic writer.A.Charles DickensB. George EliotC. Thomas HardyD. T. S. Eliot39.____________ belie ves that man’s fate is pre-determinedly tragic, driven bya combined force of nature, both inside and outside.A. Charles DickensB. Thomas HardyC. Bernard ShawD. T. S. Eliot.40.The three trilogies of______ Forsyte novels are masterpieces of criticalrealism in the early 20th century.A. D. H. LawrenceB. John Galsworthy’sC. James JoyceD. ThomasHardy’s41.___________- is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist.A. James JoyceB. John GalsworthyC.D. H. Lawrence D. George BernardShaw42.The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of 19th century were_____- and George Bernard Shaw.A. T. S. EliotB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. James JoyceD. Oscar Wilde43.___________, with its purely dramatic power, remains the most popular of T.S. Eliot’s verse plays.A. Murder in the CathedralB. The Lady’s Not for BurningC. Juno and PaycockD. The Family Renuion44.The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is Samuel Beckett andhis first play, _____, is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.A. Waiting for GodotB. Murder in the CathedralC. Too True to be GoodD. Mr.s. Warren’s Profession45.In his famous poem, _____ Yeats explores the problem of death, love, oldage and art.A. “ and the Swan”B. “No Second Troy”C. “September 1913”D. “Sailing to Byzantium”46.________, which bears a strong thematic resemblance to T. S. Eliot’s WasteLand, is generally regarded as the darkest of T. S. Eliot’s poemsA. “Gerontion”B. The Hollow MenC. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prurock”D. “The Cocktail Party”47.___________is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a moderncivilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.A. UlyssesB. The Waste LandC. The Confidential ClerkD. Dubliners48.The Rainbow and ___________ are generally regarded as D. H. Lawrence’smasterpieces.A. Women in LoveB. Sons and LoversC. Lady Chatterley’s LoverD. The Plumed Serpent49.Structurally and thematically, George Bernard Shaw follows the greattradition of ____.A. modernismB. romanticismC. realismD. naturalism50.D. H. Lawrence’s autobiographical novel is entitled___________.A. Women in LoveB. Sons and LoversC. Lady Chatterley’s LoverD. The Plumed Serpent51.The Romantic period of American literature started with the publication ofWashington Irving’s __________ and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass.A. The Sketch BookB. Tales of a TravelerC. The AlhambraD. A History ofNew York52.Washington Irving’s social conservation and literary preference for the past isrevealed, to some extent, in his famous story, ____________.A.“The Legend of Sleepy Hallow”B.“Rip Van Winkle”C.“The Custom House”D.“The Birthmark”53.The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism is___________.A.Nathaniel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Henry David ThoreauD. Washington Irving54.In his essays, _________________ put forward his philosophy of theoversoul, the importance of the Individual and Nature.A.Nathaniel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Henry David ThoreauD. Mark Twain55.________________ literary world turns out to be a most disturbed andtormented one, which has much to do with his black vision of life and human beings.A. Herman MelvilleB. Washington IrvingC. HawthorneD. Walt Whitman56.Most of the poems in _____ sing of the “en-masse” and the self as well.A. Leaves of GrassB. Drum TapsC. North of BostonD. The Cantos57.In_____________, Whitman airs his sorrow at Presid ent Lincoln’s death.A. Cavalry Crossing a FordB. A PactC. When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’dD. There was a Child WentForth58.In __, Whitman’s own early experience may well be identified with thechildhood of a young growing America.A. Cavalry Crossing a FordB. Leaves of GrassC. A PactD. There was a Child Went Forth59._______________is regarded as the first American prose epic.A. NatureB. The Scarlet LetterC. WaldenD. Moby-Dick60.The three dominant figures of the American Realistic Period are William DeanHowells , Mark Twain, and _________.A.Emily DickinsonB. Henry JamesC. Theodore DreiserD. Ezra Pound61.___________ is called by Hemingway the one from which all modernAmerican literature comes.A. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinB. The Adventures of Tom SawyerC. The Gilded AgeD. Life on the Mississippi62.Theodore Dreiser’s forgiving treatment of the career of his heroine in______also draws heavily on the naturalistic understanding of sexuality.A. McTeagueB. An American TragedyC. Sister CarrieD. The Genius63.__________________ is a great giant of American, whom H. L. Menckenconsiders the true father of our natural literature.A. Henry JamesB. Washington IrvingC. Mark TwainD. TheodoreDreiser64.______________--- is an account of American tourists in Europe which pokefun at the pretentious, decadent and undemocratic Old World in a satirical tone.A. The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. A Connecticut Yankee in KingArthur’s Cou rtC. Innocents AbroadD. Life on the Mississippi65.______________-- was the first American writer to conceive his career ininternational terms.A. Washington IrvingB. T. S. EliotC. Ezra PoundD. Henry James66.________________is consid ered as Theodore Dreiser’s greatest work.A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. The FinancierD. The Titan67._______________, disregarding grammar and punctuation, always used “i”instead of “I’ to refer to himself as a protest against self importa nce.A. Wallace StevensB. e. e. cummingsC. Robert FrostD. William CarlosWilliams68.Sherwood Anderson explores the motivations and frustrations of his fictionalcharacters in terms of Freud’s theory of psychology, particularly in one book____________.A. Winesburg, OhioB. BabbitC. The Grapes of WrathD. The Catcher inthe Rye69.The leading playwright of the modern period in American literature, if not themost successful in all his experiments, is _______.A. Arthur MillerB. Tennessee WilliamC. George Bernard ShawD.Eugene O’ Neil70.As he is a leading spokesman of the Imagist Movement, ________ famousone-image poem “In a Station of the Metro” would serve as a typical example of the imagist ideas.A. T. S. EliotB. Robert FrostC. Ezra P oundD. Wallace Stevens’s71.In his masterpiece, _____________Pound traces the rise and all of easternand western empires, the moral and social chaos of the modern world, especially the corruption of American after the heroic time of Jefferson.A. Make it NewB. The CantosC. ConfuciusD. Polite Essays72.Robert Frost is generally considered a regional poet in the sense that hissubject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in _________.A. New EnglandB. New YorkC. Southern AmericaD. the West73.____________-stems from the ambiguity of the speaker’s choice betweensafety and the unknown.A. “Mending the Wall”B. “Home Burial”C. “The Road Not Taken’D. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening’74.______________marks the climax of Eugene O’Neil’s literary career and thecoming of the age of American drama.A. The Hairy ApeB.Long Day’s Journey Into NightC. The Iceman ComethD. The Emperor Jones75._______________is a play that concerns the problem of modern man’sidentity.A. The Hairy ApeB.Long Day’s Journey Into NightC. Desire Under the ElmD. The Emperor Jones76._____________ fuses symbolism, poetry, and the affirmation of a paganidealism to show how materialistic civilization denies the life-giving impulses and destroys the genuine artist.A. Desire Under the ElmB. The Emperor JonesC. Lazarus LaughedD. The Great God Brown77._______________is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.A.Ernest HemingwayB. F. Scott FitzgeraldC. William FaulknerD. EzraPound78._______________ is Hemingway’s first true novel in which he depicts a vividportrait of the “the lost generation’.A. The Sun Also RisesB. A Farewell to ArmsC. In Our TimesD. For Whom the Bell Tolls79.In a tragic sense, ___ is a representation of life as a struggle againstunconquerable forces in which only a partial victory is possible.A. For Whom the Bell TollsB. In Our TimesC. The Old Man and SeaD. A Farewell to Arms.80.Faulkner once said that __________ is a story of “lost innocence”, whichproves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A.The Sound and FuryB.Light in AugustC. Do Down, MosesD.Absalom, Absalom!1-10 BADAC CDABB11-20 CABBB ADBAB21-30 BBABC BBDBC31-40 ADCAB CBCBB41-50 ADAAD BBACB51-60 ABBBC ACDDB61-70 ACCCD ABADC71-80 BADBA DBACA1.“ Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" is a poem by an New EnglandPoet______________.A. Wallace StevensB. Robert FrostC. William Carols WilliamsD.Langston Hughes2. Harriet Beecher Stowe is most known for her _________ that speaks forblacks.A. Voice of FreedomB. Uncle Tom’s CabinC. ClotelD. The Grapes of Wrath3. It is generally understood that the recurrent theme in many of ThomasHardy’s novels is _________.A. man against natureB. love and marriageC. social criticismD. fateand destiny4. The Romantic period in English literature began with the publicationof____________.A. William Blake’s Song of InnocenceB. Jane Austen’s Pride and PrejudiceC. Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical BalladsD. Sir Water Scott’sIvanhoe5. The first novel published by the black is _____________’ Clotel.A. Harriet Beecher StoweB. Harriet WilsonC. Williams Wells BrownD.John Brown.6. ________ wrote a tetralogy of “Rabbit” the third of which makes him win thePulitzer Prize.A. John UpdikeB. John SteinbeckC. John BathD. John Donne7. The Magic Barrel is written by_______.A. Saul BellowB. Bernad MalamaudC. Philip RothD. J. D. Salinger8. Which of the following can not be used to describe John Dryden?A. poetB. playwrightC. essayistD. novelist9. Small World is a novel written by _________.A. John BathB. Daphne Du MaurierC. Donald BarthelmeD. David Lodge10. Their Eyes Were Watching at God is a novel by ___________.A. Alice WalkerB. Toni MorrisonC. Zora Neale HurstonD. Maya Angelou11. Rip Van Winkle is a short story written by _____.A James Fenimore CooperB Washington IrvingC Edgar Allan PoeD MarkTwain12. The Legend of Sleeping Hollow is a short story written by ____.A James Fenimore CooperB Washington IrvingC Edgar Allan PoeD Mark T wain13.The Romantic Period in American Literary history started with the publication of ____.A Washington Irving’s The Sketch BookB Washington Irving’s Tales of A Tra velerC Whitman’s Leaves of GrassD James Fenimore Cooper’s Leather Stocking Tales14.The American Renaissance” is the period of ____in the history of America n literature.A Local ColorismB RomanticismC New England TranscendentalismD Colonialism15.Edgar Allan Poe is known as a poet and critic but most famous as the firstmaster of the form of ______.A poemB dramaC short storyD essay16.The Poetic Principle was written by ____who also wrote The Philosophy of Co mposition.A Edgar Allan PoeB Walt WhitmanC Ralph Waldo EmersonD Henry David Thoreau17. In “A Rose for Emily”, Faulkner makes best use of the ______ device in narration.A. RomanticB. RealisticC. GothicD. Modernist18. Mark Twain shaped the world’s view of America and made a combination ofserious literature and _______.A. American folk humorB. English folkloreC. American traditional valuesD. funny jokes19.Theodore Dreiser is generally acknowledged as one of America’s literary________________.A. realistsB. naturalistsC. romantistsD. modernists20.In Frost’s poems, images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from_________________.A. the simple country lifeB. the urban lifeC. the life on the seaD. the adventures and trips21.Scott Fitzgerald never spared an intimate touch in his fiction to deal with thebankruptcy of the _______________________________.A. American DreamB. ruling classesB. American Capitalists D.American bourgeoisie22.Eugene O’Neill is regarded as the founder of American_____________________.A. poetryB. dramaC. fictionD. literature23.___________________ is Hemingway’s masterpiece, which tells a storyabout the tragic love of a wounded American soldier with a British nurse. A. A Farewell to Arms B.The Sun Also RisesC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. In Our Time24. In his essays, ______ put forward his philosophy of the over soul, the important of the Individual and Nature.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Washington IrvingC. Mark TwainD.Ralph Waldo Emerson25.The chief spokesman of New England Transcendentalism is __________A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Henry David ThoreauD. Washington Irving26.______ literary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented andproblematical one, which has much to do with his “black” vision of life and human beings.A. Herman Melville’sB. Washington Irving’sC.Nathaniel Hawthorne’sD. Walt Whitman’s27.Most of the poems in _____ sing of the “en-masse” and the self as well.A. Leaves of GrassB. Drum TapsC. North of BostonD. The Cantos28.In _____, Whitman airs his sorrow at President Lincoln’s death.A. “Cavalry Crossing a Ford”B. “A Pact”C. When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’dD. There was a Child Went Forth”29.In ______, Hawthorne sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evilsecret.A. “The Custom-House”B. “Young Goodman Brown”C. “Rapp accini’s Daughter”D. “The Birthmark"30.Theodore Dreiser’s forgiving treatment of the career of his heroine in ______ also draws heavily upon the naturalistic understanding of sexuality.A McTeague B. An American Tragedy C. Sister Carri e D. The Genius31._______ is usually regarded as a classic book written for boys about theirparticular horrors and joys.A.The Adventures of Tom SawyerB. The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnC. Innocents AbroadD. Life on the Mississippi32.The only dramatist ever to win a Nobel Prize was ___________.A. Bernard ShawB. Eugene O’NeilC. Richard Brinsley SheridanD. William Shakespeare33._________ is considered to be Theodore Dreiser’s greatest work.A. An American TragedyB. Sister CarrieC. The FinancierD. The Titan34.The leading playwright of the modern period in American literature, if not themost successful in all his experiments, is _______A. Arthur MillerB. Tennessee WilliamC. George Bernard ShawD. Eugene O’Neil35.________ is a play that concerns the problem of modern man’s identity.A. The Hairy ApeB. Long Day’s Journey Into NightC. The Iceman ComethD. The Emperor Jones1-10 BBDCCABDDC 11-20 BBABCACABA 21-30 ABADBCACBC 31-35 ABADA。