洁净钢与夹杂物

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第十三届全国炼钢学术会议

总结

本文首先论述了夹杂物对钢质量的影响,其次论述了内生夹杂物和外来夹杂物的来源和形貌。内生

夹杂物来自脱氧产物和冷却及凝固过程的沉淀析出。外来夹杂物的主要来源是钢的二次氧化、卷渣和内

衬侵蚀。第三论述了评估夹杂物的各种不同的方法,包括直接和间接的方法。检测钢的洁净度没有单一

的方法,最好是结合几种方法来作更精确的评估。许多钢厂在低碳铝镇静钢的生产中控制总氧含量和吸

氮量,此处也为许多厂家作了总结。最后论述了在中间包、钢水传递和铸机方面改善钢的洁净度的生产

操作实践。中间包操作应当使用大容量的深中间包、稳定的内衬和稳定的碱性覆盖剂,应当控制流场进

行优化如冲击板之类,以去除夹杂物,尤其是在过渡期间。钢水传递方面的操作应当采用最佳的自开浇

钢包、耐火材料稳定的长水口保护、氩气保护、密封和注意避免二次氧化、卷渣以及水口堵塞。结晶器

操作应该优化拉速、水口几何形状、吹气、浸入深度和电磁力,以保持一个稳定的结晶器流场,促进夹

杂物上浮,同时避免产生新的缺陷。应当采用立弯式铸机以减少内弧侧夹杂物和气泡的卷入。

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