生物专业英语中英文对照(Bioengineering English)

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生物化学专业词汇及英汉对照.

癌基因oncogene艾滋病acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome,AIDS 氨喋呤anminopterin carbamoyl phosphate synthetase Ⅰ, CPS-Ⅰ氨基甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ氨基末端amino terminal氨基酸amino acid氨基酸接纳茎acceptor stem氨基酸序列amino acid sequenceδ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸δ—aminolevulinic acid,ALA氨基酰-tRNA合成酶aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase氨基酰位aminoacyl site氨基转移酶aminotransferase氨甲喋呤methotrexate, MTX氨肽酶,氨基肽酶aminopeptidase胺氧化酶amine oxidase巴士德Pastuer靶细胞target cell白化病albinism白三烯leukotrienes,LTs摆动性wobble斑点印迹bot blotting半保留复制semi-conservative replication半不连续复制semi-discontinuous replication 半胱氨酸cysteine半乳糖galactose, Gal伴侣素chaperonins包涵体inclusion body胞苷cytidine胞嘧啶cytosine,C胞质小RNA small cytoplasmic RNA,scRNA 保守性转座conservative transposition苯丙氨酸羟化酶phenylalanine hydroxylase 苯酮酸尿症phenyl ketonuria, PKU吡哆胺pyridoxamine吡哆醇pyridoxine吡哆醛pyridoxal必需氨基酸essential amino acid必需基团essential group必需激活剂essential activator编码链coding strand变构部位allosteric site变构调节allosteric regulation变构激活剂allosteric activator变构酶allosteric enzyme变构效应allosteric effect变构效应剂allosteric effector变构抑制剂allosteric inhibitor变性denaturation变性梯度胶电泳denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE 辨认位点recognition site标志补救marker rescue表达载体expression vector表构酶epimerase表观Km值apparent Km表面效应surface effect别嘌呤醇allopurinol丙氨酸-葡萄糖循环alanine-glucose cycle 丙酮acetone丙酮酸pyruvate丙酮酸激酶pyruvate kinase丙酮酸羧化酶pyruvate carboxylase病毒癌基因virus oncogene,v-onc卟啉症porphyria补救合成途径salvage pathway不对称转录asymmetric transcription不可逆性抑制作用irreversible inhibition 参入incorporation残基residue残粒remnant操纵序列operator操纵子operon侧翼区flanking region层析chromatography层粘连蛋白laminin,Ln插入insertion插入序列insertion sequences, IS长末端重复序列long terminal repeat, LTR长萜醇dolichol肠肝循环bilinogen enterohepatic circulation,enterohepatic circulation超螺旋结构superhelix, supercoil超敏位点hypersensitive site超速离心ultra-centrifuge超速离心法ultracentrifugation超氧物歧化酶superoxide dismutase, SOD沉降系数sedimentation coefficient,S成肽peptide bond formation初级胆汁酸primary bile acids初级转录产物primary transcripts储脂细胞lipocyte串联酶tandem enzyme锤头结构hammerbead structure醇脱氢酶alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH次黄核苷inosine,I次黄嘌呤inosine次黄嘌呤核苷酸inosine monphosphate, IMP次黄嘌呤核苷酸转移酶adenine phosphoribosyl transferase, APRT 次级胆汁酸secondary bile acids从头合成途径de novo synthesis促红细胞生成素erythropoietin,EPO催化基团catalytic group催化型受体catalytic receptor催化性DNA DNAzyme催化性RNA catalytic RNA催化性小RNA small catalytic RNA脆性X综合征fragile X syndrome脆性位点fragile site错配mismatch大沟major groove代谢库metabolic pool单胺氧化酶monoamine oxidase, MAO单纯酶simple enzyme单核苷酸多态性single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs单链DNA结合蛋白single stranded DNA binding protein, SSB单链构象多态性single strand conformation polymorphism, SSCP 单顺反子monocistron单体酶monomeric enzyme胆chole胆钙化醇cholecalciferol胆固醇cholesterol胆固醇7a-羟化酶cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase胆固醇流出调节蛋白cholesterol-efflux regulatory protein, CERP胆固醇酯酶cholesteryl esterase胆红素bilirubin胆红素脑病bilirubin encephalopathy胆碱choline胆碱酯酶choline esterase胆绿素biliverdin胆绿素还原酶biliverdin reductase胆囊胆汁gallbladder bile胆色素bile pigment胆色素原prophobilinogen,PBG胆素bilin胆素原bilinogen胆酸cholic acid胆盐bile salts胆汁bile胆汁酸bile acids弹性蛋白酶elastase蛋白二硫键异构酶protein disulfide isomerase,PDI 蛋白激酶C protein kinase C,PKC蛋白聚糖proteoglycan蛋白聚糖聚合物aggrecan蛋白磷酸酶protein phophatase蛋白酶protease蛋白酶体proteasome,proteosome蛋白质protein蛋白质表达protein expression蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用protein-protein interaction蛋白质的靶向输送protein targeting蛋白质的凝固作用protein coagulation蛋白质数据库protein databasesDNA-蛋白质相互作用DNA-protein interaction蛋白质芯片protein chip蛋白质印迹技术Western blotting蛋白质转换protein turnover蛋白质组proteome蛋白质组学Proteomics氮平衡nitrogen balance倒位酶invertase等电点isoelectric point,pI等位基因特异寡核苷酸allele-specific ologonucleotide,ASO 低血糖diabetes mellitus低血糖症hypoglycemia底物substrate底物水平磷酸化substrate-level phosphorylation底物循环substrate cycle地心引力gravity第二信使secondary messenger点突变point mutation电穿孔electroporation电喷雾质谱electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,ESI-MS电泳electrophoresis电子传递链electron transfer chain淀粉starchα-淀粉酶α-amylase凋亡apoptosis调节部位regulatory site调节酶regulatory enzymes调节子regulon定位候选基因克隆策略positional candidate gene approaches 定位克隆positional cloning定向排列orientation arrange杜氏肌营养不良症duchenne muscular dystrophy,DMD端粒telomere端粒酶RNA human telomerase RNA,hTR端粒酶逆转录酶human telomerase reverse transcriptase,hTRT 端粒酶协同蛋白1human telomerase associated protein 1,hTP1 短串联重复序列short tandem repeat断裂基因splite gene钝性未端blunt end多胺polyamines多巴胺dopamine多不饱和脂酸polyunsaturated fatty acid多功能酶multifunctional enzyme多核糖体polyribosome多接头克隆位点polylinker cloning sites多聚核蛋白体polysome多聚核苷酸polynucleotides多聚体polymer多聚脱氧核苷酸polydeoxynucleotides多酶体系multienzyme system多顺反子polycistron多顺反子mRNA polycistronic mRNA多态性polymorphism多肽polypeptide多肽链polypeptide chain多样性片段diversity segment多元催化multielement catalysis鹅膏蕈碱amanitin鹅脱氧胆酸chenodeoxycholic acid儿茶酚胺catecholamine二次转酯反应twice transesterification二级结构secondary structure二甲基丙烯焦磷酸3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, DPP 二聚化dimerization二聚体dimer二氢叶酸合成酶dihydrofolic acid synthetase二氢叶酸还原酶dihydrofolate reductase二巯基丙醇British anti-Lewisite,proteosome,BAL二十二碳六烯酸docosahexaenoic acid, DHA二十碳五烯酸eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA二肽酶dipeptidase二硝基苯酚dinitrophenol,DNP发夹hairpin翻译起始复合物translational initiation complex反基因策略antigene strategy反竞争性抑制作用uncompetitive inhibition反密码子anticodon反式trans反式作用因子trans-acting factor反烯酰CoA异构酶trans enoyl-CoA isomerase反义寡核苷酸antioligonucleotide反转录PCR reverse transcription PCR,RT-PCR反转重复序列inverted repeat泛醌ubiquinone泛素ubiquitin泛素化ubiquuitination泛酸pantothenic acid非mRNA小RNA small non-messenger RNA,snmRNAs 非必需氨基酸non-essencial amino acid非必需激活剂non-essential activator非蛋白氮non-protein nitrogen, NPN非定位候选基因克隆策略position-independent candidate gene approaches 非竞争性抑制作用non-competitive inhibitionRNA分化加工differential RNA processing分节基因segmentation genes分解代谢阻遏catabolic repression分解物基因激活蛋白catabolite gene activation protein, CAP分支酶debranching enzyme分支移动branch migration分子伴侣chaperon,molecular chaperon分子克隆molecular clone分子医学molecular medicine粉蝶霉素A piericidin A粉液化芽苞杆菌bacillus amyloliguefaciens粪卟啉原III coproporphyrinogen III,CPGIII粪胆素stercobilin,l-urobilin粪胆素原stercobilinogen,l-urobilinogen丰富基因redundant gene佛波酯phorbol ester5-氟尿嘧啶5-fluorouracil, 5-fu脯氨酸富含域proline-rich domain辅基prosthetic group辅酶coenzyme辅酶I NAD+辅酶II NADP+辅酶Q coenzyme Q,CoQ辅脂酶colipase辅助因子cofactor辅助因子Fis factor for inversion stimulation 辅阻遏剂corepressor 腐败作用putrefaction负超螺旋negative supercoil负碳离子carbanion复合体complex复合体Ⅴcomplex V复性renaturation复制replication复制酶replicase复制体replisome复制性转座duplicative transposition复制因子replication factor,RF复制子replicon富含AT AT rich钙调蛋白calmodulin CaM干扰RNA interference RNA,RNAi RNA干涉RNA interference,RNAi 甘氨胆酸glycocholic acid甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸glycochenodeoxycholic acid 甘露糖mannose, Man 甘油激酶glycerokinase甘油磷脂phosphoglycerides甘油三酯triglyceride2-甘油一酯2-monoglyceride肝胆红素hepatobilirubin肝胆汁hepatic bile肝素heparin肝细胞性黄疸hepatocellular jaundice感染infection感受态细胞competent cell岡崎片段Okazaki fragment高保真性high fidelity高脂蛋白血症hyperlipoproteinemia高脂血症hyperlipidemia功能互补实验functional complementation assay功能基因组学functional genomics功能克隆functional cloning共价修饰covalent modification共同的偶配体SMADs common-partner-SMAD,Co-SMADs共有序列consensus sequence谷氨酰胺合成酶glutamine synthetase谷氨酰胺酶glutaminase谷丙转氨酶glutamic pyruvic transaminase, GPT, ALT谷草转氨酶glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GOT, AST β-谷固醇β-sitosterol 谷胱甘肽glutathione, GSH谷胱甘肽S-环氧化物转移酶glutathione S-epoxidetransferase骨形态发生蛋白bone morphogenetic protein,BMPs钴胺素cobalamin钴胺素I transcobalamin I, TC I固醇sterol固醇载体蛋白sterol carrier protein, SCP固定化酶immobilized enzyme寡核苷酸点阵oligonucleotide arrays寡核苷酸微芯片oligonucleotide micro-chip寡核苷酸杂交分析oligonucleotide hybridization analysis 寡聚酶oligomeric enzyme寡霉素oligomycin寡肽oligopeptide寡肽酶oligopeptidase关键酶key enzymes管家基因housekeeping gene光修复light repairing光修复酶photolyase胱甘肽S-转移酶glutathione S-transferase滚环复制rolling circle replication6-果糖双磷酸酶-26-phosphofructokinase-2果糖双磷酸酶-2fructose biphosphatase-2过渡态transition state过氧化酶体peroxisomes过氧化氢酶catalase,peroxidaseALA合酶ALA synthaseATP合酶ATP snthase核磁共振技术nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR核蛋白nuclear protein核蛋白体RNA ribosomal RNA,rRNA核蛋白体蛋白质ribosomal protein,rp核蛋白体结合位点ribosomal binding site, RBS核蛋白体循环ribosomal cycle核定位信号nuclear localization signal, NLS核定位序列nuclear localization sequence,NLS核苷ribonucleoside核苷二磷酸nucleoside diphosphate,NDP核苷三磷酸nucleoside triphosphate,NTP核苷酸nucleotide核苷一磷酸nucleoside monophosphate,NMP核黄素riboflavin核酶ribozyme核内不均一RNA heterogeneous nuclear RNA,hnRNA 核内小分子RNA small nuclear RNA,snRNA核仁小分子RNA small nucleolar RNA,snoRNA核输入因子nuclear importin核酸nucleic acid核酸内切酶endonuclease核酸外切酶exonuclease核糖核苷酸ribonucleotide核糖核酸ribonucleic acid,RNA核糖体ribosome核小体nucleosome核心颗粒core particle核心酶core enzyme核因子κB nuclear factor-κB,NF-κ B Pribnow盒Pribnow box黑色素melanin亨丁顿舞蹈病Huntington disease恒定片段constant segment后基因组计划post-Human Genome Project, PHGP 呼吸控制率respiratory control ratio, RCR呼吸链respiratory chainb-胡萝卜素b-carotene琥珀酸CoA succinyl CoA琥珀酸CoA合成酶succinyl-CoA synthetase琥珀酸脱氢酶succinate dehydrogenasea互补alpha complementation互补complementary互补的单链DNA complementary DNA花生四烯酸arachidonic acid化学渗透假说chemiosmotic hypothesis化学修饰chemical modificationHMG CoA还原酶HMG CoA reductase环loop环丁基环cyclobutane ringD-环复制D-loop replication缓激肽bradykinin黄疸jaundice黄嘌呤氧化酶xanthosine oxidase黄素单核苷酸flavin mononucleotide, FMN黄素蛋白flavoprotein黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD恢复rescue回文结构palindrome混合功能氧化酶mixed-function oxidase 混合微团mixed micelles活化能activation energy活化素activin活性部位active site活性区activation domain,AD活性中心active center获得性突变gain-of-function mutation肌酸creatine肌酸酐creatinine肌酸激酶creatine kinase, CK肌营养不良蛋白dystrophin基本重组general recombination基本转录因子general transcription factors 基底层bacal laminae基膜baxal lamina基因gene基因靶向gene targeting基因沉默因子silencing factor基因工程genetic engineering基因间隔gene spacer基因矫正gene correction基因克隆gene cloning基因疗法gene therapeutics基因敲除gene knock-out基因失活gene inactivation,loss-of-function mutations 基因文库gene library 基因芯片gene chip基因芯片点阵genechip arrays基因增补gene augmentation基因诊断gene diagnosis基因治疗gene therapy基因置换gene replacement基因重组genetic recombination基因转移gene transfer基因族gene family基因组genome,genomics基因组DNA genomic DNA基因组DNA文库genomic DNA library基因作图genetic mapping激动型G蛋白stimulatory G protein,Gs激活蛋白activator激活功能activation function激活剂activator激素反应元件hormone response element激素敏感性甘油三酯脂肪酶hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase, HSL 级联系统cascade system即刻早期反应基因immediate-early gene,IEG急性时相蛋白质acute phase protein APP急性时相反应物acute phase reactant APR己糖激酶hexokinase加单氧酶monooxygenase甲基化methylation甲基化酶methylase甲基转移酶methyl transferase甲硫氨酸循环methionine cycle甲羟戊酸mevalonic acid, MVA甲胎蛋白α-fetoproteinN-甲酰甲硫氨酸N-formyl methionine,fMet 假尿嘧啶ψ,pseudouridine假神经递质false neurotransmitter间接胆红素indirect reacting bilirubin间接体内疗法ex vivomRNA剪接mRNA splcing剪接splicing剪接接口splicing junction剪接体splicesome检查点check point简并性degeneracy碱基base碱基对base pairs, bp碱性亮氨酸拉链basic eucine zipper碱性螺旋-环-螺旋basic helix-loop-helix降解degradation交联对话cross talk胶原collagen胶原微纤维collagen fibril胶原纤维collagen fiber焦谷氨酸pyroglutamic acid焦磷酸法尼酯farnesyl pyrophosphate, FPPUDPG焦磷酸化酶UDPG pyrophosphorylase焦磷酸硫胺素thiamine pyrophosphate, TPP酵解途径glycolytic pathway酵母yeast酵母基因剔除yeast knockout project酵母人工染色体载体yeast artificial chromosome vector, YAC 酵母双杂交系统yeast two-hybrid-system阶段特异性stage specificity接合作用conjugation接受体acceptor结构基因structural gene结构基因组学structural genomicsSH2结构域Scr homology 2 domainSH3结构域Scr homology 3 domain结构域domain结合胆汁酸conjugated bile acidpoly(A结合蛋白poly(A-binding protein,PABP结合反应conjugation reactionATP结合盒转运蛋白AI ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, ABCA1 结合基团binding group结合酶conjugated enzyme结合区binding domain,BD结合体adaptorDNA结合域DNA binding domain解缠酶untwisting enzyme解毒作用detoxication解磷定pyridine aldoxime methyliodide,PAM解螺旋酶helicase解偶联蛋白uncoupling protein解偶联剂uncoupler金属激活酶metal-activated enzyme金属酶metalloenzyme紧张态tense state进位entrance茎stem茎环stem-loop精胺spermine精脒spermidine竞争性抑制作用competitive inhibition矩形双曲线rectangular hyperbola巨幼红细胞性贫血megaloblastic anemia RNA聚合酶RNA-pol聚合酶链反应polymerase chain reaction, PCR 聚糖glycan绝对特异性absolute specificity癞皮病pellagra劳氏肉瘤病毒Rous sarcoma virus,RSV酪氨酸蛋白激酶tyrosine-protein kinase,TPK 酪氨酸酶tyrosinase类核nucleoid厘摩centimorgen, cM立体异构特异性stereospecificity立早基因immediate-early gene利福平rifampicinN-连接聚糖N-linked glycanO-连接聚糖O-linked glycanDNA连接酶DNA ligase连接酶类ligases连接片段joining segment连接物蛋白adaptor protein连锁分析likage analysis连锁图genetic map,linkage map连续性commaless猎物prey,target protein裂解酶类lyases邻近效应proximity effect林-贝氏Lineweaver- Burk磷酸丙糖异构酶triose phosphate isomerase磷酸二酯键phosphodiester linkage4’-磷酸泛酰氨基乙硫醇4’-phosphopantetheine 磷酸钙转染calcium phosphate transfectionα-磷酸甘油穿梭α-glycerophosphate shuttle3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase磷酸甘油酸变位酶phosphoglycerate mutase磷酸甘油酸激酶phosphoglycerate kinase6-磷酸果糖fructose-6-phosphate , F-6-P6-磷酸果糖激酶-16-phosphofructokinase-1磷酸肌酸creatine phosphate, CP6-磷酸葡萄糖glucose-6-phosphate,G-6-P磷酸戊糖旁路pentose phosphate pathway,pentose phosphate shunt 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸enolase,phopho-enolpyruvate,PEP3'-磷酸腺苷-5'-磷酸硫酸3'-phospho-adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate, PAPS磷脂交换蛋白phospholipid exchange proteins磷脂酶A2phospholipase A2磷脂酶类phospholipase磷脂酸phosphatidic acid领头链leading strand另一类激酶just another kinases硫胺素thiamine硫解酶thiolase硫酸角质素keratan sulfate硫酸类肝素heparan sulfate硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate硫酸软骨素类chordroitin sulfates硫酸转移酶sulfate transferase硫辛酸lipoic acid硫氧化还原蛋白thioredoxin硫氧化还原蛋白还原酶thioredoxin reductase路易士气Lewisite卵母细胞oocyte伦理、法律及社会问题ethical, legal and social issues, ELSI α-螺旋α-helix螺旋反稳定蛋白helix destabilizing protein,HDP麦角钙化醇ergocalciferol麦角固醇ergosterol麦芽糖maltose慢反应物质slow reacting substances of analphylaxis锚蛋白ankynin帽结构cap sequence帽结合蛋白cap binding proteins,CBPsDNA酶deoxyribonuclease,DNaseRNA酶ribonuclease, RNase酶enzyme酶促反应动力学kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reaction酶蛋白poenzyme酶联免疫测定法enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA 酶免检测分析enzyme immunodetection assay酶偶联测定法enzyme coupled assays酶原zymogen门管周带periportal zone靡蛋白chymotrypsin米氏方程式Michaelis equation密度梯度离心density gradient centrifugation密码子codon嘧啶pyrimidine免疫印迹immunoblotting模板template模板理论piecing theory模板链template strand模体motif末端转移酶terminal transferase母亲效应基因maternal effect genes目的基因target DNA内分泌endocrine内分泌信号endocrine signal内含子intron内化internalization内皮生长抑制蛋白vastatin内皮抑素Endostatin内肽酶endopeptidase内因子intrinsic factor, IF内在序列同源结构internal seguence homology 内酯酶lactonase内质网endoplasmic reticulum,ER尼克酸nicotinic acid逆向转运reverse cholesterol transport, RCT逆转录reverse transcription逆转录病毒retro-virus, RV逆转录酶reverse transciptase鸟氨酸脱羧酶orinithine decarboxylase鸟氨酸循环orinithine cycle鸟苷guanosine鸟苷酸结合蛋白,G蛋白guanylate binding protein鸟嘌呤guanine,G鸟嘌呤环化酶guanylyl cyclase,GC尿卟啉原I同合酶UPG I cosynthased-尿胆素d-urobilini-尿胆素i-urobilind-尿胆素原d-urobilinogen尿苷uridine尿苷二磷酸葡糖醛酸uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, UDPGA 尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖uridine diphophate glucose, UDPG尿嘧啶uracil,U尿嘧啶核苷酸uridine monophosphate, UMP尿素循环urea cycle柠檬酸citrate柠檬酸-丙酮酸循环citrate pyruvate cycle柠檬酸合酶citrate synthase柠檬酸裂合酶citrate lyase凝集素样受体lectin-like receptor凝胶过滤gel filtration牛磺胆酸taurocholic acid牛磺鹅脱氧胆酸taurochenodeoxycholic acid 偶氮还原酶类azoreductase偶氮还原酶类azoreductase爬行模型inchworn model排出位exit site旁分泌paracrine旁分泌信号paracrine signal胚胎干细胞embryonic stem cell配体ligand配体蛋白ligandin配伍未端compatible endH片段H segmentKlenow片段Klenow fragment片段重组体patch recombinant嘌呤purine嘌呤核苷酸循环purine nucleotide cycle拼接重组体splice recombinant平行分子遗传学分析parallel molecular genetic analysis苹果酸-天冬氨酸穿梭malate-asparate shuttle苹果酸脱氢酶fumarate hydratase,malate dehydrogenase DEAE葡聚糖介导转染DEAE dextran-mediated transfection葡糖醛酸胆红素bilirubin glucuronideUDP-葡糖醛酸基转移酶UDP-glucuronyl transferases, UGT葡萄糖glucose,Glc葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶glucose-6-phophatase葡萄糖激酶glucokinase葡萄糖耐量glucose tolerence葡萄糖转运体glucose transporter,GLUT栖热水生菌thermus aquaticus启动元件initiator启动子promoter起点origin起始tRNA initiator-tRNA起始密码initiation coden起始因子initiation factor,IF前病毒provirus前导片段leader segment前列腺环素prostacyclin前列腺素prostaglandin, PG前脑forebrain前清蛋白prealbumin, PAβ-羟丁酸β-hydroxybutyrate羟化酶hydroxylase3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl CoA, HMG CoA3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA, HMG CoA3-羟甲基戊二酸单酰3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase, HMG CoA CoA合酶synthase鞘氨醇sphingosine鞘脂sphingolipids切除修复excision repairing切口-封闭酶nicking-closing enzyme5-氢过氧化廿碳四烯酸5-hydroperoxy-eicotetraenoic acid, 5-HPETE 清蛋白albumin清道夫受体scavenger receptor, SR球蛋白globulin区带zone去饱和酶desaturase去甲肾上腺素norepinephrine全酶holoenzyme醛缩酶aldolase醛脱氢酶aldehyde dehydrogenase, ALDH缺口nick缺失deletion染色体chromosome染色体步移chromosome walking染色体畸形chromosomal abnormality染色质chromatin热休克蛋白heat shock proteins, Hsp人类白细胞抗原human leucocyte antigen,HLA人类基因组计划human genome project, HGP人类免疫缺陷病毒human immuno-deficiency virus,HIV 溶菌生长途径lysis pathway溶血性黄疸hemolytic jaundice溶源菌生长途径lysogenic pathway融解温度elting temperature, Tm肉碱carnitine肉碱-脂酰肉碱转位酶carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase 肉碱脂酰转移酶I carnitine acyl transferase I乳酸lactate乳酸脱氢酶lactate dehydrogenase乳糖操纵子lac operon朊病毒蛋白prion protein, PrP三级结构tertiary structure三联体密码triplet codetriplex-forming oligonucleotide, TFO三链DNA形成脱氧寡核苷酸三链技术triplex approach三羧酸循环tricarboxylic acid cycle三叶草形cloverleaf patternB沙门氏菌 B Salmonella鲨烯squalene鲨烯合酶squalene synthase筛选screening上调up regulation上游因子upstream factors射线radiation,RADX射线衍射法X-ray diffraction神经鞘磷脂sphingomyelin神经肽neuropeptide肾上腺素epinephrine生长因子growth factor生糖氨基酸glucogenic amino acid生糖兼生酮氨基酸glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid 生酮氨基酸ketogenic amino acid生物胞素biocytin生物催化剂biocatalyst生物大分子biomacromolecule生物化学biochemistry生物素biotin生物信息学bioinformatics生物氧化biological oxidation生物转化biotransformationa-生育酚当量a-tocophenol equivalents, a-TE 生殖细胞germ line cell石胆酸lithocholic acid时间特异性temporal specificity视蛋白opsin视黄醇retinol视黄醇结合蛋白retinol binding protein, RBP 视黄醇磷酸retinyl phosphate视黄醛retinal视黄酸retinoic acid视网膜母细胞瘤retinoblastoma饰胶蛋白decorin释放因子release factor,RFHDL受体HDL recepter受体receptor受体调节的SMADs receptor-regulated-SMAD,R-SMADs LDL受体相关蛋白LDL receptor related protein, LRP6-疏基嘌呤6-mercaptopurine,6MP鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌salmonella typhimurium衰减attenuation衰减区域attenuator region衰减子attenuator双倒数作图法double reciprocal plot双链duplex1,6-双磷酸果糖1,6-fructose-biphosphate,F-1,6-2P双螺旋double helix双色荧光探针杂交系统wo-color fluorescent probe hybridization 双缩脲反应biuret reaction双向复制bidirectional replication双性α-螺旋amphipathicαhelix水解酶类hydrolases水溶性维生素water-soluble vitamin顺反子cistron顺式cis顺式作用元件cis-acting element瞬时转染transient transfection丝氨酸磷脂phosphatidyl serine丝甘蛋白聚糖serglycin四级结构quaternary structure四膜虫tetrahymena四氢叶酸tetrahydrofolic acid, FH4 or THFA松弛酶relaxing enzyme松弛态relaxed state酸性激活域acidic activation domain随从链lagging strandDNA损伤DNA damage羧基末端carboxyl terminal羧基末端结构域carboxyl terminal domain, CTD羧基肽酶A carboxypeptidase A肽peptide肽单元peptide unit肽-脯氨酰顺反异构酶peptide prolyl cis-trans isomerase,PPI肽核酸peptide nucleic acid, PNA肽酶peptidase肽酰位peptidyl site肽转位复合物peptide translocation complex 糖蛋白glycoprotein糖复合物glycoconjugates糖苷键glycosidic bondDNA糖苷酶DNA glyclsidase糖酵解glycolysis糖尿病hyperglycemia and glucosuria糖型glycoform糖异生gluconeogenesis糖异生途径gluconeogenic pathway糖原glycogen糖原储存疾病glycogen storage disease糖原分解branching enzyme,glycogenolysis 糖原合酶glycogen synthase糖原累积症Calmodulin套索RNA lariat RNA特异位点重组site-specific recombination特异转录因子special transcription factors体内试验,直接体内疗法in vivo体外试验,试管内in vitro体细胞somatic cell体细胞基因治疗somatic cell gene therapy 天冬酰胺asparagine铁硫簇iron-sulfur cluster, Fe-S铁硫蛋白iron-sulfur protein通用性universal同二聚体homodimer同工酶isoenzyme同型半胱氨酸homocysteine同源homolog同源重组homologous recombination3-酮基二氢鞘氨醇3-ketodihydrosphingosine 酮体ketone bodiesα-酮戊二酸α- ketoglutatrateα-酮戊二酸脱氢酶复合α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex体透明质酸hyaluronic acid透析dialysis突变mutation推荐名称recommended name退火anneal,annealing脱水酶dehydrase脱羧基作用decarboxylation脱羧酶decarboxyase脱氧胞苷deoxycytidine脱氧胞苷酸deoxycytidine monophosphate, dCMP脱氧单磷酸核苷deoxynucleotide monophosphate,dNMP脱氧胆酸deoxycholic acid脱氧核苷deoxyribonucleoside脱氧核苷酸deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate, dNMP 脱氧核酶deoxyribozyme脱氧核糖核苷酸deoxynucleotide脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA脱氧鸟苷deoxyguanosine脱氧鸟苷酸deoxyguanosine monophosphate, dGMP脱氧三磷酸核苷deoxynucleotide triphosphate,dNTP脱氧腺苷deoxyadenosine脱氧腺苷酸deoxyadenosine monophosphate, dAMP脱支酶glycogen phosphorylaseDNA拓扑异构酶DNA topoisomerase唾液酸酶neuraminidase外肽酶exopeptidase外显子exon网络系统networkDNA微点阵DNA microarray微粒体乙醇氧化系统microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, MEOS 微团micelles 微纤维fibrilDNA微阵列DNA microarray维生素vitamin胃蛋白酶pepsin胃蛋白酶原pepsinogencDNA文库cDNA library稳定转染stable transfection无规卷曲random coil无嘌呤/嘧啶核苷酸apurinic/apyuimidinic acids,AP 物理图physical map物理作图physical mapping吸光率absorbance,A稀有碱基rare bases系统名称systematic name细胞癌基因cellular-oncogene,c-onc细胞色素cytochrome, Cyt细胞色素C cytochrome C细胞色素P450Cytochrome P450,Cyt P450细胞特异性cell specificity细胞外基质extracellular matrixc,ECM细胞周期cell cycle细胞周期蛋白cyclin细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶cyclin dependent kinase,CDK 下调down regulation纤连蛋白fibronectin, Fn纤维蛋白fibrin纤维蛋白溶酶原plasminogen纤维蛋白原fibrinogen酰基载体蛋白acyl carrier protein, ACP显微注射microinjection线粒体DNA mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA线粒体孔蛋白mitochondrial porin限速酶limiting velocity enzymes限制性内切核酸酶restriction endonuclease限制性片段长度多态性restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP 限制–修饰体系restriction-modification system腺病毒adeno-virus, AV腺病毒相关病毒adeno-associated virus, AAV腺苷adenosineS-腺苷甲硫氨酸S-adenosyl methionine, SAM腺苷酸环化酶adenyl cyclase,adenylate cyclase,AC腺苷酸转运蛋白adenine nucleotide transporter腺苷脱氨酶adenosine deaminase,ADA腺嘌呤adenine,A相变异phase variation相对特异性relative specificityTBP相关因子TBP-associated factor, TAF相似性similarity相转变phase variation硝基还原酶类nitroreductase硝酸纤维素nitrocellulose , NC小分子核糖核蛋白体small nuclear ribonucleoprotein, snRNP 小沟minor groove小片段干涉RNA small interfering RNA,siRNA小叶中心带centrolobular zone校读proofread协调表达coordinate expression协调调节coordinate regulation心磷脂cardiolipin心钠素arrionatriuretic peptide, ANPcDNA芯片cDNA chipDNA芯片DNA chip锌指结构zinc finger。

生物专业英语中英文对照

All eukaryotic cells contain most of the various kinds of organelles, and each organelle performs a specialized function in the cell. Organelles described in this section include ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and the plastids of plant cells.所有的真核细胞都含有多种细胞器，每个细胞器都有其特定功能。

本节主要介绍核糖体，内质网，高尔基体系，液泡，溶酶体，线粒体和植物细胞中的质体。

The number of ribosomes within a cell may range from a few hundred to many thousands. This quantity reflects the fact that, ribosomes are the sites at which amino acids are assembled into proteins for export or for use in cell processes. A complete ribosome is composed of one larger and one smaller subunit. During protein synthesis the two subunits move along a strand of mRNA, "reading" the genetic sequence coded in it and translating that sequence into protein. Several ribosomes may become attached to a single mRNA strand; such a combination is called a polysome. Most cellular proteins are manufactured on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Exportable proteins and membrane proteins are usually made in association with the endoplasmic reticulum.核糖体的数量变化从几百到几千，核糖体是氨基酸组装成蛋白质的重要场所。

生物工程(生物技术)专业英语翻译

生物工程(生物技术)专业英语翻译Lesson One（4学时）Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell Parts教学目的：使学生掌握细胞的组成结构（各种细胞器以及它们在细胞中的位置），Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。

细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。

细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。

细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。

2The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。

生物专业英文术语

A band A带A chromosome A染色体[二倍体染色体组中的正常染色体（不同于B染色体）] A site[核糖体]A部位ABA脱落酸abasic site脱碱基位点，无碱基位点abaxial远轴的abequose阿比可糖，beta脱氧岩藻糖aberrant splicing异样剪接aberration象差；畸变；失常abiogenesis自然发生论，无生源论ablastin抑殖素（抑制微生物细胞割裂或生殖的一种抗体）abnormal distrbution非正态散布abnormality异样，失常；畸形，畸变ABO blood group systemABO血型系统aboriginal mouse原生鼠abortin流产素abortion流产，败育abortive egg败育卵abortive infection流产（性）感染abortive transduction流产（性）转导ABP肌动蛋白结合蛋白abrin相思豆毒蛋白abscisic acid脱落酸abscission脱落absolute绝对的absolute configuration绝对构型absolute counting绝对测量absolute deviation绝对误差absolute error绝对误差absorbance吸收，吸光度absorbed dose吸收剂量absorbent吸收剂absorptiometer吸光计absorptiometry吸光测定法absorption吸收absorption band吸收谱带absorption cell吸收池absorption coefficient吸收系数absorption spectroscopy吸收光谱法absorption spectrum吸收光谱；吸收谱absorptive endocytosis吸收（型）胞吞（作用）absorptive pinocytosis吸收（型）胞饮（作用）absorptivity吸光系数；吸收性abundance丰度abundant丰硕的，高丰度的abundant mRNAs高丰度mRNAabzyme抗体酶acaricidin杀螨剂accedent variation偶然变异accelerated flow method加速流动法accepting arm[tRNA的]接纳臂acceptor接纳体，（接）受体acceptor site接纳位点，同意位点acceptor splicing site剪同意体acceptor stem[tRNA的]接纳茎accessible可及的accessible promoter可及启动子accessible surface可及表面accessory零件，附件；辅助的accessory cell佐细胞accessory chromosome副染色体accessory factor辅助因子accessory nucleus副核accessory pigment辅助色素accessory protein辅助蛋白（质）accommodation顺应accumulation积存，积存accuracy准确度acenaphthene二氢苊acene并苯acentric无着丝粒的acentric fragment无着丝粒断片acentric ring无着丝粒环acetal缩醛acetaldehyde乙醛acetalresin缩醛树脂acetamidase乙酰胺酶acetamide乙酰胺acetate乙酸盐acetic acid乙酸，醋酸acetic acid bacteria乙酸菌，醋酸菌acetic anhydride乙酸酐acetification乙酸化作用，醋化作用acetin乙酸甘油酯，三乙酰甘油酯acetoacetic acid乙酰乙酸Acetobacter醋杆菌属acetogen产乙酸菌acetogenic bacteria产乙酸菌acetome body酮体acetomepowder丙酮制粉[在-30度以下加丙酮制成的蛋白质匀浆物]acetomitrile乙腈acetone丙酮acetyl乙酰基acetyl coenzyme A乙酰辅酶Aacetylcholine乙酰胆碱acetylcholine agonist乙酰胆碱拮抗剂acetylcholine receptor乙酰胆碱受体acetylcholinesterase乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylene乙炔acetylene reductiontest乙炔还原实验[检查生物体的固氮能力] acetylglucosaminidase乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶acetyl glutamate synthesize乙酰谷氨酸合成酶acetylsalicylate乙酰水杨酸；乙酰水杨酸盐、酯、根acetylsalicylic acid乙酰水杨酸acetylspiramycin乙酰螺旋霉素Ache乙酰胆碱酯酶choral非手性的acholeplasma无胆甾原体AchR乙酰胆碱受体achromatic消色的；消色差的achromatic color无色achromatic lens消色差透镜achromatin非染色质acid catalysis酸催化acid fibroblast growth factor酸性成纤维细胞生长因子acid fuchsin酸性品红acid glycoprotein酸性糖蛋白acid hydrolyzed casein酸水解酪蛋白acid medium酸性培育基acid mucopolysaccharide酸性粘多糖acid phosphatase酸性磷酸酶acid protease酸性蛋白酶acid solvent酸性溶剂acidic酸性的acidic amino acid酸性氨基酸acidic protein酸性蛋白质[有时特指非组蛋白] acidic transactivator酸性反式激活蛋白acidic transcription activator酸性转录激活蛋白acidification酸化（作用）acidifying酸化（作用）acidolysis酸解acidophilia嗜酸性acidophilic bacteria嗜酸菌acidophilous milk酸奶aclacinomycin阿克拉霉素acoelomata无体腔动物acomitic acid乌头酸aconitase顺乌头酸酶aconitate乌头酸；乌头酸盐、酯、根aconitine乌头碱aconitum alkaloid乌头属生物碱ACP酰基载体蛋白acquired character取得性状acquired immunity取得性免疫acridine吖啶acridine alkaloid吖啶（类）生物碱acridine dye吖啶燃料acridine orange吖啶橙acridine yellow吖啶黄acriflavine吖啶黄素acroblast原顶体acrocentric chromosome近端着丝染色体acrolein丙烯醛acrolein polymer丙烯醛类聚合物acrolein resin丙烯醛树脂acropetal translocation向顶运输acrosin顶体蛋白acrosomal protease顶体蛋白酶acrosomal reaction顶体反映acrosome顶体acrosome reaction顶体反映acrosomic granule原顶体acrosyndesis端部联会acrylamide丙烯酰胺acrylate丙烯酸酯、盐acrylic acid丙烯酸acrylic polymer丙烯酸（酯）类聚合物acrylic resin丙烯酸（酯）类树脂acrylketone丙烯酮acrylonitrile丙烯腈actidione放线（菌）酮[即环己酰亚胺]actin肌动蛋白actin filament肌动蛋白丝actinin辅肌动蛋白[分为alfa、beta两种，beta蛋白即加帽蛋白] actinmicrofilament肌动蛋白微丝actinometer化学光度计actinomorphy辐射对称[用于描述植物的花]actinomycetes放线菌actinomycin D放线菌素Dactinospectacin放线壮观素，壮观霉素，奇霉素action作用action current动作电流action potential动作电位action spectrum动作光谱activated sludge活性污泥activated support活化支持体activating group活化基团activating transcription factor转录激活因子activation激活；活化activation analysis活化分析activation energy活化能activator激活物，激活剂，激活蛋白activator protein激活蛋白active absorption主动吸收active biomass活生物质active carbon活性碳active center活性中心active chromatin活性染色质active dry yeast活性干酵母active dydrogen compounds活性氢化合物active ester of amino acid氨基酸的活化酯active hydrogen活性氢active immunity主动免疫active oxygen活性氧active site活性部位，活性中心active transport主动转运active uptake主动吸收activin活化素[由垂体合成并由睾丸和卵巢分泌的性激素] activity活性，活度，（放射性）活度actomyosin肌动球蛋白actophorin载肌动蛋白[一种肌动蛋白结合蛋白]acute急性的acute infection急性感染acute phase急性期acute phase protein急性期蛋白，急相蛋白acute phasereaction急性期反映，急相反映[炎症反映急性期机体的防御反映] acute phase reactiveprotein急性期反映蛋白，急相反映蛋白acute phase response急性期反映，急相反映acute toxicity急性毒性ACV无环鸟苷acyclic nucleotide无环核苷酸acycloguanosine无环鸟苷，9-（2-羟乙氧甲基）鸟嘌呤acyclovir无环鸟苷acyl酰基acyl carrier protein酰基载体蛋白acyl cation酰（基）正离子acyl chloride酰氯acyl CoA脂酰辅酶Aacyl coenzyem A脂酰辅酶Aacyl fluoride酰氟acyl halide酰卤acylamino acid酰基氨基酸acylase酰基转移酶acylating agent酰化剂acylation酰化acylazide酰叠氮acylbromide酰溴acyloin偶姻acyltransferase酰基转移酶adamantanamine金刚烷胺[曾用作抗病毒剂]adamantane金刚烷adaptability适应性adaptation适应adapter衔接头；衔接子adapter protein衔接蛋白质adaptin衔接蛋白[衔接网格蛋白与其他蛋白的胞质区]adaptive behavior适应性行为adaptive enzyme适应酶adaptive molecule衔接分子adaptive response适应反映[大肠杆菌中的DNA修复系统]adaptor衔接头；衔接子adaxial近轴的addition加成addition compound加成化合物addition haploid附加单倍体addition line附加系additive添加物，添加剂additive effect加性效应additive genetic variance加性遗传方差additiverecombination插入重组，加插重组[因DNA插入而引发的基因重组] addressin地址素[选择蛋白(selectin)的寡糖配体，与淋巴细胞归巢有关] adducin内收蛋白[一种细胞膜骨架蛋白，可与钙调蛋白结合] adduct加合物，加成化合物adduct ion加合离子adenine腺嘌呤adenine arabinoside啊糖腺苷adenine phosphoribosyltransferase腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶adenoma腺瘤adenosine腺嘌呤核苷，腺苷adenosine deaminase腺苷脱氨酶adenosine diphoshate腺苷二磷酸adenosine monophosphate腺苷（一磷）酸adenosine phosphosulfate腺苷酰硫酸adenosine triphosphatase腺苷三磷酸酶adenosine triphosphate腺苷三磷酸adenovirus腺病毒adenylate腺苷酸；腺苷酸盐、酯、根adenylate cyclase腺苷酸环化酶adenylate energy charge腺苷酸能荷adenylate kinase腺苷酸激酶adenylic acid腺苷酸adenylyl cyclase腺苷酸环化酶adenylylation腺苷酰化adherence粘着，粘附，粘连；贴壁adherent cell贴壁细胞；粘着（性）细胞，粘附（性）细胞adherent culture贴壁培育adhering junction粘着连接adhesin粘附素[如见于大肠杆菌]adhesion吸附，结合，粘合；粘着，粘附，粘连adhesion factor粘着因子，粘附因子adhesion molecule粘着分子，粘附分子adhesion plaque粘着斑adhesion protein粘着蛋白，吸附蛋白adhesion receptor粘着受体adhesion zone粘着带[如见于细菌壁膜之间]adhesive粘合剂，胶粘剂adhesive glycoprotein粘着糖蛋白adipic acid己二酸，肥酸adipocyte脂肪细胞adipokinetic hormone脂动激素[见于昆虫] adipose tissue脂肪组织adjust[动]调剂，调整；修正adjustable可调的adjustable miropipettor可调微量移液管adjustable spanner活动扳手adjusted retention time调整保留时刻adjusted retention volume调整保留体积adjuvant佐剂adjuvant cytokine佐剂细胞因子adjuvant peptide佐剂肽adjuvanticity佐剂（活）性adoptive immunity过继免疫adoptive transfer过继转移ADP ribosylationADP核糖基化ADP ribosylation factorADP核糖基化因子ADP ribosyltransferaseADP核糖基转移酶adrenal cortical hormone肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenaline肾上腺素adrenergic receptor肾上腺素能受体adrenocepter肾上腺素受体adrenocorticotropic hormone促肾上腺皮质(激)素adrenodoxin肾上腺皮质铁氧还蛋白adriamycin阿霉素，亚德里亚霉素adsorbent吸附剂adsorption吸附adsorption catalysis吸附催化adsorption center吸附中心adsorption chromatography吸附层析adsorption film吸附膜adsorption isobar吸附等压线adsorption isotherm吸附等温线adsorption layer吸附层adsorption potential吸附电势adsorption precipitation吸附沉淀adsorption quantity吸附量adult diarrhea rotavirus成人腹泻轮状病毒advanced glycosylation高级糖基化advanced glycosylation end product高级糖基化终产物adventitious不定的，无定形的adverse effect反成效，副作用aecidiospore锈孢子，春孢子aeciospore锈孢子，春孢子aequorin水母蛋白，水母素aeration通气aerator加气仪，加气装置aerial mycelium气生菌丝体aerobe需氧菌[利用分子氧进行呼吸产能并维持正常生长繁衍的细菌] aerobic需氧的aerobic bacteria需氧（细）菌aerobic cultivation需氧培育aerobic glycolysis有氧酵解aerobic metabolism有氧代谢aerobic respiration需氧呼吸aerobic waste treatment需氧废物处置aerobiosis需氧生活aerogel气凝胶aerogen产气菌aerolysin气单胞菌溶素Aeromonas气单胞菌属aerosol气溶胶aerosol gene delivery气溶胶基因送递aerospray ionization气喷射离子化作用aerotaxis趋氧性[（细胞）随环境中氧浓度梯度进行定向运动] aerotolerant bacteria耐氧菌[不受氧迫害的厌氧菌] aerotropism向氧性aesculin七叶苷，七叶灵aetiology病原学afferent nerve传入神经affinity亲和，亲和性affinity adsorbent亲和吸附剂affinity chromatography亲和层析affinitycoelectrophoresis亲和共电泳[用于研究DNA结合蛋白] affinity column亲和柱affinity coupling亲和偶联affinity electronmicroscopy亲和电镜（术）[用亲和配体包被铜网]affinity extraction亲和提取，亲和萃取affinity filtration亲和过滤affinity labeling亲和标记affinity ligand亲和配体affinity maturation亲和力成熟[见于体液免疫系统的发育] affinity partitioning亲和分派affinity precipitation亲和沉淀affinity purification亲和纯化（法）affinity tag（附加）亲和标记物aflatoxin黄曲酶毒素agar琼脂agar diffusion test琼脂扩散实验agar gel琼脂胶agar plate琼脂平板agarslant琼脂斜面[固化时斜放的，装有固体培育基的一种试管培育基；也指斜面培育基上生长出的菌苔]agarase琼脂糖酶agarfitine伞菌氨酸agaricin蘑菇素agaricinic acid蘑菇酸agaropectin琼脂胶agarose琼脂糖agarose gel琼脂糖凝胶agarose gel electrophoresis琼脂糖凝胶电泳agarose plate琼脂糖平板age pigment老年色素agent剂；介质agglutination凝集（作用）agglutinin凝集素agglutinogen凝集原aggrecan聚集蛋白聚糖[来自软骨]aggregate聚集体；凝聚体aggregation聚集（作用）aggressin解决素[细菌分泌的一种有助于侵染宿主细胞的化学物质]aggressivity解决力aging衰老，老化，陈化agitation振荡，振摇，搅拌agitator振荡器，搅拌器aglycone苷元，糖苷配基agonist兴奋剂，兴奋剂，刺激物；竞争剂；拮抗剂agranulocyte无粒细胞agravitropism无向重力性agretope[抗原]限制位[抗原上识别并结合二类要紧组织相容性复合体的部位]agricultural alcohol农产品（制）酒精agricultural waste农业废物，农业垃圾agrin集聚蛋白，集聚素[由运动神经分泌并可诱导肌纤维的乙酰胆碱酯酶和乙酰胆碱受体发生聚集]agrobacteriocin农杆菌素，土壤杆菌素Agrobacterium农杆菌属，土壤杆菌属Agrobacterium rhizogenes毛根农杆菌，毛根土壤杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciems根癌农杆菌，根瘤土壤杆菌agrochemical农用化学品[如除草剂，杀虫剂等]agrocin农杆素[由某些农杆菌所产生并作用于另一些农杆菌的抗生素（不是蛋白质）] agrocinopine农杆糖酯[一种糖磷酸二酯]agroinfection农杆菌感染（法）agropine农杆氨酸，农杆碱[见于毛根]agropinic acid农杆鸟氨酸，鸟氨农杆碱[见于毛根]air bubble气泡air drying风干air filter空气滤器air monitering空气监测air peak空气峰，气泡峰air sterilization空气除菌airflow气流airflow meter气流计airflow moniter气流显示器，气流监控仪airlift bioreactor气升式生物反映器airlift fermentation气升式发酵airlift fermentor气升式发酵罐airlock气锁akaryote无核细胞akinetic chromosome无着丝粒染色体akinetic fragment无着丝粒断片akinetic inversion无着丝粒倒位alamethicin丙甲甘肽[来自绿色木酶的一种小肽，富含beta氨基异丁酸] alanine丙氨酸alanine aminotransferase丙氨酸转氨酶alarm警报器，按时钟albinism白化病albizziin合欢氨酸，脲基丙氨酸albumin白蛋白，清蛋白alcohol醇；乙醇alcohol dehydrogenase醇脱氢酶；乙醇脱氢酶alcoholic fermentation生醇发酵aldehyde醛；乙醛aldehyde dehydrogenase醛脱氢酶aldehyde oxidase醛氧化酶aldimine醛亚胺alditol糖醛aldol羟醛aldol condensation羟醛缩合aldolase醛缩酶aldonic acid醛糖酸aldose醛糖aldosterome醛固醇alduronic acid糖醛酸aleurome糊粉aleurome grain糊粉粒aleurome layer糊粉层alfalfa mosaic virus苜蓿花叶病毒alga藻类（单）algae藻类algicide杀藻剂algin藻胶alginate藻酸盐alginic acid藻酸algocyan藻蓝素algorithm算法，公式alicyclic amine脂肪胺alicyclic compound脂环化合物alicyclic hydrocarbon脂环烃alignment顺序；排列；[序列]对照alimentary canal消化管aliphatic脂肪族的aliphatic amine alkaloid脂（肪）族胺（类）生物碱aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物aliquot小份，等份，等分部份alizarin茜素alkali碱，强碱alkali metal碱金属alkaline碱的，强碱的alkaline amino acid碱性氨基酸alkaline denaturation碱变性法alkaline earth metal碱土金属alkaline gel electrophoresis碱性凝胶电泳alkaline hydrolysis碱水解（作用）alkaline lysis碱裂解（法）alkaline phosphatase碱性磷酸酶alkaline protein碱性蛋白质alkaline reserve碱储蓄[如血液中的碳酸氢钠]alkalization碱化alkaloid生物碱alkane烷alkene烯alkyl烷基alkylating agent烷化剂alkylation烷（基）化alkyne炔all or none全或无all or nothing全或无all transconfiguration全反构型allantoic acid尿囊酸allantoin尿囊素allatostatin咽侧体抑制素[抑制保幼激素的分泌]allatotropin促咽侧体素[增进保幼激素的分泌]allele等位基因allele linkage analysis等位基因连锁反映allelic complement等位（基因）互补allelic diversity等位（基因）多样化allelicexclusion等位（基因）排斥[一个杂合子表现其任一异型性状的现象，有时特指成熟的B细胞只产生一种抗体而其等位结构不表达]allelic inactivation等位（基因）失活allelic inclusion等位（基因）相容allelic replacement等位（基因）置换allelic variation等位（基因）变异allelism等位性allelomorph等位基因allelomorphism等位性allelopathic substance异柱克生物质，异种克生物质allelopathy异柱克生（现象），异种克生（现象）allergen变应原allergic变应性的allergic disease变应性疾病allergy变态反映alloantibody同种抗体alloantigen同种抗原allodiploid异源二倍体allodiploidy异源二倍性allodiplomonosome异源二倍单体allogenic antigen同种异型抗原，同种异体抗原allograft同种异体移植allograft rejection同种异体移植排斥allogroup同种异型组allohaploid异源单倍体alloheteroploid异源异倍体allophycocyanin别藻蓝蛋白，别藻蓝素alloploid异源倍体alloploidy异源倍性allopolyhaploid异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid异源多倍体allopurinol别嘌呤醇allopurinol nucleotide别嘌呤醇核苷酸alloreactivity同种异体反映性allorecognition同种（异体）识别allose阿洛糖allosome异染色体allosteric activation别构激活，别构活化allosteric activator别构激活剂，别构活化剂allosteric control别构调剂allosteric effect别构效应allosteric effector别构剂allosteric enzyme别构酶allosteric inbibition别构抑制allosteric inbibitor别构抑制剂allosteric interaction别构作用allosteric ligand别构配体allosteric protein别构蛋白allosteric regulation别构调剂allosteric site别构部位allosterictransition别构转换[由别构剂所引发的蛋白质构象转变] allosterism别构，变构allostery别构性allosynapsis异源联会allotope同种异型位allotrope同素异形体allotrtraploid异源四倍体allotype同种异型allotypic antigen同种异型抗原allotypic determinant同种异型决定簇allotypic marker同种异型标记allotypy同种异型性alloxan四氧嘧啶allozyme同种异型酶allyl烯丙基allyl resin烯丙基树脂allysine醛（基）赖氨酸alphavirus甲病毒属[属于披膜病毒科]alternate segregation相间分离alternating copolymer交替共聚物alternating copolymerization交替共聚合alternation of generations世代交替alternative另一种的，交替的，备择的alternative complement pathway补体旁路alternative pathway of complement补体旁路（途径）alternative polyadenylation可变聚腺苷酸化alternative RNA processing可变RNA加工alternative RNA splicing可变RNA剪接，旁路RNA剪接alternative splicing可变剪接，旁路剪接alternative splicing factor可变剪接因子alternative transcription可变转录alternative transcription initiation可变转录起始alternatively spliced mRNA可变剪接的mRNAaltrose阿卓糖Alu familyAlu家族alum矾，明矾aluminia氧化铝，矾土alveolar gas exchange肺泡气体互换alveolar surfactant肺泡表面活性物质alytensin产婆蟾（紧张）肽Alzheimer disease阿尔茨海默病，老年性痴呆amaerobic厌氧的amalgam汞齐amalgam electrode汞齐电极amanin鹅膏素amanitine鹅膏毒环肽amantadine金刚胺amanullin鹅膏无毒环肽amaryllidaceae alkaloid石蒜科生物碱amastatin氨肽酶抑制剂，抑氨肽酶肽amatoxin鹅膏毒素amber codon琥珀密码子[即UAA终止密码子]amber mutant琥珀突变体，琥珀突变型amber mutation琥珀突变amber suppression琥珀抑制ambersuppressor琥珀（突变）抑制基因，琥珀（突变）抑制因子Amberliteresin[商]Amberlite树脂，琥石树脂[Rohm&Haas公司离子互换树脂的商品名] ambident两可的ambident ion两可离子ambient周围的ambient temperature环境温度，室温ambiguous codon多义密码子ambisense双义ambisense genome双义基因组ambisenseRNA双义RNA[同时编码蛋白质的病毒正链与负链RNA]amboceper双纳体[既有绵羊红细胞结合位点又有补体结合位点的抗体] ambutyrosin氨丁苷菌素amensalism偏害共栖American Type Culture Collection美国模式培育物保藏所amerol杀草强，氨基三唑Ames test埃姆斯实验amethopterin氨甲蝶呤amicetin友菌素amicillin resistance氨苄青霉素抗性amidase酰胺酶amidated peptide酰胺（化）肽amide酰胺amidine脒amidoblack酰胺黑[可用于蛋白质SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的染色]amido bond酰胺键amido link酰胺键amido linkage酰胺键amidomycin胺霉素amidotrizoate3,5-双乙酰氨基-2,4,6-三碘苯甲酸盐amiloride氨氯吡嗪脒[利尿药]amination氨基化amine胺amine bormones胺类激素amine precursor uptake and decarboxylationsystem胺前体摄取（和）脱羧系统，APUD系统[可提取胺前体并进行脱羧而产生肽类或活性胺的细胞系统]amine transporter胺转运蛋白Aminexresin[商]Aminex树脂[Bio-Rad公司离子互换树脂的商品名，一类HPLC级球形介质，是带功能基的苯乙烯—二乙烯苯共聚物]amino氨基amino acid arm氨基酸臂[位于tRNA上]amino acid frequency氨基酸（利用）频率amino acid preference氨基酸偏爱性amino acid residue氨基酸残基amino acid residue contact氨基酸残基接触（面）amino acid transport氨基酸转运amino acid transporter氨基酸转运蛋白amino acid usage氨基酸利用amino alkyl indole氨烷基吲哚amino alkyl phosphoramidite氨烷基亚磷酰胺amino nigrogen氨基氮aminoacyl氨酰基aminoacyl esterase氨酰酯酶aminoacyl phosphatidylglycerol氨酰磷脂酰甘油aminoacyl site氨酰基位aminoacyl tRNA氨酰tRNAaminoacylation氨酰化aminobenzoic acid氨基苯甲酸aminocephalosporinic acid氨基头孢菌酸aminoethyl氨乙基aminoethyl mercaptan氨乙基硫醇，巯基乙胺aminoglucose氨基葡糖aminoglycoside antibiotics氨基糖苷（类）抗生素aminoglycoside phosphotransferase氨基糖苷磷酸转移酶aminoguanidine氨基胍aminolink氨基连接臂[例如附于合成寡核苷酸的5'端，便于与其他配体偶联] aminolysis氨解aminomycin氨基霉素，缬氨霉素aminooimidazole氨基咪唑aminopenicillanic acid氨基青酶烷酸aminopeptidase氨肽酶aminophylline氨茶碱aminopterin氨基蝶呤aminopurine氨基嘌呤aminotransferase氨基转移酶，转氨酶aminotriazole氨基三唑，杀草强amiodarone乙胺碘呋酮amitosis无丝割裂amixis无融合ammonia氨ammonification氨化（作用）ammonio铵基ammonium铵ammonium acetate乙酸铵ammonium hydroxide氢氧化铵，氨水ammonium persulfate过硫酸氨ammonium sulfate硫酸铵ammonium sulfate fractionation硫酸铵分级分离ammonium sulfate precipitation硫酸铵沉淀ammonotelism排氨型代谢amniocentesis羊膜穿刺（术）amnion羊膜amniota羊膜动物amoeba变形虫，阿米巴amoeboid movement变形运动amorphous material无定形物，非晶态amphi position远位amphiastral mitosis双星有丝割裂amphibia两栖纲amphibivalent双二价体amphibolicpathway两用代谢途径[即可用于代谢物分解又可用于合成] amphidiploid双二倍体amphidiploidy双二倍性amphigenesis两性生殖amphiglycan双栖蛋白聚糖[同时见于上皮及成纤维细胞] amphihaploidy双倍体amphimixix两性融合amphion两性离子amphipathic两亲的amphipathicity两亲性amphipathy两亲性amphiphilic两亲的amphiphilicity两亲性[一个分子中一部份亲水，另一部份疏水]amphipolyploid双多倍体amphipolyploidy双多倍性amphiprotic两性的amphiregulin双调蛋白[与EGF家族同源的一种双功能生长调剂蛋白]amphitrophy兼性营养amphivalency异配现象[用于配位化学]ampholine[商]两性电解质Ampholine[Pharmacia公司商品，可用于等电聚焦]ampholyte两性物，两性电解质ampholytoid两性胶体amphoteric character兼性性质amphotericcharacteristics兼性性质[兼有酸碱性或正负电贺]amphoteric colloid兼性胶体amphoteric emulsifier兼性乳化剂，两性乳化剂amphoteric ion兼性离子amphotericin两性霉素amphoterics兼性表面活性剂amphotropicretrovirus兼嗜性逆转录病毒，双嗜性逆转录病毒[既能在宿主细胞又能在异种细胞上引发产毒性感染]ampicillin氨苄青霉素amplicon扩增子amplification扩增amplimer扩增引物ampoule安瓿瓶amycin阿霉素amygdalin扁桃苷，苦杏仁苷amylase淀粉酶[包括糖化酶和麦芽糖化酶]amylin糊精amyloprocess阿明露法，淀粉发酵法，霉菌糖化法[由根酶及酵母菌同时生长糖化，发酵生产酒精] amylodextrin极限糊精amyloglucosidase淀粉葡糖苷酶amyloid protein precursor淀粉样蛋白前体amyloid ring淀粉质环amylolytic activity淀粉分解活性amylopectin支链淀粉amyloplast造粉（质）体amyloplastid造粉粒amylose直链淀粉anabolism合成代谢anaerobe厌氧菌[缺乏超氧化物岐化酶，须在无氧或低氧化还原电势的条件下才能正常生长繁衍的微生物]anaerobic bacteria厌氧细菌anaerobic chamber厌氧培育室anaerobic contact digestor厌氧接触（型）消化器anaerobic cultivation厌氧培育anaerobic digestion厌氧消化anaerobic fermentation厌氧发酵anaerobic filter system厌氧过滤系统anaerobic membrane bioreactor厌氧膜生物反映器anaerobiosis厌氧生活，无氧生活anaerogen不产气菌anaeroic digestor厌氧消化器analgesic止痛药analgesis镇痛analog类似物analogous类似的，模拟的analogous organ同功器官analogousprotein类似蛋白质[有时特指由趋同进化而产生的相似蛋白] analogue类似物analogy模拟，类似analogy model模拟模型analyte分析物analytical分析的analytical chromatography分析型层析analytical column分析柱analytical reagent分析纯试剂anaphase[细胞割裂]后期anaphylactic过敏性的anaphylactic reaction过敏反映anaphylatoxin过敏毒素anaphylaxis过敏性，过敏（反映）anaplerotic reaction添补反映anastral mitosis无星有丝割裂ancestor先人，始祖ancestry先人，始祖anchimeric assistance邻助作用anchor锚anchor catalyst锚定催化剂anchor primer锚定引物anchorage固着，锚定anchored PCR锚式聚合酶链（式）反映，锚式PCR anchorin锚定蛋白anchoring锚着，锚定ancovenin血管紧张肽转化酶抑制肽androcyte雄（母）细胞androecium雄蕊群androgamete雄配子androgen雄激素androgen binding protein雄激素结合蛋白androgenesis孤雄发育，单雄生殖，雄核发育androgenetic parthenogenesis产雄孤雌生殖androgonium雄原细胞androgynism雌雄同柱，雌雄同体andromedotoxin梫木毒素andrometoxin雄核卵块发育androplasm雄质androsome限雄染色体androspore产雄孢子；小孢子androsterone雄酮anemia贫血anemoentomophily风虫媒anemophilous flower风媒花anemophilous plant风媒植物anemophilous pollination风媒传粉anemophily风媒anergy无反映性[用于细胞免疫学]anesthesia麻醉aneucentric chromosome非单着丝粒染色体aneuhaploid非整倍单倍体aneuhaploidy非整倍单倍性aneuploid非整倍性aneuploid cell line非整倍体细胞系aneuploidy非整倍性angiogenesis factor血管生成因子angiogenin血管生成素angioplasty血管成形术[可用于基因转移] angiosperm被子植物angiotensin血管紧张肽angiotensinase血管紧张肽酶angiotensinogen血管紧张肽原angle rotor角转头angstrom埃anguidin蛇形毒素angular methyl角甲基anhydrase脱水酶anhydride酸酐anhydrous无水的anhydrous acetonitrile无水乙腈aniline苯胺aniline blue苯胺蓝animal cell line动物细胞系anion阴离子anion base阴离子碱anion channel阴离子通道anion respiration阴离子呼吸anionic acid阴离子酸anionic detergent阴离子（型）去污剂anisodamine山莨菪anisodine樟柳碱anisogamete异型配子anisogamy异配生殖anisol苯甲醚anisomorphic DNA异形DNAanisomycin茴香霉素anisopolyploid奇（数）多倍体anisospore异形孢子anisotropic各向异性的anisotropic membrane各向异性膜anisotropy各向异性[物理参数随方向的转变而转变]anitbacterial immunization抗（细）菌免疫ankyrin锚蛋白ankyrin repeat锚蛋白重复序列anlage原基annealing退火Annelita环节动物门annexin膜联蛋白[一类被钙离子活化后可与膜磷脂结合的蛋白，参与膜转运及膜表面其他一系列依托于钙调蛋白的活动，分为IIIIII等多种。

生物类中英文术语对照

生物类中英文术语对照生物类中英文术语对照生物学是研究生命的科学领域，涉及到许多专业术语。

以下是一些常见的生物类中英文术语对照：1.细胞 - Cell2.细胞膜 - Cell membrane3.细胞核 - Cell nucleus4.细胞质 - Cytoplasm5.基因 - Gene6.DNA - DNA7.RNA - RNA8.蛋白质 - Protein9.酶 - Enzyme10.组织 - Tissue11.器官 - Organ12.系统 - System13.呼吸系统 - Respiratory system14.消化系统 - Digestive system15.循环系统 - Circulatory system16.神经系统 - Nervous system17.免疫系统 - Immune system18.感觉器官 - Sense organs19.植物 - Plant20.动物 - Animal21.真核生物 - Eukaryote22.原核生物 - Prokaryote23.进化 - Evolution24.自然选择 - Natural selection25.种群 - Population26.种 - Species27.物种多样性 - Biodiversity28.生态系统 - Ecosystem29.食物链 - Food chain30.生态位 - Ecological niche31.水生生物 - Aquatic organisms32.陆生生物 - Terrestrial organisms33.哺乳动物 - Mammal34.鸟类 - Bird35.爬行动物 - Reptile36.鱼类 - Fish37.節肢動物 - Arthropod38.昆虫 - Insect39.线虫 - Nematode40.软体动物 - Mollusk41.硬壳动物 - Crustacean42.植物分类 - Plant taxonomy43.界 - Kingdom44.门 - Phylum45.纲 - Class46.目 - Order47.科 - Family48.属 - Genus49.种 - Species50.进化论 - Theory of evolution51.遗传学 - Genetics52.基因组 - Genome53.遗传变异 - Genetic variation54.基因突变 - Gene mutation55.基因表达 - Gene expression56.遗传工程 - Genetic engineering57.克隆 - Cloning58.基因编辑 - Gene editing59.生物技术 - Biotechnology60.生物多样性保护 - Conservation of biodiversity61.细胞分裂 - Cell division62.有丝分裂 - Mitosis63.减数分裂 - Meiosis64.受精 - Fertilization65.胚胎 - Embryo66.胚胎发育 - Embryonic development67.遗传 - Heredity68.基因型 - Genotype69.表现型 - Phenotype70.遗传显性 - Dominant inheritance71.遗传隐性 - Recessive inheritance72.基因型比例 - Genotypic ratio73.表现型比例 - Phenotypic ratio74.自交 - Self-fertilization75.杂交 - Cross-fertilization76.光合作用 - Photosynthesis77.呼吸作用 - Respiration78.发酵 - Fermentation79.光合细菌 - Photosynthetic bacteria80.蓝藻 - Cyanobacteria81.植物生长 - Plant growth82.营养 - Nutrition83.吸收 - Absorption84.植物激素 - Plant hormones85.光周期 - Photoperiodism86.花期 - Flowering period87.叶绿素 - Chlorophyll88.光合作用速率 - Rate of photosynthesis89.光合产物 - Photosynthetic products90.光合产氧 - Oxygen production in photosynthesis91.繁殖 - Reproduction92.雄性 - Male93.雌性 - Female94.配子 - Gamete95.授粉 - Pollination96.传粉 - Pollination by animals97.结实 - Fruiting98.种子 - Seed99.胚 - Embryo100.发芽 - Germination这只是一小部分生物类中英文术语的对照，生物学领域的术语非常广泛。

生物医学工程专业英语

生物医学工程专业英语English:Biomedical engineering is a multidisciplinary field that applies principles and techniques of engineering to solve problems in biology and medicine. It involves the design and development of medical devices, diagnostic equipment, prosthetics, pharmaceuticals, and other healthcare technologies. Biomedical engineers work at the intersection of engineering, biology, and healthcare to improve the quality of patient care, enhance the efficiency of medical procedures, and advance medical research. They collaborate with healthcare professionals, scientists, and industry experts to innovate new solutions for diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases and injuries. Biomedical engineering encompasses various subfields such as biomaterials, biomechanics, bioinformatics, medical imaging, tissue engineering, and rehabilitation engineering. This diverse range of specialties allows biomedical engineers to address a wide array of health-related challenges, from creating artificial organs to developing advanced medical imaging techniques. The field also plays a crucial role in addressing global health issues by designing affordable and accessible healthcare technologies for underservedpopulations. Overall, biomedical engineering is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field that combines cutting-edge technology with a deep understanding of biological systems to improve human health and well-being.中文翻译:生物医学工程是一个跨学科领域，应用工程学原理和技术解决生物学和医学中的问题。

生物课程中英文对照

生物课程中英文对照(总2页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--生物课程中英文对照现代激光医学 Modern Laser Medicine生物医学光子学 Biomedicine Photonics生物医学信号处理技术 Signal Processing for Biology and Medicine自然智能与人工智能 Natural Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence人工神经网络及应用 Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications环境生物学 Environmental Biology水环境生态学模型 Models of Water Quality环境生物技术 Environmental Biotechnology水域生态学 Aquatic Ecology环境工程 Environmental Engineering环境科学研究方法 Study Methodology of Environmental Science藻类生理生态学 Ecological Physiology in Algae 水生动物生理生态学 Physiological Ecology of Aquatic Animal废水处理与回用 Sewage Disposal and Re-use 生物医学材料学及实验 Biomaterials and Experiments现代测试分析 Modern Testing Technology and Methods生物材料结构与性能 Structures and Properties of Biomaterials医学信息学 Medical Informatics组织工程学 Tissue Engineering生物医学工程概论 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering高等生物化学 Advanced Biochemistry药物化学 Pharmaceutical Chemistry功能高分子 Functional Polymer高分子化学与物理 Polymeric Chemistry and Physics医学电子学 Medical Electronics现代仪器分析 Modern Instrumental Analysis 仪器分析实验 Instrumental Analysis Experiment食品添加剂 Food Additives Technology高级食品化学 Advanced Food Chemistry食品酶学 Food Enzymology波谱学 Spectroscopy食品贮运与包装 Food Packaging液晶化学 Liquid Crystal Chemistry高等有机化学 Advanced Organic Chemistry功能性食品 Function Foods食品营养与卫生学 Food Nutrition and Hygiene 食品生物技术 Food Biotechnology 食品研究与开发 Food Research and Development有机合成化学 Synthetic Organic Chemistry 食品分离技术 Food Separation Technique精细化工装备 Refinery Chemical Equipment 食品包装原理 Principle of Food Packaging表面活性剂化学及应用 Chemistry and Application of Surfactant天然产物研究与开发 Research and Development of Natural Products食品工艺学 Food Technology食品分析 Food Analysis食品机械与设备 Food Machinery and Equipment高等无机化学 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 量子化学(含群论) QuantumChemistry(including Group Theory)高等分析化学 Advanced Analytical Chemistry 高等有机化学 Advanced Organic Chemistry 激光化学 Laser Chemistry激光光谱 Laser Spectroscopy稀土化学 Rare Earth Chemistry材料化学 Material Chemistry生物无机化学导论 Bioinorganic Chemistry配位化学 Coordination Chemistry膜模拟化学 Membrane Mimetic Chemistry晶体工程基础 Crystal Engineering催化原理 Principles of Catalysis绿色化学 Green Chemistry现代有机合成 Modern Organic Synthesis无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry物理化学 Physics Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry现代仪器分析 Modern Instrumental Analysis 现代波谱学 Modern Spectroscopy化学计量学 Chemomtrics现代食品分析 Modern Methods of Food Analysis天然产物化学 Natural Product Chemistry天然药物化学 Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry现代环境分析与监测 Analysis and Monitoring of Environment Pollution现代科学前沿选论 Literature on Frontiers of Modern Science and Technology计算机在分析化学的应用 Computer Application in Analytical Chemistry现代仪器分析技术 Modern Instrument Analytical Technique分离科学 Separation Science高等环境微生物 Advanced Environmental Microorganism海洋资源利用与开发 Utilization & Development of Ocean Resources保健食品监督评价 Evaluation and Supervision on Health Food s生物电化学 Bioelectrochemistry现代技术与中药 Modern Technology and Traditional Chinese Medicine高等有机化学 Advanced Organic Chemistry 废水处理工程 Technology of Wastewater Treatment生物与化学传感技术 Biosensors & Chemical Sensors现代分析化学研究方法 Research Methods of Modern Analytical Chemistry神经生物学 Neurobiology动物遗传工程 Animal Genetic Engineering动物免疫学 Animal Immunology动物病害学基础 Basis of Animal Disease受体生物化学 Receptor Biochemistry动物生理与分子生物学 Animal Physiology and Molecular Biochemistry分析生物化学 Analytical Biochemistry学科前沿讲座 Lectures on Frontiers of the Discipline微生物学 Microbiology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生理学 Physiology电生理技术基础 Basics of Electricphysiological Technology生物化学 Biochemistry高级水生生物学 Advanced Aquatic Biology藻类生理生态学 Ecological Physiology in Algae 水生动物生理生态学 Physiological Ecology of Aquatic Animal水域生态学 Aquatic Ecology水生态毒理学 Aquatic Ecotoxicology水生生物学研究进展 Advance on Aquatic Biology水环境生态学模型 Models of Water Quality 藻类生态学 Ecology in Algae生物数学 Biological Mathematics植物生理生化 Plant Biochemistry水质分析方法 Water Quality Analysis水产养殖学 Aquaculture环境生物学 Environmental Biology专业文献综述 Review on Special Information 植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology普通生态学 General Ecology 生物统计学 Biological Statistics分子遗传学 Molecular Genetics基因工程原理 Principles of Gene Engineering 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生物学英语中英对照

生物学英语中英对照1. 遗传学 Genetics基因 Gene染色体 Chromosome遗传变异 Genetic variation2. 细胞生物学 Cell Biology细胞 Cell细胞核 Nucleus细胞膜 Cell membrane3. 生态学 Ecology生态系统 Ecosystem生物多样性 Biodiversity生物群落 Biome4. 分子生物学 Molecular Biology蛋白质 Protein核酸 Nucleic acid酶 Enzyme5. 发育生物学 Developmental Biology胚胎发育 Embryonic development细胞分化 Cell differentiation形态发生 Morphogenesis6. 植物学 Botany叶绿体 Chloroplast光合作用 Photosynthesis根系 Root system7. 动物学 Zoology器官 Organ组织 Tissue神经系统 Nervous system8. 微生物学 Microbiology细菌 Bacteria病毒 Virus真菌 Fungus9. 生物化学 Biochemistry代谢 MetabolismATP（三磷酸腺苷） ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)酶促反应 Enzymatic reaction10. 生理学 Physiology心脏 Heart肺 Lung肝脏 Liver生物学英语中英对照（续）11. 进化生物学 Evolutionary Biology自然选择 Natural selection物种形成 Speciation进化树 Evolutionary tree12. 行为生物学 Behavioral Biology繁殖行为 Reproductive behavior领域行为 Territorial behavior社会行为 Social behavior13. 神经生物学 Neurobiology神经元 Neuron突触 Synapse神经递质 Neurotransmitter14. 免疫学 Immunology抗体 Antibody免疫系统 Immune system炎症 Inflammation15. 营养学 Nutrition蛋白质 Protein碳水化合物 Carbohydrate脂肪 Fat16. 遗传工程 Genetic Engineering基因克隆 Gene cloning基因编辑 Gene editing转基因技术 Genetic modification 17. 生态遗传学 Ecological Genetics种群 Population环境适应性 Environmental adaptation遗传漂变 Genetic drift18. 生物信息学 Bioinformatics基因组学 Genomics蛋白质组学 Proteomics生物数据挖掘 Bioinformatics data mining19. 生物统计学 Biostatistics实验设计 Experimental design数据分析 Data analysis显著性检验 Significance test20. 环境生物学 Environmental Biology环境污染 Environmental pollution生态修复 Ecological restoration生物降解 Biodegradation这份生物学英语中英对照文档旨在帮助您更全面地了解生物学领域的专业术语。

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Lesson One（4学时）Inside the Living Cell: Structure andFunction of Internal Cell PartsCytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。

细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。

细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。

细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。

The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。

细胞核含有一或二个核仁，核仁促进细胞分裂。

核膜贯穿许多小孔，小分子可以自由通过核膜，而象mRNA和核糖体等大分子必须通过核孔运输。

Organelles: Specialized Work Units（细胞器：特殊的功能单位）All eukaryotic cells contain most of the various kinds of organelles, and each organelle performs a specialized function in the cell. Organelles described in this section include ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi complex, vacuoles, lysosomes, mitochondria, and the plastids of plant cells.所有的真核细胞都含有多种细胞器，每个细胞器都有其特定功能。

本节主要介绍核糖体，内质网，高尔基体系，液泡，溶酶体，线粒体和植物细胞中的质体。

完整的核糖体由大亚基和小亚基组成。

核糖体沿着mRNA移动并阅读遗传密码，翻译成蛋白质。

一条mRNA上可能有多个核糖体，称多聚核糖体。

大多数细胞蛋白是由细胞质中核糖体生产。

输出蛋白和膜蛋白通常与内质网有关。

The endoplasmic reticulum, a lacy array of membranous sacs, tubules, and vesicles, may be either rough (RER) or smooth (SER). Both types play roles in the synthesis and transport of proteins. The RER, which is studded with polysomes, also seems to be the source of the nuclear envelope after a cell divides.内质网，带有花边的生物囊，有管状，泡状之分，以及光滑和粗糙面区别。

两种都与蛋白质的合成和运输有关。

粗糙内质网上分布许多核糖体，也可能提供细胞分裂后所需的细胞膜。

SER lacks polysomes; it is active in the synthesis of fats and steroids and in the oxidation of toxic substances in the cell. Both types of endoplasmic reticulum serve as compartments within the cell where specific products can be isolated and subsequently shunted to particular areas in or outside the cell.光滑内质网上无核糖体，主要作用是脂肪和类固醇的合成以及细胞内有毒物质的氧化。

两种内质网合成的产物在其中进行分流或运输到细胞外。

Transport vesicles may carry exportable molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum to another membranous organelle, the Golgi complex. Within the Golgi complex molecules are modified and packaged for export out of the cell or for delivery else where in the cytoplasm.运输小泡能够将可运输分子从内质网运输到高尔基复合体上。

在高尔基复合体中修饰，包装后输出细胞或传递到细胞质中的其他场所。

Vacuoles in cells appear to be hollow sacs but are actually filled with fluid and soluble molecules. The most prominent vacuoles appear in plant cells and serve as water reservoirs and storage sites for sugars and other molecules. Vacuoles in animal cells carry out phagocytosis (the intake of particulate matter) and pinocytosis (vacuolar drinking).细胞中的液泡好象是中空的，但实际上充满了液体和可溶分子。

最典型的液泡存在于植物细胞中，储备水，糖以及其它分子。

动物中的液泡起吞噬和胞饮作用。

A subset of vacuoles are the organelles known as lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes (packaged in lysosomes in the Golgi complex) that can break down most biological macromolecules. They act to digest food particles and to degrade damaged cell parts.溶酶体是液泡亚单位，含有消化酶，降解大部分生物大分子。