公司理财第六版中文答案

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【公司理财】罗斯,中文第六版课后习题详细解答05

【公司理财】罗斯,中文第六版课后习题详细解答05

第三部分未来现金流量估价第5章估价导论:货币的时间价值财务管理中最重要的问题之一是:未来将收到的现金流量,它在今天的价值是多少?答案取决于货币的时间价值,这也是该章的主题。

第6章贴现现金流量估价本章拓展第5章的基本结论,讨论多期现金流量的估价。

我们考虑了许多相关的问题,包括贷款估价、贷款偿付额的计算以及报酬率的决定。

第7章利率债券是一种非常重要的金融工具。

该章示范如何利用第6章的估价技术来决定债券的价格,我们讲述债券的基本特点,以及财经报章如何报道债券的价格。

我们还将考察利率对债券价格的影响。

第8章股票估价第三部分的最后一章考察股票价格的确定,讨论普通股和优先股的重要特点,例如股东的权利,该章还考察了股票价格的报价。

第5 章估价导论:货币的时间价值◆本章复习与自测题5.1 计算终值假定今天你在一个利率为6%的账户存了10 000美元。

5年后,你将有多少钱?5.2 计算现值假定你刚庆祝完19岁生日。

你富有的叔叔为你设立了一项基金,将在你30岁时付给你150 000美元。

如果贴现率是9%,那么今天这个基金的价值是多少?5.3 计算报酬率某项投资可以使你的钱在10年后翻一番。

这项投资的报酬率是多少?利用72法则来检验你的答案是否正确。

5.4 计算期数某项投资将每年付给你9%的报酬。

如果你现在投资15 000美元,多长时间以后你就会有30 000美元?多长时间以后你就会有45 000美元?◆本章复习与自测题解答5.1 我们需要计算在6%的利率下,10 000美元在5年后的终值。

终值系数为:1.065= 1.3382终值为:10 000美元×1.3382 = 13 382.26美元。

5.2 我们要算出在9%的利率下,11年后支付的150 000美元的现值。

贴现系数为:1/(1.09)11= 1/2.5804 = 0.3875这样,现值大约是58 130美元。

5.3 假定你现在投资1 000美元,10年后,你将拥有2 000美元。

《公司理财》课后习题答案

《公司理财》课后习题答案

《公司理财》考试范围:第3~7章,第13章,第16~19章,其中第16章和18章为较重点章节。

书上例题比较重要,大家记得多多动手练练。

PS:书中课后例题不出,大家可以当习题练练~考试题型:1.单选题10分 2.判断题10分 3.证明题10分 4.计算分析题60分 5.论述题10分注:第13章没有答案第一章1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。

股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。

企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。

管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。

在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。

2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。

非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。

3.这句话是不正确的。

管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值,当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。

4.有两种结论。

一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。

因此所有目标都有一个最优水平,包括避免不道德或非法的行为,股票价值最大化。

另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。

一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。

然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。

请问公司应该怎么做呢?”5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。

6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。

如果管理层认为能提高公司利润,使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。

如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。

然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。

《公司理财》课后习题与答案

《公司理财》课后习题与答案

《公司理财》考试范围:第3~7章,第13章,第16~19章,其中第16章和18章为较重点章节。

书上例题比较重要,大家记得多多动手练练。

PS:书中课后例题不出,大家可以当习题练练~考试题型:1.单选题10分 2.判断题10分 3.证明题10分 4.计算分析题60分 5.论述题10分注:第13章没有答案第一章1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。

股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。

企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。

管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。

在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。

2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。

非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。

3.这句话是不正确的。

管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值,当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。

4.有两种结论。

一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。

因此所有目标都有一个最优水平,包括避免不道德或非法的行为,股票价值最大化。

另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。

一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。

然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。

请问公司应该怎么做呢”5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。

6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。

如果管理层认为能提高公司利润,使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。

如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。

然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。

《公司理财》教材习题答案

《公司理财》教材习题答案

第一章现代公司制度一、名词解释:1.合伙制企业:合伙企业是依法设立,由各合伙人订立合伙协议,共同出资,合伙经营,共享收益,共担风险,并对合伙企业债务承担无限连带责任的营利组织。

合伙制企业分为两大类:一般合伙制和有限合伙制。

在一般合伙制企业中,所有合伙人共同提供一定比例的工作和资金,并且分享相应的利润或亏损,每一个合伙人承担合伙制企业中的相应债务。

具体的合作模式由合伙人的协议来规定。

在一般合伙制当中,所有合伙人都承担债务的无限责任。

有限合伙制允许某些合伙人的责任仅限于其在合伙制企业的出资额。

在有限合伙制下,通常要求至少有一人为一般合伙人,并且有限合伙人不参与企业管理。

国外很多基金管理公司是以有限合伙的形式存在的。

合伙企业特点:①有两个以上所有者(出资者)。

②合伙人对企业债务承担连带无限责任。

③合伙人通常按照他们对合伙企业的出资比例分享利润或分担亏损。

④合伙企业本身一般不交纳企业所得税。

其收益直接分配给合伙人。

石油、天然气勘探和房地产开发企业通常按合伙企业组织形式组建。

合伙企业的价值是合伙人转让其出资可以得到的现金。

合伙企业优点:创建容易,成本较低。

合伙企业缺点:与个体企业类似,筹资难,无限债务,有限寿命,难转移所有权。

2.公司制企业:公司是依据一国公司法组建的、具有法人地位的、以盈利为目的的企业组织形式。

公司制具有两个主要特点。

第一,公司就是法人。

公司是一个法人团体,具有法人地位,具有与自然人相同的民事行为能力。

这是现代公司制的根本特点。

公司是由出资者(股东)入股组成的法人团体,没有意识和意志,由所有者、董事会和高级执行者经理组成的组织机构,在其法人财产基础上营运。

所有者将自己的资产交由公司董事会托管;公司董事会是公司的最高决策机构,拥有对高级经理人员的聘用、奖惩以及解雇权,高级经理人员受雇于董事会,组成在董事会领导下的执行机构,在董事会的授权范围内经营企业。

第二,公司对自己的行为负有限责任。

公司是以责任形式设立的,容纳各方面授资者的投资。

《公司理财》课后习题答案

《公司理财》课后习题答案

《公司理财》考试范围:第3~7章,第13章,第16~19章,其中第16章和18章为较重点章节。

书上例题比较重要,大家记得多多动手练练。

PS:书中课后例题不出,大家可以当习题练练~考试题型:1.单选题10分 2.判断题10分 3.证明题10分 4.计算分析题60分 5.论述题10分注:第13章没有答案第一章1.在所有权形式的公司中,股东是公司的所有者。

股东选举公司的董事会,董事会任命该公司的管理层。

企业的所有权和控制权分离的组织形式是导致的代理关系存在的主要原因。

管理者可能追求自身或别人的利益最大化,而不是股东的利益最大化。

在这种环境下,他们可能因为目标不一致而存在代理问题。

2.非营利公司经常追求社会或政治任务等各种目标。

非营利公司财务管理的目标是获取并有效使用资金以最大限度地实现组织的社会使命。

3.这句话是不正确的。

管理者实施财务管理的目标就是最大化现有股票的每股价值,当前的股票价值反映了短期和长期的风险、时间以及未来现金流量。

4.有两种结论。

一种极端,在市场经济中所有的东西都被定价。

因此所有目标都有一个最优水平,包括避免不道德或非法的行为,股票价值最大化。

另一种极端,我们可以认为这是非经济现象,最好的处理方式是通过政治手段。

一个经典的思考问题给出了这种争论的答案:公司估计提高某种产品安全性的成本是30美元万。

然而,该公司认为提高产品的安全性只会节省20美元万。

请问公司应该怎么做呢?”5.财务管理的目标都是相同的,但实现目标的最好方式可能是不同的,因为不同的国家有不同的社会、政治环境和经济制度。

6.管理层的目标是最大化股东现有股票的每股价值。

如果管理层认为能提高公司利润,使股价超过35美元,那么他们应该展开对恶意收购的斗争。

如果管理层认为该投标人或其它未知的投标人将支付超过每股35美元的价格收购公司,那么他们也应该展开斗争。

然而,如果管理层不能增加企业的价值,并且没有其他更高的投标价格,那么管理层不是在为股东的最大化权益行事。

罗斯公司理财第六版习题答案第5章

罗斯公司理财第六版习题答案第5章

Concept Questions◆Define pure discount bonds, level-coupon bonds, and consols.A pure discount bond is one that makes no intervening interest payments. One receives a single lump sum payment at maturity. A level-coupon bond is a combination of an annuity and a lump sum at maturity. A consol is a bond that makes interest payments forever.◆Contrast the state interest rate and the effective annual interest rate for bonds paying semi-annual interest. Effective annual interest rate on a bond takes into account two periods of compounding per year received on the coupon payments. The state rate does not take this into account.◆What is the relationship between interest rates and bond prices?There is an inverse relationship. When one goes up, the other goes down.◆How does one calculate the yield to maturity on a bond?One finds the discount rate that equates the promised future cash flows with the price of the bond.◆What are the three factors determining a firm's P/E ratio?Today's expectations of future growth opportunities.The discount rate.The accounting method.◆What is the closing price of General Data?The closing price of General Data is 6 3/16.◆What is the PE of General House?The PE of General House is 29.◆What is the annual dividend of General Host?The annual dividend of General Host is zero.Concept Questions - Appendix To Chapter 5◆What is the difference between a spot interest rate and the yield to maturity?The yield to maturity is the geometric average of the spot rates during the life of the bond.◆Define the forward rate.Given a one-year bond and a two-year bond, one knows the spot rates for both. The forward rate is the rate of return implicit on a one-year bond purchased in the second year that would equate the terminal wealth of purchasing the one-year bond today and another in one year with that of the two-year bond.◆What is the relationship between the one-year spot rate, the two-year spot rate and the forward rate over the second year?The forward rate f2 = [(1+r2)2 /(1+r1 )] - 1◆What is the expectation hypothesis?Investors set interest rates such that the forward rate over a given period equals the spot rate for that period.◆What is the liquidity-preference hypothesis?This hypothesis maintains that investors require a risk premium for holding longer-term bonds (i.e. they prefer to be liquid or short-term investors). This implies that the market sets the forward rate for a given period above the expected spot rate for that period.Questions And ProblemsHow to Value Bonds5.1 What is the present value of a 10-year, pure discount bond that pays $1,000 at maturity and is priced to yield the following rates?a. 5 percentb. 10 percentc. 15 percentSolutions a. $1,000 / 1.0510 = $613.91b. $1,000 / 1.1010 = $385.54c. $1,000 / 1.1510 = $247.185.2 Microhard has issued a bond with the following characteristics:Principal: $1,000Term to maturity: 20 yearsCoupon rate: 8 percentSemiannual paymentsCalculate the price of the Microhard bond if the stated annual interest rate is:a. 8 percentb. 10 percentc. 6 percentSolutions The amount of the semi-annual interest payment is $40 (=$1,000 ⨯ 0.08 / 2). There are a total of 40 periods; i.e., two half years in each of the twenty years in the term to maturity.The annuity factor tables can be used to price these bonds. The appropriate discount rate touse is the semi-annual rate. That rate is simply the annual rate divided by two. Thus, for part b the rate to be used is 5% and for part c is it 3%.a. $40 (19.7928) + $1,000 / 1.0440 = $1,000Notice that whenever the coupon rate and the market rate are the same, the bond ispriced at par.b. $40 (17.1591) + $1,000 / 1.0540 = $828.41Notice that whenever the coupon rate is below the market rate, the bond is pricedbelow par.c. $40 (23.1148) + $1,000 / 1.0340 = $1,231.15Notice that whenever the coupon rate is above the market rate, the bond is pricedabove par.5.3 Consider a bond with a face value of $1,000. The coupon is paid semiannually and the market interest rate (effective annual interest rate) is 12 percent. How much would you pay for the bond if a. the coupon rate is 8 percent and the remaining time to maturity is 20 years?b. the coupon rate is 10 percent and the remaining time to maturity is 15 years?Solutions Semi-annual discount factor = (1.12)1/2 - 1 = 0.05830 = 5.83%a. Price = $40400583.0A+ $1,000 / 1.058340= $614.98 + $103.67= $718.65b. Price = $50300583.0A+ $1,000 / 1.058330= $700.94 + $182.70 = $883.645.4 Pettit Trucking has issued an 8-percent, 20-year bond that pays interest semiannually. If the market prices the bond to yield an effective annual rate of 10 percent, what is the price of the bond? Solutions Effective annual rate of 10%:Semi-annual discount factor = (1.1)0.5 - 1 = 0.04881 = 4.881%Price = $404004881.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0488140= $846.335.5 A bond is sold at $923.14 (below its par value of $1,000). The bond has 15 years to maturity and investors require a 10-percent yield on the bond. What is the coupon rate for the bond if the coupon is paid semiannually?Solutions $923.14 = C3005.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0530= (15.37245) C + $231.38C = $45The annual coupon rate = $45 ⨯ 2 / $1,000 = 0.09 = 9%5.6 You have just purchased a newly issued $1,000 five-year Vanguard Company bond at par. This five-year bond pays $60 in interest semiannually. You are also considering the purchase of another Vanguard Company bond that returns $30 in semiannual interest payments and has six years remaining before it matures. This bond has a face value of $1,000.a. What is effective annual return on the five-year bond?b. Assume that the rate you calculated in part (a) is the correct rate for the bond with six years remaining before it matures. What should you be willing to pay for that bond?c. How will your answer to part (b) change if the five-year bond pays $40 in semiannual interest? Solutionsa. The semi-annual interest rate is $60 / $1,000 = 0.06. Thus, the effective annual rate is 1.062 - 1 =0.1236 = 12.36%.b. Price = $301206.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0612= $748.48c. Price = $301204.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0412= $906.15Note: In parts b and c we are implicitly assuming that the yield curve is flat. That is, the yield in year 5 applies for year 6 as well.Bond Concepts5.7 Consider two bonds, bond A and bond B, with equal rates of 10 percent and the same face values of $1,000. The coupons are paid annually for both bonds. Bond A has 20 years to maturity while bond B has10 years to maturity.a. What are the prices of the two bonds if the relevant market interest rate is 10 percent?b. If the market interest rate increases to 12 percent, what will be the prices of the two bonds?c. If the market interest rate decreases to 8 percent, what will be the prices of the two bonds?Solutionsa. PA = $1002010.0A+ $1,000 / 1.1020 = $1,000PB = $1001010.0A+ $1,000 / 1.1010 = $1,000b. PA = $1002012.0A+ $1,000 / 1.1220 = $850.61PB = $1001012.0A+ $1,000 / 1.1210 = $887.00c. PA = $1002008.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0820 = $1,196.36PB = $1001008.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0810 = $1,134.205.8 a. If the market interest rate (the required rate of return that investors demand) unexpectedly increases, what effect would you expect this increase to have on the prices of long-term bonds? Why?b. What would be the effect of the rise in the interest rate on the general level of stock prices? Why? Solutionsa. The price of long-term bonds should fall. The price is the PV of the cash flowsassociated with the bond. As the interest rate rises, the PV of those flows falls.This can be easily seen by looking at a one-year, pure discount bond.Price = $1,000 / (1 + i)As i. increases, the denominator rises. This increase causes the price to fall.b. The effect upon stocks is not as certain as that upon the bonds. The nominalinterest rate is a function of both the real interest rate and the inflation rate; i.e.,(1 + i) = (1 + r) (1 + inflation)From this relationship it is easy to conclude that as inflation rises, the nominalinterest rate rises. Stock prices are a function of dividends and future prices aswell as the interest rate. Those dividends and future prices are determined by theearning power of the firm. When inflation occurs, it may increase or decreasefirm earnings. Thus, the effect of a rise in the level of general prices upon thelevel of stock prices is uncertain.5.9 Consider a bond that pays an $80 coupon annually and has a face value of $1,000. Calculate the yield to maturity if the bond hasa. 20 years remaining to maturity and it is sold at $1,200.b. 10 years remaining to maturity and it is sold at $950.Solutions a. $1,200 = $8020rA+ $1,000 / (1 + r)20r = 0.0622 = 6.22%b. $950 = $8010rA+ $1,000 / (1 + r)10r = 0.0877 = 8.77%5.10 The Sue Fleming Corporation has two different bonds currently outstanding. Bond A has a face value of $40,000 and matures in 20 years. The bond makes no payments for the first six years and then pays $2,000 semiannually for the subsequent eight years, and finally pays $2,500 semiannually for the last six years. Bond B also has a face value of $40,000 and a maturity of 20 years; it makes no coupon payments over the life of the bond. If the required rate of return is 12 percent compounded semiannually, what is the current price of Bond A? of Bond B?Solutions PA = ($2,0001606.0A) / (1.06)12 + ($2,5001206.0A) / (1.06)28 + $40,000 / (1.06)40= $18,033.86PB = $ 40,000 / (1.06)40 = $3,888.89The Present Value of Common Stocks5.11 Use the following February 11, 2000, WSJ quotation for AT&T Corp. Which of the following statements is false?a. The closing price of the bond with the shortest time to maturity was $1,000.b. The annual coupon for the bond maturing in year 2016 is $90.00.c. The price on the day before this quotation (i.e., February 9) for the ATT bond maturing in year 2022 was $1.075 per bond contract.d. The current yield on the ATT bond maturing in year 2002 was 7.125%e. The ATT bond maturing in year 2002 has a yield to maturity less than 7.125%.Bonds Cur Yld Vol Close Net ChgATT 9s 16 ? 10 117 _ 1/4ATT 5 1/8 01 ? 5 100 _ 3/4ATT 7 1/8 02 ? 193 104 1/8 _ 1/4ATT 8 1/8 22 ? 39 107 3/8 _ 1/8Solutions a. TrueTrueFalseFalseTrue5.12 Following are selected quotations for New York Exchange Bonds from the Wall Street Journal. Which of the following statements about Wilson’s bond is false?a. The bond maturing in year 2000 has a yield to maturity greater th an 63⁄8%.b. The closing price of the bond with the shortest time to maturity on the day before this quotation was $1,003.25.c. This annual coupon for the bond maturing in year 2013 is $75.00.d. The current yield on the Wilson’s bond with the longest time to maturity was 7.29%.e. None of the above.Quotations as of 4 P.M. Eastern TimeFriday, April 23, 1999Bonds Current Yield Vol Close NetWILSON 6 3/8 99 ? 76 100 3/8 _ 1/8WILSON 6 3/8 00 ? 9 98 1/2WILSON 7 1/4 02 ? 39 103 5/8 1/8WILSON 7 1/2 13 ? 225 102 7/8 _ 1/8Solutions a. TrueFalseTrueTrueFalse5.13 A common stock pays a current dividend of $2. The dividend is expected to grow at an 8-percent annual rate for the next three years; then it will grow at 4 percent in perpetuity.The appropriate discount rate is 12 percent. What is the price of this stock?Solutions Price = $2 (1.08) / 1.12 + $2 (1.082) / 1.122 + $2 (1.083) / 1.123+ {$2 (1.083) (1.04) / (0.12 - 0.04)} / 1.123= $28.895.14 Use the following February 12, 1998, WSJ quotation for Merck & Co. to answer the next question. 52 Weeks Yld Vol NetHi Lo Stock Sym Div % PE 100s Hi Lo Close Chg120. 80.19 Merck MRK 1.80 ? 30 195111 115.9 114.5 115 _1.25Which of the following statements is false?a. The dividend yield was about 1.6%.b. The 52 weeks’ trading range was $39.81.c. The closing price per share on February 10, 1998, was $113.75.d. The closing price per share on February 11, 1998, was $115.e. The earnings per share were about $3.83.Solutions a. FalseTrueFalseFalseTrue5.15 Use the following stock quote.52 Weeks Yld Vol NetHi Lo Stock Sym Div % PE 100s Hi Lo Close Chg126.25 72.50 Citigroup CCI 1.30 1.32 16 20925 98.4 97.8 98.13 _.13The expected growth rate in Citigroup’s dividends is 7% a year. Suppose you use the discounted dividend model to price Citigroup’s shares. The constant growth dividend model would suggest that the required return on the Citigroup’s stock is what?98.125 = 1.30 ( 1.07) / r - 0.07r = 8.4175 %5.16 You own $100,000 worth of Smart Money stock. At the end of the first year you receive a dividend of $2 per share; at the end of year 2 you receive a $4 dividend. At the end of year 3 you sell the stock for $50 per share. Only ordinary (dividend) income is taxed at the rate of 28 percent. Taxes are paid at the time dividends are received. The required rate of return is 15 percent. How many shares of stock do you own? Solutions Price = $2 (0.72) / 1.15 + $4 (0.72) / 1.152 + $50 / 1.153= $36.31The number of shares you own = $100,000 / $36.31 = 2,754 shares5.17 Consider the stock of Davidson Company that will pay an annual dividend of $2 in the coming year. The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5 percent permanently.The market requires a 12-percent return on the company.a. What is the current price of a share of the stock?b. What will the stock price be 10 years from today?Solutionsa. P = $2 / (0.12 - 0.05) = $28.57b. P10 = D11 / (r - g)= $2 (1.0510) / (0.12 - 0.05) = $46.545.18 Easy Type, Inc., is one of a myriad of companies selling word processor programs. Their newest program will cost $5 million to develop. First-year net cash flows will be $2 million. As a result of competition, profits will fall by 2 percent each year thereafter.All cash inflows will occur at year-end. If the market discount rate is 14 percent, what is the value of this new program?SolutionsValue = -$5,000,000 + $2,000,000 / {0.14 - (-0.02)}= $7,500,0005.19 Whizzkids, Inc., is experiencing a period of rapid growth. Earnings and dividends per share are expected to grow at a rate of 18 percent during the next two years, 15 percent in the third year, and at a constant rate of 6 percent thereafter. Whizzkids’ last dividend, which has just been paid, was $1.15. If the required rate of return on the stock is 12 percent, what is the price of a share of the stock today? SolutionsPrice = $1.15 (1.18) / 1.12 + $1.15 (1.182) / 1.122 + $1.152 (1.182) / 1.123+ {$1.152 (1.182) (1.06) / (0.12 - 0.06)} / 1.123= $26.955.20 Allen, Inc., is expected to pay an equal amount of dividends at the end of the first two years. Thereafter, the dividend will grow at a constant rate of 4 percent indefinitely. The stock is currently traded at $30. What is the expected dividend per share for the next year if the required rate of return is 12 percent? Solutions$30 = D / 1.12 + D / 1.122 + {D (1 + 0.04) / (0.12 - 0.04)} / 1.122= 12.053571 DD = $2.495.21 Calamity Mining Company’s reserves of ore are being depleted, and its costs of recovering a declining quantity of ore are rising each year. As a result, the company’s earnings are declining at the rate of 10 percent per year. If the dividend per share that is about to be paid is $5 and the required rate of return is 14 percent, what is the value of the firm’s stock?SolutionsDividend one year from now = $5 (1 - 0.10) = $4.50Price = $5 + $4.50 / {0.14 - (-0.10)} = $23.75Since the current $5 dividend has not yet been paid, it is still included in the stock price.5.22 The Highest Potential, Inc., will pay a quarterly dividend per share of $1 at the end of each of the next 12 quarters. Subsequently, the dividend will grow at a quarterly rate of 0.5 percent indefinitely. The appropriate rate of return on the stock is 10 percent. What is the current stock price?Estimates of Parameters in the Dividend-Discount ModelSolutionsPrice = $112025.0A+ {$1 (1 + 0.005) / (0.025 - 0.005)} / 1.02512= $10.26 + $37.36= $47.625.23 The newspaper reported last week that Bradley Enterprises earned $20 million. The report also stated that the firm’s return on equity remains on its historical trend of 14 percent. Bradley retains 60 percent of its earnings. What is the firm’s growth rate of earnings? What will next year’s earnings be? SolutionsGrowth rate g = 0.6 ⨯ 0.14 = 0.084 = 8.4%Next year earnings = $20 million ⨯ 1.084 = $21.68 million5.24 Von Neumann Enterprises has just reported earnings of $10 million, and it plans to retain 75 percent of its earnings. The company has 1.25 million shares of common stock outstanding. The stock is selling at $30. The historical return on equity (ROE) of 12 percent is expected to continue in the future. What is the required rate of return on the stock?Growth Opportunitiesg = retention ratio ⨯ ROE = 0.75 ⨯ 0.12= 0.09 = 9%Dividend per share = $10 million ⨯ (1 - 0.75) / 1.25 million= $2The required rate of return = $2 (1.09) / $30 + 0.09= 0.1627 = 16.27%5.25 Rite Bite Enterprises sells toothpicks. Gross revenues last year were $3 million, and total costs were $1.5 million. Rite Bite has 1 million shares of common stock outstanding. Gross revenues and costs are expected to grow at 5 percent per year. Rite Bite pays no income taxes, and all earnings are paid out as dividends.a. If the appropriate discount rate is 15 percent and all cash flows are received at year’s end, what is the price per share of Rite Bite stock?b. The president of Rite Bite decided to begin a program to produce toothbrushes. The project requires an immediate outlay of $15 million. In one year, another outlay of $5 million will be needed. The year after that, net cash inflows will be $6 million. This profit level will be maintained in perpetuity. What effect will undertaking this project have on the price per share of the stock?Solutionsa. Price = ($3 - $1.5) ⨯ 1.05 / (0.15 - 0.05)= $15.75b. NPVGO = -$15,000,000 - $5,000,000 / 1.15 + ($6,000,000 / 0.15) / 1.15= $15,434,783The price increases by $15.43 per share.5.26 California Electronics, Inc., expects to earn $100 million per year in perpetuity if it does not undertake any new projects. The firm has an opportunity that requires an investment of $15 million today and $5 million in one year. The new investment will begin to generate additional annual earnings of $10 million two years from today in perpetuity. The firm has 20 million shares of common stock outstanding, and the required rate of return on the stock is 15 percent.a. What is the price of a share of the stock if the firm does not undertake the new project?b. What is the value of the growth opportunities resulting from the new project?c. What is the price of a share of the stock if the firm undertakes the new project?Solutionsa. Price = EPS / r = {$100 million / 20 million} / 0.15= $33.33b. NPV = -$15 million - $5 million / 1.15 + ($10 million / 0.15) / 1.15= $38,623,188c. Price = $33.33 + $38,623,188 / 20,000,000= $35.265.27 Suppose Smithfield Foods, Inc., has just paid a dividend of $1.40 per share. Sales and profits for Smithfield Foods are expected to grow at a rate of 5% per year. Its dividend is expected to grow by the same rate. If the required return is 10%, what is the value of a share of Smithfield Foods?SolutionsPrice = 1.40 (1.05) / 0.10 - 0.05Price = $29.405.28 In order to buy back its own shares, Pennzoil Co. has decided to suspend its dividends for the next two years. It will resume its annual cash dividend of $2.00 a share 3 years from now. This level of dividends will be maintained for one more year. Thereafter, Pennzoil is expected to increase its cash dividend payments by an annual growth rate of 6% per year forever. The required rate of return on Pennzoil’s stock is 16%. According to the discounted dividend model, what should Pennzoil’s current share price be? SolutionsPrice = 2 / (1.16) 3 + 2 / (1.16)4 + 2.12 / 0.16 - 0.06= 1.28 + 1.10 + 21.20= $23.585.29 Four years ago, Ultramar Diamond Inc. paid a dividend of $0.80 per share. This year Ultramar paid a dividend of $1.66 per share. It is expected that the company will pay dividends growing at the same rate for the next 5 years. Thereafter, the growth rate will level at 8% per year. The required return on this stock is 18%. According to the discounted dividend model, what would Ultramar’s cash dividend be in 7 years? a. $2.86c. $3.68d. $4.30e. $4.82Solutionsa. g = 0.4 ⨯ 0.15 = 0.06 = 6%b. Dividend per share = $1.5 million ⨯ 0.6 / 300,000= $3Price = $3 (1.06) / (0.13 - 0.06)= $45.43c. Assuming the additional earnings generated are all paid out as cash dividends.NPV = -$1.2 million + $0.3 million {1 / (0.13 - 0.10)} {1 - (1.10 / 1.13)10}= $1,159,136.93d. Price = $45.43 + $1,159,136.93 / 300,000= $49.295.30 The Webster Co. has just paid a dividend of $5.25 per share. The company will increase its dividendby 15 percent next year and will then reduce its dividend growth by 3 percent each year until it reaches the industry average of 5 percent growth, after which the company will keep a constant growth, forever. The required rate of return for the Webster Co. is 14 percent. What will a share of stock sell for?SolutionsPrice = 3 / 1.15 + 4.5 / ( 1.15)2 + 4.725 / 0.15- 0.05= 2.61 + 3.40 + 47.52= $53.535.31 Consider Pacific Energy Company and U.S. Bluechips, Inc., both of which reported recent earnings of $800,000 and have 500,000 shares of common stock outstanding. Assume both firms have the same required rate of return of 15 percent a year.a. Pacific Energy Company has a new project that will generate cash flows of $100,000 each year in perpetuity. Calculate the P/E ratio of the company.Chapter 5 How to Value Bonds and Stocks 129b. U.S. Bluechips has a new project that will increase earnings by $200,000 in the coming year. The increased earnings will grow at 10 percent a year in perpetuity. Calculate the P/E ratio of the firm. Solutionsa. P/E of Pacific Energy Company:EPS = ($800,000 / 500,000) = $1.6NPVGO = {$100,000 / 500,000} / 0.15 = $1.33P/E = 1 / 0.15 + 1.33 / 1.6 = 7.50b. P/E of U. S. Bluechips, Inc.:NPVGO = {$200,000 / 500,000} / (0.15 - 0.10) = $8P/E = 1 / 0.15 + 8 / 1.6 = 11.675.32 (Challenge Question) Lewin Skis Inc. (today) expects to earn $4.00 per share for each of the future operating periods (beginning at time 1) if the firm makes no new investments (and returns the earnings as dividends to the shareholders). However, Clint Williams, President and CEO, has discovered an opportunity to retain (and invest) 25% of the earnings beginning three years from today (starting at time 3). This opportunity to invest will continue (for each period) indefinitely. He expects to earn 40% (per year) on this new equity investment (ROE of 40), the return beginning one year after each investment is made. The firm’s equity discount rate is 14% throughout.a. What is the price per share (now at time 0) of Lewin Skis Inc. stock without making the new investment?b. If the new investment is expected to be made, per the preceding information, what would the value of the stock (per share) be now (at time 0)?c. What is the expected capital gain yield for the second period, assuming the proposed investment is made? What is the expected capital gain yield for the second period if the proposed investment is not made?d. What is the expected dividend yield for the second period if the new investment is made? What is the expected dividend yield for the second period if the new investment is not made?Solutionsa. Price = $4 / 0.14 = $28.57Price = 28.57 + (-1 + 0.40 / 0.14) / 0.04(1.14) 3= 28.57 + 31.33The expected return of 14% less the dividend yield of 5% providesa capital gain yield of 9%. If there is no investment the yield is 14%.$3 / $59.90 = .05 and $4 / $28.57 = .14 without the investment.Appendix to Chapter 5 Questions And ProblemsA.1 The appropriate discount rate for cash flows received one year from today is 10 percent. The appropriate annual discount rate for cash flows received two years from today is 11 percent.a. What is the price of a two-year bond that pays an annual coupon of 6 percent?b. What is the yield to maturity of this bond?Solutionsa. P = $60 / 1.10 + $1,060 / (1.11)2= $54.55 + $ 860.32= $914.87$914.87 = $60 / ( 1 + y ) + $1,060 / ( 1 + y )2y = YTM = 10.97%A.2 The one-year spot rate equals 10 percent and the two-year spot rate equals 8 percent. What should a 5-percent coupon two-year bond cost?SolutionsP = $50 / 1.10 + $1,050 / (1.08)2= $45.45 + $900.21= $945.66A.3 If the one-year spot rate is 9 percent and the two-year spot rate is 10 percent, what is the forward rate? Solutions ( 1 + r1 )( 1 + ƒ2 ) = ( 1 + r2 )2( 1.09 ) ( 1 + ƒ2 ) = ( 1.10 )2ƒ2 = .1101A.4 Assume the following spot rates:Maturity Spot Rates (%)1 52 73 10What are the forward rates over each of the three years?Solutions( 1 + r2 )2 = ( 1+ r1 ) ( 1 + ƒ2 )( 1.07 )2 = ( 1.05 )( 1 + ƒ2 )ƒ2 = .0904, one-year forward rate over the 2nd year is 9.04%.( 1 + r3 )3 = ( 1 + r2 )2 ( 1 + ƒ3 )( 1.10 )3 = ( 1.07 )2 ( 1 + ƒ3 )ƒ3 = .1625, one-year forward rate over the 3rd year is 16.25%.。

公司理财》习题参考答案

公司理财》习题参考答案

《公司理财》习题参考答案第1章公司理财导论★案例分析1.股东之间的利益(1)作为内部股东,其利益与外部股东未必一致。

(2)内部股东拥有信息优势。

他们可能运用这种信息优势做出有利于自己但伤害外部股东利益的行为,例如延期发布预亏信息。

2.企业组织的经营目标(1)相同点:公司理财学教授与市场营销学教授从各自的职业特征出发,表述了企业的经营目标。

不同点:公司理财学教授表达的是企业经营的最终目标,市场营销学教授表达的是实现企业经营最终目标的手段。

手段与目标本身并不一致。

也就是说,顾客满意了,企业价值未必最大化。

(2)如果公司理财学教授与市场营销学教授分别代表企业的财务部门与营销部门,可以通过“顾客给企业带来利润率”这个指标来协调其认识差异。

企业为什么要最大限度地满足顾客要求呢?其目的在于,通过最大限度地满足顾客要求来实现企业价值最大化。

然而,并不是所有满意的顾客都能够为企业创造价值。

对于这种顾客,企业为什么要最大限度地满足其要求呢?通过“顾客给企业带来利润率”这个指标来协调企业的财务部门与营销部门的认识差异的实践意义在于,它能够使企业财务部门与营销部门“讲同一种语言”。

财务部门具有营销理念,营销部门具有财务理念,从而构建“和谐企业”,引导企业走上“创造价值”的轨道上来。

3.会计学观念与公司理财观念(1)Toms公司不能得到价值补偿。

(2)会计学与公司理财学的差异在于会计学关注利润,而公司理财学关注现金流量。

4.整合四流,创造一流(1)企业组织应该设置预算管理委员会来沟通、协调及有效整合企业组织的物流、资金流、信息流和人力资源。

(2)某些企业组织的财务总监或会计人员委派制只解决了会计的监督职能,没有解决会计的辅助管理决策乃至战略制定职能。

(3)企业组织的财务经理人(包括会计经理人)主要体现企业组织的经营权范畴。

第2章公司理财环境★案例分析1.利率市场化(1)如果利率市场化,那么,资金的供求关系会影响利率,从而影响金融市场。

罗斯公司理财第六版习题答案第5章

罗斯公司理财第六版习题答案第5章

Concept Questions◆Define pure discount bonds, level-coupon bonds, and consols.A pure discount bond is one that makes no intervening interest payments. One receives a single lump sum payment at maturity. A level-coupon bond is a combination of an annuity and a lump sum at maturity. A consol is a bond that makes interest payments forever.◆Contrast the state interest rate and the effective annual interest rate for bonds paying semi-annual interest. Effective annual interest rate on a bond takes into account two periods of compounding per year received on the coupon payments. The state rate does not take this into account.◆What is the relationship between interest rates and bond prices?There is an inverse relationship. When one goes up, the other goes down.◆How does one calculate the yield to maturity on a bond?One finds the discount rate that equates the promised future cash flows with the price of the bond.◆What are the three factors determining a firm's P/E ratio?Today's expectations of future growth opportunities.The discount rate.The accounting method.◆What is the closing price of General Data?The closing price of General Data is 6 3/16.◆What is the PE of General House?The PE of General House is 29.◆What is the annual dividend of General Host?The annual dividend of General Host is zero.Concept Questions- Appendix To Chapter 5◆What is the difference between a spot interest rate and the yield to maturity?The yield to maturity is the geometric average of the spot rates during the life of the bond.◆Define the forward rate.Given a one-year bond and a two-year bond, one knows the spot rates for both. The forward rate is the rate of return implicit on a one-year bond purchased in the second year that would equate the terminal wealth of purchasing the one-year bond today and another in one year with that of the two-year bond.◆What is the relationship between the one-year spot rate, the two-year spot rate and the forward rate over the second year?The forward rate f2 = [(1+r2)2 /(1+r1 )] - 1◆What is the expectation hypothesis?Investors set interest rates such that the forward rate over a given period equals the spot rate for that period.◆What is the liquidity-preference hypothesis?This hypothesis maintains that investors require a risk premium for holding longer-term bonds (i.e. they prefer to be liquid or short-term investors). This implies that the market sets the forward rate for a given period above the expected spot rate for that period.Questions And ProblemsHow to Value Bonds5.1 What is the present value of a 10-year, pure discount bond that pays $1,000 at maturity andis priced to yield the following rates?a. 5 percentb. 10 percentc. 15 percentSolutions a. $1,000 / 1.0510 = $613.91b. $1,000 / 1.1010 = $385.54c. $1,000 / 1.1510 = $247.185.2 Microhard has issued a bond with the following characteristics:Principal: $1,000Term to maturity: 20 yearsCoupon rate: 8 percentSemiannual paymentsCalculate the price of the Microhard bond if the stated annual interest rate is:a. 8 percentb. 10 percentc. 6 percentSolutions The amount of the semi-annual interest payment is $40 (=$1,000 ⨯ 0.08 / 2). There are a total of 40 periods; i.e., two half years in each of the twenty years in the term to maturity.The annuity factor tables can be used to price these bonds. The appropriate discount rate touse is the semi-annual rate. That rate is simply the annual rate divided by two. Thus, for part b the rate to be used is 5% and for part c is it 3%.a. $40 (19.7928) + $1,000 / 1.0440 = $1,000Notice that whenever the coupon rate and the market rate are the same, the bond ispriced at par.b. $40 (17.1591) + $1,000 / 1.0540 = $828.41Notice that whenever the coupon rate is below the market rate, the bond is pricedbelow par.c. $40 (23.1148) + $1,000 / 1.0340 = $1,231.15Notice that whenever the coupon rate is above the market rate, the bond is pricedabove par.5.3 Consider a bond with a face value of $1,000. The coupon is paid semiannually and themarket interest rate (effective annual interest rate) is 12 percent. How much would you payfor the bond ifa. the coupon rate is 8 percent and the remaining time to maturity is 20 years?b. the coupon rate is 10 percent and the remaining time to maturity is 15 years?Solutions Semi-annual discount factor = (1.12)1/2 - 1 = 0.05830 = 5.83%a. Price = $40400583.0A+ $1,000 / 1.058340= $614.98 + $103.67= $718.65b. Price = $50300583.0A+ $1,000 / 1.058330= $700.94 + $182.70 = $883.645.4 Pettit Trucking has issued an 8-percent, 20-year bond that pays interest semiannually. If themarket prices the bond to yield an effective annual rate of 10 percent, what is the price ofthe bond? Solutions Effective annual rate of 10%:Semi-annual discount factor = (1.1)0.5 - 1 = 0.04881 = 4.881%Price = $404004881.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0488140= $846.335.5 A bond is sold at $923.14 (below its par value of $1,000). The bond has 15 years tomaturity and investors require a 10-percent yield on the bond. What is the coupon rate forthe bond if the coupon is paid semiannually?Solutions $923.14 = C3005.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0530= (15.37245) C + $231.38C = $45The annual coupon rate = $45 ⨯ 2 / $1,000 = 0.09 = 9%5.6 You have just purchased a newly issued $1,000 five-year Vanguard Company bond at par.This five-year bond pays $60 in interest semiannually. You are also considering the purchaseof another Vanguard Company bond that returns $30 in semiannual interest payments andhas six years remaining before it matures. This bond has a face value of $1,000.a. What is effective annual return on the five-year bond?b. Assume that the rate you calculated in part (a) is the correct rate for the bond with sixyears remaining before it matures. What should you be willing to pay for that bond?c. How will your answer to part (b) change if the five-year bond pays $40 in semiannualinterest? Solutionsa. The semi-annual interest rate is $60 / $1,000 = 0.06. Thus, the effective annual rate is 1.062 - 1 =0.1236 = 12.36%.b. Price = $301206.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0612= $748.48c. Price = $301204.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0412= $906.15Note: In parts b and c we are implicitly assuming that the yield curve is flat. That is, the yield in year 5 applies for year 6 as well.Bond Concepts5.7 Consider two bonds, bond A and bond B, with equal rates of 10 percent and the same facevalues of $1,000. The coupons are paid annually for both bonds. Bond A has 20 years tomaturity while bond B has10 years to maturity.a. What are the prices of the two bonds if the relevant market interest rate is 10 percent?b. If the market interest rate increases to 12 percent, what will be the prices of the two bonds?c. If the market interest rate decreases to 8 percent, what will be the prices of the two bonds? Solutionsa. PA = $1002010.0A+ $1,000 / 1.1020 = $1,000PB = $1001010.0A+ $1,000 / 1.1010 = $1,000b. PA = $1002012.0A+ $1,000 / 1.1220 = $850.61PB = $1001012.0A+ $1,000 / 1.1210 = $887.00c. PA = $1002008.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0820 = $1,196.36PB = $1001008.0A+ $1,000 / 1.0810 = $1,134.205.8 a. If the market interest rate (the required rate of return that investors demand)unexpectedly increases, what effect would you expect this increase to have on theprices of long-term bonds? Why?b. What would be the effect of the rise in the interest rate on the general level of stockprices? Why? Solutionsa. The price of long-term bonds should fall. The price is the PV of the cash flowsassociated with the bond. As the interest rate rises, the PV of those flows falls.This can be easily seen by looking at a one-year, pure discount bond.Price = $1,000 / (1 + i)As i. increases, the denominator rises. This increase causes the price to fall.b. The effect upon stocks is not as certain as that upon the bonds. The nominalinterest rate is a function of both the real interest rate and the inflation rate; i.e.,(1 + i) = (1 + r) (1 + inflation)From this relationship it is easy to conclude that as inflation rises, the nominal interest rate rises. Stock prices are a function of dividends and future prices as well as the interest rate. Those dividends and future prices are determined by the earning power of the firm. When inflation occurs, it may increase or decrease firm earnings. Thus, the effect of a rise in the level of general prices upon the level of stock prices is uncertain.5.9 Consider a bond that pays an $80 coupon annually and has a face value of $1,000.Calculate the yield to maturity if the bond hasa. 20 years remaining to maturity and it is sold at $1,200.b. 10 years remaining to maturity and it is sold at $950.Solutions a. $1,200 = $8020rA+ $1,000 / (1 + r)20r = 0.0622 = 6.22%b. $950 = $8010rA+ $1,000 / (1 + r)10r = 0.0877 = 8.77%5.10 The Sue Fleming Corporation has two different bonds currently outstanding. Bond A has aface value of $40,000 and matures in 20 years. The bond makes no payments for the firstsix years and then pays $2,000 semiannually for the subsequent eight years, and finallypays $2,500 semiannually for the last six years. Bond B also has a face value of $40,000and a maturity of 20 years; it makes no coupon payments over the life of the bond. If therequired rate of return is 12 percent compounded semiannually, what is the current price ofBond A? of Bond B?Solutions PA = ($2,0001606.0A) / (1.06)12 + ($2,5001206.0A) / (1.06)28 + $40,000 / (1.06)40= $18,033.86PB = $ 40,000 / (1.06)40 = $3,888.89The Present Value of Common Stocks5.11 Use the following February 11, 2000, WSJ quotation for AT&T Corp. Which of thefollowing statements is false?a. The closing price of the bond with the shortest time to maturity was $1,000.b. The annual coupon for the bond maturing in year 2016 is $90.00.c. The price on the day before this quotation (i.e., February 9) for the ATT bond maturingin year 2022 was $1.075 per bond contract.d. The current yield on the ATT bond maturing in year 2002 was 7.125%e. The ATT bond maturing in year 2002 has a yield to maturity less than 7.125%.Bonds Cur Yld Vol Close Net ChgATT 9s 16 ? 10 117 _ 1/4ATT 5 1/8 01 ? 5 100 _ 3/4ATT 7 1/8 02 ? 193 104 1/8 _ 1/4ATT 8 1/8 22 ? 39 107 3/8 _ 1/8Solutions a. TrueTrueFalseFalseTrue5.12 Following are selected quotations for New York Exchange Bonds from the Wall StreetJournal. Which of the following statements about Wilson’s bond is false?a. The bond maturing in year 2000 has a yield to maturity greater than 63⁄8%.b. The closing price of the bond with the shortest time to maturity on the day before thisquotation was $1,003.25.c. This annual coupon for the bond maturing in year 2013 is $75.00.d. The current yield on the Wilson’s bond with the longest time to maturity was 7.29%.e. None of the above.Quotations as of 4 P.M. Eastern TimeFriday, April 23, 1999Bonds Current Yield Vol Close NetWILSON 6 3/8 99 ? 76 100 3/8 _ 1/8WILSON 6 3/8 00 ? 9 98 1/2WILSON 7 1/4 02 ? 39 103 5/8 1/8WILSON 7 1/2 13 ? 225 102 7/8 _ 1/8Solutions a. TrueFalseTrueTrueFalse5.13 A common stock pays a current dividend of $2. The dividend is expected to grow at an8-percent annual rate for the next three years; then it will grow at 4 percent in perpetuity.The appropriate discount rate is 12 percent. What is the price of this stock?Solutions Price = $2 (1.08) / 1.12 + $2 (1.082) / 1.122 + $2 (1.083) / 1.123+ {$2 (1.083) (1.04) / (0.12 - 0.04)} / 1.123= $28.895.14 Use the following February 12, 1998, WSJ quotation for Merck & Co. to answer the nextquestion. 52 Weeks Yld Vol NetHi Lo Stock Sym Div % PE 100s Hi Lo Close Chg120. 80.19 Merck MRK 1.80 ? 30 195111 115.9 114.5 115 _1.25Which of the following statements is false?a. The dividend yield was about 1.6%.b. The 52 weeks’ trading range was $39.81.c. The closing price per share on February 10, 1998, was $113.75.d. The closing price per share on February 11, 1998, was $115.e. The earnings per share were about $3.83.Solutions a. FalseTrueFalseFalseTrue5.15 Use the following stock quote.52 Weeks Yld Vol NetHi Lo Stock Sym Div % PE 100s Hi Lo Close Chg126.25 72.50 Citigroup CCI 1.30 1.32 16 20925 98.4 97.8 98.13 _.13The expected growth rate in Citigroup’s dividends is 7% a year. Suppose you use thediscounted dividend model to price Citigroup’s shares. The constant growth dividendmodel would suggest that the required return on the Citigroup’s stock is what?98.125 = 1.30 ( 1.07) / r - 0.07r = 8.4175 %5.16 You own $100,000 worth of Smart Money stock. At the end of the first year you receive adividend of $2 per share; at the end of year 2 you receive a $4 dividend. At the end of year3 you sell the stock for $50 per share. Only ordinary (dividend) income is taxed at the rateof 28 percent. Taxes are paid at the time dividends are received. The required rate of returnis 15 percent. How many shares of stock do you own? Solutions Price = $2 (0.72) / 1.15 + $4 (0.72) / 1.152 + $50 / 1.153= $36.31The number of shares you own = $100,000 / $36.31 = 2,754 shares5.17 Consider the stock of Davidson Company that will pay an annual dividend of $2 in thecoming year. The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 5 percent permanently.The market requires a 12-percent return on the company.a. What is the current price of a share of the stock?b. What will the stock price be 10 years from today?Solutionsa. P = $2 / (0.12 - 0.05) = $28.57b. P10 = D11 / (r - g)= $2 (1.0510) / (0.12 - 0.05) = $46.545.18 Easy Type, Inc., is one of a myriad of companies selling word processor programs.Their newest program will cost $5 million to develop. First-year net cash flows will be$2 million. As a result of competition, profits will fall by 2 percent each year thereafter.All cash inflows will occur at year-end. If the market discount rate is 14 percent, what isthe value of this new program?SolutionsValue = -$5,000,000 + $2,000,000 / {0.14 - (-0.02)}= $7,500,0005.19 Whizzkids, Inc., is experiencing a period of rapid growth. Earnings and dividends pershare are expected to grow at a rate of 18 percent during the next two years, 15 percent inthe third year, and at a constant rate of 6 percent thereafter. Whizzkids’ last dividend,which has just been paid, was $1.15. If the required rate of return on the stock is 12percent, what is the price of a share of the stock today?SolutionsPrice = $1.15 (1.18) / 1.12 + $1.15 (1.182) / 1.122 + $1.152 (1.182) / 1.123+ {$1.152 (1.182) (1.06) / (0.12 - 0.06)} / 1.123= $26.955.20 Allen, Inc., is expected to pay an equal amount of dividends at the end of the first twoyears. Thereafter, the dividend will grow at a constant rate of 4 percent indefinitely. Thestock is currently traded at $30. What is the expected dividend per share for the next yearif the required rate of return is 12 percent?Solutions$30 = D / 1.12 + D / 1.122 + {D (1 + 0.04) / (0.12 - 0.04)} / 1.122= 12.053571 DD = $2.495.21 Calamity Mining Company’s reserves of ore are being depleted, and its costs ofrecovering a declining quantity of ore are rising each year. As a result, the company’searnings are declining at the rate of 10 percent per year. If the dividend per share that isabout to be paid is $5 and the required rate of return is 14 percent, what is the value of thefirm’s stock?SolutionsDividend one year from now = $5 (1 - 0.10) = $4.50Price = $5 + $4.50 / {0.14 - (-0.10)} = $23.75Since the current $5 dividend has not yet been paid, it is still included in the stock price.5.22 The Highest Potential, Inc., will pay a quarterly dividend per share of $1 at the end of eachof the next 12 quarters. Subsequently, the dividend will grow at a quarterly rate of 0.5percent indefinitely. The appropriate rate of return on the stock is 10 percent. What is thecurrent stock price?Estimates of Parameters in the Dividend-Discount ModelSolutionsPrice = $112025.0A+ {$1 (1 + 0.005) / (0.025 - 0.005)} / 1.02512= $10.26 + $37.36= $47.625.23 The newspaper reported last week that Bradley Enterprises earned $20 million. The reportalso stated that the firm’s return on equity remains on its historical trend of 14 percent.Bradley retains 60 percent of its earnings. What is the firm’s growth rate of earnings?What will next year’s earnings be?SolutionsGrowth rate g = 0.6 ⨯ 0.14 = 0.084 = 8.4%Next year earnings = $20 million ⨯ 1.084 = $21.68 million5.24 Von Neumann Enterprises has just reported earnings of $10 million, and it plans to retain 75percent of its earnings. The company has 1.25 million shares of common stock outstanding.The stock is selling at $30. The historical return on equity (ROE) of 12 percent is expectedto continue in the future. What is the required rate of return on the stock?Growth Opportunitiesg = retention ratio ⨯ ROE = 0.75 ⨯ 0.12= 0.09 = 9%Dividend per share = $10 million ⨯ (1 - 0.75) / 1.25 million= $2The required rate of return = $2 (1.09) / $30 + 0.09= 0.1627 = 16.27%5.25 Rite Bite Enterprises sells toothpicks. Gross revenues last year were $3 million, and totalcosts were $1.5 million. Rite Bite has 1 million shares of common stock outstanding.Gross revenues and costs are expected to grow at 5 percent per year. Rite Bite pays noincome taxes, and all earnings are paid out as dividends.a. If the appropriate discount rate is 15 percent and all cash flows are received at year’send, what is the price per share of Rite Bite stock?b. The president of Rite Bite decided to begin a program to produce toothbrushes. Theproject requires an immediate outlay of $15 million. In one year, another outlay of$5 million will be needed. The year after that, net cash inflows will be $6 million. Thisprofit level will be maintained in perpetuity. What effect will undertaking this projecthave on the price per share of the stock?Solutionsa. Price = ($3 - $1.5) ⨯ 1.05 / (0.15 - 0.05)= $15.75b. NPVGO = -$15,000,000 - $5,000,000 / 1.15 + ($6,000,000 / 0.15) / 1.15= $15,434,783The price increases by $15.43 per share.5.26 California Electronics, Inc., expects to earn $100 million per year in perpetuity if it doesnot undertake any new projects. The firm has an opportunity that requires an investment of$15 million today and $5 million in one year. The new investment will begin to generateadditional annual earnings of $10 million two years from today in perpetuity. The firm has20 million shares of common stock outstanding, and the required rate of return on thestock is 15 percent.a. What is the price of a share of the stock if the firm does not undertake the new project?b. What is the value of the growth opportunities resulting from the new project?c. What is the price of a share of the stock if the firm undertakes the new project?Solutionsa. Price = EPS / r = {$100 million / 20 million} / 0.15= $33.33b. NPV = -$15 million - $5 million / 1.15 + ($10 million / 0.15) / 1.15= $38,623,188c. Price = $33.33 + $38,623,188 / 20,000,000= $35.265.27 Suppose Smithfield Foods, Inc., has just paid a dividend of $1.40 per share. Sales andprofits for Smithfield Foods are expected to grow at a rate of 5% per year. Its dividend isexpected to grow by the same rate. If the required return is 10%, what is the value of ashare of Smithfield Foods?SolutionsPrice = 1.40 (1.05) / 0.10 - 0.05Price = $29.405.28 In order to buy back its own shares, Pennzoil Co. has decided to suspend its dividends forthe next two years. It will resume its annual cash dividend of $2.00 a share 3 years fromnow. This level of dividendswill be maintained for one more year. Thereafter, Pennzoil isexpected to increase its cash dividend payments by an annual growth rate of 6% per yearforever. The required rate of return on Pennzoil’s stock is 16%. According to thediscounted dividend model, what should Pennzoil’s current share price be? SolutionsPrice = 2 / (1.16) 3 + 2 / (1.16)4 + 2.12 / 0.16 - 0.06= 1.28 + 1.10 + 21.20= $23.585.29 Four years ago, Ultramar Diamond Inc. paid a dividend of $0.80 per share. This yearUltramar paid a dividend of $1.66 per share. It is expected that the company will paydividends growing at the same rate for the next 5 years. Thereafter, the growth rate willlevel at 8% per year. The required return on this stock is 18%. According to the discounteddividend model, what would Ultramar’s cash dividend be in 7 years?a. $2.86c. $3.68d. $4.30e. $4.82Solutionsa. g = 0.4 ⨯ 0.15 = 0.06 = 6%b. Dividend per share = $1.5 million ⨯ 0.6 / 300,000= $3Price = $3 (1.06) / (0.13 - 0.06)= $45.43c. Assuming the additional earnings generated are all paid out as cash dividends.NPV = -$1.2 million + $0.3 million {1 / (0.13 - 0.10)} {1 - (1.10 / 1.13)10}= $1,159,136.93d. Price = $45.43 + $1,159,136.93 / 300,000= $49.295.30 The Webster Co. has just paid a dividend of $5.25 per share. The company will increase itsdividend by 15 percent next year and will then reduce its dividend growth by 3 percenteach year until it reaches the industry average of 5 percent growth, after which thecompany will keep a constant growth, forever. The required rate of return for the WebsterCo. is 14 percent. What will a share of stock sell for?SolutionsPrice = 3 / 1.15 + 4.5 / ( 1.15)2 + 4.725 / 0.15- 0.05= 2.61 + 3.40 + 47.52= $53.535.31 Consider Pacific Energy Company and U.S. Bluechips, Inc., both of which reported recentearnings of $800,000 and have 500,000 shares of common stock outstanding. Assume bothfirms have the same required rate of return of 15 percent a year.a. Pacific Energy Company has a new project that will generate cash flows of $100,000each year in perpetuity. Calculate the P/E ratio of the company.Chapter 5 How to Value Bonds and Stocks 129b. U.S. Bluechips has a new project that will increase earnings by $200,000 in the comingyear. The increased earnings will grow at 10 percent a year in perpetuity. Calculate theP/E ratio of the firm. Solutionsa. P/E of Pacific Energy Company:EPS = ($800,000 / 500,000) = $1.6NPVGO = {$100,000 / 500,000} / 0.15 = $1.33P/E = 1 / 0.15 + 1.33 / 1.6 = 7.50b. P/E of U. S. Bluechips, Inc.:NPVGO = {$200,000 / 500,000} / (0.15 - 0.10) = $8P/E = 1 / 0.15 + 8 / 1.6 = 11.675.32 (Challenge Question) Lewin Skis Inc. (today) expects to earn $4.00 per share for each ofthe future operating periods (beginning at time 1) if the firm makes no new investments(and returns the earnings as dividends to the shareholders). However, Clint Williams,President and CEO, has discovered an opportunity to retain (and invest) 25% of theearnings beginning three years from today (starting at time 3). This opportunity to investwill continue (for each period) indefinitely. He expects to earn 40% (per year) on this newequity investment (ROE of 40), the return beginning one year after each investment ismade. The firm’s equity discount rate is 14% throughout.a. What is the price per share (now at time 0) of Lewin Skis Inc. stock without making thenew investment?b. If the new investment is expected to be made, per the preceding information, whatwould the value of the stock (per share) be now (at time 0)?c. What is the expected capital gain yield for the second period, assuming the proposedinvestment is made? What is the expected capital gain yield for the second period if theproposed investment is not made?d. What is the expected dividend yield for the second period if the new investment ismade? What is the expected dividend yield for the second period if the new investmentis not made?Solutionsa. Price = $4 / 0.14 = $28.57Price = 28.57 + (-1 + 0.40 / 0.14) / 0.04(1.14) 3= 28.57 + 31.33The expected return of 14% less the dividend yield of 5% providesa capital gain yield of 9%. If there is no investment the yield is 14%.$3 / $59.90 = .05 and $4 / $28.57 = .14 without the investment.Appendix to Chapter 5Questions And ProblemsA.1 The appropriate discount rate for cash flows received one year from today is 10 percent. Theappropriate annual discount rate for cash flows received two years from today is 11 percent.a. What is the price of a two-year bond that pays an annual coupon of 6 percent?b. What is the yield to maturity of this bond?Solutionsa. P = $60 / 1.10 + $1,060 / (1.11)2= $54.55 + $ 860.32= $914.87$914.87 = $60 / ( 1 + y ) + $1,060 / ( 1 + y )2y = YTM = 10.97%A.2 The one-year spot rate equals 10 percent and the two-year spot rate equals 8 percent. Whatshould a 5-percent coupon two-year bond cost?SolutionsP = $50 / 1.10 + $1,050 / (1.08)2= $45.45 + $900.21= $945.66A.3 If the one-year spot rate is 9 percent and the two-year spot rate is 10 percent, what is theforward rate? Solutions ( 1 + r1 )( 1 + ƒ2 ) = ( 1 + r2 )2( 1.09 ) ( 1 + ƒ2 ) = ( 1.10 )2ƒ2 = .1101A.4 Assume the following spot rates:Maturity Spot Rates (%)1 52 73 10What are the forward rates over each of the three years?Solutions( 1 + r2 )2 = ( 1+ r1 ) ( 1 + ƒ2 )( 1.07 )2 = ( 1.05 )( 1 + ƒ2 )ƒ2 = .0904, one-year forward rate over the 2nd year is 9.04%.( 1 + r3 )3 = ( 1 + r2 )2 ( 1 + ƒ3 )( 1.10 )3 = ( 1.07 )2 ( 1 + ƒ3 )ƒ3 = .1625, one-year forward rate over the 3rd year is 16.25%.。

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24、 a. b.
五年后需要 $25,000 ,那么折到现在应为$17,824.65 [= $25,000 / 1.075]. 然后再计算年金,如下:
$17,824.65
=C
Α5 0.07
$17,824.65 = C (4.1002)
C = $4,347.26
首先计算现值, $25,000 折到现在应为$17,824.65 [= $25,000 / 1.075]
第 4 章:净现值(P73~74)
2
12、 a. b. c. d.
$1,000 × 1.0510 = $1,628.89
$1,000 × 1.0710 = $1,967.15 $1,000 × 1.0520 = $2,653.30 复利计息是用所得的利息进行再投资,所以 c 的结果远远大于 a 的两倍。
r = 0.18921 = 18.921%
27、
首先计算一下四年学费折到入学前的价值:$21,000
Α4 0.15
=
$21,000
(2.8550)
=
$59,955.
在入学前,小的距现在有 16 年,大的距现在有 14 年,所以分别把他们入学前的学
费折到现在,即:
PV= $59,955 / 1.1514 + $59,955 / 1.1516
所以,$20,000 可以解决该问题。
25、 选择一:每年税后支付为$160,000 (1 - 0.28) = $115,200. 利用年金公式可得:
PV=
$115,200
+ $115,200
Α
30 0.10
=
$115,200
+ $115,200
(9.4269)
= $1,201,178.88 选择二: 每年的税后支付为$72,759.60 [= $101,055 (1 - 0.28)].同样,利用年金公式可
得:
PV= $446,000 + $72,759.60
Α
30 0.10
=
$446,000
+ $72,759.60 (9.4269)
= $1,131,897.47
方法一有更高的 PV, 所以选择第一种方法。
26、 设 r 为利率,则:$10,000(1 + r)12= $80,000 (1 + r)12 = 8
= $26.95 注:刚刚支付的股利不计入股票现值。
13、 一年后的股利为: $5 (1 - 0.10) = $4.50 利用股利增长模型得:P= $5 + $4.50 / {0.14 - (-0.10)} = $23.75 注:和上一题不同,由于 5 美元的股利将要支付,所以,股票价格中要包含这 5 美
e.
终值会增加是由于复利的缘故,当一个计息周期结束时,复利的利息会计
入下期本金,所以当计息周期缩短时,所谓的“利息的利息”会增加,因此,终值
会变大。
19、 用永续年金公式即可得:PV = $120 / 0.15 = $800
20、 a.
$1,000 / 0.1 = $10,000
b.
第一年末的价值为:$500 / 0.1 = $5,000 ,折现到零时点即为:$5,000 / 1.1 =
$ 4,000 8,000
$ 12,000
$ 34,000 82,000
$116,000 $128,000
负债与所有者权益 流动负债
应付账款 应交税金 流动资产合计 长期负债 应付债券 股东权益 普通股(面值为$100) 股本溢价 累计留存收益 股东权益合计 负债与股东权益总计
$ 6,000 2,000
元。
5
第 6 章:投资决策的其他方法(P121~122)
10、 a. b.
项目 A 的回收期为 :1 + ($7,500 - $4,000) / $3,500 = 2 年
项目 B 的回收期为: 2 + ($5,000 - $2,500 -$1,200) / $3,000 = 2.43 年
所以,应该选择项目 A。 NPVA = -$7,500 + $4,000 / 1.15 + $3,500 / 1.152 + $1,500 / 1.153 = -$388.96 NPVB = -$5,000 + $2,500 / 1.15 + $1,200 / 1.152 + $3,000 / 1.153 = $53.83 应该选择项目 B。
0.5132 0.4665
总计
743.76 2,619.80
641.50 641.44 $5,282.87
第 5 章:债券和股票的定价(P95~96)
9、 半年息票支付额为 $40 (=$1,000 × 0.08 / 2),期限 20 年就计息 40 次。 a. $40 (19.7928) + $1,000 / 1.0440 = $1,000 票面利率和市场利率相等,债券平价发行。 b. $40 (17.1591) + $1,000 / 1.0540 = $828.41
= $14,880.44
由年金公式可得每年要交的存款(C):
C= $14,880.44
/
Α 15 0.15Leabharlann =$14,880.44
/ 5.8474
=
$2,544.80
28、 本题考查增长年金公式。首先一年后的支付额为:$50,000(1.04)2(0.02) = $1,081.60.
所以,利用公式可得:PV= $1,081.60 [1 / (0.08 - 0.04) - {1 / (0.08 - 0.04)}{1.04 / 1.08}40] = $21,064.28 这是现值,然后计算 40 年后的终值,即得: $21,064.28 (1.0840) = $457,611.46
11、 a. 平均投资额:($16,000 + $12,000 + $8,000 + $4,000 + 0) / 5 = $8,000 平均净收益:$4,500-$4,000=$500 平均会计收益率为:$500 / $8,000 = 0.0625 = 6.25%
票面利率低于市场利率,债券折价发行。 c. $40 (23.1148) + $1,000 / 1.0340 = $1,231.15
票面利率高于市场利率,债券溢价发行。
10、 a. 半年期利率为 $60 / $1,000 = 0.06. 所以实际年利率为 1.062 - 1 = 0.1236 =
12.36%.
= $201.88
3
由于 NPV 大于 0,所以,应该购买该项资产。
22、
第二年末的价值为:$2,000
Α
20 0.08
=
$2,000
(9.8181)=
$19,636.20
再从第二年末折现到零时点:PV = $19,636.20 / 1.082 = $16,834.88
23、 NPV=-$12,800+$2,000 A10r=0 通过试错法,可以得出 r = 9.0648%
$10,000 / (1 + r) = $20,000 / (1 + r)5
(1 + r)4 = $20,000 / $10,000 = 2
1 + r = 1.18921
r = 0.18921 = 18.921%
16、 $1,000 (1.12)6 + $1,000 (1.12)5 + $1,000 (1.12)4 + $1,000 (1.12)3= $6,714.61
$ 8,000
$7,000
$ 88,000 19,000 6,000
$113,000 $128,000
11、
长期债务 优先股 普通股 留存收益 总计
一年前 $50,000,000 30,000,000 100,000,000 20,000,000 $200,000,000
现在 $50,000,000
$(5,000)
13、 a. 净营运资本变动额计算如下:
净营运资本来源 净利润 折旧 长期负债增加 总计
$100 50 75
$225
净营运资本使用 股利 固定资产增加* 总计
净营运资本变动额 *包括 $50 的折旧
$50 150 $200 $25
b. 企业所产生的现金流量 经营性现金流量 投资性现金流量(固定资产取 得) 净营运资本变动 总计 流向投资者的现金流量 负债 权益 总计
你拥有的股票数为 :$100,000 / $36.31 = 2,754(股)
12、
P = $1.15 (1.18) / 1.12 + $1.15 (1.182) / 1.122 + $1.152 (1.182) / 1.123 + {$1.152 (1.182) (1.06) / (0.12 - 0.06)} / 1.123
b.
P= $30
Α 12 0.06
+ $1,000 / 1.0612
= $748.48
c.
P= $30
Α 12 0.04
+ $1,000 / 1.0412
= $906.15
注:在 b 和 c 两题,我们假定收益曲线是平坦的. 也就是说 5 年期的收益率同样适用
于 6 年期收益率。
11、 P = $2 (0.72) / 1.15 + $4 (0.72) / 1.152 + $50 / 1.153 = $36.31
29、 在第 3 年到第 6 年可以用年金公式折现。
年份
现金流
折现因子
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