宜兴外国语学校第10周周末试卷20201106

宜兴外国语学校2020年初一数学月考练习卷

宜兴外国语学校初一数学第一次练习卷 2020.10本卷满分：120分考试时间：100分钟一．细心选一选（下面每题给出的四个选项中, 只有一个是正确的.每题3分，共30分） 1．如果向北走3m ，记作＋3m ，那么－10m 表示（） A ．向东走10m B ．向南走10m C ．向西走10m D ．向北走10m 2．下列各组数中，互为相反数的是 ( ) A ．2+与2- B ．2-+与(2)+- C ．(2)--与(2)++ D ．(3)--与3--3．下列结论正确的是 ( ) A ．有理数包括正数和负数B ．无限不循环小数叫做无理数C ．0除以任何数都得0D ．两个有理数的和一定大于每一个加数4．在211-，12，—20，0，()5--,－π中，负数的个数有（）A ．2个B ．3个C ．4个D ．5个5. 已知 a 与 b 互为相反数，则下列式子：①a ＋b ＝0，②a ＝﹣b ，③b ＝﹣a ，④a ＝b ，其中一定成立的是（） A ．1 个 B ．2 个 C ．3 个 D ．4 个6.表示的意义是（）A 、6个—5相乘的积B 、－5乘以6的积C 、5个—6相乘的积D 、6个—5相加的和 7. 若|x| = 2, |y| = 3,则|x+ y|的值为（） A. 5 B.-5 C.5 或1 D.以上都不对 8. 实数在数轴上的对应点的位置如图所示．若实数满足，则的值可以是 A. 2B. -1C. -2D. -3 （）9．一家商店一月份把某种商品按进货价提高60％出售，到三月份再声称以8折（80％）大拍卖，那么该商品三月份的价格比进货价（） A 、高12.8％ B 、低12.8％ C 、高40％ D 、高28％10.四个电子宠物排座位，一开始，小鼠、小猴、小兔、小猫分别坐在1、2、3、4号座位上（如图所示），以后它们不停地变换位置，第一次上下两排交换，第二次是在第一次换位后，再左右两列交换位置，第三次上下两排交换，第四次再左右两列交换…这样一直下去，则第2017次交换位置后，小兔子坐在（）号位上．A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．4二、耐心填一填（每空2分，共24分）11. —1.5的绝对值是；相反数是；倒数是 .12.平方是161的数是，立方是8-的数是． 13．比较大小：87-_______98-, －∣－5∣ －（－4）（填“>”、“<”或“=”）．14．若()0122=++-y x ，那么________．15．如果某台家用电冰箱冷藏室的温度是4℃，冷冻室的温度比冷藏室的温度低22℃，那么这台电冰箱冷冻室的温度为________℃．16．若a 是最小的自然数，b 是最大的负整数，c 是倒数等于它本身的数，则a+b+c=_______． 17. 用“⇒”与“⇐”表示一种法则：（a ⇒b ）＝﹣b ，（a ⇐b ）＝﹣a ，如（2⇒3）＝﹣3，则（2017⇒2018）⇐ （2016⇒2015）＝18．如图，周围棋子按下面的规律摆图形，则摆第99个图形需要围棋子枚。

宜兴外国语学校2015-2016年八年级上第10周试卷含答案解析

2015-2016学年江苏省无锡市宜兴外国语学校八年级（上）第10周周测数学试卷一、选择题1．下列各式、、、+1、中分式有（）A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个2．如果把分式中的a和b都扩大2倍，即分式的值（）A．扩大4倍 B．扩大2倍 C．不变 D．缩小2倍3．下列关系式中的y是x的反比例函数的个数（）①，②，③y=1﹣x，④xy=1，⑤y=2x﹣1，⑥．A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个4．下列分式中，属于最简分式的是（）A．B．C．D．5．下列各式从左到右的变形正确的是（）A． =B．C．D．6．已知abc≠0且a+b+c=0，则a（）+b（）+c（）的值为（）A．0 B．1 C．﹣1 D．﹣3二、填空题7．当x 时，分式有意义．当x 时，分式的值为0．8．已知y与2x+1成反比例，且当x=1时，y=2，那么当x=﹣2时，y= ．9．当m= 时，函数y=（m+1）是反比例函数．10．分式的最简公分母是；已知﹣=4，则= ．11．计算= ；如果，那么= ．12．如图1，平行四边形纸片ABCD的面积为120，AD=20，AB=18．今沿两对角线将四边形ABCD剪成甲、乙、丙、丁四个三角形纸片．若将甲、丙合并（AD、CB重合）形成对称图形戊，如图2所示，则图形戊的两条对角线长度之和是．三、解答题13．计算：（1）（2）﹣a﹣1，（3）（4）（1+）÷．14．先化简，再求值：（﹣）÷，其中x=3．15．先化简，再求值：（﹣）÷，选一个你认为合适的整数x代入求值．16．化简并求值：，其中（x+2）2+|y﹣3|=0．17．先化简，再求值：（1﹣）÷﹣，其中x满足x2﹣x﹣1=0．18．已知，求的值．2015-2016学年江苏省无锡市宜兴外国语学校八年级（上）第10周周测数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题1．下列各式、、、+1、中分式有（）A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个【考点】分式的定义．【分析】判断分式的依据是看分母中是否含有字母，如果含有字母则是分式，如果不含有字母则不是分式．【解答】解：、、的分母中均不含有字母，因此它们是整式，而不是分式．、+1分母中含有字母，因此是分式．故选：A．【点评】本题主要考查分式的定义，注意π不是字母，是常数，所以不是分式，是整式．2．如果把分式中的a和b都扩大2倍，即分式的值（）A．扩大4倍 B．扩大2倍 C．不变 D．缩小2倍【考点】分式的基本性质．【分析】依据分式的基本性质进行变化，分子分母上同时乘以或除以同一个非0的数或式子，分式的值不变．【解答】解：分式中的a和b都扩大2倍，得分式的值缩小2倍，故选：D．【点评】本题考查了分式的基本性质．在分式中，无论进行何种运算，如果要不改变分式的值，则所做变化必须遵循分式基本性质的要求．3．下列关系式中的y是x的反比例函数的个数（）①，②，③y=1﹣x，④xy=1，⑤y=2x﹣1，⑥．A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个【考点】反比例函数的定义．【分析】此题应根据反比例函数的定义，解析式符合y=（k≠0）的形式为反比例函数．【解答】解：y是x的反比例函数的是①，②，④xy=1，⑤y=2x﹣1．故选C．【点评】本题考查了反比例函数的定义，反比例函数解析式的一般式y=（k≠0），特别注意不要忽略k≠0这个条件．4．下列分式中，属于最简分式的是（）A．B．C．D．【考点】最简分式．【分析】最简分式的标准是分子，分母中不含有公因式，不能再约分．判断的方法是把分子、分母分解因式，并且观察有无互为相反数的因式，这样的因式可以通过符号变化化为相同的因式从而进行约分．【解答】解：A、=，故A选项错误．B、是最简分式，不能化简，故B选项，C、=，能进行化简，故C选项错误．D、=﹣1，故D选项错误．故选B．【点评】本题主要考查了最简分式的概念，解题时要注意对分式进行化简．5．下列各式从左到右的变形正确的是（）A． =B．C．D．【考点】分式的基本性质．【分析】依据分式的基本性质进行变化，分子分母上同时乘以或除以同一个非0的数或式子，分式的值不变．【解答】解：A、a扩展了10倍，a2没有扩展，故A错误；B、符号变化错误，分子上应为﹣x﹣1，故B错误；C、正确；D、约分后符号有误，应为b﹣a，故D错误．故选C．【点评】本题考查了分式的基本性质．在分式中，无论进行何种运算，如果要不改变分式的值，则所做变化必须遵循分式基本性质的要求．6．已知abc≠0且a+b+c=0，则a（）+b（）+c（）的值为（）A．0 B．1 C．﹣1 D．﹣3【考点】分式的化简求值．【专题】计算题．【分析】先利用乘法的分配律得到原式=+++++，再把同分母相加，然后根据abc≠0且a+b+c=0得到a+c=﹣b，b+c=﹣a，a+b=﹣c，把它们代入即可得到原式的值．【解答】解：原式=+++++=++∵abc≠0且a+b+c=0，∴a+c=﹣b，b+c=﹣a，a+b=﹣c，∴原式=﹣1﹣1﹣1=﹣3．故选D．【点评】本题考查了分式的化简求值：先把分式根据已知条件进行变形，然后利用整体代入的方法进行化简、求值．二、填空题7．当x ≠3 时，分式有意义．当x =2 时，分式的值为0．【考点】分式的值为零的条件；分式有意义的条件．【分析】分式有意义时，分母不等于零；分式的值为零时，分子等于零且分母不等于零，据此解题．【解答】解：依题意得：x﹣3≠0即x≠3时，分式有意义．当x2﹣4=0且x+2≠0时，分式的值为0．解得x=2．故答案是：≠3；=2．【点评】本题考查了分式的值为零的条件和分式有意义的条件．注意：“分母不为零”这个条件不能少．8．已知y与2x+1成反比例，且当x=1时，y=2，那么当x=﹣2时，y= ﹣2 ．【考点】待定系数法求反比例函数解析式．【分析】设y=，把x=1，y=2代入即可求得k的值，求得函数的解析式，然后把x=﹣2代入求解．【解答】解：设y=，把x=1，y=2代入得： =2，解得：k=6，则函数的解析式是：y=，把x=﹣2代入得：y==﹣2．故答案是：﹣2．【点评】本题考查了待定系数法求函数解析式，考查的是用待定系数法求反比例函数的解析式，是中学阶段的重点．9．当m= 1 时，函数y=（m+1）是反比例函数．【考点】反比例函数的定义．【分析】根据反比例函数的定义．即y=（k ≠0），只需令m 2﹣2=﹣1、m+1≠0即可．【解答】解：根据题意，得m 2﹣2=﹣1且m+1≠0，解得m=±1且m ≠﹣1，∴m=1．故答案为：m=1．【点评】本题主要考查反比例函数的定义，熟记定义和定义的条件是解本题的关键．10．分式的最简公分母是 ﹣2（m+2）（m ﹣2）；已知﹣=4，则=．【考点】分式的加减法；最简公分母．【分析】先将各分母分解因式，然后确定最简公分母；由﹣=4可得x ﹣y=﹣4xy ，整体代入即可求得．【解答】解：∵m 2﹣4=（m+2）（m ﹣2）4﹣2m=﹣2m+4=﹣2（m ﹣2）∴最简公分母为：﹣2（m+2）（m ﹣2）；∵﹣=4，即=4，∴x ﹣y=﹣4xy ，则====，故答案为：﹣2（m+2）（m﹣2），．【点评】本题主要考查最简公分母和分式的加减法，熟练掌握最简公分母的定义和分式的运算法则及整体代入思想是解题的关键．11．计算= ﹣；如果，那么= 3 ．【考点】分式的化简求值．【分析】利用分式的性质即可求出答案．【解答】解：原式=﹣；∵=，∴（b﹣a）2=ab，∴b2﹣2ab+a2=ab，∴a2+b2=3ab，∴===3，；故答案为：﹣，3．【点评】本题考查分式化简求值问题，涉及完全平方公式，分式的基本性质等知识，属于基础题型．12．如图1，平行四边形纸片ABCD的面积为120，AD=20，AB=18．今沿两对角线将四边形ABCD剪成甲、乙、丙、丁四个三角形纸片．若将甲、丙合并（AD、CB重合）形成对称图形戊，如图2所示，则图形戊的两条对角线长度之和是26 ．【考点】平行四边形的性质．【专题】计算题．【分析】由题意可得对角线EF⊥AD，且EF与平行四边形的高相等，进而利用面积与边的关系求出BC边的高即可．【解答】解：如图，则可得对角线EF⊥AD，且EF与平行四边形的高相等．∵平行四边形纸片ABCD的面积为120，AD=20，∴EF==3，∴EF=6，又BC=20，∴对角线之和为20+6=26，故答案为：26．【点评】本题主要考查平行四边形的性质以及图形的对称问题，应熟练掌握．三、解答题13．计算：（1）（2）﹣a﹣1，（3）（4）（1+）÷．【考点】分式的混合运算．【分析】（1）先分解因式，再将除法化成乘法，进行约分；（2）把﹣a﹣1变为﹣，再进行通分；（3）先计算括号里的，再将除法化成乘法，进行约分；（4）先计算括号里的，再将除法化成乘法，分解因式，最后再约分．【解答】解：（1），=•，=；（2）﹣a﹣1，=﹣，=，=；（3），=÷，=•，=；（4）（1+）÷，=•，=•，=x﹣1．【点评】本题考查了分式的混合运算，分解因式是基础；注意运算顺序，有括号的要先计算括号里的，约分前要先分解因式；分式的混合运算，一般按常规运算顺序，但有时应先根据题目的特点，运用乘法的运算律运算，会简化运算过程．14．先化简，再求值：（﹣）÷，其中x=3．【考点】分式的化简求值；约分；分式的乘除法；分式的加减法．【专题】计算题．【分析】先根据分式的加减法则算括号里面的，同时把除法变成乘法，再进行约分，最后把x=3代入求出即可．【解答】解：原式=[﹣]÷，=×，=×，=，当x=3时，原式==1．【点评】本题综合考查了分式的加减法则、乘除法则，约分等知识点的应用，关键是考查学生的运算能力，培养学生的解决问题的能力，题目比较典型，是一道很好的题目．15．先化简，再求值：（﹣）÷，选一个你认为合适的整数x代入求值．【考点】分式的化简求值．【分析】首先对括号内的分式进行通分相减，然后把除法转化为乘法运算，进行化简，最后代入数值计算即可．【解答】解：原式=【﹣】•=•=，当x=0时，原式=﹣1．【点评】考查了分式的化简求值，注意：取喜爱的数代入求值时，要特注意原式及化简过程中的每一步都有意义．如果取x=1或﹣1或﹣2时，则原式没有意义，因此在本题中是不允许的．16．化简并求值：，其中（x+2）2+|y﹣3|=0．【考点】分式的化简求值；非负数的性质：绝对值；非负数的性质：偶次方．【分析】根据绝对值和偶次方的性质求出x，y的值，再把分式的值化到最简，代值计算即可．【解答】解：∵（x+2）2+|y﹣3|=0，∴x=﹣2，y=3，∴=﹣=，把x=﹣2，y=3代入上式得；原式==．【点评】此题考查了分式的化简求值，用到的知识点是非负数的性质、平方差公式和完全平方公式，关键是根据公式把分式的值化到最简再代值．17．先化简，再求值：（1﹣）÷﹣，其中x满足x2﹣x﹣1=0．【考点】分式的化简求值．【分析】原式第一项括号中两项通分并利用同分母分式的减法法则计算，同时利用除法法则变形，约分后，两项通分并利用同分母分式的减法法则计算得到最简结果，已知方程变形后代入计算即可求出值．【解答】解：原式=•﹣=•﹣=x﹣=，∵x2﹣x﹣1=0，∴x2=x+1，则原式=1．【点评】此题考查了分式的化简求值，熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键．18．已知，求的值．【考点】分式的值．【专题】计算题．【分析】我们可将前面式子变式为x2+1=3x，再将后面式子的分母变式为的形式从而求出值．【解答】解：将两边同时乘以x，得x2+1=3x，===．【点评】本题考查的是分式的值，解题关键是用到了整体代入的思想．。

最新宜兴外国语学校-八年级上第10周试卷含答案解析.doc

2015-2016学年江苏省无锡市宜兴外国语学校八年级（上）第10周周测数学试卷一、选择题1．下列各式、、、+1、中分式有（）A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个2．如果把分式中的a和b都扩大2倍，即分式的值（）A．扩大4倍 B．扩大2倍 C．不变 D．缩小2倍3．下列关系式中的y是x的反比例函数的个数（）①，②，③y=1﹣x，④xy=1，⑤y=2x﹣1，⑥．A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个4．下列分式中，属于最简分式的是（）A．B．C．D．5．下列各式从左到右的变形正确的是（）A． =B．C．D．6．已知abc≠0且a+b+c=0，则a（）+b（）+c（）的值为（）A．0 B．1 C．﹣1 D．﹣3二、填空题7．当x 时，分式有意义．当x 时，分式的值为0．8．已知y与2x+1成反比例，且当x=1时，y=2，那么当x=﹣2时，y= ．9．当m= 时，函数y=（m+1）是反比例函数．10．分式的最简公分母是；已知﹣=4，则= ．11．计算= ；如果，那么= ．12．如图1，平行四边形纸片ABCD的面积为120，AD=20，AB=18．今沿两对角线将四边形ABCD剪成甲、乙、丙、丁四个三角形纸片．若将甲、丙合并（AD、CB重合）形成对称图形戊，如图2所示，则图形戊的两条对角线长度之和是．三、解答题13．计算：（1）（2）﹣a﹣1，（3）（4）（1+）÷．14．先化简，再求值：（﹣）÷，其中x=3．15．先化简，再求值：（﹣）÷，选一个你认为合适的整数x代入求值．16．化简并求值：，其中（x+2）2+|y﹣3|=0．17．先化简，再求值：（1﹣）÷﹣，其中x满足x2﹣x﹣1=0．18．已知，求的值．2015-2016学年江苏省无锡市宜兴外国语学校八年级（上）第10周周测数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题1．下列各式、、、+1、中分式有（）A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个【考点】分式的定义．【分析】判断分式的依据是看分母中是否含有字母，如果含有字母则是分式，如果不含有字母则不是分式．【解答】解：、、的分母中均不含有字母，因此它们是整式，而不是分式．、+1分母中含有字母，因此是分式．故选：A．【点评】本题主要考查分式的定义，注意π不是字母，是常数，所以不是分式，是整式．2．如果把分式中的a和b都扩大2倍，即分式的值（）A．扩大4倍 B．扩大2倍 C．不变 D．缩小2倍【考点】分式的基本性质．【分析】依据分式的基本性质进行变化，分子分母上同时乘以或除以同一个非0的数或式子，分式的值不变．【解答】解：分式中的a和b都扩大2倍，得分式的值缩小2倍，故选：D．【点评】本题考查了分式的基本性质．在分式中，无论进行何种运算，如果要不改变分式的值，则所做变化必须遵循分式基本性质的要求．3．下列关系式中的y是x的反比例函数的个数（）①，②，③y=1﹣x，④xy=1，⑤y=2x﹣1，⑥．A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个【考点】反比例函数的定义．【分析】此题应根据反比例函数的定义，解析式符合y=（k≠0）的形式为反比例函数．【解答】解：y是x的反比例函数的是①，②，④xy=1，⑤y=2x﹣1．故选C．【点评】本题考查了反比例函数的定义，反比例函数解析式的一般式y=（k≠0），特别注意不要忽略k≠0这个条件．4．下列分式中，属于最简分式的是（）A．B．C．D．【考点】最简分式．【分析】最简分式的标准是分子，分母中不含有公因式，不能再约分．判断的方法是把分子、分母分解因式，并且观察有无互为相反数的因式，这样的因式可以通过符号变化化为相同的因式从而进行约分．【解答】解：A、=，故A选项错误．B、是最简分式，不能化简，故B选项，C、=，能进行化简，故C选项错误．D、=﹣1，故D选项错误．故选B．【点评】本题主要考查了最简分式的概念，解题时要注意对分式进行化简．5．下列各式从左到右的变形正确的是（）A． =B．C．D．【考点】分式的基本性质．【分析】依据分式的基本性质进行变化，分子分母上同时乘以或除以同一个非0的数或式子，分式的值不变．【解答】解：A、a扩展了10倍，a2没有扩展，故A错误；B、符号变化错误，分子上应为﹣x﹣1，故B错误；C、正确；D、约分后符号有误，应为b﹣a，故D错误．故选C．【点评】本题考查了分式的基本性质．在分式中，无论进行何种运算，如果要不改变分式的值，则所做变化必须遵循分式基本性质的要求．6．已知abc≠0且a+b+c=0，则a（）+b（）+c（）的值为（）A．0 B．1 C．﹣1 D．﹣3【考点】分式的化简求值．【专题】计算题．【分析】先利用乘法的分配律得到原式=+++++，再把同分母相加，然后根据abc≠0且a+b+c=0得到a+c=﹣b，b+c=﹣a，a+b=﹣c，把它们代入即可得到原式的值．【解答】解：原式=+++++=++∵abc≠0且a+b+c=0，∴a+c=﹣b，b+c=﹣a，a+b=﹣c，∴原式=﹣1﹣1﹣1=﹣3．故选D．【点评】本题考查了分式的化简求值：先把分式根据已知条件进行变形，然后利用整体代入的方法进行化简、求值．二、填空题7．当x ≠3 时，分式有意义．当x =2 时，分式的值为0．【考点】分式的值为零的条件；分式有意义的条件．【分析】分式有意义时，分母不等于零；分式的值为零时，分子等于零且分母不等于零，据此解题．【解答】解：依题意得：x﹣3≠0即x≠3时，分式有意义．当x2﹣4=0且x+2≠0时，分式的值为0．解得x=2．故答案是：≠3；=2．【点评】本题考查了分式的值为零的条件和分式有意义的条件．注意：“分母不为零”这个条件不能少．8．已知y与2x+1成反比例，且当x=1时，y=2，那么当x=﹣2时，y= ﹣2 ．【考点】待定系数法求反比例函数解析式．【分析】设y=，把x=1，y=2代入即可求得k的值，求得函数的解析式，然后把x=﹣2代入求解．【解答】解：设y=，把x=1，y=2代入得： =2，解得：k=6，则函数的解析式是：y=，把x=﹣2代入得：y==﹣2．故答案是：﹣2．【点评】本题考查了待定系数法求函数解析式，考查的是用待定系数法求反比例函数的解析式，是中学阶段的重点．9．当m= 1 时，函数y=（m+1）是反比例函数．【考点】反比例函数的定义．【分析】根据反比例函数的定义．即y=（k ≠0），只需令m 2﹣2=﹣1、m+1≠0即可．【解答】解：根据题意，得m 2﹣2=﹣1且m+1≠0，解得m=±1且m ≠﹣1，∴m=1．故答案为：m=1．【点评】本题主要考查反比例函数的定义，熟记定义和定义的条件是解本题的关键．10．分式的最简公分母是 ﹣2（m+2）（m ﹣2）；已知﹣=4，则=．【考点】分式的加减法；最简公分母．【分析】先将各分母分解因式，然后确定最简公分母；由﹣=4可得x ﹣y=﹣4xy ，整体代入即可求得．【解答】解：∵m 2﹣4=（m+2）（m ﹣2）4﹣2m=﹣2m+4=﹣2（m ﹣2）∴最简公分母为：﹣2（m+2）（m ﹣2）；∵﹣=4，即=4，∴x ﹣y=﹣4xy ，则====，故答案为：﹣2（m+2）（m﹣2），．【点评】本题主要考查最简公分母和分式的加减法，熟练掌握最简公分母的定义和分式的运算法则及整体代入思想是解题的关键．11．计算= ﹣；如果，那么= 3 ．【考点】分式的化简求值．【分析】利用分式的性质即可求出答案．【解答】解：原式=﹣；∵=，∴（b﹣a）2=ab，∴b2﹣2ab+a2=ab，∴a2+b2=3ab，∴===3，；故答案为：﹣，3．【点评】本题考查分式化简求值问题，涉及完全平方公式，分式的基本性质等知识，属于基础题型．12．如图1，平行四边形纸片ABCD的面积为120，AD=20，AB=18．今沿两对角线将四边形ABCD剪成甲、乙、丙、丁四个三角形纸片．若将甲、丙合并（AD、CB重合）形成对称图形戊，如图2所示，则图形戊的两条对角线长度之和是26 ．【考点】平行四边形的性质．【专题】计算题．【分析】由题意可得对角线EF⊥AD，且EF与平行四边形的高相等，进而利用面积与边的关系求出BC边的高即可．【解答】解：如图，则可得对角线EF⊥AD，且EF与平行四边形的高相等．∵平行四边形纸片ABCD的面积为120，AD=20，∴EF==3，∴EF=6，又BC=20，∴对角线之和为20+6=26，故答案为：26．【点评】本题主要考查平行四边形的性质以及图形的对称问题，应熟练掌握．三、解答题13．计算：（1）（2）﹣a﹣1，（3）（4）（1+）÷．【考点】分式的混合运算．【分析】（1）先分解因式，再将除法化成乘法，进行约分；（2）把﹣a﹣1变为﹣，再进行通分；（3）先计算括号里的，再将除法化成乘法，进行约分；（4）先计算括号里的，再将除法化成乘法，分解因式，最后再约分．【解答】解：（1），=•，=；（2）﹣a﹣1，=﹣，=，=；（3），=÷，=•，=；（4）（1+）÷，=•，=•，=x﹣1．【点评】本题考查了分式的混合运算，分解因式是基础；注意运算顺序，有括号的要先计算括号里的，约分前要先分解因式；分式的混合运算，一般按常规运算顺序，但有时应先根据题目的特点，运用乘法的运算律运算，会简化运算过程．14．先化简，再求值：（﹣）÷，其中x=3．【考点】分式的化简求值；约分；分式的乘除法；分式的加减法．【专题】计算题．【分析】先根据分式的加减法则算括号里面的，同时把除法变成乘法，再进行约分，最后把x=3代入求出即可．【解答】解：原式=[﹣]÷，=×，=×，=，当x=3时，原式==1．【点评】本题综合考查了分式的加减法则、乘除法则，约分等知识点的应用，关键是考查学生的运算能力，培养学生的解决问题的能力，题目比较典型，是一道很好的题目．15．先化简，再求值：（﹣）÷，选一个你认为合适的整数x代入求值．【考点】分式的化简求值．【分析】首先对括号内的分式进行通分相减，然后把除法转化为乘法运算，进行化简，最后代入数值计算即可．【解答】解：原式=【﹣】•=•=，当x=0时，原式=﹣1．【点评】考查了分式的化简求值，注意：取喜爱的数代入求值时，要特注意原式及化简过程中的每一步都有意义．如果取x=1或﹣1或﹣2时，则原式没有意义，因此在本题中是不允许的．16．化简并求值：，其中（x+2）2+|y﹣3|=0．【考点】分式的化简求值；非负数的性质：绝对值；非负数的性质：偶次方．【分析】根据绝对值和偶次方的性质求出x，y的值，再把分式的值化到最简，代值计算即可．【解答】解：∵（x+2）2+|y﹣3|=0，∴x=﹣2，y=3，∴=﹣=，把x=﹣2，y=3代入上式得；原式==．【点评】此题考查了分式的化简求值，用到的知识点是非负数的性质、平方差公式和完全平方公式，关键是根据公式把分式的值化到最简再代值．17．先化简，再求值：（1﹣）÷﹣，其中x满足x2﹣x﹣1=0．【考点】分式的化简求值．【分析】原式第一项括号中两项通分并利用同分母分式的减法法则计算，同时利用除法法则变形，约分后，两项通分并利用同分母分式的减法法则计算得到最简结果，已知方程变形后代入计算即可求出值．【解答】解：原式=•﹣=•﹣=x﹣=，∵x2﹣x﹣1=0，∴x2=x+1，则原式=1．【点评】此题考查了分式的化简求值，熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键．18．已知，求的值．【考点】分式的值．【专题】计算题．【分析】我们可将前面式子变式为x2+1=3x，再将后面式子的分母变式为的形式从而求出值．【解答】解：将两边同时乘以x，得x2+1=3x，===．【点评】本题考查的是分式的值，解题关键是用到了整体代入的思想．。

宜兴外国语学校2020年初一数学月考练习卷

宜兴外国语学校初一数学第一次练习卷 2020.10本卷满分：120分考试时间：100分钟一．细心选一选（下面每题给出的四个选项中, 只有一个是正确的.每题3分，共30分）1．如果向北走3m ，记作＋3m ，那么－10m 表示（）A ．向东走10mB ．向南走10mC ．向西走10mD ．向北走10m2．下列各组数中，互为相反数的是 ( )A ．2+与2-B ．2-+与(2)+-C ．(2)--与(2)++D ．(3)--与3--3．下列结论正确的是 ( )A ．有理数包括正数和负数B ．无限不循环小数叫做无理数C ．0除以任何数都得0D ．两个有理数的和一定大于每一个加数4．在211-，12，—20，0，()5--,－π中，负数的个数有（） A ．2个 B ．3个 C ．4个 D ．5个5. 已知 a 与 b 互为相反数，则下列式子：①a ＋b ＝0，②a ＝﹣b ，③b ＝﹣a ，④a ＝b ，其中一定成立的是（） A ．1 个 B ．2 个 C ．3 个 D ．4 个6. 表示的意义是（） A 、6个—5相乘的积 B 、－5乘以6的积 C 、5个—6相乘的积 D 、6个—5相加的和7. 若|x| = 2, |y| = 3,则|x+ y|的值为（）A. 5B.-5C.5 或1D.以上都不对8. 实数在数轴上的对应点的位置如图所示．若实数满足，则的值可以是A. 2B. -1C. -2D. -3 （）9．一家商店一月份把某种商品按进货价提高60％出售，到三月份再声称以8折（80％）大拍卖，那么该商品三月份的价格比进货价（） A 、高12.8％ B 、低12.8％ C 、高40％ D 、高28％10.四个电子宠物排座位，一开始，小鼠、小猴、小兔、小猫分别坐在1、2、3、4号座位上（如图所示），以后它们不停地变换位置，第一次上下两排交换，第二次是在第一次换位后，再左右两列交换位置，第三次上下两排交换，第四次再左右两列交换…这样一直下去，则第2017次交换位置后，小兔子坐在（）号位上．A ．1B ．2C ．3D ．4二、耐心填一填（每空2分，共24分）11. —1.5的绝对值是；相反数是；倒数是 . 113．比较大小：87-_______98-, －∣－5∣ －（－4）（填“>”、“<”或“=”）． 14．若()0122=++-y x ，那么________．15．如果某台家用电冰箱冷藏室的温度是4℃，冷冻室的温度比冷藏室的温度低22℃，那么这台电冰箱冷冻室的温度为________℃．16．若a 是最小的自然数，b 是最大的负整数，c 是倒数等于它本身的数，则a+b+c=_______． 17. 用“⇒”与“⇐”表示一种法则：（a ⇒b ）＝﹣b ，（a ⇐b ）＝﹣a ，如（2⇒3）＝﹣3，则（2017⇒2018）⇐ （2016⇒2015）＝18．如图，周围棋子按下面的规律摆图形，则摆第99个图形需要围棋子枚。

2020年宜兴外国语10月考试初二数学

初二数学练习（2020 年10月）审核：初二数学组本卷满分：120 考试时间：100分钟一、精心选一选（本大题共10小题，每题3分，共30分）1．下列图形中不是轴对称图形的是（）A．B．C．D．2．如图，下列条件中，不能说明△ABD≌△ACD的是（）（2）A．BD＝DC，AB＝AC B．∠ADB＝∠ADC，BD＝DCC．∠B＝∠C，BD＝DC D．∠B＝∠C，∠BAD＝∠CAD3．如图，一扇窗户打开后，用窗钩AB可将其固定，这里所运用的几何原理是( ）A．三角形的稳定性B．两点之间线段最短C．两点确定一条直线D．垂线段最短4．到三角形三边的距离都相等的点是三角形的（）A．三条角平分线的交点B．三条边的中线的交点C．三条高的交点D．三条边的垂直平分线的交点5.等腰三角形的顶角等于80o，则它的底角是( )A、80oB、50oC、40oD、80o或50o（3）（6）（7）（8）（10）6．如图，△ABC中，∠B＝90°，ED是AC的垂直平分线，交AC于点D，交BC于点E．已知∠C＝38°，则∠BAE的度数为（）A．13°B．14°C．15°D．16°7．如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠ACB=90°，CD⊥AB于D，CE平分∠ACD交AB于E，则下列结论一定成立的是（）A．BC=EC B．EC=BE C．BC=BE D．AE=EC8.如图，点O为△ABC内部一点，OB=4，分别作点0关于AB、BC的对称点P、Q，则PQ的长为（）A．PQ﹥8 B．PQ﹤8 C．PQ≤8 D．4＜PQ＜89．将一正方形纸片按下列顺序折叠，将最后折叠的纸片沿虚线剪去上方的小三角形．再将纸片展开，得到的图形是（）A．B．C．D．10．如图，点P是∠AOB外的一点，点M，N分别是∠AOB两边上的点，点P关于OA的对称点Q恰好ABE CD落在线段MN上，点P关于OB的对称点R落在MN的延长线上．若PM=3cm，PN=4cm，MN=4.5cm，则线段QR的长为（）A. 4.5 B. 5.5 C. 6.5 D. 7二、仔细填一填(本大题共8小题，每空3分，共24分)11．在“线段、圆、等边三角形、正方形、角”这五个图形中，对称轴最多的图形是12.如图，△ABC≌△DEF，则EF=13．已知等腰三角形的两边长为3和6，则它的周长为___________（12）（14）（15）（16）14．如图，∠ADB=∠ABC=90°，∠DAB=∠BAC，BD=6，P为AC上一点，则BP的最小值为___________ 15．在4×4正方形网格中，已有3个小方格涂黑,要从13个白色小方格中选出一个也涂黑,使所有黑色部分组成的图形为轴对称图形，这样的白色小方格有个.16.如图，已知在△ABC中，CD是AB边上的高线，BE平分∠ABC，交CD于点E，BC=5，DE=2，则△BCE的面积等于17．如果三角形的两个内角α与β满足2α+β=90°，那么我们称这样的三角形为“准互余三角形”．若△ABC是“准互余三角形”，∠C＞90°，∠A=60°，则∠B= °18．如图，∠BAP=30°，AB=10，点C是射线AP上一动点，当BC的值为__________时，△ABC是唯一确定的。

江苏省宜兴外国语学校初一上学期国庆假期作业数学试卷

宜兴外国语学校初一数学国庆假期作业得分一、选择题（本大题 8个小题，每小题 2分，共 16分）1．有一种记分方法：以80分为基准，85分记为＋5分，某同学得77分，则应记为（）A ．＋3分 B.－3分 C.＋7分 D.－7分2．甲、乙、丙三地的海拔高度分别为20m 、－15m 和－10m ，那么最高的地点比最低的地点高 ( )A. 5mB. 10mC. 25mD. 35m3. 下列说法正确的个数( )①一个有理数不是整数确实是分数 ②一个有理数不是正数确实是负数③一个整数不是正的，确实是负的 ④一个分数不是正的，确实是负的A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 44.下列运算正确的 ( )A .1)7275(7275-=+-=+- B .－7－2×5=－9×5=－45C . 3÷3135445=÷=⨯ D .－(-3)2=-95.在－||―2，||―()－2，－()＋2，⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛--21，＋()－2，2)3(--，22-中，负数有……（） A ．2个 B ．3个 C ．4个 D ．5个6．如图数轴上的两点分别表示有理数a 、b,下列式子中不正确的（）A. a + b < 0B. a –b < 0C. （－a ）＋b ＞ 0D. b > a7．细胞每分裂一次，1个细胞变成2个细胞．洋葱根尖细胞每分裂一次间隔的时刻为12小时，那么原有2个洋葱根尖细胞经3昼夜变（）A ．62个B ．122个C ．72个D ．142个8.如图1，圆的周长为4个单位，在该圆的4等分点处分别标上字母m 、n 、p 、q ，如图2，先让圆周上表示m 的点与数轴原点重合，再将数轴按逆时针方向围绕在该圆上，则数轴上表示-2021的点与圆周上重合的点对应的字母是（）A.mB.nC.pD.q二、填空（本大题10个小题，1-3每空1分，其余每空2分，共22分）1. 0.2-的倒数是________；23-的相反数是___________；绝对值等于4的数是 .2. 比较大小：－2 ____0 , －6 ____ -7 ，－54 －65.(填“>”或“<”)3．比—3大的负整数是；比3小的非负整数是 .4．把式子（﹣8）+（﹣10）﹣（﹣2）﹣（+7）写成省略括号的形式为．5. 数轴上与2-那个点的距离等于6个单位长度的点所表示的数是 .6．已知a =3，b =2，且ab ＜0，则a b -= .7．如图是一数值转换机，若输入的数为－4，则输出的结果为__________8．假如m 、n 互为相反数，x 、y 互为倒数，且m 、n 均不为0，那么()=+-+xy nm n m xy 5________ 9．小明的爸爸买了一种股票，每股8元，下表记录了在一周内该股票的涨跌情形：星期一二三四五股票涨跌/元 0.2 0.35 ﹣0.45 ﹣0.4 0.5 （注：用正数记股票价格比前一日上升数，用负数记股票价格比前一日下降数）该股票这星期中最高价格是元．10次见面通常以握手示礼，适当的握手时刻与力度会让人有一种舒服亲切的感受．某次联谊会有41人参加，若41位与会人员彼此握手一次，那么全体与会人员共握手次．假如有n 个人参加，那么全体与会人员共握手次．三、运算（本大题共12小题，每题3分，共36分）1. -20+（-14）-（-18）2.3520(4)-⨯+÷-3． )36()436597(-⨯+- 4. )12(242339-⨯ (用简便方法运算)5. 42000223(1)(2)-+⨯---6. －1 2021×[（－2）5－32－)71(145-÷] 7、[]24)3(231)5.01(1--⨯⨯--- 8、要练说，得练听。

2020届无锡市宜兴外国语学校高三英语期末试卷及答案解析

2020届无锡市宜兴外国语学校高三英语期末试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ACharlie Thorne and the Last Equationby Stuart GibbsThe CIA is on a task to find an equation (方程式) called Pandora, which could destroy the world if the wrong people get it. For help, they turn to Charlie, a 12-year-old girl who's as smart as Albert Einstein. People who like action-packed mysteries will enjoy reading this exciting book.AstroNutsby Jon Scieszka and Steven WeinbergIn AstroNuts, the Earth has been destroyed by humans for thousands of years. Four animals set out from Mount Rushmore, the headquarters (总部) of NNASA. Their task is to find a new planet fit for human life. Finally, they discover one: Plant Planet. The story's theme (主题) is simple: Don't harm the planet. Readers who love fantasy will enjoy AstroNuts.Stargazingby Jen WangChristine hears that Moon, who's new in town, is the kind of kid who beats people up for fun. But Moon and her mum come to live with Christine's family, and the two kids become best friends. Moon even shares a big secret with Christine. Stargazing is based on author Jen Wang's experiences as a child. The story is about the power of friendship and how people are able to change.Roll with Itby Jamie SumnerRoll with It is a story about a 12-year-old girl named Ellie. She has difficulty walking on her own and uses a wheelchair. When Ellie and her mum move to another state to take care of Ellie's grandpa, she must learn to navigate (处理) a new school and new friendships. This page-turner is a must-read for everyone. It's a heartwarming story that really shows the value of familyand how being different is special.1. Which book tells readers to protect the place we live in?A.AstroNutsB.Stargazing.C.Roll with It.D.Charlie Thorne and the Last Equation.2. What makes Stargazing different from the other three books?A. It talks about friendship.B. It tells stories about animals.C. It contains lots of scientific knowledge.D. It was written according to the author's experiences.3. What happened to Ellie?A. She had difficulty in making friends.B. She had an accident which left her in a wheelchair.C. She went to a new school and had to start all over again.D. She lost her mum and was taken care of by her grandpa.BWhy doesHaitiso tend to have fatal earthquakes? Earthquakes have been causing huge damage inHaitisince at least the 18th century. The capital city has been destroyed twice in 19 years. The 21st century has beenno more kind.The Earth’s outer shell is made tip of tectonic plates (构造板块) that move.Haitisits near the crossing of two tectonic plaits that make up the Earth’s outer shell. Earthquakes can occur when those plates move against each other and create friction (摩擦力).Haitiis also overpopulated. Plus, many of its buildings are designed to resist hurricanes but not earthquakes. Those buildings can survive strong winds bat are easy to fail down when the ground shrikes. Poor building practices can also play arole.“I think it’s important to recognize that there’s no such thing as a natural disaster,” said Wendy Bohon, a geologist. “What you have is a natural disaster that comes with a weak architecture system. We do know that earthquakes like this can cause huge damage because ofthefault,” said Wendy. “And it’s quite a significant risk in places that don’t have the construction practices to resist the shaking.”Construction of more earthquake-resistant buildings remains a challenge inHaiti, which is the poorest nation in theWestern Hemisphere. “While there have been some success stories of Haitians building more earthquake-resistant structures, the country has lacked a centralized effort to do so,” said Mark Schuller, aprofessor of anthropology and nonprofit and NGO studies atNorthernIllinoisUniversity.Haiti’s government has become increasingly weak, while non-governmental organizations only focus on their own projects.“There is technical knowledge inHaiti, There are trained architects. There are cityplanners. That’s not the problem,” Schuller said. “The problem is a lack of funding for coordination (协调), and lack of political will from donors to organizations providing aid.”4. Which factor causing the huge damage is highlighted?A. Its overpopulation.B. Its weak government.C. Its geographical location.D. Its weak architecture system.5. What does the underlined part “the fault” in paragraph 4 refer to?A Lacking political will to provide aid.B. Lacking hurricane-resistant; buildings.C. Lacking earthquake-resistant buildings.D. Sitting on the crossing of two tectonic plates.6. What’s Schuller’s attitude towardsHaiti’s government?A Supportive. B. Critical.C. Indifferent.D. Interested.7. Which of the following can be a problem according tothe last paragraph?A. Fund and will.B. Skilled architects.C. Urban designers.D. Technology and money.CHave you ever thrown a camel? Camels are large and heavy animals so it would be hard to throw. But in the French-speaking Democratic Republic ofthe Congo, “to throw a camel” is a way of saying “to make a spelling mistake”.In the past, a phrase like that was not accepted by the French government as an official French term. But recently, the French Ministry of Culture worked on a new kind of dictionary that accepts the idea that many people outside of France speak the language. The language has changed over time and is different in places like Ivory Coast in West Africa or Quebec in Cana-da, compared to how it is in ParisA new online dictionary, called the French speakers’ dictionary, includes new French words from around the world. It was released on March 18—just in time for International French Speaker’s Day on March 20.Supporters say the new Internet dictionary is more democratic than earlier French dictionaries that onlyshowed the way highly educated French people spoke. The new dictionary includes unofficial words like “pourriel”, which means an unwanted email if you are in Canada. It is a word based on “courriel”, which just means an email.French President Emmanuel Macron proposed the idea of the dictionary in 2018. It now contains about 600.000 terms, Roselyne Bachelot is the French Culture Minister. She said the dictionary is not just for France's 67 million citizens, but for the 300 million French speakers worldwide.The aim, supporters say, is to recognize the way language changes. Words and expressions included in the dictionary come from over 50 countries—even from the United States Some people in the southern U. S. state of Louisiana speak French.People can see the dictionary on a website or with an app. Users can also send in new words they think should be included. Official dictionaries produced by the French Academy in Paris were first published hundreds of years ago and are regularly updated.8. What do we mean if we say a man “throws a camel” in French?A. He talks big.B. He is very strong.C. He makes a joke.D. He misspells a word.9. What is the purpose of the publication date of the new online dictionary?A. To celebrate an event.B. To honor foreign users.C. To draw more attention.D. To meet an urgent need.10. Where does the word “pourriel” come from?A. French.B. An email.C. A holiday.D. Canada.11. What can people do with the new dictionary?A. Update it regularly.B. Recommend new words to it.C. Change the meaning of its words.D. Regard it as an official dictionary.DIn Japan many workers for large corporations have a guarantee of lifetime employment. They will not be laid off during recessions or when the tasks they perform are taken over by robots. To some observers, this is capitalism at its best, because workers are treated as people not things. Others see it as necessarily inefficient and believe it cannot continue if Japan is to remain competitive with foreign corporations more concerned about profits and less concerned about people.Defenders of the system argue that those who call it inefficient do not understand how it really works. In the first place not every Japanese worker has the guarantee of a lifetime job. The lifetime employment systemincludes only “regular employees.” Many employees do not fall into this category, including all women. All businesses have many part time and temporary employees. These workers are hired and laid off during the course of the business cycle just as employees in the United States are. These “irregular workers” make up about 10 percent of the nonagricultural work force. Additionally, Japanese firms maintain some flexibility through the extensive use of subcontractors. This practice is much more common in Japan than in the United States.The use of both subcontractors and temporary workers has increased markedly in Japan since the 1974-1975 recession. All this leads some people to argue that the Japanese system really is not all that different from the American system. During recessions Japanese corporations lay off temporary workers and give less business to subcontractors. In the United States, corporations lay off those workers with the least working experience. The difference then is probably less than the term “lifetime employment” suggests, but there still is a difference. And this difference cannot be understood without looking at the values of Japanese society. The relationship between employer and employee cannot be explained in purely contractual terms. Firms hold on to the employees and that employees stay with one firm. There are also practical reasons for not jumping from job to job. Most retirement benefits come from the employer. Changing jobs means losing these benefits. Also, teamwork is an essential part of Japanese production. Moving to a new firm means adapting to a different team and at least temporarily, lower productivity and lower pay.12. According to the passage, a woman in Japan _________.A. cannot get a lifetime jobB. is impossible to get a part time jobC. will be employed for lifeD. is among the regular workers13. Which of the following is NOT the reason why Japanese workers stay with one firm?A. They don’t want to lose their retirement benefits.B. They are not adaptable people.C. Any change of jobs will make them less paid.D. They get used to the teamwork.14. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.A. those who want to change jobs frequently in Japan should think twiceB. those who are first laid off by American corporations are temporary workersC. the use of subcontractors makes Japanese firms less flexibleD. the Japanese system is totally different from the American system15. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The extremely hard situation during recessions.B. The extensive use of subcontractors in Japan.C. The characteristics of corporations in the United States.D. The features of lifetime employment in Japan.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2020届无锡市宜兴外国语学校高三英语月考试题及参考答案

2020届无锡市宜兴外国语学校高三英语月考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASwimming Holes in AmericaIn America, these secret swimming holes are hidden and hard to reach but well worth the adventure.Cummins FallsLooking for the best place to escape the summer heat in the heartland of America? For more than 100 years, Cummins Falls, a scenic,75-foot waterfall located in Jackson County, TN, has been a treasure for Tennessee natives. But now, the secret is out! Although it’s a bit tough to get to, once in the park, the mountains and river provide unmatched beauty on your way to taking a swim in Tennessee's eighth-largest waterfall.Sliding RockA popular place to cool off during those hot North Carolina summers, Sliding Rock waterfall is located in the Pisgah National Forest in Transylvania County. A flattened rock about 60 feet lies in a nearly 7-foot-deep pool at the bottom, making this natural waterslide a great place to visit with people of all ages.Mooney FallsIt is the tallest water feature in the Grand Canyon, rising 190 feet above the surface. Named after an explorer in the 1800s, Mooney Falls is accessible only by crawling（爬）through 2 underground passages and then climbing down a sheer cliff（峭壁）face with just a couple of chains to hold on to. Although it is tough to get to, the view and the cool alone make it worth the trip.Lihue EstateA private swimming hole at the old Lihue Sugar Farm on Kauai, HI, was changed into an inner-tube water ride by Kauai Backcountry Adventures in 2003 and opened to adults. The waters for this 2.5-mile journey, which come from near the top of Mount Waialeale—one of the wettest spots in the world—are channeled through ditches（沟渠）that were hand-dug by farm workers over a century ago.1. Which hole may be the favourable destination for families?A. Lihue Estate.B. Sliding Rock.C. Mooney Falls.D. Cummins Falls.2. What can we learn about Mooney Falls from the text?A. It wasfound by an explorer.B. It was hand-dug in the 1800s.C. It is dangerous to arrive there.D. It is the tallest fall in the world.3. What is special about Lihue Estate?A. It is man-made.B. It is a private area.C. Its water is from underground.D. It lies on the top of Mount WaialealeBI was in the second year of my Ph. D. program when a colleague asked what I would do if I had an extra hour every day. Without much consideration, I said I would use it to help others. The question kept coming to my mind. Like many graduate students, I was overwhelmed (难以承受的) with research, teaching, coursework, and some attempt at a personal life. Still, I asked myself, "Do I really need a 25th hour to help other people-or do I need to make better use of the 24 hours I have?"I needed something to help me return to my old self. After that conversation with my colleague, I googled (谷歌搜索) “volunteer opportunities near me”. A local organization that drives people to stores or appointments was looking for volunteers. Having grown up in a rural village where everyone knew oneanother and my grandparents were always close by, I thought serving senior citizens in my new hometown might be just what I needed.A short time later, I started to volunteer for an organization that provides transportation for senior citizens and people with disabilities. To my surprise, adding this activity to my busy life was just what I needed to calm the confusion I was feeling as a first-generation international graduate student.I started to volunteer about 3 hours every weekend, the time I otherwise would have wasted oversleeping or scrolling (滚屏) through social media. Sharing stories with my riders was much more rewarding. What they told me about their lives helped me realize that in every corner of the world, humans are connected with the languageof emotions. And seeing how eager my riders were to spend time out and about inspired me to think about how to spend my time, which used to slip away. My previously overwhelming schedule began to feel manageable.I'm proud of who I have become, and I continue to reflect on how I'm using the most valuable thing in life: my time.4. Why did the author ask himself the question in Paragraph 1?A. He wanted to return to normal life.B. He was busy but wanted to help others.C. He couldn't bear too much school work.D. He couldn't answer his colleague's question.5. How did the author find the volunteer job?A. A colleague recommended it.B. A local organization offered it.C. He got it from his grandparents.D. He got it by surfing on the Internet.6. What made the author feel his volunteer job was worth doing?A. Communicating with his riders.B. Improving his language learning.C. Meeting his grandparents often.D. Realizing his previous dream.7. How did volunteering influence the author?A. It helped himbecome confident and efficient.B. He found a good way to live a free and quiet life.C. He realized he had wasted too much time pursuing his Ph.D.D. It inspired him to spare more time to accompany his grandparents.CThis past year, I've found myself returning again and again to lines of poetry by Emily Dickinson. Like many people, I've needed the curing effects of reading more than ever. As scientists and psychologists will tell you, books are good for the brain and their benefits are particularly vital now.Books expand our world, providing an escape and offering novelty, surprise and excitement. They broaden our view and help us connect with others. Books can also distract us and help reduce ourmental chatter.When we hit the “flow state" of reading where we're fully lost in a book, our brain's mode network calms down. It's a network of brain that is active and gets absorbed in thinking and worrying endlessly when we are not doing anything else.There is so much noise in the world right now and the very act of reading is kind of meditation. You disconnect from the chaos around you.You reconnect with yourself when you are reading. And there's no more noise.In 2020, the NPD Group recorded the best year of book sales since 2004. Yet even as people are buying more books,many are reporting they're having a harder time getting through them. It's difficult for your brain to focus on a book when it's constantly scanning for threats to keep you alive.Our fight-or-flight response has been consistently activated.Sometimes I picture my brain as a cartoon brain with little arms and legs, fighting with a book I am holding and screaming: “Can't you see I'm busy!” Anxiety causes our brain to produce a flood of stress,which consumes our energy and makes it harder to concentrate.Then one day in December sitting on my couch, I remembered how much I like to read"The House of Mirth" every few years around the holidays. The memory inspired me to pick up the familiar book, opened it up and started reading.I just kept going.The comfort and distraction and brain-opening experience gave me peace.So return to something familiar.8. What does the underlined part “mental chatter” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Getting lost in a book.B. Non-stop inner anxiety.C. Chatting with the author.D. Powerful network of brain.9. What do we know about reading according to the text?A. It can treat our headache.B. It can calm down the noisy people.C. It forces us to concentrate.on thinking.D. It makes us communicate with ourselves.10. Why was it difficult for people to finish reading books in 2020?A. People bought too many books.B. The books were too difficult to understand.C. People just wanted to escape from the threat.D. The life threat disturbed people's focus on books.11. Why is the author's experience mentioned in the last paragraph?A. To rid people of concern for safety.B. To present an effective reading way.C. To wake up memories of an old book.D. To recommend the book he/she reads.DIn a world simultaneously on fire and underwater thanks to climate change, scientists have announced some good news: Several important tuna (金枪鱼) species have stepped back from the edge of extinction.The unexpectedly fast recovery speaks to the success of efforts over the past decade to end overfishing. But tuna are not the only species scientists are discussing at the 2021 World Conservation Congress in Marseille, France, which is organized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Researchers caution that manyother marine species remainimperiled. For instance, more than a third of the world's sharks remain threatened with extinction due to overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change.“I think the good news is that sustainable fisheries are possible,” says Beth Polidoro, a marine biologist at Arizona State University. “We can eat fish in a proper way and without driving the population to the point where it is on the road to collapse or extinction."At the same time, she warned that the changes in status should not be an reason to catch as many fish as we want.The IUCN, which ranks the world's most endangered species on its Red List of Threatened Species and is backed by 16,000 experts across the globe, also announced at the meeting that some animals are moving in the other direction, onto the Red List. One notable example is the Komodo dragon, an island-living lizard at particular risk from climate change.For the better part of two decades, Polidoro has been part of a specialist group tasked with assessing the statuses of more than 60 species of tuna and billfishes for the IUCN.Her team announced its first comprehensive findings in 2011, mentioning that a number of commercially fished tuna species were dangerously close to disappearing.According to the new data, the Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), once listed as endangered, now qualifies for a status of least concern. As does the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga), which were both considered near-threatened the last time they were assessed.12. What does the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 2 mean?A. EndangeredB. ConservedC. ExtinctD. Safe13. What can we infer from Polidoro's words?A. Too many fish are being eaten by human beings.B. Eating fish does not necessarily lead to its extinction.C. Fish species are on the edge of dying out if no action is taken.D. The situation of underwater species are changing for the better.14. Which of following statement is true according to the passage?A. Some Tuna species are wiped out by overfishing.B. Tuna are ranked as the world's most endangered species.C. Climate change poses a threat to most species in water and on land.D. Three tuna species have been saved from extinction according to the data.15. What's the main idea of the passage?A. Some tuna species are reported endangered recently.B. IUCN has helped saved a great many marine species.C. Improvement has been made in saving marine species.D. Great efforts should be made to conserve species underwater.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。