道林格雷的画像开题报告Thesis Proposal
从唯美主义角度对比《道林格雷的画像》中的外表美与道德丑
从唯美主义角度对比《道林格雷的画像》中的外表美与道德丑若云軒论文英文题目: An Analysis of Gray's Physical Beauty andMoral Ugliness from an AestheticPerspective in The Picture of Dorian Gray论文中文题目: 从唯美主义角度对比《道林格雷的画像》中的外表美与道德丑本科毕业论文（设计）目录OutlineThesis statement:This thesis attempts to analyze Dorian Gray’s physical beauty and moral ugliness from an aesthetic perspective through the exploration of the influence of aestheticism on Oscar Wilde and The Picture of Dorian GrayI. IntroductionII. The Influence of Aestheticism on Oscar Wilde and The Picture of Dorian Gray1. An Introduction of Aestheticism2. Oscar Wilde and Aestheticism3. The Influence of Aestheticism on The Picture of Dorian GrayIII. The Contrast between Physical Beauty and Moral Ugliness of Gray1. The Analysis of Physical Beauty1.1.The Beauty of Dorian Gray1.2.The Ideal Beauty Pursued by Gray2.The Analysis of Moral Ugliness2.1.The Ugliness of Gray's Soul2.2.The Ugliness of Real Life3. The Contrast between Physical Beauty and Moral Uglinessof GrayIV. ConclusionWorks CitedAn Analysis of Gray’s Physic al Beauty and Moral Ugliness from an Aesthetic Perspective in The Picture of Dorian Gray AbstractOscar Fingal O’ Flahertie Wills Wilde(1854.10.16-1900.11.30), a great dramatist ,poet and essayist from Ireland, is an initiator of aestheticism. His work The Picture of Dorian Gray which is representative of aestheticism aroused much controversy when it was published in 1891 because of its improper emotional tendency, which opposite with the style of pursuing etiquette and solemnity in Victorian era.The novel tells a story about a handsome young man, Dorian Gray ,who degenerates step by step and connives at the complete decadence of his soul while he is pursuing ideal beauty and hedonism, ruining himself completely at last. The story reveals the sharp contrast between physical beauty and moral ugliness, as well as ideal and reality. As the masterpiece of aestheticism, the novel well illustrates beauty and art, which is the eternal theme of aestheticism and the theory of “Art for Art’s sake”.This thesi s attempts to analyze Dorian Gray’s physical beauty and moral ugliness from an aesthetic perspective through the exploration of the influence of aestheticism on Oscar Wilde and The Picture of Dorian GrayKey words: aestheticism, influence, Wilde, The picture Dorian Gray摘要奥斯卡·芬葛·欧佛雷泰·威尔斯·王尔德（1854.10.16-1900.11.30）是爱尔兰的伟大剧作家、诗人和散文家，是唯美主义的创始人。
英语本科论文 论道连格雷的画像中的唯美主义
An Analysis of Aestheticism in Oscar Wilde’sThe Picture of Dorian GrayBy。
A thesis presented to the Foreign Languages Department of。
Universityin partial fulfillment of the requirementsfor the degree ofBachelor of ArtsJune 4, 2013Class:Advisor:浅析《道林·格雷的画像》中王尔德的唯美主义摘要：奥斯卡·王尔德作为西方唯美主义的代表人物，他的的很多作品都体现了其唯美主义的主张。
王尔德于1890年创作的《道林·格雷的画像》是他短暂一生中唯一一部发表的小说，也是其唯美主义主张最好的诠释。
该小说不仅呈现了十九世纪九十年代唯美主义运动的精神,而且体现了唯美主义的追求及其唯美主义这一思潮的内在特征。
虽然这本书自出版以来就成为当时社会的众矢之的，但不可否认，王尔德的唯美主义始终贯穿于这部小说的始终。
通过唯美主义视角分析《道林·格雷的画像》，其唯美主义主要体现在“艺术与美超越一切”，“生活模仿艺术却远不及艺术之美”，“艺术是非功利的”，以及“艺术超越道德”等四个方面。
来具体阐述唯美主义在小说中的体现。
通过对小说的研究与分析，读者可以更好地了解小说中的唯美主义艺术，欣赏小说的文学特征。
关键词：唯美主义；艺术；道德；功利An Analysis of Aestheticism in Oscar Wilde’sThe Picture of Dorian GrayAbstract： As a representative of aestheticism in the west, Oscar Wilde, makes many of his works reflect aestheticism. The Picture of Dorian Gray completed by Oscar Wilde in 1890 is the only published novel in his short life, which is the best interpretation to his aestheticism. The novel not only presents the spirit of the aestheticism movement in the 1890 s, but also embodies the pursuit of aestheticism and the ideological trend of the inherent characteristics of the aestheticism. Although this book became a lightning rod for criticism of society at the time there is no denying the fact that Oscar Wilde's aestheticism runs through the novel.The Picture of Dorian Gray can be analysed from the following four parts to illustrate the reflection of aestheticism in the novel: “Art and beauty above all else”; “Life imitates art, but not as good as art”; “Art is no utilitarian”; and “Art beyond morals”. Through analysis of the novel, the reader can better understand the aestheticism of art of the novel, and appreciate it‟s literary characteristics.Key words：aestheticism; art; morality; utilitarianTable of Contents1. Introduction (1)2. Aestheticism and Oscar Wilde‟ The Picture of Dorian Gray (2)2.1 The Definition of Aestheticism (2)2.2 The Connection between Aestheticism and The Picture of Dorian Gray (3)3 The Aestheticism Presented in The Picture of Dorian Gray (4)3.1 Art and Beauty Above All Else (4)3.2 Life Imitates Art, But Not as Good as the Beauty of Art (5)3.3 Art is No Utilitarian (7)3.4 Art beyond Moral (9)4. Conclusion (10)Works Cited (12)1. IntroductionOscar Wilde, a greatly disputed person, is one of the most popular writers in the England modern literary history. He is not only a good playwright, but also a great poet and critic. He has been famous for his advocating the slogan of “art for art‟s sake”. Even though in his whole life he has got more scolding than praise, he is remembered for his literary works. And he is signed with sadness at his imprisonment, and his early death.In the 19th century, the European aestheticism and the dispirited principle idea have had the widespread influence in the literature domain. As the main spokesmen for the western aestheticism, Oscar Wilde tried his hand at various literary activities. He developed and practiced his idea of aestheticism in his whole life. As the readers can say, most of his literary works are the best annotation of his aestheticism.Among his countless works, The Picture of Dorian Gray, the only published novel in his short lifetime, is a classic of his aestheticism. Even though this book has got a lot of criticism in that society, Oscar Wilde‟ aestheticism still runs through the story. Through this book, Oscar Wilde presents his excellent personality and aestheticism perfectly and indirectly.Oscar Wilde made a great contribution to the world literature by inheriting and developing aesthetic views in his literary creation. His aesthetic views involve not only the literary theory but also the literary creation. In practice, Oscar Wilde never ceases to work for the beauty of his literary art. He advocates the massive use of symbols and the correspondence among words, colors and music. In theory, Oscar Wilde reconsider s the relation between art and life. Inheriting Gautier‟s‟ view “art for art‟s sake”, he advocates that life is the imitation of art, which can be seen in the preface of his book The Picture of Dorian Gray a s “All art is quite useless”.The Picture of Dorian Gray, where Oscar Wilde‟s aestheticism has got a stage to act out. If people want to understand Wilde‟ aestheticism, they should read the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray first.2. Aestheticism and Oscar Wilde’ The Picture of Dorian Gray2.1 The Definition of AestheticismAestheticism (or the Aesthetic Movement) is an art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.It appeared in England in the late 19th century and it roughly develops from 1868 to 1901. Aestheticism claims that art should be independent of all philosophy, and art can only be judged by its own standard (Wikipedia 8). It was put forward in the eighteenth century by Immanuel Kant, who spoke for the independence of art: “Art exists for its own sake, for it s own essence or beauty.”(Song 2). Some writers and artists who are keen on aestheticism movement put up the idea“The mission of art is to provide humans with sensory pleasure, rather than passing some kind of moral or emotional information”. Esthetic thou ght that art should not have any preaching factors, but the pursuit of pure beauty. They were fascinated to pursue of the art of "beauty", and they think "beauty" is the essence of art. They also argue that life should imitate art.Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that studies the principles of beauty especially in art. Aestheticism is the collection of all the fruits of aesthetics. “The word …aesthetic‟ was first found in Aesthetica, appearing as a Latin word, which is the name of two books written by Alexander Baumgartner, 1714---1762.”(Williams 31). Baumgartner believes beauty can be defined as aesthetic, but when it is related to art, the most important part of Baumgartner‟s translation of beauty is that beauty is not abstract but can be felt by people through their senses. This translation is the same as the Greek word “aesthesis”, the original meaning of which is the power of uniting mentally the impressions conveyed by the five physical senses.Aestheticism emphasizes the independence of art: Art exists for its own sake, for its own essence or beauty. Oscar Wilde was a dramatic leader in promoting the movement of aestheticism. He advocates freedom from moral restraint and the limitations of society. He develops and practices the aestheticism in his whole life.2.2 The Connection between Aestheticism and The Picture of Dorian GrayDorian Gray is a literary image created by Wilde in The Picture of Dorian Gray, he is a young man in London's aristocratic. He looks very beautiful and virtuous.As the description in the book: “Yes, he was certainly wonderfully handsome, with his finely curved scarlet lips, his frank blue eyes, and his crisp gold hair. There was something in his face that made one trust him at once. All the candour of youth was there, as well as all youth's passionate purity. One felt that he had kept himself unspotted from the world”(Wilde, 11). Basil Hallward paints a fantastic portrait for Dorian. Influenced by the painter‟s friend Lord Henry Wotton, Dorian Gray makes a frivolous wish that he will be forever young but the portrait will grow aged and bear all the misery and evil.When it comes ture,Dorian Gray‟s picture grows aged and corrupt while he continues to appear young and innocent. After Dorian drives a young actress named Sibyl Vane, the one who he loved,to suicide, he is surprised to find nothing falls on his head but the picture become ugly. Being seduced by Lord Henry, the incarnation of evil, Dorian Gray can‟t resist the temptation and makes his life worse. He does a series of evil things. He kills Bail for keeping his secret. Alan Campbell commits suicides because of his commitment of disposing Basil‟s body. To decrease his sense of guilt, Dorian Gray begins to collect things to anaesthetize him in the pleasure of sense. His eternal beauty is realized at the cost of sacrificing of the beauty of the picture. The decades of sinful life leaves remarks on the picture and ruins the beauty of it. He feels guilty when Sybil‟s brother finds him and swears to kill him. His forever young looking keeps him from being killed by Sybil‟s brother James Vane, but at the end of the story, he can no longer endure his sinful memory. He slays the decaying portrait, the record of his guilt, to erase his sins, but at his slaying, he kills himself and the picture returns to its original beauty. He is dead as a withered old man lying on the floor in front of the shiny picture.At the beginning of the book, we can see Dorian Gray is a pure and charming young man. He is the beauty in reality. The portrait Basil paints for Dorian is fantastic. It represents the eternal art. After Dorian changes soul with the portrait. When he dose evil things, he keeps handsome, but the portrait decays. The beauty still exists. At the end of the story, Dorian throws the knife to the portrait, and then he becomes old andugly at one moment. The portrait reappears beautiful. The aestheticism runs through the story. It is the striking literary characteristic of The Picture of Dorian Gray.3 The Aestheticism Presented in The Picture of Dorian GrayThere are some protagonists related to Wild e‟s aestheticism in the book. Lord Henry, worldly and utilitarian, with a high social status, is a representative of the ugly forces in the capitalist society; Hallward, a just and tendery painter, looking art as his life, represents the intellectuals "art for art's sake"; Dorian Gray, is pure kind at first,but later he can't withstand the temptation of Lord Henry's hedonism philosophy and towards the path of sin. Sibyl, a beautiful girl, who is a symbol of art in the book. Portrait represents people's spirit and soul, and Dorian Gray is a symbol reprents that beauty and evil exist side by side, is also the symbol of aestheticism. The aestheticism which Oscar Wilde devotes a large space in the book can be summarized from four aspects.3.1 Art and Beauty Above All ElseIn The Picture of Dorian Gray, Sibyl is the figure who can reflect Wilde‟s aestheticism views. She is a pretty actress with beautiful voice. She has played many roles. And in each role play, she fully displays her artistic charming. Sible is the embodiment of art. What Dorian worships and loves is the beauty of art, rather than Sible herself. When she fall in love with Dorian in real life, her artistic charm become pale and turn out to be illusory. Finally, Dorian disappointed, and he lambasted Sibyl for destroying the beauty in his heart. When life conflict with art, it is only to fail. Sibyl‟s death represents the failure and the end of life.Sibyl meet Dorian is a turning point. She is a stage actress. When Dorian saw her performance, he falls in love with her. But, in fact, he only loves the figure in Shakespeare‟s masterpiece who Sibyl has played. He falls in love with her and he describes her beauty to Henry with passion. He tries his best to praise for herperformances, which are consistent with his aesthetic dimensions of the ideal pursuit of perfect art. Sibyl also happens to be his pursuit of "beauty" reflects in the reality. Dorian appreciates Sibyl‟s beauty on the stage. When Sibyl returns to reality, her beauty immediately began to fade. Dorian also immediately perceive its fall to changing attitudes and preferences. Her acting becomes "artificial"and"clumsy", Dorian even ruthlessly abandoned her. Sybyl‟s death is the result of her returning from art to reality. As Oscar Wilde believes that: all bad art is regression of life and nature, and they are the result of the will for ideal life and the natural rise. Sibyl, as the embodiment of art, although she is aware of the reality of life, she dose not realize the selfishnesss and ruthless under Dorian‟s attractive appearance. So she deviated from the art, and she will live up to the ideal which let her love burst into the bubble in the real life. When she doesn't have the feature of art, she will disappear naturally from Dorian‟s life. This is Oscar Wilde‟s view: “art is above all else”. Dorian loves Sibyl just for she is a symbol of art and drama, and because her charm on the stage is the beauty of art. Dorian worships and falls in love with Sibyl for artistic beauty, rather than herself. As she says, before she meets Dorian, acting in her life is the only real thing. After know Dorian, she realized that the stage is artificial and tacky. She rebells against art, and regards the art as worthless things. She abandons her artistic embodiment of beauty, and then come to the real life. She never think that she has killed Dorian‟s love to her by herself. Sibyl‟s death is the resaut of boosting life above art and the returning from art to reality. In Wilde‟s aestheticiem, art and beauty is above all else. When life confront art, life can only make room for art.3.2 Life Imitates Art, But Not as Good as the Beauty of ArtDorian gray is a pure and beautiful noble youth. After seeing the portrait which Basil Hallward painted for him, Dorian is attracted by his own youth and beauty. And under the influence of Lord Henry, he wishes to the portrait: ". . . If it were only the other way! If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that--for that--I would give everything! Yes, there is nothing in the whole world I would not give! I would give my soul for that!"(Wilde 17 ). Dorian obtained the eternal beauty like an art. The portrait will take all of his age and evil, and it willrecord the ugly and ferocious aspects of the real life. The portrait is to Dorian is what art is to reslity. In the end of the novel, Dorian daggers to the portrait. The picture of Dorian hang on the wall looks so young and handsome as it was finished at the first time. It means that all the ugly and evil things will disappear while the beautiful and elegant things will be left in the life. He illustrates that art is over life, and the real beauty of life is the moment when art is eternal.Dorian, the role Wilde wanted to be, is the most important one to annotate Wilde‟s aestheticism. It includs the relationship between art and life, art and morality, art and time. It aspires to beauty. It is mainly showed in the relationship between Dorian and the portrait. Hallward reappears of Dorian‟s youth and beauty in the portrait which is filled with his noble feeling about art and beauty. However,after Dorian is aware of his beauty and under the guidance of Lord Herry,he becomes evil. With the growing of his evil and desires,the portrait becomes more and more old and ugly. The portrait is a reflection of Dorian which implied that art is a reflection of life. When the portrait changes with Dorian‟s change,it illustrates the damage an d distortion which life made to art. Just as the portrait is more and more ugly because of Dorian‟s misdeeds, the change of the portrait is a symbol of Wilde‟s ideal burst. It reflects art is irreconcilable with morality. Because Dorian sells his soul for the eternal beauty. The picture is just the symbol of conscience. At last Dorian want kill the conscious, on the country, he killed himself. This is another contradiction or the author‟s thought about moral and beauty.Dorian Gray, as a typical character of the aesthetic works, is attractive but dangerous. He is a half devil and half angel. In fact, he is a symbol of the combination of art and life. At the beginning of the story, he is an innocent and beautiful young man, knowing nothing about the evil life. He loves beauty and pursues beauty. He wants to stay young and loves a girl who is the symbol of art. During this stage, he symbolizes art, whose nature is beauty. “I turned half-way round and saw Dorian Gray for the first time. When our eyes met, I felt that I was growing pale. A curious sensation of terror came over me. I knew that I had come face to face with some one whose mere personality was so fascinating that, if I allowed it to do so, it would absorb my whole nature, my whole soul, my very art itself. I did not want any external influence in my life”. (Oscar Wilde 4). It is Basil‟s impression when he comes across with Dorian firstly. Dorian is born as an art, his beauty and purity attracts the painterto get close to him. When the beautiful creation of art is reduced to ugliness, he represents the evil life dominated by irresponsible morality. He imitates the evil life, which ruins his original beauty of art. He is no longer a symbol of art, which is beautiful and unstained, but a symbol of life, which is ugly and evil. “When they entered, they found hanging upon the wall a splendid portrait of their master as they had last seen him, in all the wonder of his exquisite youth and beauty. Lying on the floor was a dead man, in evening dress, with a knife in his heart. He was withered, wrinkled, and loathsome of visage. It was not till they had examined the rings that they recognized who it was”. (Oscar Wilde 134). Dorian kills himself when he slays the ugly picture of him. After his death, the picture resumes its beauty. When art imitates life, it is doomed to death for the decaying life ruins the beauty of art. The image of Dorian Gray shows that if art imitates life, it will ruin its beauty and end up in death, which proves the validity of Oscar W ilde‟s aestheticism that life should imitate art. Obviously, the fact that Oscar Wilde finally will be upside down turn back to express his aestheticism view: “life imitates the art, far and art imitates life.”(Wilde 122).3.3 Art is No UtilitarianOscar Wilde is firmly opposed to any utilitarian purpose of artistic creation. He emphasizes the independence of art. He said: “The tenet of art is art itself.”[Wilde, 28] The artist is the creator of beautiful works. And he put forward that art is pure and it is amoral in the relation between art and morality. Beauty is amoral. And art has its own pursuit, that is beauty. So art is amoral, and it has nothing to do with morality. In The Picture of Dorian Gray, the painter is a typical aesthetes. He enjoys all beautiful things. When he first see Dorian, he is shocked by the beauty of Dorian. He feel that the entire soul and the art itself will be he devoured by Dotian‟s beauty. He thr ows himself into the creation and records the beauty in his works. This is the refraction of Wilde‟s aestheticism. Oscar Wilde believes that art is a utilitarian. It dose not mean that art does not make sense, with no value. But it means that art should not be used. So Hallward does‟t want the picture to be displayed, and he does not want to exchange it for fame and wealth. He gives it to Dorian as a gift. He pays attention tothe form of beauty, and devoid of moral relation. The portrait is a reappearance of Dorian‟s beauty. Dorian sell s his soul in pursuit of the eternal beauty, which means that beauty opposites morality. Hallward is the only a positive figure in the story, he always maintain the ethical and moral values. He is the embodiment of moral. Due to the excessive pursuit of beauty, and he can't resist the temptation of beauty, although he knows the depravity of Dorian, he still lives in a world of fantasy where the moral strength can save Dorian. He was eventually killed by Dorian, and becomes the victim of beauty. He cann't finish moralizing, and saves Dorian 's soul. His death suggests that moral was defeated by the beauty. The portrait always remind Dorian erosion life of soul. Eventually Dorian can‟t endure the ugly picture,so he take s a sword and stab to the portrait.Oscar Wilde advocated that aesthetic is no relate to gains and losses. So he puted forward the beauty is not related to the beauty. Beauty is amoral, beyond utilitarian. It refers to another point of view of Wilde's aestheticism, it is the relationship between artistic and moral: art is not moral. He once said that the artists are the creator of beautiful things, they only seek the beauty. If a book written well, and it can arouse the aesthetic feeling of people, that's a good book. What he means is that the art does not depend on moral, and it not only for the moral service. It has its own aspire of art, that is beauty.Hallward, as the god of art or the creator of art, is the Trinity. He can also be considered as Jesus Christ who is a teacher and prophet aiming to save the world of art at the cost of sacrificing his life or a martyr who chooses to suffer death rather than renounce the principle of art creation. He paints the portrait of Dorian Gray, the perfect painting in his life, but he gives it to Dorian Gray for free and refuses to sell it for a fortune. It is a symbol of his insistence that utility should be banned the world of art. His whole life is devoted to the art --painting. His efforts to pursue the purity of art at the cost of sacrificing his life show the determination of Oscar Wilde to enhance aestheticism, which elevates the whole novel.Hallward does not want to put the portrait on display because he think that art is utilitarian. He doesn't want to use art in return for money and fame, and give it to Dorian as a gift. So Hallward only pays attention to the "form" or moments of beauty, and it has nothing to do with utility.3.4 Art beyond Moral19th century in Britain society is the transition to capitalism. The Victorian filled with moral hypocrisy, pan, and utilitarianism. Wilde stands in line on all this critical position,and practice the aestheticism. He thought that "in this era of turmoil and chaos, in this dispute and terrible moments of despair, only worry-free paradise and beauty can make people forget, and make people happy. Why don't we go to the beautiful paradise?"(Wilde,198) The temple of beauty and aestheticism is another ideal kingdom. He often wore a collar of loose, with black velvet doublet, and filament socks and velveteen knickerbockers. And in the society, he won the attention of the crowd by his wise and humorous language. We can see that Oscar Wilde is rebel against the society in his unusual way. Oscar Wilde is a real “Lord Henry”, and he is also against the bourgeois in the same way.Lord Herry is an important figure in the novel. Though the story we can get a general picture of Lord Herry. What he impress us mostly is his fancy language and the cynical attitude to life. In relationship between beautiful young Dorian and Herry, he plays a role of waking up"evil". His humorous paradox and counterarguments are imbued with a theme - the pleasure principle. When he first see the portrait, although he thinks it is beautiful, he hold the view that the portrait is just a beautiful creature without thinking. He thinks the portrait is not full of vigour, because it hasn‟t soul. That is to say, the portrait only reflects the shape and appearance of models, but do not reflect the essence. So Henry begin to guide Dorian. He said that the purpose of life is self-development and full performance of a person's nature. And it is the purpose that we living in this world. Herry also thinks that if everyone can live at ease, show their feelings, say anything they want to say, achieve any dream they have dreamed, the world will be full of vigour. He thinks the most important thing in life is to be happy, and the purpose of life is to fully meet their nature requires impulse and desire. Herry once said:" Nothing can treat the soul wounds,except senses; similarly, sensory hunger can only be relieve by the soul."(Wilde 202) So he showed an purely anti-traditional attitude in the society. And it makes a lot of traditional and conservative people feel fresh and unusual. The rationality in their minds is a result of the era‟s nobiditied p ursuit and false ideas.When he sees Dorian is so pure and without impurity, he spares no effort to get him as his new hedonism subjects. He tried his best to mobilize Dorian‟s instinctive desire, to inspire his emotional desires, and to make him into a maze, and finally become a victim of conflict between spirit and human body. Herry makes Dorian‟s body finally died and the spirit was also suffering in self-examination. Only the portrait on behalf of the art in the secular elutriation bully unchanged, and this is another manifestation on Oscar Wilde‟s aestheticism of art contend against times.Therefore, art has nothing to do with morality. Wilde also claims simplified to a famous saying: All art is immoral. "Immoral" here is a moral, specifically, that is not designed for moral service.Lord Henry, is Oscar Wilde in other people‟s eyes. Henry and Wilde were often used for comparison by people. There is no doubt that Lord Henry is an aesthete. At the end of the story, only the portrait does not change. It just confirms that Wilde's aestheticism view: Art is amoral4. ConclusionOscar Wilde, the representative of the aestheticism, does not lead the aestheticism to another way, which is as evil as the critics recognized. On the contrary, he keeps the road the former aesthetes advocates and improves it to a wild scope. Being misunderstood by so many people, Wilde tries so hard to practice his opinion of understanding of aestheticism. The picture of Dorian Gray, was not only a novel, but also a work of explaining personal nature. In fact, there is another Oscar Wilde in the novel that we can hardly see by our eyes but by our heart. The novel is a proof of his passion to his aestheticism, just as his preference to Gray. So we see, what in his aestheticism must be dangerous, but it is not harmful. His aestheticism is something his heart demands, just like Dorian Gray, who tried to gain it, for art‟s sake.To sum up, through analysis of the three major male characters and a female character, we can see the outline and the connotation of Wilde's aestheticism. He doesn't think art imitates life, and it can overcome the ugliness in life; Art is no connection with moral, it beyond morality; Art contend against era, and art does notmanifest age, but only manifest itself, and art is the opposite to the spirit of the time; Finally, art is in pursuit of "form" as its goal.We can see that the four characters are all with shadow of aestheticism. They are only different on the emphasis. Through the interwoven of relationship, it construct the theory of aestheticism.Works CitedBristow, Joseph. A Complex Multiform Creature: Wilde's Sexual Identities.Cambridge: CUP, 1997: 198.Denial, Margaret. "Wilde the Writer." Palgrave Advances in Oscar Wilde Studies //Frederick S. Roden. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.Denney, Colleen. At the Temple of Art: the Grosvenor Gallery, 1877-1890. Farleigh Dickinson University Press, 2000 .Ellmann, Richard. Oscar Wilde. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1988.Fargis, Paul. The New York Public Library Desk Reference .Macmillan General Reference: 261.Harris, Frank. Oscar Wilde: His Life and Confessions. New York: Covici Friede Inc., 1950: 105.Kaplan, Morris B. Sodom on the Thames: Sex, Love, and Scandal in Wilde Times.New York: Comell University Press, 2005: 228.Pearson, Hesketh. The Life of Oscar Wilde.New York: Penguin Books, 1985. Renier, G. J. Oscar Wilde. New York: D. Apple Century Inc., 1933: 95.Rosanna Elkland. The evil in Dorian Gray: a psychoanalytic study of the protagonist in the picture of Dorian Gray. 2007.Webster‟s third new international dictionary, 1993.Wilde, Oscar. The Picture of Dorian Gray. London: Penguin Books Ltd, 1994. Wikipedia. Aestheticism. /wiki/Aestheticism.Wikipedia. Oscar Wilde. /wiki/OscarWilde.Wikipedia.The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray./wiki/The Picture of Dorian G-ray.刘茂生，“王尔德享乐主义道德与唯美主义艺术的契合--以小说《道连·葛雷的画像》为例” 《外国文学研究》，第6期，2005。
关于道林格雷的画像材料
《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray，1891年）1891年出版《道连格雷的画像》引起极大的骚动，并受到媒体猛烈的攻击。
王尔德也在该年结识艾尔佛瑞·道格拉斯爵士，悲惨的命运却就此开始。
王尔德作品在中国的影响* 建筑师王大闳先生将《道林·格雷的画像》译写为《杜连魁》，场景亦转换为当时的台北。
《道林·格雷的画像》是19世纪末唯美主义代表作，堪称“为艺术而艺术”思潮在戏剧小说及绘画方面的三绝。
这部作品中美丽的词藻和绚然烂的意象附丽于变态人物和荒诞的情节，因此长期遭到误解，其实书中另有真意。
《道林·格雷的画像》天生漂亮异常的道林·格雷因见了画家霍华德给他画的和真人一样大的肖像，发现了自己惊人的美，又听信了亨利·华顿勋爵的吹嘘，开始为自己韶华易逝，美貌难久感到痛苦，表示希望那幅肖像能代替自己承担岁月和心灵的负担，而让他自己永远保持青春貌美。
他的这个想入非非的愿望后来却莫名其妙地实现了。
一天晚上他粗暴地对待了他所爱的女演员西比尔·苇恩，回到家里，发现那肖像上出现了残忍的表情。
原来那肖像已开始随着道林·格雷心灵的变化而变化了。
具体的、用清晰有序的词句准确的表达美的含义----我们作出一个参照物，使得当我们看到某一事物时，可以将它与此参照物相比较，以确定它是否美----是绝不可能的。
语言本身有其局限性，它在充当主体或客体上的矛盾制约了它的表达能力，它不是绝对完美的载体，但更主要的是它所表达的事物的复杂多样，正如美。
所以我们能告诉别人的只会是个人知道的美，在未进行阐释前和完成阐释后，这种美都可能不被别人理解抑或认可。
在此，我尽力模仿王尔德的审美态度来阅读《道林·格雷的画像》。
英国评论家麦克思·比尔波姆说：“早在一八八零年以前美就存在，但让美登台亮相的却是王尔德。
”王尔德作为英国唯美主义的先锋早得到了普遍承认。
王尔德_道林_格雷的画像_中的唯美主义体现
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他的一本书， 那本书的主人公， 那个独特的巴黎青年， 奇怪地 兼有浪漫气质和科学气质， 在道林看来整部书“包含了他自己 的故事， 却在他身临其境之前就写成了”。
参考文献： ［ １］ 吴琼．西方美学史．上海人民出版社． ［ ２］ 陈伟．论西方美学研究的对象与方法．社会科学辑刊， ２００４， （ ５） ． ［ ３］ 张玉能．席勒的美学范畴体系（ 上） （ 下） ．重庆三峡学院 学报， ２００５， （ １） ． ［ ４］ 朱立元．论西方美学发展的两条主线．文艺理论研究， １９９９， （ ３） ． ［ ５］ 杨青， 曹书堂．歌德与席勒早期创作方法的美学思想 之比较．南都学坛， ２００１， （ １） ． ［ ６］ 孔建平．歌德与文艺美学中的新世界观．盐城师范学院 学报（ 人文社会科学版） ， ２００５， （ ２） ．
奥斯卡王尔德的道林格雷的像道德美与堕落的探索
奥斯卡王尔德的道林格雷的像道德美与堕落的探索奥斯卡·王尔德的《道林·格雷的画像》：道德美与堕落的探索在文学中，人性的复杂性常常成为作家们探索的对象。
奥斯卡·王尔德，这位享誉世界的文学家，通过他的作品《道林·格雷的画像》向我们揭示了美与道德之间微妙而复杂的关系。
王尔德的独特视角和他对生活中道德与堕落的见解，将读者带入了一个充满欲望、野心和毁灭的世界。
《道林·格雷的画像》讲述了主人公道林·格雷的故事。
道林是一个年轻而迷人的贵族，他的美貌和无忧无虑的生活使他成为时代的宠儿。
为了保持青春和美貌，道林与一幅神秘的画像签订了契约，使自己的一切罪恶和堕落完全映照在画像上，而他的本人却永远保持年轻美丽。
这一奇异的情节，引发了王尔德对人性与道德的深刻思考。
人们常说“美德即美”，但通过道林·格雷的故事，王尔德提出了一个令人不安的问题：美可以掩盖一切罪过吗？道林从一个纯洁善良的年轻人逐渐堕落为道德上的败坏。
于是，美的本质不再是那无可争议的善良，而是一个道德性的幌子，遮掩着罪行和堕落。
王尔德的这一观点震撼了人们的传统观念，同时也启发了读者对美与道德的深刻思考。
正如画像所显示的，道林·格雷的堕落是一个逐渐积累的过程。
他起初只是为了保持青春美貌，接纳了荒淫无度的生活。
然而，随着时间的推移，他深陷于欲望和罪恶之中，不可避免地破坏了他人的生活。
这种在道德上的堕落引起了王尔德对罪恶本质的思考。
他指出，道林·格雷可能是一个极端例子，但每个人内心深处都有无法逃避的罪恶。
此外，王尔德还通过其他人物的形象和对话，进一步探索了道德美与堕落之间的关系。
例如，画家巴塞洛缪通过他对艺术的狂热追求，展示了一种深度的奉献与堕落之间的平衡。
他认为，只有通过堕落，艺术家才能达到真正的创造力。
这个观点挑战了传统的道德标准，引导读者进一步思考艺术的边界和艺术家与社会的关系。
奥斯卡·王尔德的《道林·格雷的画像》：审美教育课堂案例
奥斯卡·王尔德的《道林·格雷的画像》：审美教育课堂案例1. 引言1.1 概述在当今社会中，审美教育扮演着重要的角色，帮助培养人们对艺术、美学和审美价值的理解与欣赏。
文学作品常被用于教育实践中，其中奥斯卡·王尔德的《道林·格雷的画像》是一部广受赞誉和争议的文学作品。
本文旨在通过分析奥斯卡·王尔德的《道林·格雷的画像》，探讨其在审美教育领域中的案例应用。
通过对课堂背景、教学内容与方法、学生反馈与效果评估等方面进行综合研究，以期揭示该文学作品对审美教育的潜力和影响。
1.2 文章结构本文将按照以下结构展开讨论：首先介绍奥斯卡·王尔德以及他的著名作品《道林·格雷的画像》，并探讨该作品背后所蕴含的历史意义；然后侧重于审美教育课堂案例分析，包括课堂目标设定、教学内容选择和方法提供等方面；随后，将深入探讨奥斯卡·王尔德的艺术观念和行为准则，以及与《道林·格雷的画像》主题相关的道德和伦理问题争议；最后，通过总结回顾与审美教育启示、建议以及未来研究展望等部分来结束本文。
1.3 目的本文旨在通过对奥斯卡·王尔德的《道林·格雷的画像》进行案例分析，探索其在审美教育课堂中的应用潜力以及相关争议。
同时，我们希望能够评估该作品对学生审美素养、道德认知和批判思维能力等方面的影响，并提供有益的启示和建议。
通过深入研究这一经典文学作品，我们可以更好地理解艺术与教育之间的联系，为现代审美教育提供借鉴和启发。
2. 奥斯卡·王尔德与《道林·格雷的画像》2.1 奥斯卡·王尔德简介奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末英国最具才华和影响力的作家之一。
他以其独特而幽默的写作风格和对社会规范的挑战而闻名。
出生于1854年，王尔德在都柏林度过了他的童年和青少年时期。
他在牛津大学学习古典文学，并展示出非凡的语言天赋和批判思维能力。
道林格雷的画像 前言(翻译)
道林·格雷的画像——奥斯卡·王尔德前言艺术家是美的创造者。
艺术之道就是去展示艺术之美而隐藏艺术家本身。
批评家就是能将美的印象转换成一种生活方式或一种新物质的人。
自传文学是可能是最崇高、同时也是最低级的批判形式。
对美吹毛求疵的人是堕落的、没有生活趣味的。
这是种错误。
在美中能够去发现美丽之处的人是有教养的人。
希望就在于此。
对他们这些被选中的人来说，美的意义就是美，没有其他杂质。
书没有道德或不道德之分，只有写得好坏与否。
仅此而已。
19世纪对现实主义的憎恶，如同愤怒的凯列班在镜中看到自己丑恶的脸。
19世纪对浪漫主义的憎恶，如同愤怒的凯列班没有在镜中看到自己丑恶的脸。
人的道德生活是艺术家主观题材的一部分，但是艺术的德性在于完整展现人性的缺陷。
艺术家不想去证明什么，即便真实的事物可以被证实。
艺术家没有道德同情心。
艺术家的道德同情心是不可原谅的习性。
艺术家可以表达一切事物。
这不是种病态。
对艺术家来说，思想和语言是实现艺术的工具。
对艺术家来说，罪恶和美德是艺术的原材料。
从形式上来说，音乐家的表达方式是所有艺术的典型。
而从感觉上来说，演员的演技是典型。
艺术即有外观也有象征。
仅透过外观去理解艺术是危险的，而只通过象征去理解艺术也同样危险。
艺术真正反映的不是生活而是观众。
对艺术的多样看法表明艺术品的现代性、复杂和重要性。
即便批判家不赞赏艺术家，艺术家会自我欣赏。
我们可以原谅一个做出实用东西的人，只要他不膜拜自己的作品。
做无用东西的唯一理由就是有人太欣赏这东西。
一切艺术都是无用的。
浅析道林格雷的画像
浅析道林格雷的画像道林格雷的画像是英国作家王尔德所著的一部小说《道林·格雷的画像》中的一幅画，这幅画像是整个故事的核心，在整个故事中起到了至关重要的作用。
道林格雷的画像深刻地反映了王尔德对人性和艺术的思考，是其作品的重要象征之一。
一、道林格雷的画像的意义在小说中，道林格雷的画像代表着他的灵魂，并记录了他的罪恶和美德。
道林格雷的一生中，他犯了许多罪恶，这些罪恶在画像中得以反映。
每当他做了不道德的事情，他的画像就会变得更加丑陋和丑恶，而当他遵从了良心，做出了好的行为时，他的画像也会变得更加美丽和优美。
这幅画像的重要性在于它展示了人性的复杂性和不可逃避的责任感，同时也提示读者们通过道德的努力来保护自己的内心和灵魂。
二、道林格雷的画像的象征意义道林格雷的画像是王尔德思想和哲学的象征之一。
王尔德所倡导的美学主义认为，生命与艺术是密不可分的。
所以，道林格雷的画像代表了他自己的艺术品，即他的灵魂。
艺术品是艺术家灵魂的延伸，因此画像的改变反映出道林格雷世界观和哲学的变化。
三、道林格雷的画像中体现的艺术思想在道林格雷的画像中，王尔德反映了许多关于艺术的思想，其中最重要的思想之一是“艺术为艺术”。
道林格雷把自己的艺术品看作一件完整的物品，他的画像也是同样的道理。
王尔德尝试展示道林格雷的艺术观点，强调艺术的独立性和个性化，艺术家不应在他们的作品中追求某种意义，而应该表达他们自己的热情和个人情感。
道林格雷的画像描绘了王尔德对于人性的看法和其对于艺术及世界的认识。
它同时也是王尔德在小说中的叙事方式，体现了他的个人理念和对文学的理解。
通过道林格雷的画像这一主题，王尔德奠定了艺术自由和独立性的重要基础，同时也提示我们在思考人性和社会伦理时，不要忘记了价值观和理念中的重要作用。
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外国语学院
涉外船舶与海洋工程英语
张丹10070312
Thesis Proposal
My paper is to study the reflection and relation of art and morality in the work of Oscar Wilde -The Picture of Dorian Gray.
Published in 1891,The Picture of Dorian Gray caused a great uproar, and fiercely attacked by the media. The Picture of Dorian Gray is the aestheticism representative work in end of the 19th century, and is the excellent reflect of ideological trend-"art for art's sake"in the drama, novel and painting. In this work, ornate rhetorics and the gorgeous images attach to the changeable characters and fantastic plots, so it was misunderstood for a long time. Actually it contains profound meanings in the book.
In China, the architects Wang Dahuang and Mr Hong translated The Picture of Dorian Gray to Du Liankui . It can be hailed as the model of the notion of "art for art's sake", but from the angle of morality ,it caused strong stir at that time. Oscar Wilde also admitted that it contains certain “moral”. The novel tries it best to reflect the morality and to criticize the moral behavior of the society and human. By describing the three characters’different nature aesthetically,analyzing art and reality , the conflict between art and morality in the novel, Oscar Wilde expounded his aestheticism view, cognition and relationship between art and morality.
In the paper, I will employ the method of academic researches and literatures. I firstly brief the main content of The Picture of Dorian Gray . Then I describe the reflection of art and morality in the work. Finally, I analyze Wilde’s notion of "art for art's sake" and his value of morality. I read some literatures about the study of Oscar Wilde, and understand roughly of the style of his whole works. In china, the study of The Picture of Dorian Gray is increasing, so it is easy to get the relevant information, but the translation of The Picture of Dorian Gray in the aspect on the structure of syntactic rhythm compared with the original still has some defects. Some concerning of the value of art and morality is not all-inclusive. Therefore, the understanding of the work needs to be further perfected.
References
Beckson, Karl(ed.), Oscar Wilde: The Critical Heritage. London; Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970, p.72.
刘茂生:《王尔德创作的伦理思想研究》，华中师范大学出版社，2008年，第61页。
聂珍钊：《文学伦理学批评：文学批评方法新探索》，载《外国文学研究》2004年第五期。