上海高三英语二模汇编--十一选十(学生版)

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上海高考十一选十练习

Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University. Even people who spent just a few hour’s a week on the Internet experienced more ___41_ and loneliness than those who __42__ on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Net ___43___ appeared to cause the bad feelings.Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were completely __44__ to their expectations. They expected that the Net would prove __45__ healthier than television, since the Net allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others.The fact that Internet use reduces time __46__ for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being, researchers hypothesized. Faceless, bodiless “__47__” communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that __48__ to the wider world via the Net makes users less satisfied with their lives.“But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology; it’s about how it’s used,” says psychologist Chirstine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s __49__. “ It really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you __50__ applications and services for technology.”Recently, British universtiy researchers said that a computer programme can help Asian students to deal with ___41_ English accents which are difficult to understand. This is good news for students who get ___42___ by different English accents.Computer scientists at Nottingham University said that some Asian students in Britian find it difficult to understand the range of different English accents. Among native English speakers, many different accents ___43___. Some accents are easily __44____ by certain characteristics. But more variations can be difficult to understand.Difficulties can be eperiencec in the process of differentiating sounds at the end of spoken English words, like rope versus robe, and at the start, like tin versus thin. This can make __45____ speech difficult to follow, as misunderstanding a single word can potentially change the whole ___46___ of a sentence. It would be useful to have something that would make it easier for foreign students to understand different English accents.The researchers’ Spoken English Discrimination (SED) training programme can train Chinese speakers in how to ___47___ differences in speech sounds in difficult conditions, such as accented speech or in situations in which there are a number of sounds in the background, a university release reported.“Our findings have shown that SED training programme really does have a significant __48____ on enabling Asian students to differentiate between sounds,”reseacher, Nicola Pitchford said. “There is a __49____ potential for SED. There has already been interest in theprogramme, from government organizations, through to a major Chinese mobile phone company who os interested in developing it into an educational phone ___50___.”twentieth anniversary of Earth Day. The purpose of the holiday, which we celebrate every year on that __41____, is to help people learn how to protect the planet Earth. People around the world celebrate Earth Day because they worry about the planet. Many __42____ of animal life are desappearing from the earth. Carelessness and accidents in many countires have cauaed problems that are harmful to the environment. Air and water pollution, oil spills, and poisonous waste are some of the __43____ problems.In fact, protecting the earth is truly a worldwide __44____. An accident in a nuclear power plant in one country can create a radioactive cloud that goes ___45___ around the world. Factory smoke in onecountry can cause acid rain in another. One country’s oil tanker can __46____ oil that floats to the shores of another. It is eas to see how our protecting the environment has become an international issue.So, in order to begin the difficult job of saving the earth, people around the world did special things on Earth Day, 1990. In Japan, divers ___47___ garbage from the sea. In Nepal, climbers picked up trash on Mount Everst. Students marched in support of Earth Day in Hong Kong, and people grew ___48___ plants in the Phillippines. In the United States, children planted trees. Native Americans told stories about the creation of the earth, artists ___49___ pictures on walls next to highways, and musicians gave __50____ to support the work of environmental groups. Almost everyone everywhere stopped for a moment to think about how we can protect the earth.many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done ______ by women-ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing ______ work-still need to be done by someone. Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a ______ that hs changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time” and look for help elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child-care ceters, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like.Although there is still a big wage ______ between men and women, the income working women ______ gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now ______ aobut half of all cars. Not long ago, many car dealers ______ women shoopers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are ______ customers. It’s interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to ______ pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars –the Japanese society is still very much male-oriented. Perhaps it was the ______ contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to womenbuyers.Reading is one of the important skills in English learning. Its purpose is to enlarge their vocabulary and familiarize themselves with background __41____ about English and to cultivate students’ careful observation and their logic thinking. What is more, it is to __42____ students’comprehension. I have tried to train my students in the following ways: skimming and scanning, author’s viewpoint, __43____ of the passage, structure of paragraphs, students’anticipation, punctuation and summarizing. Before starting to read a passage in detail, I __44____ ask the students to take a moment to preview the passage. Read quickly, without pausting to ___45___ the details. This is called skim reading. The students ask them to have these in mind: for which the passage was __46____, what type of passage it is, what the purpose and attitude of the __47____ is and what the style of the article is.After having skimmed the passage, the students can study the passage in more detail, reading more slowly and ___48___ and looking for specific information that the questions are concerned with. This is called scanning. When students do the scanning, I ask them to read without any sound, to notice only the key words and not to pay too much __49____ to the new words but to pay the sense group and the main meaning of the sentence. Especially pay attention to the first __50____ and the last sentence of the paragraph.It can be risky to generalize about the literature of any culture or group. For amlost any statement that is made, exceptions can be found. Nevertheless, literary __41____ is all about generalizations. Here are some that are made about Asian-American literature.All Asian-American writers can be placed into one of two groups, those who emigrated to the United States and those who were born here but of immigrant families. They represent a ___42___ and diverse range of countries, from Japan and the Philippines in the east to Iran and Turkey in the west.Some of the topics that first-generation writers deal with are __43____ to all immigrant people: the difficult ___44___ to a new land, a loneliness for home, and an uncertainty about the new culture. So you might find tales of a Vietnamese immigrant’s horrific departure after the ___45___ of Saigon or the struggle against prejudice (偏见) __46____ in a book like Carlos Bulosan’s autobiographical America Is in the Heart.Family values can be a source of much rich literature. All Asian-American groups carried __48___ customs and practices with them, and sometimes these were looked on with ___47___ by their new countrymen. They certainly were a cause of misunderstanding and sometimes contention between immigrants and their American-born children. Books like Jade Snow Wong’s Fifth Chinese Daughter make this clear.More, perhaps, than some other groups, Asian Americans have been __49____ with language: how it sets them apart from others, the importance of mastering American English. In as essaycalled “Mother Tongue”, for example, writer Amy Tan discusses how her mother’s less-than-perfect English __50____ her own life and her views of herself.after local users complained about them not __41____ the tradition of standing in line.Southern Vectis Bus Company, which operates buses on the Isle of Wight, off England’s south ___42___, said it was to contact local language schools following several __43____ about the behavior of young students over the summer vacation.“On the Isle of Wight we get lots of foreign language students __44____ with families,” said operations manager March Morgan Huws.“In their ___45___, they do not queue for buses where they live and there is a scrum (相互拥挤) every time a bus turns up, while in British culture there is a nice __46____ queue.”“We have had quite a few complaints from __47____ who queue up in an orderly fashion then all those foreign students push past them.”“We will work with the language schools to provide some __48____ on the etiquette of queuing. We won’t be arching the students up and down showing them how to queue, we will just leave it up to the group leader to pass on the information.”Orderly queuing –as seen during the recent Northern Rock banking crisis –is seen as a ___49___ British tradition. One social anthropologist believes Brotons are even ___50___ of forming one-person queue at bus stop.Unfortunately, a controversial political democracy is little that can be done in a cowboy outdated. Inefficient and bankrupt health care focused, comprehensive manner likely to make a real difference must be __41____. There are simply too many moving parts and special interests. However, a gradual change is under way. Insurance __42____ with health care organizations accountable and the integrated system is clinically effective. So hospitals and health centers will ensure ___43___ compensation. Expect to develop these new systems in the private sector as well.Pressures from the government to the implementation of the electronic medical records are __44____ essential for the development of data-driven systems, not only for financial __45____, but also for the quality of performance and results and receive data accounting for performance in the management of patient care. With the coming of more reliable and more __46____ to evidence-based medicine, what ___47___ and what does not, and we will go to largely ___48___ access to an experience in health care. Results are examined, __49____ and treated. The development is based on the system of accountability in the delivery of the most effective care and the most reasonable price. This is only possible id hospitals and health care providers concentrate on the supplying of health services. Look at the rise and progress of compensation of healthcare __50____ fully integrated into the world and see the decay and death for the costs of medical services.when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping…Such absent-mindedness may be __41__ to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the __42__ sees.The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also __43_ the user to “label” items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain __44__ by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a __45__ label on a screen inside the glasses that the user then fills in.It could be used in ___46_ plants by mechanics looking to identify machine parts or by electricians wiring a __47_ device.A spokesman for the project said: “ A car mechanic for __48__ could find at a glance where a part on a certain car model is so that it can be identified and repaired. For the motorist the system could ___49_ accident black spots or dangers on the road.”In other cases the glasses could be worn by people going on a guided tour, __50__ points of interest or by people looking at panorams where all the sites could be identified.。

02 十一选十-2021年上海市高三英语二模专项汇编

02-2021年上海市高三英语二模真题专项训练之十一选十Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.2021宝山二模can only be u sed once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Embrace the rule of awkward silenceThe rule of awkward silence is simple: When faced with a challenging question, instead of answering, pause and think deeply about how you want to answer. This is no short pause; rather, it involves taking several seconds (10, 20 or longer) to think things through before ____31____ .At Apple, Tim Cook has engaged in the ____32____ for years. Back in 2008, a Fortune article said that in meetings, Cook was "known for long, ____33____ pauses, when all you hear is the sound of his tearing the wrapper of the energy bars he constantly eats."Cook isn't alone in embracing the rule of awkward silence. Steve Jobs once took almost 20 seconds to respond to a personal attack, ____34____ a perfect response.The rule of awkward silence has always been valuable as a tool of emotional intelligence because it allows you to ____35____ thought and emotion instead of simply reacting based on feeling.Why the rule of awkward silence is more valuable than ever.We live in a world that ____36____ instant satisfaction. Emails should be answered on the same day. Text messages should be answered right now. But there's a major problem with all of this immediate communication: It doesn't leave time to think.As in, think ____37____.Critical thinking calls for deep and careful consideration of a subject. It involves weighing and analyzing facts, and careful ____38____. And it results in making insightful connections.None of this is possible without time.And time has become the biggest luxury on the planet.But when you embrace the rule of awkward silence, you steal back time. Time that used to be wasted on ____39____ answers.So, the next time someone asks you a challenging question, or even what seems on the surface to be a simple one, resist the ____40____ to respond with the first thing that comes to mind.Instead, embrace the rule of awkward silence, and think before you speak.答案31-35 FHAKC 36-40 IBJDE2021崇明二模Museums Rethink What to Do with Their African Art Collections Recently, a discussion is happening in museums around the world over the volume of African art in their collections. Officials in Germany and the Netherlands have announced plans to return art and artifacts (j£W) taken from Africa during the 31__________ period. And more museum staff are meeting on the topic across Europe.According to the most commonly 32__________ figures from UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), 90% to 95% of sub-Saharan cultural artifacts are 33__________ outside Africa. Many were taken by force long ago and ended up in museums across Europe and North America.At the Africa Museum in Belgium, director Guido Gryseels says 85 percent of the museum’s collection comes from the Congo —the site of Belgium’s 34__________ colony in Central Africa. For decades, Congolese leaders have asked for these objects to be returned. Most of their 35__________ and those by African countries to other museums, have been refused.But recent events in Europe have 36__________ the possibility of returns at a much larger scale. In addition to the plans announced in Germany, last year France conducted a study of how much African art French museums are holding and made 37__________ about what to do with it.The study recommended the return of a wide range of objects taken by force. The suggestion got mixed 38__________ in France, where there are at least 90,000 African items in museums.In France, some people have suggested returns could leave shelves 39__________ in French museums. Gdeile Fromont, a French historian of Central African art, says that’s not going to happen. One way of thinking about it, she says, is that more African art can go on display.However, Guido Gryseels of the Africa Museum in Belgium 40__________ that attitudes are changing. He says he’s in discussion with the Congo to return works.答案31-35 FDGHJ 36-40 BIKAC2021奉贤二模Why Dutch Officials Want You to Forget the Country of Holland The Dutch nation has long been dealing with its identity crisis. For decades, the government used “Holland” and “the Netherlands” 31__________ to describe the country known for its iconic canals, tulip ( 郁金香) fields and windmills. But starting from Jan. 1, all official government communications and 32__________ materials will use the Netherlands as its name.The government has been working on a campaign that might 33__________ the country’s image in the face of growing international competition for the past 18 months, said Ingrid de Beer, the head of the public diplomacy section in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.“Our international image faces some challenges,” she said. Research showed that many people do not know of the Netherlands or have 34__________ concepts of the country. Young people, particularly those in countries farther away, are unfamiliar with the country.The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of 12 provinces, two of which —Noord (North) Holland and Zuid (South) Holland —make up Holland. Amsterdam, which 35__________ about 19 million travellers annually, and Keukenhof, one of the world’s largest flower gardens and a popular attraction, are both in the Holland region.The country’s tourism board, 36__________ to handle millions of tourists, stopped promoting its most famous attractions in favor of trying to encourage travellers to go to lesser-known destinations, according to a 2019 report. By 2030, the report predicted, the Netherlands could see 37__________ of up to 42 million tourists — an enormous number for a country of 17 million.The region of Holland has 38__________ contributed the most to the country’s economy and wealth, resulting in its name commonly being used to indicate the entire country.But not anymore, the Dutch government insists. “We are fully aware that internationally, a strong image of the Netherlands contributes to achieving political objectives, promoting trade, attracting talent, investment and tourists and encouraging cultural and scientific 39__________ ,” Ms. de Beer said.Part of the campaign includes an updated logo, a “NL” 40__________ to look like an orange tulip, according to the Minis try of Foreign Affairs. The logo replaces the “Holland tulip,” which was created by the tourism board 25 years ago and used to promote the country.答案31-40 JFBAI 36-40 CHDEG2021嘉定二模What Is a Paragraph Break?It is one of the most important punctuation marks. A paragraph break is an indentation (缩进) or a single line space 31__________ the division between one paragraph and the next in a body of text.Generally, paragraph breaks serve to 32__________ the transition from one idea to another in a stretch of text, and from one speaker to another in an exchange of dialogue.Few readers would think of the paragraph break as a punctuation mark, but it certainly is. In ancient times there were no paragraphs. Sentences simply flowed into one another without 33__________. During medieval ( 中世纪) times, the mark evolved into the paragraph symbol [¶] and eventually became the modern-day paragraph break, which is 34__________ now only by a line break or indentation.Today, the paragraph break is used to give readers a break. The art of creating paragraphs is called paragraphing, the 35__________ of dividing a text into paragraphs. Paragraphing is a kindness to your reader because it divides your thinking into manageable bites. Paragraphs that are too long 36__________ readers with dense blocks of text to read through, while more frequent paragraphing provides readers with convenient 37__________ points at which to take a break and relaunch themselves into thinking.To fully understand when to insert a paragraph break, it’s helpful to know that a paragraph is a group of closely related sentences that develop a central idea. Therefore, each paragraph discusses one 38__________ topic. Also, a paragraph break is employed before each new topic is introduced. In this way, the writing will flow, and readers will be able to proceed through the writing in a logical fashion instead of 39__________ all the way to get to the last line.Paragraphs used to be longer, but with the development of the Internet, which gives readers access to literally millions of sources of information, paragraphs have become increasingly 40__________. The style for many websites, for example, uses paragraphs no more than two to three sentences.答案31-40 EBDFG 36-40 AHIJC2021松江二模New York and New TaxAccording to a Manhattan Institute survey, more than half of high-earning New Yorkers are working entirely from home and 44% are considering leaving the city. Ned Lamont, Connecticut’s governor, has said “the old idea of the commuter (通勤者) going into New York City five days a week may be outdated.” It does seem 31________ that the tens of thousands commuting from Mr. Lamont’s state will continue to do so. The region’s governors have 32________ well together to deal with the pandemic (流行病), but the friendliness may soon end over taxes.When people from 33________ states like New Jersey and Connecticut commute to New York to work for a New York-based employer, they must pay New York tax on the related earned income. Even those who work from home must pay New York taxes unless the employee is working outside New York by 34________.Taxpayers and those states are looking closely at this loophole(漏洞). In December, Connecticut and New Jersey applied to the Supreme Court to consider a case which 35________ a state’s authority to tax non-residents’ income while they are working remotely. They think this is definitely a(n) 36________ to the city’s finances. “Firms have considered leaving the city before, and employees are gradually accepting the idea. They have been working remotely for almost ten months and they’ve 37________ to that idea.”Companies are also watching the progression of the Billionaire Mark to Market Tax Act, which would treat capital 38________ from billionaires’ property as taxable income. New York’s Democratic governor said he would reject any laws 39________ heavy taxes on the rich, because it would drive out wealthy, mobile residents. It would not take too many moving trucks for the city to feel the economic loss, says Michael Hendrix. A 5% 40________ of New Yorkers making about $10,000 would result in an annual loss of $933m—roughly the amount distributed to the city’s health department.答案31-40 EGCAH 36-40 BDKJF2021徐汇二模Ocean plastic has become a defining problem of our time, and a challenge to the world’s brightest thinkers and innovators. With a significant portion of plastic waste entering through rivers, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste is supporting the work of Renew Ocean to (31)__________ the lack of waste infrastructure in developing regions.Research published in Environmental Science & Technology in 2017 shows that rivers (32)__________ dump anywhere from a half to three million tons of plastic into the seas every year. According to the data, ten rivers alone carry 93 percent of the river-borne plastics that end up in the ocean. To help prevent this plastic waste from reaching the ocean, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste will sponsor Renew Oceans, a localized (33)__________ and investment project focused on high-leakage rivers. As a Founding Global Oceans Sponsor, the Alliance will (34)__________ its materials and logistics (物流) capabilities. The National Geographic Society has also supported the Renew Oceans (35)__________.Renew Oceans is part of the Renewology partnership, a brainchild of Priyanka Bakaya. Growing up in Australia, Bakaya became fascinated by science, chemistry, and the environment. Trips to India as a child (36)__________ her of the need to do something positive for an environment (37)__________ strained by plastic waste. At Stanford University, she became aware of social entrepreneurship and continued developing her ideas for ending plastic waste in business school at MIT.How does Renew Oceans plan to tackle a(n) (38)__________ insurmountable ( 难以克服的) problem? First, using proprietary(专利的) “biofence” te chnology designed by Renewology, plastic waste is collected as it flows down rivers and branches. ReFences divertthe plastic and thus keep it from accumulating and entering the ocean. As (39)__________, the program has major side benefits. The plastic collected across the developing world will be converted into fuel, while waste pickers will receive compensation directly tied to the fuel generated from the plastic they collect. Renewology can become a powerful (40)__________ for empowering local communitie s while cleaning up the world’s trash and providing necessary fuel.答案31-35 GAJDK 36-40 CHIFB2021闵行二模Celebrity (名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity ____31____ to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the ____32____ of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market ____33____, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy ____34____ fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they try to ____35____ their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer ____36____. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise inself-promotional marketing. And once the ____37____ attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely to ____38____ to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for expansion is ____39____. Having already achieved great wealth and public ____40____, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.答案31-35 CKAHG 36-40 FDJBI2021黄浦二模Would you wear a computer under your skin?Forget smartphones and smart glasses. One day, we might have smart tattoos, body modifications. The company NewDealDesign came up with an idea for a product called UnderSkin. The device would look like a pair of tattoos on your arms and the side of your thumb, but it would actually be a very thin computer implanted just below your skin. It would draw power from your body’s energy, and you could use it to unlock doors, _____31_____ your health, exchange and store information, or even express your personality. UnderSkin is just an idea —you can’t go out and get one —but the technology exists to make it work. “We _____32_____ it is about five years from being real,” says designer Gadi Amit.Writer and technology initiator Amal Graffstra already has a chip called a radio-frequency _____33_____ tag implanted in his hand. “I use it to log into my computer.I also use it to share contact details with people,” he says. The chip is about the size of a grain of rice and responds to radio _____34_____ with a unique number for recognition.If a computerized tattoo or _____35_____ tag isn’t crazy enough for you, what abou t a brain chip? The company Intel is working on technology that would let you control your devices with your mind. Dean Pomerleau, one of the researchers, explains, “We’re trying to prove you can do interesting things with brain waves…. Imagine being able to surf the Web with the power of your _____36_____.”Do you think these chips sound frightening or cool? Some doctors are _____37_____ about people hurting themselves while getting devices implanted. They argue that medical _____38_____ are meant to heal sick people, and not to give healthy people special powers. Others worry about hacking and _____39_____. Could someone hack in and steal your identity, or even control your mind? On a more _____40_____ level, if you have a computer inside your body, are you still human? Or are you a cyborg, a being that is part human and part machine, or a machine that looks like a human being?What do you think — would you want a computer under your skin?答案31. D 32. H 33. E 34. B 35. I 36.G 37. A 38.K 39. J 40. F2021长宁二模Obstacles can be overcome, say trade expertsThe main problem in the EU-UK talks on a trade deal is resolvable so long as neither side treats the matter as a question of high principle, according to trade experts.German Chancellor Angela Merkel warned on Wednesday that a trade deal must ____31____ a “level playing field, not only for today, but also for tomorrow ”. But BritishPrime Minister Boris Johnson said on Wednesday evening that Britain would never sign up to automatically having to ____32____ future EU rules in areas such as environmental regulations and labour standards in order to keep the ____33____ of a trade deal.Nonetheless, experts said there was the ____34____ for negotiation between Britain’s position, a willingness to swear not to ____35____ regulatory standards as they stand at the end of its Brexit (British exit) transiti on period, and the EU’s quest to ensure that these trade deals work well for ever.The “landing zone” for any deal would likely ensure that the UK was not able to weaken the effectiveness of European regulations and keep the advantages of zero tariffs (关税) in goods: the main feature of the ____36____ free trade agreement.David Henig, UK director of the European Centre For International Political Economy, said what was needed to be agreed were specific ____37____ that the trade deal covered and the process for dealing with possible ____38____.The only reason that this should spoil the trade deal talks, said Mr. Henig, was if one or both sides keep their positions on a matter of principle.Since the start of the talks, the EU’s concern has been to avoid having a(n) ____39____ competitor close to its single market, seizing an advantage through lax (宽松的) environmental regulations and labour standards.The EU has already moved ____40____ on state aid. Brussels entered the negotiations saying the UK should continue to in effect operate the state aid system under the supervision of the European Court of Justice. It has since agreed to an approach based upon agreeing common principles with Britain.答案31--35 BFDIA 36--40 KJHGC2021虹口二模Will a Robot Really Take Your Job?It is one of the most widely quoted data of recent years. No report or conference presentation on the future of work is complete without it. It has been pointed to as evidence of a(n) ____31____ jobs disaster by think-tanks and government agencies. The finding that 47 percent of American jobs are at high risk of being ____32____ by the mid2030s comes from a paper written by two Oxford academics, Carl Benedikt Frey and Michael Osborne. It has since been ____33____ in more than 4,000 other academic articles. Such misunderstandings reflect the polarized ( 两极分化的) debate ____34____ the nature of automation and the future of jobs.At one extreme are the negativists. They warn of mass technological ____35____ just around the corner. One advocate of this position, Martin Ford, has written two best-selling books on the dangers of unemployment caused by automation. He worries that middle-class jobs will disappear, economic ____36____ will cease, and the richest people in a country could “shut themselves away in gated communities, perhaps guarded by self-directed military robots and drones.” The ____37____ masses will live on a universal basic income.At the positive end of the debate, classical economists argue that in the past, new technology has always ended up creating more jobs than it has destroyed. It was several decades before industrialization led to ____38____ higher wages for British workers in the early 1800s. While automation is likely to increase ____39____ in the short run by pushing some people into lower-paid jobs, it eventually increases the overall size of the economic pie.Frey is often ____40____ to be in the first camp. His paper simply wanted to point out that 47 percent of the current jobs in America were more likely to be affected by automation. It got more attention than they would ever have expected. In part, this is because fear sells, particularly when i t is stirred up by a misunderstanding.答案31-35 DFIBC 36-40 AEKHI2021静安二模As colleges and universities nationwide revealed their admission decisions, news broke of a dramatic decline in acceptance rates - and not just at Ivy League schools. The shift meant that many high school students who pinned all their hopes on particular dream schools might find themselves____31____ with real disappointment.Why were admissions so low these years? It’s a number game. These years, colleges saw the number of applicants soar to record-high levels. But considering ____32____ budgets, the number of spots colleges could offer had to be ____33____. As a result, both state schools and private colleges kept seeing their acceptance rates fall rapidly.It’s not that most students won’t get into colleges at all. Instead, there are more than enough spots nationwide for every qualified applicant to find a place for study. But for many, the school they end up enrolling in may not have been their first, or even third choice. The ____34____ strike of rejection, in some cases, could be heartbreaking. These are kids who are used to being the best of the best.But some of the pressure is ____35____, without excuses, by students themselves, according to Laurence Steinberg, professor of Psychology. He thinks that Americans fall ____36____ to their own addiction to school rankings and fame. Students and their parents have formed strong commitments to particular schools long before admission decisions are made. “When they are rejected, it’s like being rejected by a boyfriend or girlfriend.” Steinberg says. “They ____37____ it: What’s the matter with me? What could I have done differently?”That emotional ____38____ is often only about what school name students will paste on their parents’ cars but it may also lead to families’ ____39____ of what may actually be the suitable school for the students.Actually, painful as the rejection is, in the long run, getting into a high-ranking university doesn’t necessarily mean competitive ____40____ in terms of job prospects and earnings. A research shows that many students rejected by highly selective schools earn asmuch as Ivy League graduates. What really matters is how seriously students take their studies.答案31-40 FEGDI ABCKH2021普陀二模Spain Looks to Chinese TravelersSpain's tourism industry is looking to Chinese tourists for its high-end market, according to the president of the Spain-China Tourism Association.“It is the kind of tourism that is not only interested in the sun, beach and the all-included (31)__________. They enjoy good food, wine, history and nature, and the new Chinese tourists would also want to spend more money in Spain," said Rafael Cascales in a recent (32)__________ with Xinhua.The Spanish business leader described the(33)__________ Chinese tourists as being younger, more international, and perhaps including more women. "They also travel on their own or in couples or in smaller groups. The (34)__________ large groups of visitors have not disappeared, butthis new form of traveling is becoming more important," he said.Speaking of the (35)__________ pattern of the new kind of Chinese tourists, the Tourism Association president said, “The money they spend is (36)__________ better because they will book one flight with one airline, the hotel with another company and the restaurant with another."In his eyes, “Chinese tourists are very important because they (37)__________ two things: there are a large number of them and they spend more money than anyone else —almost four times more than tourists from other countries."They not only travel abroad in the summer months when Spain has to (38)__________ with the sun and beaches in countries such as Turkey and Egypt, but also travel in the off-peak seasons of a year, according to Cascales.Spain is the second most popular tourist destination in the world, only after France. It attracted about 82 million visitors in 2017, 700,000 of them from China, a number which the United Nations World Tourism Organization (39)__________ will rise to about 1 million by 2021."We are ready; we have the infrastructure(基础设施)at every level, (40)__________ in hotel capacity. Here those visitors can find what they are looking for, including the luxury items which distinguish them," Cascales noted.P lastic“Food”EndangeringTurtles Endangered green turtles are confusing plastic for food, according to scientists.Sea turtles mostly find their food visually, by 31________ the color and shape of an object to work out if it is edible. Some of their favorite foods look like plastic.Emily Duncan, a postdoctoral researcher in marine conservation commented in a statement:"The 32________ of this plastic might include things like black trash bags.”Researchers studied 34 turtles who had washed up on the beaches of on the eastern Mediterranean island of Cyprus, and found they were 33________ to pieces of plastic which looked like sheets or threads, and were black, clear or green.The team were able to look at the gastrointestinal tracts(胃肠道) of 19 turtles.All of themhad eaten plastic, 34________ from 3 to 183 pieces in total.Smaller turtles had eaten more plastic than bigger animals.That could be because of their naivety.The team concluded that green turtles, 35________ younger individuals, who feed in the coastal waters of Cyprus, regularly 36________ and eat plastic so much that the vast majority of animals contain some plastic in their gastrointestinal tracts at the time of their death.The findings 37________ past studies which show other species of turtle get mixed up between food and waste.The problem doesn't just affect green turtles.Extremely high 38________ of plastic are found in oceans across the world, leading to all sea turtles, at least 36 percent of sea birds, and many fish species being found to have taken in plastic waste.Professor Brendan Godley, who leads the Exeter Marine research strategy at the University of Exeter and co-authored the work, commented:"Research like this helps us understand what sea turtles are eating, and whether certain kinds of plastic are being 39________ more than others."It's important to know what kinds of plastic might be a particular problem, as well as highlighting issues that can help 40________ people to continue to work on reducing overall plastic consumption and pollution.Disrupted Schooling Spells Worse Results and Deeper Inequality The first meeting between teachers in Montpelier, Vermont, before the start of the autumn term is usually festive —_____31_____ over breakfast and coffee. This year they had to make do with an online video conference. After a scramble in the spring (to set up online learning,。

2020届上海市高三英语16区二模汇编--十一选十

2020届高三英语二模汇编——十一选十1、2020黄浦二模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.There are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and ___31___ practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee.Before ___32___ completely from the office, check with your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your company’s internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure you’ve tested it and that it ___33___ from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) ___34___ plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance.The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files.The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless quality a remote employee needs to succeed. Do ___36___ your manager or boss frequently. Make sure group chat service and tools are installed and you know how to use them, and make your ___37___ known to your colleagues when you are available and working.Set ___38___ if you’re working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid ___39___ unless it’s important.Find time to go for short walks to help inspire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being ___40___, but it’s important to make activity a habit.【答案】31-40 CFGAD KIBHE【难度】中等2、2020普陀二模A. advancedB. automaticallyC. bayD. boostE. containedF. exposedG. interacted H. randomly I. reaction J. sprayed K. spreadChange Behavior to Prevent InfectionDuring flu season, frequent hand-washing is a must, as is avoiding co-workers or friends who are sick. But we humans are not the only animals that change behavior to keep diseases at ___31___, and so do ants.Nathalie of the University of Lausanne and her colleagues observed ants to see their ___32___ to the presence of a pathogen（病原体）. “With the nurses staying inside and taking care of the young, the worker ants are all outside of the nest to collect food and defend the territory.” Worker ants are at greater risk of getting ___33___ to diseases because they leave the safety of the nest. So the researchers ___34___ a common fungus (真菌) on a small group of worker ants and then followed their movements to see the way other ants reacted. “We marked all ants in the colony with individual labels, which is ___35___ detected and recorded using a tracking system.”After the infection, the nurse and worker ants stayed within their small group and ___36___ less outside of their work group. The researchers also saw that worker ants spent more time outside of the nest. “They increase that amount by 15 percent so by quite a long large amount.” The researchers measured the amount of fungus on each ant and saw that it was almost completely ___37___ to the worker group. Some nurse ants and the Queen only had trace amounts of fungus’ spores (孢子) on them. The study indicated that the group behavior effectively stopped the ___38___ of the fungus. Something that’s quite interesting in these ants is that the very small amount of the spores can ___39___ their natural defenses and protect them against later exposure to the same pathogen.It seems that in their ability to avoid infecting other members of the community, ants may be more ___40___ than we are.【答案】31-40 CIFJB GEKDA【难度】中等Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009. A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks 36interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially37activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simpl e instruction: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39their own kind. He believes that their occasional rescues of humpback calves (后代) create a strong enough 40for them to rush in to help, even if it means they end up saving sunfish, sea lions, dolphins every now and then.【答案】31-40 FGCHK BDEJA【难度】中等偏难4、2020杨浦二模Hunting to Farming Is Not Necessarily GoodShifting from hunting to farming made life 50 percent more difficult for humans, a study by Cambridge University suggests. Although farming (31) ________ previously wandering communities to stay put and grow, it came at a huge cost. Researcher Dr. Mark Dyble, lived with 10 Agta groups and found that those who still hunted and searched for their food spent around 20 hours working in the week to live, but those who had (32) ________ to farming needed to work 30 hours for the same amount of food.“For a long time, the shift from hunting to farming was assumed to represent progress, allowing people to (33) ________ a laborious and uncertain way of life,” said Dr. Dyble. “But as soon as researchers started working with hunter-gatherers they began (34) ________ this narrative, finding that hunters actually enjoy quite a lot of leisure time. Our data provides some of the clearest (35) ________ for this idea yet.” The researchers followed 359 people from the Agta community (36) ________ how much time they spent on leisure, childcare, domestic chores and out-of-camp work. As well as the overall difference in hours worked, the study also found that women living in the communities most involved in farming had half as much leisure time as those in communities which only hunted. Co-author, Dr. Abigail Page added: “We have to be really careful when (37) ________ from contemporary hunter-gatherers to different societies in pre-history.” But if the first farmers really did work harder than hunters then this begs an important question - why did humans adopt agriculture?Previous studies suggested the adoption of farming grew up to help cope with (38) ________ societies, although other experts claimed that it was agriculture itself that allowed sedentary(定栖的) communities to expand, and once they (39) ________ a certain size, it would have been impossible for groups to return to a hunter-gathering lifestyle, even if they had wanted to. Dr. Page says: “The amount of leisure time that Agta enjoy is evidence to the (40) ________ of the hunter-gatherer way of life. This leisure time also helps to explain how these communities manage to share so many skills and so much knowledge within lifetimes and across generations.”【答案】31-40 J G D F A I K C E B【难度】He was once the world’s fattest man weighing in at an incredible 980 pounds and consuming 20,000 calories (卡路里) a day. But it seems that after losing 672 pounds following a surgery, it’s not just Paul Mason’s health that has a more promising 31 —his weight loss may have also promoted his love life.Mr. Mason has only known his new girlfriend Rebecca for a month and the pair are yet to meet, but already the 52-year old has 32 that Rebecca is the love of his life. The pair met online last month when Rebecca saw a television 33 about Mr. Mason’s extreme fatness—the result of overeating when a previous relationship ended. She was so touched by his situation as to get in touch, keen to help Mr. Mason get the NHS (National Health Service) to pay for a second operation to 34 him of layers of extra skin.Mr. Mason said: “She didn’t really think of anything 35 at the beginning. It wasn’t until the second conversation that I realised there was more there than just friends. She felt the same and brought up the idea of us being boyfriend and girlfriend.”Mr. Mason says that he doesn’t go for looks and finds Rebecca’s 36 attitude particularly attractive. “It is her personality, her 37 and passion that has made me fall for her. We share the same ideas and interestsand she has made me look at life in a new way. For a long time I couldn’t really see light at the end of the tunnel, but since Rebecca’s been in my life I’ve got a whole new 38 of worth and excitement.”Mr. Mason 39 to his incredible size by eating ten times the amount needed by a normal man due to a compulsive eating disorder. As his weight rose sharply he was left unable to stand or walk before finally becoming bed-ridden and being looked after full time by carers.Firefighters had to knock down the front wall of his 40 home so they could use a fork lift truck to lift him out and put him into an ambulance when he needed an operation in 2002.【答案】31-40 FDAEJ IKCGH【难度】中等Your shoes are changing your feet. The ankles of people who ___31___ wear shoes are different to those of people who tend to walk barefoot. In many industrial societies, people tend to wear shoes from a young age. However, many people around the world often go barefoot, or wear only very thin footwear.“We know that there are some ___32___ in the feet of modern humans, due to the use of shoes,” says Rita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy. But most ___33___ findings relate to the front and middle of the foot. She and her team have focused on the ankle instead. They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 ___34___ from North America, Africa and Europe. These ___35___ sandal-wearing(穿凉鞋的) Nguni farmers in southern Africa, people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter-gatherers.The hunter-gatherers’ ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities, and there were other differences in the shape. “They are mostly related to footwear-related behaviours and movement behaviours,” says Sorrentino. The hunter-gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land. Their ankles were relatively ___36___. In contrast, people who live in big cities, who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads, had more unbending ankles.Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person’s life, and there is no evidence that these alterations can be passed on ___37___.According to Sorrentino, ___38___ evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10,000 years. For instance, a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300years old. Early shoes were all fairly soft, so wouldn’t have ___39___ the motion of the ankle much.It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages, but Sorrentino ___40___ that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking.【答案】31-35 CKFED36-40 ABIGJ【难度】中等Previously, some MoD files about UFOs had been published online at the U.K. National Archives (国家档案馆) website, The Telegraph reported. However, all of the agency’s UFO reports will be ___32___ this year on “a dedicated web page,” a spokesperson for the British Royal Air Force (RAF) told The Telegraph.The decision came after PA Media, a British news agency, filed a request for the UFO files under a/an ___33___ on information, according to The Telegraph. MoD officials decided “it would be better to publish these records, rather than continue ___34___ documents to the National Archives,” the RAF spokesperson said.The U.K.’s ___35___ with UFOs began around 1950, urging the MoD to form the Flying Saucer Working Party to ___36___ the phenomenon, according to the U.K. National Archives. UFOs in the early 1950s even captured the attention of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who sent a memo to his air minister in 1952 ___37___, “What does all this stuff about flying saucers amount to? What can it mean? What is the truth?”The flying saucer group concluded that UFOs were delusions (错觉) or ___38___ objects, recommending “that no further investigation of reported mysterious phenomena in the air be ___39___.” Nevertheless, other MoD divisions continued the work of official UFO investigation in the U.K.After MoD enacted a policy change on Dec.1st, 2009, the agency no longer recorded or investigated any UFO ___40___, according to the report. But what they did find—including many recent UFO reports that were previously available only as hard copies—will be published online within the next few months, said Nick Pope, a former UFO investigator for the MoD.【答案】31-40 FAECG DIKJH【难度】中等偏难screen. However, the music kept 31 , so all as well －or so I thought.Thirty minutes later, I could see only one-tenth of my screen while the rest was pitch-black. The next morning, I decided not to go to the phone store for 24 hours, I felt a(n) 32 sense of calm that day, which led to my not going for one week. One week ended up becoming 60 days without my smartphone.Here are three 33 I noticed and why you may want to consider a smartphone detox (戒除期) yourself:●You'll become boredWhile in line at a Starbucks, I noticed how every individual had their head down, eyes fixed on their smartphone. With nothing to distract myself with during the waiting period, I became bored, and my mind 34 through all sorts of topics.Boredom is 35 something we avoid at all costs. However, boredom is the perfect way to make a(n) 36 on a business idea or project. When you enter a state of boredom, you allow your mind to relax and escape from the realities of today to the infinite 37 of tomorrow.●You'll be able to dramatically reduce your "work" hoursA study found that adults ages 18 to 33 38 their smartphones 85 times a day, or once every 10 minutes.As I learned during my experiment, placing some distance between myself and my device helped me fall into deep work more easily.By not having my smartphone, my distraction time went down and thus my hours of work were spent more efficiently and effectively. On numerous occasions, I found myself 39 what to do with the afternoon since I had already completed my high-impact tasks for the day.●Your mental well-being will receive a boost (提高)Obviously, without a cellphone, I experienced a lack of 40 news and comments. While that helped cause a dramatic boost in my mental well-being, the biggest reason for it was truly connecting to people.【答案】31-40 FHCAJ DKGBI【难度】中等9、2020奉贤二模A. essentiallyB. roundC. stuckD. spiritsE. encouragingF. desperatelyG. strengths H. frustrating I. spilling J. collective K. sealedIt started with the national anthem. Then came the piano chords, trumpet blasts, violin serenades (小夜曲) and even the clanging of pots and pans--all of it (31) ______ from people’s homes, out of windows and from balconies, and resounding across rooftops.Finally, on Saturday afternoon, a nationwide (32) ______ of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europe’s worst coronavirus outbreak.Italians remain (33) ______ under house arrest as the nation, the European front in the global fight against the coronavirus, has ordered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infection.But the music and noise erupting over the streets, from people (34) ______ in their homes, reflects the spirit, resilience and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World War.To the extent that this is a virus that tries people’s souls, it has also demonstrated the (35) ______ of those national characters.In China, patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring (36) ______ needed food to the people of Wuhan, the epicenter of the outbreak. In Iran, videos show doctors in full combat dress and masks dancing to keep (37) ______ up. And in Italy, the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the country’s empty streets, while social media feeds fill with (38) ______, sentimental and humorous web videos.Images of nurses collapsed from exhaustion or their faces bruised(使受瘀伤) from tightly (39) ______ masks have also spread across the web in recent days. Parents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title “It will all be OK.”“We’re Italians, and loving singing is part of our culture,” said Giorgio Albertini, 51, an archaeology professor who clapped from his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan, calling it a way “to feel a community, and to have the (40) ______ grief.”【答案】31-40IBACG FDEKJ【难度】中等10、2020闵行二模A. labelB. bearsC. burdenedD. illustratesE. implementF. guaranteedG. presentedH. hitI. entry J. nationalized K. groundThe “Penny Black”, the first postage stamp issued in Britain and, more importantly, the first postage stamp issued anywhere, ___31___ the image of Queen Victoria, but thefirst British postal service did not originate in Victorian England. In 1680, WilliamDockwra started a public service that ___32___ the quick delivery of a letter anywhere inLondon. His system was quickly ___33___ with Dockwra in charge. It was far from a perfectsystem, ___34___ with seemingly improper charges that made it unreasonably expensiveto send a letter. Worse still, recipients were expected to pay. As you might imagine, this___35___ some problems — either people weren’t home or flat-out refused to pay. The system just didn’t work, but it remained in place for far too long.About 50 years later, to do better, Rowland Hill argued for putting an end to the postal charges and replacingthem with a single national rate of one penny, which would be paid by the sender.When the post office ignored Hill’s ideas, he self-published his essay and it quickly gained ___36___ among the public. Hill was then ordered by Postmaster General Lord Lichfield to discuss postal reform and, during their subsequent meeting, the two men conceived of a gluey ___37___ that could be applied to envelopes to indicate payment. Though it had gained support with the public who longed for an affordable way to connect with distant friends and family, officials still weren’t convinced. Thankfully, Hill was far from alone in his passion for reform. He eventually earned enough support from other like-minded individuals to convince Parliament to ___38___ his system.In 1839, Hill held a competition to design all the necessary postal facility. The winning stamp ___39___ describing the young Queen’s profile came from one William Wyon, who based the design on a medal he created to celebrate her first visit to London.The “Penny Black” stamp went on sale on May 1, 1840. It was an immediate ___40___.Suddenly, the country seemed a lot smaller. The Penny Black’s design was so well received that it remained in use for forty years. 【答案】31-40. BFJCG KAEIH【难度】中等偏难Curiosity and Globalization are Driving a New Approach to Travel Today’s political climate and negative headlines seem to point towards a more inward-looking global population—minds narrowing, borders going up. But with more people living and working overseas and becoming exposed to influences from different cultures, many of us are seeking a(n) ___31___, connected world.According to the recently published study from Culture Trip, 60% of people in the US and UK say that their outlook on life is shaped by the ___32___ from different cultures. As a society, we not only want to discover and experience other cultures, we want to learn from them, too. This is one of the many positive side effects of globalization. At the same time, the economic landscape of the last decade has resulted in a shift in values away from ___33___, with younger generations more interested in collecting experiences than possessions.Welcome to the “new culture economy”.The collision (碰碰) of two trends—globalization and the experience economy—has ___34___ a new attitude to travel, with cultural curiosity at its heart. This is the “new culture economy”. The phenomenon is having a powerful impact on people’s interactions and definitions of ___35___ exploration, and presents an incredible commercial opportunity.While globalization is usually talked about in the context of the ___36___ of trade and capital between countries, we shouldn’t forget that the ___37___ force behind it all is people. Education, travel, exposure to other customs and geographies and the cultural integration (碰碰) are the more influential social effects of globalization. People are increasingly living or working in countries other than the ones in which they were born—more than half of respondents from the study have friends living overseas, all of which has ___38___ in more interaction with global cultures.Also, student debt and unaffordable housing have created a(n)___39___ in spending patterns, and so a new set of values has emerged in which experiences matter more than ownership. Travel is absolutely necessary to most people’s lives—in fact, nearly half of all respondents cut down on their daily expenses so they can save money to travel more. For “generation rent” in particular, no matter how expensive an experience or a trip, it is still more ___40___ than a house.【答案】31-40 FDEHB ICGJA【难度】中等China’s new e-commerce law, which was passed last August, took effect on January 1. The law comes amid the rapid development of China into the world’s largest e-commerce market.The law aims to regulate the market and create a sound (31) _________ environment. It covers the requirement for registration and licensing of e-commerce operators, taxation, electronic payment, etc. It also (32) _________ other important aspects of e-commerce, including false advertising, consumer protection, data protection, intellectual property and cybersecurity.The new law will apply to three types of operators. These include e-commerce (33) _________ operators like Taobao, third-party merchants who sell goods and services on e-commerce platforms, and online vendors (供应商) who do business via other network (34) _________, such as social media sites. It means that merchants who sell goods through non-traditional e-commerce platforms, such as WeChat, will fall under the new law. These sellers will now need to finish their business registration and pay (35) _________ taxes.The law will make all e-commerce platform operators (36) _________ responsible with the merchants for selling any fake or knock-off goods on their websites. Before the law took effect, individual merchants were solely responsible when caught selling liable (负有偿付责任的) goods.The implementation of the law may bring (37) ________ on online retail (零售) companies and merchants selling goods through social media sites. Many private shopping agents (known as daigou) are considering whether to continue the service under the new policy since it will increase the management cost and lead to a rise in the product price.But the new law does not aim to (38) _________ small to medium sized online retailer. Instead, it helps lay the legal foundation for the growth of the e-commerce business industry, (39) _________ order in the market and further promotes its growth.Besides, the law will help clean up China’s reputation as a (40) _________ source of fake or knock-off goods. In the long term, consumers will benefit from it.【答案】31-40KGJEB DCAFI【难度】中等At the Oscars, Parasite Makes Best Picture HistoryAt Sunday’s Oscars, on a night when almost everything went as planned and as usual, the one true surprise came in the biggest moment of all.For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He __31__ three warm and generous speeches, including one when he won for his directing and thanked fellow nominees (被提名的人) Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of his career, __32__.And, while he gave most of his speeches in Korean with interpreter Sharon Choi, when he won the first one, he stopped and noted in English: “This is very first Oscar to South Korea.” The affection in the room for the filmwas __33__ every time it was mentioned, as well as in its great competition of award.The evening began three and a half hours earlier with a(n) __34__ of the old and the new: the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be the __35__ Oscars opening, but in the absence of a traditional host, it was performed by the thoroughly modern Janelle Monáe. A version of her own song Come Alive was __36__ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. The speech that followed, however, was much more __37__ and unpleasant, despite the best efforts of Chris Rock and Steve Martin, the latter of whom __38__ blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo.The awards in general have been heavily criticized for how white the nominees are, the failure to nominate any women directors in a year when several made highly regarded films, and plenty of other lack of inclusivity. The Academy’s __39__ with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers. Several presenters made mention of the __40__ at issue, which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.【答案】31-40 G F K A H J C B D I【难度】中等No one can be happy and cheerful forever. So it’s important they see a mental-health __31__ who can provide effective options for treatment when someone has clinical depression known as the state of feeling very sad, anxious and without hope. But there’s also a condition known as subthreshold depression in which someone __32__ some symptoms of depressive disorder, but not enough for a clinical diagnosis.It’s estimated that between 10% and 24% of the population has this kind of mild depression at some point in their lives. And for those people, a new study suggests that practicing thinking __33__ in silence may help improve their mood and reduce their risk of developing depression. The study, published in the Annals of Family Medicine, __34__ yet another reason why deep thinking may be good for both physical and mental health.The study included 231 Chinese adults with subthreshold depression, meaning their __35__ between five and nine out of a total of 27 points on a standard depression __36__. Half received mindfulness training two hours a week for eight weeks, while the other half continued to receive their usual medical care.During the mindfulness training, participants were instructed on setting short- and long-term goals; __37__ their activity and mood; planning out their activities; and body scanning. They were asked to practice them at home at least six days a week.These techniques combine traditional deep thinking with __38__ activation, a type of therapy that uses an “outside in” approach to help people change the way they act and aims to increase rewarding experiences in their lives. It has been shown to be effective for moderate to severe depression in other studies, and the researchers wanted to know if it would work as a __39__ measure as well.At the end of those eight weeks, the group that received mindfulness training reported a significant decrease in depression and __40__ symptoms compared to the group that did not. And no participants had developed clinical depression.【答案】31-40 DHKAF BJCIE【难度】中等。

上海市2024年高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼)

1.2024届上海市宝山区高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼) F.costly A.processG.crucial B.impacting H.highly C.appearance I.legal D.linked J.pause E.assessmentK.marketed Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades.Traditional tobacco products,such as cigarettes,have been 31to a wide range of health problems,including cancer,heart disease,respiratory (呼吸的)disorders and others.According to a survey,78.3percent of smokers start smoking before age 20.Taiwan Province of China has raised the 32smoking age to 20or above.By instituting this change,they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.Despite being 33as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes,heated tobacco products (HTPs)are stillconsidered tobacco.As such,they pose significant dangers to human health.The heating 34used in these products35addictive releases harmful chemicals and poisons,including tar (焦油),carbon monoxide and nicotine,a(n)substance.HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking.To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and36their health,Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk 37review mechanism.Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured,imported and sold to consumers.The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers 38and encourage them to quit.Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases,including cancer,heart disease,and breathing problems.Quitting smoking can also improve your 39.Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth.Quitting can lead tohealthier skin,whiter teeth and fresher breath.Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell.By stopping tobaccouse,your senses recover,leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.Unfortunately,quitting tobacco isn't easy.Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness,irritability (易怒)and difficulty concentrating.Supportive social for overcoming these things and living a smoke-freeenvironments,coping strategies and professional help are40 life.答案：31.D 32.I 33.K 34.A 35.H 36.B 37.E 38.J 39.C 40.G上海市2024年高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十(小猫钓鱼)A.activateB.amountedparedD.energeticE.guidelinesF.identif yG.image H.influenced I.respects J.review K.substantialExercise Can Help Prevent Depression,Study FindsHow often do you exercise?A new31from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression,even if they exercise less than the recommended amount.The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in2.5to5hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and15minutes to2.5hours of32aerobic(有氧的)exercise per week or some combination of the two.Adults who took a walk for what33to2.5hours per week were less likely to develop depression than those who didn’t exercise at all,the study found.But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all,according to researchers.“In this study,a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n)34 decrease in risks of depression,”the study says.The researchers analyzed15studies with nearly200,000participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an18%lower risk of depression 35with adults who did not exercise,the study says.Participants who exercised the recommended amount had a 25%lower risk of depression than those who did not.Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly36 depression risk,according to researchers.Many37of exercise can lead to improved mental health.For example,working out can increase circulation (血液循环)to the brain and38the central nervous system,leading to what many refer to as a“runners high,”the study says.More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body39,which can cause a person to be more social,researchers say.Nearly5%of adults in the U.S.report regular feelings of depression,according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Among the study participants,researchers estimate that1in every9cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise40,the study says.答案：31.J32.D33.B34.K35.C36.H37.I38.A39.G40.EA.floode dB.leapsC.increasinglybinesE.reflectsF.emphasizingG.pioneering H.crafted I.technical J.unexpectedly K.classicChinese animations(动画)are boomingThe“Black Cat Detective”,released40years ago,was a childhood favorite for many Chinese.Since then,Chinese cartoons have come a long way.While“Black Cat Detective”was simply drawn,current cartoons feature_____31_____ advances and fascinating plots.One example is“Boonie Bears:Time Twist”,a family-friendly adventure released in February,with smooth animation reminding us of Pixar,a_____32_____animation studio now owned by Disney.These recent_____33_____in quality have enabled Chinese cartoons to succeed at the domestic box office.“Ne Zha:Birth of the Demon Child”was the most well-received film in China in2019,_____34_____beating out“Avengers: Endgame”,a superhero movie by Marvel Studios.In the1960s,China’s animation industry saw a big downturn as American and Japanese films_____35_____into the Chinese market,dominating both domestic television and cinema screens.As a result,Chinese animators _____36_____began to work for western studios.However,things changed in2015with the release of“Monkey King: Hero is Back”,a breakthrough for Chinese animation.This film,based on the timeless_____37_____“Journey to the West”,signaled a new era of creativity and success in the industry.The main character,the Monkey King,is depicted(刻画)as going through a mid-life crisis,which_____38_____the director’s view that cartoons are not just for children.Light Chaser Animation,a Beijing-based studio,has contributed to the popularity of cartoons in China.Its production“30,000Miles from Chang’an”_____39_____elements of Chinese culture,history,and legends with aesthetic(美学的)feeling of Tang dynasty poetry.Indeed,traditional themes are widespread among successful Chinese animations,_____40_____the importance of traditional culture as a foundation for Chinese animation.Like other industries,cartoons in China are inspired by Western innovations but with added“Chinese characteristics”.答案：31-35IGBJA36-40CKEDFScience in Image sOyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world,but they should be offthe menu for hungry worms --which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat.Nowresearchers finally know how they do it.A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use aparticular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫).The mushrooms,which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood,then 31the worms for nutrition.“Nematodes happen to be the most32animals these mushrooms encounter.So I think,33,this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,”says study senior author.The study team of geneticists,biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow34the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells,killing them.This35differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.For their new work,the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue,finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up.They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of36compound that disappears into air when disturbed.When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and 37analyzed the nearby air,they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny,special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface.When nematodes touch the mushrooms,these structures 38their gas,disturbing the worms’cell walls to cause immobility and death.The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.Before this study,“we underestimated the 39to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,”notes Nick Talbot,a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich,England.The study demonstrates “a very 40approach,”he adds.“These organisms are really difficult to work on,and Dr.Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”答案：31.B 32.C 33.E 34.G 35.H 36.K 37.J 38.D 39.F 40.IA.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyF.extentG.freeze H.mechanism I.novel J.subsequently K.unstable Oyster mushroomOpenAI Unveils A.I.that Instantly Generates Eye-Popping VideosLast April,a New York start-up called Runway AI revealed technology that let people generate videos.The four-second videos were shadowy and disturbing.But they were a clear sign that artificial intelligence technologies would generate increasingly__31__videos sooner.Just10months later,OpenAI has revealed a similar system,Sora, that creates videos that look as if they were lifted from a Hollywood movie.OpenAI is among the many companies__32__to improve this kind of instant video generator.The technology could__33__the work of experienced moviemakers.It could also become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online__34__,making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet.In an interview,the team behind the technology said the company was not yet releasing Sora to the public because it was still working to understand the system’s__35__.The intention here is to give a(n)__36__of what is likely to happen soon,so that people can see the capabilities of this technology.Like other generative A.I.technologies,OpenAI’s system learns by analyzing digital data—in this case,videos and subtitles describing what those videos contain.OpenAI declined to say how many videos the system learned from or where they came from,except to say the training included both__37__available videos and videos that were licensed from copyright holders.The company says little about the data used to train its technologies,most likely because it wants to__38__an advantage over competitors.Sora generates videos in__39__to short descriptions.Though the videos can be impressive,they may include strange and__40__images.The system,for example,recently generated a video of someone eating a cookie—but the cookie never got any smaller.答案：31-40AHJBC FGEIDThe Curious World of BatsNot all bats are unbelievably adorable,like the one below.Many of them have___31___faces and large ears that help them“see”in the dark,using echo location(回声定位).But all bats are,without adoubt,___32___creatures.Scientists are typically reluctant to___33___about bats because they make up sucha large and diverse group of winged animals.With nearly1,500species,bats___34___about one-fifth of all mammal(哺乳动物)species on Earth.But one thing that can be said about them as a group is that they are,in not-so-scientific terms,very odd.“They break all the___35___,”said Cori Lausen,a bat expert at the environmental group Wildlife Conservation Society Canada.Being able to fly is just one of their___36___,since mammals rarely fly.Apart from that,bats can also push their heart rate to extreme highs and lows—as slow as one beat per minute.Many bat species can go into a period of deep sleep,known as“torpor”,for a few hours a day or even for weeks to___37___energy when it’s cold or food is unavailable.And while most small mammals have short lives and lots of babies,some bats can live for two decades or more and typically have just one baby per year.For how much energy they need,it’s also surprising that many bat species,including most of those in the US,rely on insects alone for food.They have to eat ridiculous quantities of them.A mom that is___38___a baby can catch more than4,000insects in one night.Oddly,although bats can fly,they can’t easily take off from a(n)___39___position,like most birds and insects do. That’s one reason why they hang upside down—bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling.“For them,it’s not upside down,”Frick said.“It’s flight-side ready!”While bats remain highly understudied relative to birds and other mammals,scientists are___40___the alarm.In North America,more than half of all bat species are at risk of severe population decline.Climate change,they say, threatens to only speed up their extinction.答案：31-40BDIJK EAFCHWill AI allow humans to play a part?Rebecca used to have a regular job,translating a fashion brand’s website into German.One day a big change happened.The company(31)______to using machine translation.She kept the job,and it still paid the bills;however, she was now there to check and(32)______whatever was produced by the computer.But there was a complaint.“What it meant,(33)______,was that we humans were training a machine,”she says.Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt,each pair of skinny jeans,was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her.With the(34) ______of chat programs that can imitate humans,the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means.What will it do for our jobs if many once(35)______professions—law,accountancy,medicine—disappear?What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most(36)______—intelligence—has become the cheapest product on the planet?Translators,for good and ill,don’t have to wonder.“You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a(37)______of the world,”says Nicki Bone,chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting.Not all of them are adjusting.“Of course,we have our(38)______,”but she adds,“There are also opportunities,and optimists.”The speed of change,though,has been(39)______.Increasingly,says Bone,she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass,rather than translators of the raw material.For some,that’s fine.“People will say,‘OK,instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour,I’m working at many more words per hour,but for a much lower rate.’Some are happy to take on.Some won’t,as a matter of principle.”As we are(40)______at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing,translators are,compared with the rest of the professions,sensitive.Anyway,this technology is here to stay.答案：31~40KJAHI FGDCBA new way to reduce poachingResearchers are working on a pilot program backed by Russia’s Rosatom Corp to inject rhino horns（犀牛角）with radioactive material,a strategy that could discourage consumption and make it easier to detect illegal trade.Poachers（偷猎者）killed394rhinos in South Africa for their horns last year,government data shows,with public and private game__31__lacking the resources needed to monitor vast tracts of land and protect the animals that live there.While the toll was a third lower than in2019and the sixth__32__drop,illegal hunting remains the biggest threat to about20,000of the animals in the country—the world’s biggest population.Thousands of__33__sensors along international borders could be used to detect a small quantity of radioactive material__34__into the horns,according to James Larkin,a professor at the University of Witswatersrand in Johannesburg,who has a background in radiation protection and nuclear security.“A whole new__35__of people could be able to detect the illegal movement of rhino horn,”he said.Some alternate methods of discouraging poaching, including poisoning,dyeing and removing the horns,have raised a variety of opinions as to their virtue and efficacy.Known as The Rhisotope Project,the new anti-poaching__36__started earlier this month with the injection of an amino acid（氨基酸）into two rhinos’horns in order to detect whether the compound will move into the animals’bodies. Also,__37__studies using computer modeling and a replica rhino head will be done to determine a safe dose of radioactive material.Rhino horn is used in traditional medicine,as it is believed to cure disease such as cancer,__38__ as a show of wealth and given as gifts.“If we make it radioactive,these people will be hesitant to buy it,”Larkin said.“We’re pushing on the whole supply chain.”Besides Russia’s state-owned nuclear company,the University of Witwatersrand,scientists and private rhino owners are involved in the project.If the method is__39__feasible,it could also be used to curb illegal trade in elephant ivory.“Once we have developed the whole project and got to the point where we completed the proof of concept,then we will be making this whole idea__40__to whoever wants to use it,”Larkin said.答案：31-35DEKFA36-40IGCJBA.contrastB.instructe dC.concentratingD.potentialE.touchingF.playedG.better H.specialized I.spot J.follow K.tracing Unfamiliar Music May Help People Chat at PartiesIf you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party,make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.To explore how background music affects the way we 31conversations,researchers Jane Brown and Gavin Bidelman conducted a study analyzing the brain activity of 31individuals aged 21and 33.During the experiment,participants listened to 72minutes of an audiobook (有声读物),which the pair used as a replacement for32on someone talking,while background music was accompanied by the audiobook for most of the time.For half of the experiment,the participants were asked to focus on 2-minute parts of an unfamiliar audiobook read by a man.The rest of the time,they were told to focus on four background songs,which were similarly33for 2minutes at a time.This34in voices aimed to assess participants’ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.During the experiment,all the participants wore35caps to monitor the electrical activity taking place in their brains.This 36of electrical activity was the key.It allowed Brown and Bidelman to discover how efficiently theseindividuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music when37to do so.The finding revealed that the participants could 38turn their attention to the audiobook if the background music was unfamiliar to them.Following the task,the participants completed a music perception survey evaluating their musical skills,such as the capacity to 39whether a pair of similar-sounding tunes are the same.Notably,those with lower musical scoresdemonstrated slower attentional shifts between songs and audiobooks,suggesting a(n)40link between musical ability and attention management skills.答案：31.J 32.C 33.F 35.H36.K 37.B 38.G 39.I 34.A 40.D上海市浦东新10.2024届区A.backfirepensateC.exten 小猫钓鱼高三英语二模专题汇编：十一选十()d D.impressive E.meaningfulF.measureG.needleH.overallI.perceiveJ.punishmentK.typicallyWhy You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose WeightMany of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting(or restarting)exercise regimens(练身计划)in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds.Unquestionably,aiming to be more active is good.But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well__31__.For starters,exercise—at least the kind most of us do—is__32__ineffective for weight loss.Take walking,for example.A150-pound person who walks briskly for30minutes will burn,on average,around140calories.That’s equal to one can of soda—not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort.It’s much easier just to skip the soda.Studies__33__show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for30minutes a day,five days a week—the amount recommended for good health—typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.When moderate exercise is added to diet,the results are equally not__34__.Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.In studies where exercise has produced__35__weight loss,participants burned at least400to500calories per session on five or more days a week.To achieve that,sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do.And even if we manage to exert that much effort,our bodies often__36__by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism,effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into__37__.How many times have you heard someone say(or said yourself)“I’ll need to do extra exercise”after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner?The point is that we’re more likely to__38__exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight.The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress.Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.Of course,the benefits of physical activity__39__well beyond these.It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases.It can also improve sleep and boost energy.By all means,striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health.But to improve the odds of success,focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally—and forget about how it moves the__40__on the scale.答案：31-35AKHDE36-40BJICGA.empowersB.termedC.interactio nD.implicationsE.advancesF.questionG.obtainedH.additionallyI.pressureJ.currentlyK.definingA New Era of Creative PartnershipsIn a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI,researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof.Jacob Sherson,director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence,together with international partners,discuss research and societal(31)______of creativity and AI.The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-creativity,the interaction between humans and machines towards what is(32)______a human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence. In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面)that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best(33)______each other.Rafner comments:To date,most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer(34) ______and focus on the abilities of the AI,and the interaction design and dynamics.While these(35)______are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法)and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product,there is an urgent need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity(36)______over the past decades in the psychological sciences.“Right now,we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative?One reason for this is that(37)______creativity is not set in stone.When investigating human only,machine only,and human-AI co-creativity,we need to consider the type and level of creativity under(38)______,from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention;(39)______,it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like,what are the similarities and differences in human cognition,behavior,motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能)between human-AI co-creativity and human creativity?”explains Rafner.We,(40)______,don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines,because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear.Looking ahead,researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding,towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.答案：31-35D B A C E36-40G K F H JA.accompaniedB.allowedC.feasiblyD.fueledE.intensityF.optionG.promptingH.routin eI.surgically J.underlying K.variedBrain Signals for Lasting PainBrain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity31patients’lasting pain.That has raised the hope that brain stimulation treatment already used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out of any other32.“We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,”said Prasad Shirvalkar,lead researcher on the project at the University of California.Lasting pain affects nearly28million adults in the UK alone,and the causes are33,ranging from cancer to back problems.That being the case,lasting pain has34a rise in taking powerful painkillers.But no medical treatments work well for the condition,35experts to call for a complete rethink in how health services handle patients with lasting pain.For the latest study,Shirvalkar and his colleagues36implanted electrodes(电极)into four patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs.The devices37the patients to record activity and collect data in two brain regions—the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a remote handset.Several times a day,the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the38of pain,meaning how strong the pain was,and then record their brain activity.These scientists,armed with the survey responses and brain recordings,found they could use computers to predict a person’s pain based on the electrical signals in their OFC.“We found very different brain activity 39severe pain and have developed an objective biomarker for that kind of pain,”said Shirvalkar.The finding may explain,at least in part,why40painkillers are less effective for lasting pain.“The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”答案：31-35JFKDG36-40IBEAHA.conservationB.relocat eC.momentarilyD.programE.criticalF.initiativeG.ensureH.permanentlyI.additionalJ.reserveK.unexpectedA team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga,grantee of The Explorers ClubDiscovery Expeditions and researcher at Khamai Foundation,discovered three newcryptozoic(living underground)snakes dwelling under graveyards(墓地)and churchesin remote towns in the Andes region of Ecuador.It was an exploration that led to the most(31)_______of places.First published in the journal,Zookeys,Arteaga and his team named the smallbrown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and(32)_______of remote cloud forests in the tropics.The Discovery Ground Snake(Atractus discovery)was found underground in a small graveyard.Two(33)_______ new species were found near an old church and inside a small school.Destruction of the snake's native forest habitat may have forced them to(34)_______to these people-less areas according to Arteaga's findings.Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants(35)_______,a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond.The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis, prevent the extinction of species and cultures,and(36)_______the health of the Earth and its inhabitants.Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (ZGAP),a(n)(37)_______seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment.Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin,grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin.Through conservation organization Re:wild,the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of(38)_______habitat throughout the world.“The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,”says Arteaga.“We have already started the process of establishing a nature(39)_______to protect the ground snakes.This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles,even if it meant (40)_______disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.”答案：31-35KAIBF36-40GDEJC。

2020上海高三英语二模汇编---十一选十

2020上海高三英语二模汇编---十一选十Giving kids allowances in the smartphone ageAllowances are a constant. No matter how much technology interferes with the parent-child relationship, kids still want money and parents still want to impart (赋予) a basic work ethic. But putting stickers on chore (日常事务) charts and dropping coins in piggy banks don’t cut it with the smartphone generation.Parents in search of more 31 ways to teach children the value of money are turning to allowance-tracking apps, where kids can see their 32 rise and fall in real time.Bonnie Koon, a mother of three in Crawfordville, Fla., used to post a calendar on her refrigerator 33 her kids chores, to the embarrassment of her 16-year-old twins. After seeing a Facebook ad for the app Greenlight, she 34 it.Greenlight links to parents’ bank accounts so that the payout can be seamless. Parents can encourage saving by paying interest on the money that isn’t spent 35 — interest out of the parents’ own pockets, of course.It’s the first taste of 36 freedom for many kids, and it’s set in a relatively safe environment. Parents can determine spending limits and choose the retailers（零售商）where a child can make 37 . If a child attempts to buy something at an unapproved store or to spend more than the limit, the transaction (交易) is 38 and parents get a notification. And if a kid loses the card, parents can immediately cancel it from the app.One of Ms. Koon’s twins, Brenna, works part time at a restaurant. She’s putting half of her pay check into a car-insurance savings fund she set up in the app, with the goal of saving $450 by July. With each 39 , the app gives Brenna a progress update.Some parents might worry that relying on apps to get kids to do chores only encourages them to be on their phones more. But parents who have chosen this approach argue that they are meeting their kids where they are and that it takes the 40 nagging (唠叨) out of the equation. The real-time look at their accounts makes the concepts of saving and spending more tangible than reviewing a bank statement.31- 40: FBIEH GKCDA2.黄浦区How to work from home?There are many things that contribute to becoming a successful work-from-home employee. As more companies across nearly every industry accommodate an increasing number of employees wishing to avoid traffic jam and office cold lunch, remote work has become an increasingly easy and ___31___ practical option for many who seek it. Here is a modest guide to becoming a successful remote employee.Before ___32___ completely from the office, check with your corporate IT department and your manager to see if you are equipped with the programs and applications necessary to work remotely. Security first: If you connect to your company’s internal systems or email through a Virtual Private Network or other secure tunnel, make sure you’ve tested it and that it ___33___ from where you plan to work. Also, have a(n) ___34___ plan in the event your connection experiences disturbance.The same advice applies to internet ___35___. Make sure that if the wireless internet in your home office fails, you can still connect continuously through your smartphone, set up as a Wi-Fi hot spot. To do this, make sure you have the right wireless plan, especially if you handle large files.The ability to communicate quickly and reliably is the most priceless quality a remote employee needs to succeed. Do ___36___ your manager or boss frequently. Make sure group chat service and tools are installed and you know how to use them, and make your ___37___ known to your colleagues when you are available and working.Set ___38___ if you’re working at home by explaining to family members or children that your work area is off limits, and they should avoid ___39___ unless it’s important.Find time to go for short walks to help inspire productivity and creativity. One of the blessings of working remotely is the opportunity to live a more active lifestyle instead of being ___40___, but it’s important to make activity a habit.31-35: CFGAD36-40: KIBHEAt the Oscars, Parasite Makes Best Picture HistoryAt Sunday’s Oscars, on a night when almost everything went as planned and as usual, the one true surprise came in the biggest moment of all.For the first time ever, a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite, a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets, took the big prize. Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay. He __31__ three warm and generous speeches, including one when he won for his directing and thanked fellow nominees (被提名的人) Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of hiscareer, __32__.And, while he gave most of his speeches in Korean with interpreter Sharon Choi, when he won the first one, he stopped and noted in English: “This is very first Oscar to South Korea.” The affection in the room for the film was __33__ every time it was mentioned, as well as in its great competition of award.The evening began three and a half hours earlier with a(n) __34__ of the old and the new: the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be the __35__ Oscars opening, but in the absence of a traditional host, it was performed by the thoroughly modern Janelle Monáe. A version of her own song Come Alive was __36__ by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers. The speech that followed, however, was much more __37__ and unpleasant, despite the best efforts of Chris Rock and Steve Martin, the latter of whom __38__ blew the name of best actress nominee Cynthia Erivo.The awards in general have been heavily criticized for how white the nominees are, the failure to nominate any women directors in a year when several made highly regarded films, and plenty of other lack of inclusivity. The Academy’s __39__ with that criticism seemed evident: There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees, but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers. Several presenters made mention of the __40__ at issue, which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.31-40 G F K A H J C B D I4.松江区A. releasedB. eventuallyC. deliveringD.addressE. actF. formerlyG. fascinationH. sightingI. inquiringJ. undertakenK. misidentifiedFrom the early 1950s until 2009, a department in the United Kingdom’s Ministry of Defence (MoD) documented and investigated reports of UFOs. Now, more than a decade after the program ended, many of those ___31___ classified files about UFO will be made available to the public for the first time.Previously, some MoD files about UFOs had been published online at the U.K. National Archives(国家档案馆) website, The Telegraph reported. However, all of the agency’s UFO reports will be ___32___ this year on “a dedicated web page,” a spokesperson for the British Royal Air Force (RAF) told The Telegraph.The decision came after PA Media, a British news agency, filed a request for the UFO files under a/an ___33___ on information, according to The Telegraph. MoD officials decided “it would be better to publish these records, rather than continue ___34___ documents to the National Archives,” the RAF spokesperson said.The U.K.’s ___35___ with UFOs began around 1950, urging the MoD to form the Flying Saucer Working Party to ___36___ the phenomenon, according to the U.K. National Archives. UFOs in the early 1950s even captured the attention of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who sent a memo to his air minister in 1952 ___37___, “What does all this stuff about flying saucers amount to? What can it mean? What is the truth?”The flying saucer group concluded that UFOs were delusions (错觉) or ___38___ objects, recommending “that no further investigation of reported mysterious phenomena in the air be___39___.” Nevertheless, other MoD divisions continued the work of official UFO investigation in the U.K.After MoD enacted a policy change on Dec.1st, 2009, the agency no longer recorded or investigated any UFO ___40___, according to the report. But what they did find—including many recent UFO reports that were previously available only as hard copies—will be published online within the next few months, said Nick Pope, a former UFO investigator for the MoD.31—35 FAECG 36—40 DIKJH5.Wearing shoes can weaken ankle bonesYour shoes are changing your feet. The ankles of people who 31wear shoes are different to those of people who tend to walk barefoot. In many industrial societies, people tend to wear shoes from a young age. However, many people around the world often go barefoot, or wear only very thin footwear.“We know that there are some 32 in the feet of modern humans, due to the use of shoes,” says Rita Sorrentino at the University of Bologna in Italy. But most 33 findings relate to the front and middle of the foot. She and her team have focused on the ankle instead. They studied 142 ankle bones from 11 34from North America, Africa and Europe. These 35sandal-wearing (穿凉鞋的) Nguni farmers in southern Africa, people living in New York and bones from Stone Age hunter-gatherers.The hunter-gatherers’ ankle bones were significantly shorter than those of people living in modern cities, and there were other differences in the shape. “They are mostly related to footwear-related behaviours and movement behaviours,” says Sorrentino. The hunter-gatherers walked barefoot for long distances every day over natural land. Their ankles were relatively 36. In contrast, people who live in big cities, who wear tight footwear and walk short distances on flat surfaces like concrete roads, had more unbending ankles.Changes to ankle bones take place over the course of a person’s life, and there is no evidence that these alterations canbe passed on 37.According to Sorrentino, 38 evidence for people wearing shoes only exists for the past 10,000 years. For instance, a sandal from a Missouri cave may be 8300years old. Early shoes were all fairly soft, so wouldn’t have 39 the motion of the ankle much.It is an open question whether shoes have disadvantages, but Sorrentino 40 that the firmness of modern shoes causes our bones to become weaker and more likely to suffer from breaking.31-35 CKFED36-40 ABIGJThe series, which is celebrating its 50th anniversary this month, has the highest percentage of adult viewers of any children’s show. It has been televising lessons (31) ________ for youngchildren on everything from letters and numbers, healthy eating, and diversity and inclusion. For as long it’s been on the air, research on the show has (32) ________ demonstrated that it’s a highly effective educational tool.According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, media (33) ________ can be beneficial for young children, especially when they are shared with parents or caregivers. This is something that “Sesame Street” (芝麻街) has understood since its debut. Part of the show’s winning formula is not just its appeal to children — often with repetitive lessons, fast-paced editing and a(n) (34) ________ interesting style. The show’s ability to encourage adults to watch TV along with their children, known as co-viewing, is a large part of why the series remains a success.As an associate professor of Communication Studies at West Virginia University, I study Entertainment-Education, the practice of (35) ________ educational messages in entertaining media formats — such as popular TV shows, comic books or video games. The best way to attract people of all ages and cultures to messages that leave them better informed is to (36) ________ those messages into the media that they are naturally attracted in order to relax and have fun.In the 1990s, an experiment conducted by educational psychologist Gavriel Salomon demonstrated that the learning differences between underprivileged children and more (37) ________ children could be reduced when a parent co-viewed the show with them.One of the remarkable things about the study was that co-viewing was a(n) (38) ________ for children’s learning because their parents’ mere physical presence is enough to intensify emotions and enhance enjoyment.Years later, studies continued to uncover the benefits of parent-child co-viewing and parental involvement remains one of the key (39) ________ of "Sesame Street" educational strategy. In fact, the show is reported to (40) ________ the highest number of adult-child co-viewing experiences of any children's show, with nearly 50% of its viewers being over the age of 18.The show serves as a generational bridge. Parents of today’s preschoolers enjoy reliving some of their own memories of growing up watching "Sesame Street."No one can be happy and cheerful forever. So it’s important they see a mental-health __31__ who can provide effective options for treatment when someone has clinical depression known as the state of feeling very sad, anxious and without hope. But there’s also a condition known as subthreshold depression in which someone __32__ some symptoms of depressive disorder, but not enough for a clinical diagnosis.It’s estimated that between 10% and 24% of the population has this kind of mild depression at some point in their lives. And for those people, a new study suggests that practicing thinking __33__ in silence may help improve their mood and reduce their risk of developing depression. The study, published in the Annals of Family Medicine, __34__ yet another reason why deep thinking may be good for both physical and mental health.The study included 231 Chinese adults with subthreshold depression, meaning their __35__ between five and nine out of a total of 27 points on a standard depression __36__. Half receivedmindfulness training two hours a week for eight weeks, while the other half continued to receive their usual medical care.During the mindfulness training, participants were instructed on setting short- and long-term goals; __37__ their activity and mood; planning out their activities; and body scanning. They were asked to practice them at home at least six days a week.These techniques combine traditional deep thinking with __38__ activation, a type of therapy that uses an “outside in” approach to help people change the way they act and aims to increase rewarding experiences in their lives. It has been shown to be effective for moderate to severe depression in other studies, and the researchers wanted to know if it would work as a __39__ measure as well.At the end of those eight weeks, the group that received mindfulness training reported a significant decrease in depression and __40__ symptoms compared to the group that did not. And no participants had developed clinical depression.31.D 32. H 33. K 34. A 35. F 36. B 37. J 38. C 39. I 40. E8.徐汇区Why Humpback Whales (座头鲸) Protect Other Species from Killer Whales Robert Pitman, a marine ecologist, describes an encounter he witnessed in Antarctica in 2009.A group of killer whales were attacking a Weddell seal. The seal swam 31toward a pair of humpbacks that had inserted themselves into the action. One of the humpbacks rolled over on its back, and the seal was 32onto its chest, between the whale’s massive flippers (鳍). “That incident 33me,” he says. “Those humpbacks were doing something we couldn’t explain.”Pitman started asking other researchers and whale watchers to send him similar 34 . Soon he was reading through observations of 115 encounters between humpbacks and killer whales, recorded over 62 years. “There are some pretty astonishing videos of humpbacks 35 killer whales,” he says.In a 2016 article in Marine Mammal Science, a famous scientific journal, Pitman and his co-authors describe this behaviour and confirm that such acts of do-gooding are widespread. But knowing that something is happening and understanding why it’s happening are two different things. Pitman and his co-authors openly reflected on the meaning of these encounters. “Why,” they wrote, “would humpbacks 36interfere with attacking killer whales, spending time and energy on a potentially37activity, especially when the killer whales… were attacking other species of prey?”Interestingly, humpbacks don’t just hit on killer-whale attacks. They race toward them like firefighters into burning buildings. And like those rescue workers, humpbacks don’t know who is in danger until they get there. That’s because the sound that 38them to an attack isn’t the sad voice of the victim. It’s the excited calls of the killer whales. Pitman believes humpbacks have one simple instructi on: “When you hear killer whales attacking, go break it up.”I wonder what humpback whales care deeply enough about to actively swim into battle with killer whales. When I ask Pitman, he tells me that, it still comes down to selfishly 39their。

高三英语二模语法填空及十一选十

高三二模语法填空及十一选十(1)选词填空改编为十一选十It is important that scientists be seen as normal people asking and answering important questions. Good, sound science depends on (1)______experiments and reasoned methodologies. It requires a willingness to ask new questions and try new approaches. It requires one to take risks and experience failures. But good science also requires (2)_______ understanding, clear explanation and concise presentation. Our country needs more scientists who are willing to step out in the public (3)_______ and offer their opinions on important matters. We need more scientists who can explain what they are doing in language that is (4)_______ and understandable to the public. Those of us who are not scientists should also be prepared to support public engagement by scientists, and to (5)_______ scientific knowledge into our public communications.Too many people in this country, including some among our elected leadership, still do not understand how science works or why robust, long-range investments in research vitally matter. In the 1960s, the United States (6)_______ nearly 17% of discretionary (可酌情支配的) spending to research and development, (7)_______ decades of economic growth. By 2008，the figure had fallen into the single (8)_______. This occurs at a time when other nations have made significant gains in their own research capabilities.At the University of California (UC), we (9)_______ ourselves not only on the quality of our research, but also on its contribution to improving our world. To (10)______ the development of science from the lab bench to the market place, UC is investing our own money in our own good ideas.【答案】GBACI DKEJF(2)长篇阅读改编为六选四--part3When it comes to the hyper-connected（超高速连接的）super-smart world that technology firms are painting for us, it seems that consumers are growing more uneasy（不安的）about handing over the massive amounts of consumer data needed to provide the personalized, customized（定制的）solutions that companies need to improve their services. (1)____________.Companies have already won part of the battle, having driven tech into every part of our lives, tracking our steps and our very（真正的）heartbeats. Yet the persistent question of “Why do I need that?”~or, perhaps more tellingly（更显著地）, “Why do you need to know that?”dogs（长期困扰）the steps of many new ventures（投资项目）. Only 13 percent of respondents said that they were interested in buying a smartwatch in 2016, for example—an increase of just one percent from the previous year despite a year of high-profile launches. (2)____________. And the survey found flat demand（萎靡的需求）for fitness monitors, smart thermostats (恒温器)and connected home cameras, as well.(3)____________. In addition to many senior officials from the Federal Trade and Federal Communications commissions（联邦贸易和联邦通信委员会）, this year’slist of policy makers also includes appearances from Transportation Secretary（交通部部长）Anthony Foxx, to talk about smart cities, and Federal Aviation Administration Administrator（联邦航空管理局局长）Michael Huerta, to talk about drones. Curran, the Accenture analyst, said that increased government interest in the show makes sense as technology becomes a larger part of our lives. “There is an incompatibility（不兼容性）in the rate at which these are advancing relative to（与...比较起来）the way we，re-digesting it,” he said. “(4)____________. We have to understand and think about the implications（含义）, and balance these great innovations with the potential downsides they naturally carry with them.”【答案】CDBE（3）仔细阅读改编语法填空Passage OneThe Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year (1)_______(herald) a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs. Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders,” causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while (2)_______(incur) few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders,” who are suffering from the climate change impacts (3)_______ having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of (4)_______ are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker isfortunate enough (5)_______(smoke) in good health.The Pairs agreement (6)_______(hail) widely as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice”(7)_______ be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below” 2℃ is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges (8)_______(submit) by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilisation of the policies outlined in the agreement (9)_______ we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide (10)_______ they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.【答案】1.heralded 2.incurring 3.despite 4.which 5.to smoke 6.has been hailed 7.can 8.submitted 9.if 10.whetherPassage TwoTeenagers at risk of depression, anxiety and suicide often wear their troubles like a neon (霓虹灯) sign. Their risky behaviors---drinking too much alcohol, using illegal drugs, smoking cigarettes and skipping school---(1)_______ alert parents and teachersthat serious problems are brewing.But a new study finds that there’s another group of adolescents who are in nearly as much danger of experiencing the same psychiatric symptoms: teens who use tons of media, don’t get enough sleep and have a sedentary (不爱活动的)lifestyle.Of course, that may sound like a description of every teenager on the planet. But the study warns that it is teenagers who engage in all three of these practices in the extreme who are truly in jeopardy. Because their behaviors usually (2)_______(not see) as a red flag, these young people have been dubbed the “invisible risk” group by the study’s authors. “In some ways they’re at greater risk of falling (3)_______ the cracks,” say researcher Vladimir Carli. “(4)_______ most parents, teachers and clinicians would react to an adolescent using drugs or getting drunk, they may easily overlook teenagers who are engaging in inconspicuous behaviors.”The study’s authors surveyed 12,395 students and analyzed nine risk behaviors, including excessive alcohol use, illegal drug use, heavy smoking, high media use and truancy (逃学). Their aim was (5)_______(determine) the relationship between these risk behaviors and mental health issues in teenagers.About 58% of the students demonstrated (6)_______ or few of the risk behaviors. Some 13% scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors. And 29%, the “invisible risk” group, scored high on three in particular: They spent five hours a day or more on electronic devices. They slept six hours a night or less. And they neglected “other healthy activities.” The group that scored high on all nine of the risk behaviors was most likely to show symptoms of depression; in all, nearly 15% of this group reported being depressed, (7)_______(compare) with just 4% of the low-risk group.(8)_______ the invisible group wasn’t far behind the high-risk set, with more than 13% of them exhibiting depression.The findings caught Carli off guard. “We were very surprised,” he says, “The high-risk group and low-risk group are obvious. But this third group was not only unexpected, it was so distinct and so large---nearly one third of our sample---(9)______ is became a key finding of the study.”Carli says that one of (10)_______(significant) things about his study is that itprovides new early-warning signs for parents, teachers and mental health-care providers. And early identification, support and treatment for mental health issues, he says, are the best ways to keep them from turning into full-blown disorders.【答案】1.can 2.aren’t seen 3.through 4.While 5.to determine 6.none pared 8.But 9.that 10.the most significant。

2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--十一选十(解析版)

2019届高三英语二模汇编——十一选十1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.The Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control MachinesTechnologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, theterm is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cyclingaccident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This 31progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulatemuscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his armusing the power of thought. His intention to move is 32 in neural(神经的)activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and33 into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. Butbrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear(耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by 34 sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “35 ” data into monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are 36 . Both America’s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text 37 . Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on neurotechnology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and with machines, or acquire 38 abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.These powers, if they ever materialise, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new 39 . Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural 40 in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for signs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.答案：31-40 JFAHG BDKCI难度：偏难解析：本文为说明文。

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