写作与翻译
如何进行毕业论文的外文翻译与写作
如何进行毕业论文的外文翻译与写作毕业论文的外文翻译和写作是研究生阶段的重要任务之一。
合理的研究方法和专业的写作技巧对于提高论文的质量和学术水平非常关键。
本文将介绍如何进行毕业论文的外文翻译与写作，以帮助学生顺利完成研究任务。
一、外文翻译1. 确定翻译目标：在开始翻译之前，必须明确翻译的目标语言是什么。
对于大部分中国学生而言，目标语言通常是中文。
确保自己熟练掌握外文的语法和词汇才能进行准确的翻译。
2. 分析文本结构：在翻译之前，要仔细分析外文文本的结构，了解作者的思路和论证方式。
将文本分段，并记录下每个段落的主题和核心内容，可以帮助翻译更加准确和有条理。
3. 词汇理解与选择：外文翻译中最常见的问题就是词汇的理解和选择。
要尽量保持原文的句子结构和逻辑关系，并根据上下文来选择合适的词汇。
同时，还要注意一些专业名词和术语的翻译，确保准确传达作者的意思。
4. 翻译修改与润色：在翻译完成后，要进行翻译修改和润色。
可以与导师或其他专业人士讨论，确认翻译是否准确并且符合论文的写作目标和风格。
二、外文写作1. 熟悉论文结构：在进行外文写作之前，要了解毕业论文的结构和要求。
例如，引言、文献综述、方法、结果和讨论等部分的写作方式和顺序。
2. 论文提纲的制定：根据自己的研究内容和结构安排，制定一份清晰的提纲。
提纲是论文写作的框架，在写作过程中可以帮助你组织思路和整理论证材料。
3. 文章段落的组织：无论是中文还是外文写作，良好的段落组织非常重要。
每个段落应该有明确的主题句，并展开论述，最后进行总结或过渡。
段落之间的逻辑关系和过渡词语也要特别注意。
4. 语法和拼写的检查：外文写作需要特别注意语法和拼写的准确性。
严谨的语法和正确的拼写可以提高论文的可读性和学术性。
5. 学术风格和引用格式的使用：在进行外文写作时，要遵循学术风格和引用格式的要求。
例如，使用正确的引用格式引用文献资料，并避免抄袭和剽窃的行为。
总结：毕业论文的外文翻译与写作需要综合运用语言能力、专业知识和写作技巧。
848写作与翻译
中南民族大学2020年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目考试大纲
科目名称：写作与翻译
科目代码：848
使用学科专业：外国语言学及应用语言学、英语语言文学
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一、考试性质
写作与翻译是英语专业的必修课，也是报考我校英语语言文学专业研究生的考试科目之一。
其目的在于公平、科学、有效的考查考生本科阶段对英语写作能力和翻译基础知识、基本理论和基本技能的掌握情况，衡量考生英语综合水平和语言表达能力和汉英互译技巧，以便于高等学校择优选拔人才，保证硕士研究生的素质和质量。
二、考查目标
英语写作与翻译科目考试包括英语写作和英汉互译两部分。
英语写作要求考生掌握书面英语表达能力、段落和语篇的组织和布局谋篇能力以及常见应用文体的写作规范和技巧；翻译要求考生掌握基本的翻译方法和技巧，能够比较熟练地运用相应的翻译策略进行有效的英汉互译。
三、考试形式与试卷结构
1. 试卷成绩及考试时间：本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。
2. 答题方式：闭卷、笔试。
3. 试卷形式和结构：
英语写作75分
英汉互译75分
4. 试卷题型结构
写作部分：
1）应用文写作，1小题，20分
2）就某一话题阐述个人观点，1小题，55分
翻译部分：
1)句子翻译
汉译英，1小题，5分
英译汉，2小题，10分
2)英译汉段落翻译，1题，30分，原文约250字
3)汉译英段落翻译，1题，30分，原文约400字。
医学英语写作与翻译
第三部分医学英语的写作任务一标题的写作（Title）标题的结构1. 名词+介词Blindness（视觉缺失）after Treatment for Malignant Hypertension 2. 名词+分词Unilateral Neurogenic Pruritus Following Stroke中风后单侧神经性瘙痒3. 名词+不定式Suggestion to Abolish Icterus Index Determination（黄疸指数测定）where Quantitative Bilirubin Assay（胆红素定量）is Available建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定4. 名词+同位语Gentamicine, a Selelctive Agent for the isolation of Betahemolytic Streptocc ociβ-溶血性链球菌庆大霉素是分离β-溶血性链球菌的选择性药物5. 名词+从句Evidence that the V-sis Gene Product Transforms by Interaction with the Receptor for Platelet-derived Growth Factor血小板源性生长因子.V-sis 基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的依据6. 动名词短语Preventing Stroke in patients with Atrial Fibrillation心房纤维性颤动心旁纤颤患者中风预防Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction（急性心肌梗死）byRadio-immunoassay for Creative Kinase（酐激酶）用放射免疫法测定酐激酶诊断急性心肌梗死7. 介词短语On Controlling Rectal Cancer8. 陈述句Dietary Cholesterol is Co-carcinogenic协同致癌因素for Human Colon Cancer9. 疑问句Home or Hospital BirthsIs Treatment of Borderline Hypertension Good or Bad?注意副标题的作用1．数目：Endoluminal Stent-graft 带支架腔内搭桥for Aortic Aneurysms动脉瘤: A report of 6 cases带支架腔内搭桥治疗动脉瘤的六例报告2．重点：Aorto-arteritis 大动脉炎Chest X-ray Appearance and Its Clinical Significance大动脉炎胸部X线表现及临床意义3．方法：Gallstone Ileus（胆结石梗阻）: A Retrospective Study 4．作用：Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Breast-cancer Tissue: A useful prognostic indictor乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原——一种有用的预后指示5．疑问：Unresolved—Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease? 6．连载顺序：Physical and Chemical Studies of Human Blood Serum: II. A study of miscellaneous Disease conditions人类血清的理论研究：II. 多种病例的研究7．时间：A Collaborative 综合Study of Burn Nursing in China: 1995-1999常见标题句式举例1. 讨论型：Discussion of/ on; An approach to; A probe into; Investigation of; Evaluation of / on汉语中的“初步体会”、“试论”、“浅析”之类的谦辞可以不译。
大学英语写作与翻译课后习题答案
Key to Exercises:Unit 1Exercise I:1.普通教育除了专业训练的内容外，还指对人的全方位的培养过程。
2.从严格意义上来说，大学是为了把普通学生教育成为有文化修养、具备优秀专业技能的人。
3.大学是一个推动探索、使各种发现得到不断完善和证实的地方；在那里，轻率和鲁莾变得无伤大雅，错误通过思想与思想之间、知识与知识之间的碰撞会暴露无遗。
4.以科研作为主要的教学手段，教授的作用在于把科研和教学结合起来——科研活动转变成为一种教学模式。
5.获取信息和理解信息是最基本的人权，而我们现在拥有人类历史上前所未有的信息量。
6.信息对个人和社会的发展都非常重要，信息技术将使那些能够获取并利用它的人拥有相当大的力量。
7.Men are not always made thoughtful by books; but they are generally made thoughtful byassociation with men who thinks.8.Basic education is currently funded primarily by the state in most countries.9.The impact of globalization is not just on trade and production, it also has an important impacton education.10.A new challenge to teaching is the pressure to internationalize curriculum offerings.Exercise II:1. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.在美国，学生通常要花很多时间在学校图书馆里，或完成一门课的作业，或从事研究以便准备要写的报告。
2020年09月六级作文和翻译 (卷三)
2020年9月英语六级作文和翻译(卷三)2020年9月份大学英语六级考试作文和翻译有三套题，阅读有两套题，听力有一套题。
这里给大家整理的是卷三的写作和翻译部分，剩余的两套已经在卷一和卷二中提供，这里不再重复提供。
写作（卷三）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the saying Wealth of the mind is the only true wealth. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.范文：In this rapidly developing society, what we persue has never been more abundant than ever before. We care about the food safety, the health of the people around us, the appearance of us and the money we can earn. Talking about wealth, ideas may differ from person to person. Among all the elements of wealth that modern people attach importance to, I reckon that wealth of the mind is the only true wealth.Looking around, we may find many facts which can reflect the value in the saying. Take Lihong as an example, she is not the traditionally typical youngster who would be considered wealthy. However, she keeps reading books routinely and insists in attending a variety of lectures. When mentioned, Lihong is always the exemplary model praised by everybody. To many acquaintances of hers, they think she is one of the most knowledge able and thoughtful girls they’ve ever met. In the case of Lihong, wealth of the mind is more essentially valued than the money she possesses.To conclude, it is not the money we earn but wealth of our mind that determines how people see us. This reminds us again of the value that wealth of the mind is the only true wealth.翻译（卷三）《西游记》(Journey to the West)也许是中国文学四大经典小说中最具影响力的一部，当然也是在国外最广为人知的一部小说。
实用英文写作与翻译作业与参考答案
实用英文写作与翻译2-1作业及参考答案第一次作业：Americans Eat Out More often and Less HealthfullyAlthough food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants, Americans are dining out more than ever, the . Agriculture Department said Tuesday. Restaurant food accounted for（[在数量，比例方面] 占）39 percent of . meals bought in 1996, up from 26 percent in 1970, the department said in a report, ``Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet.'' ``While（尽管）the nutritional quality（营养质量）of foods consumed by Americans has improved overall, foods prepared at home are generally much more healthful than away-from-home foods,'' the department said. ``Despite nutritional gains at home, Americans will find it difficult to improve their diets because they purchase so many meals outside the home,'' the study said. While （尽管）the nutritional content of food prepared both at home and in restaurants has improved in recent years, food eaten out contains more of the nutrients Americans typically（一般地；通常）eat too much of, including fat and saturated fat（饱和脂肪）, and less of what is lacking from most diets, such as calcium, fiber and iron. The department recommended nutrition education programs should place more emphasis on teaching . consumers about how to order healthful meals when dining out. Improved diets have been found to prevent risk of heart disease, stroke（中风）, cancer, diabetes（糖尿病）, osteoporosis-related hip fractures（与骨质疏松症有关的髋关节骨折）and neural tube birth defects（神经管先天缺损）. Osteoporosis-related hip fractures cost up to $ billion each year in the United States in medical care expenses, missed work and premature deaths（早亡）, the department said.参考译文：美国人外出用餐频繁而饮食健康水准美况愈下据美国农业部星期二称尽管在家煮烧的食物远比餐馆里所用之餐有益于健康，美国人外出用餐更频繁。
英语小短文写作及中文翻译
英语小短文写作及中文翻译January 1st is considered as the New Year's Day.most panies,shops,school,and government offices are closed during that time.People prepare for New Year's Dayfrom late December.Firt,people spend a few days to clean their houses pletely.Some families then put up some new painting from November to be sent in January.The New Year's meal is also prepared from the end of ecember.During the New Year's Day,people usually do not cook and relax at home. On New Year's Eve,it is mon to have a bag dinner with family members or friends at home or in hotels and hear bells which informs us of the ing New Year.New Year's Day is one of important days for many people in the word during the year.Most people spend the New Year'sDay in hotels.On New Year's Day,people fiest greet each other. Some people wear new coats and visit temples to pray for happiness and health theoughout the New Year.Children are busy with getting the gifts from their parents and relatives.Let's prevent from happening to usDuring the last few months, ful has set off across the whole world.If we have the right way to prevent it ,it won't scare.Here are some suggestions for you:First of all,you should cover your mouth with a napkin whtn you cough re sneeze,Next you'd better stay away from the public place if possible, if youhave to,please wear a mask.Wash your hands carefully before meals and always keep your windows open so that the airwill be fresh.At last,try to do more excisice to make your body strong so that you can stay in health.I think this is the most important.最近这几个月里，病毒在全世界引发起来。
CET6高分班写作与翻译补充材料
六级写作补充模拟题与范文1．Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Keeping Pets.You should write at least 150 words, and you should base yourcomposition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 有些人赞成养宠物。
2. 另一些人反对养宠物。
3. 我的看法Keeping PetsThere is no denying the fact that keeping pets has been a hotly debated topic in China. People’s opinions differ sharply on this issue. Some hold the positive view. They say that pets like cats, dogs and birds can reduce, to some extent, loneliness for both adults and children, especially for the old, the single, housewives and the disabled. Without pets, these people’s life would become dull and cheerless.Others, however, hold the opposite view. They maintain that keeping pets should be banned. They point out that pets are responsible for noises, which disturb people’s rest, and for injuries suffered both by the people who keep them and by innocent neighbors. They also argue that keeping pets is a waste of money and resources.Personally, I believe that we should not go to extremes. On the one hand, we should allow people to keep pets; on the other hand, we should take measures to solve the problems caused by pets. This can be done by banning pets from public places.In addition,large and dangerous pets should be restricted to special areas.或Weighing the arguments of both sides, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Anyway, we can lessen our loneliness and express our love toward animals in other ways. And it is my belief that only by placing man and other species on an equal basis can we expect to have a lively and colorful world.2．Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Where There Is a Will, There Is a Way. You should write at least 150 words, and youshould base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 为什么“有志者，事竟成”？。