大学英语国家概况复习(名词解释+问答题)
英语国家概况的复习资料
英语国家概况的复习资料英语国家概况考试题型如下：1.选择题（30 X 1’）2.填空题（20 X 1’）3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子总分100 分主要内容包括：一．U.S. Geography1.Full name of U.S..2.Number of States: 50 states.3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire forterritorial expansion among many frontier men.4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries.5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S..6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean.7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in southCalifornia.二．U.S. People1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans).2.The “first Americans” were the Indians.3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States.4.The first permanent settlement in North America wasesta blished in today’s V erginia in theyear of 1607.5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to:ProtestanCatholicJewish6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italyand Poland.7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequallydistributed among the population.8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.三．Economy1.Services sector (industry) of the economy employs the most American.2.U.S. Federal law prohibits emplyment discrimination on the basis of:RaceLanguageDisability3.The American economy is characterized by a high degree of monoply.4.Mid-west is the nation’s leading center of heavy industry in the United States.5.Microsoft is the largest software company now in the United States.6.Give examples of industries which are decling, and industries which sare fast developing inthe U.S..( P70倒数第一行到P71 第一段)四．Policy1.When was the United States Constitution drafted?In 17872.How long are terms for Senators?6 years.3.How long are terme for members of House of Representatives?2 years4.What are the terms of office for Supreme Court justices?Life.5.Which U.S. President said: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall notperish from the ea rth.”---- Abraham Lincoln6.The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.7.The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continented Congress on July 4,1776.8.The United States and the People’s Republic of China established diplomatic relations in1979.9.The president of the United States is the head of the executive branch.10.Presidential election is held every 4 years in November in the U.S.A..11.What are the two major political parties in the United States? And their symbols? (P59)One is the Democtatic Party. Symbol is donkey.The other one is the Republican Party. Symbol is elephant.12.What does “FBI” stand for?Federal Bureau of Investigation.13.Who were the two famous leaders assassinated in American History?They are J.F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln.14.Wat are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? Howare the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? （这题没有统一答案，请大家参考书本P55-P58里面的内容自己组织。
(0200)《英语国家概况》复习大纲、样题及答案
（0200）《英语国家概况》复习大纲学习要点和课程考核目标参看课本最后附录页考试内容Part oneThe United kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandChapter 1-10Part TwoThe Republic of IrelandChapter 11-12Part ThreeThe United States of AmericaChapter 13-22Part FourCanadaChapter 23-26Part FiveAustraliaChapter 27-32Part SixNew ZealandChapter 33-34（0200）《英语国家概况》样题及答案一．单项选择题Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question. (15 %)1. There are political divisions on the island of Great Britain.A. oneB. twoC. fourD. three2. The longest river in England is .A. the Tweed RiverB. the Rhine riverC. the Thames RiverD. the Seven River该题共15小题，每题一分。
请按顺序将答案写在答题纸相应的位置上。
每5个为一组，如1－5 adxxx评分标准：选对得一分。
英语国家概况考试复习资料
一、单选题1._______ realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war ajust war against slavery.A、Frederick DouglassB、George WashingtonC、John AdamsD、Abraham Lincoln答案： D2.The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A、Paul RevereB、John LockeC、CornwallisD、Frederick Douglass答案： B3.The United States grows nearly _____ of the world's grain and supplies a half of all the exports ofgrain in the worlD.A、one thirdB、one fourthC、one sixthD、one seventh答案： B4.In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A、1957B、1967C、1973D、1979答案： C5.The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A、30, Richard III, Henry TudorB、50, Richard III, Henry TudorC、30, Richard I, Henry TudorD、50, Richard I, Henry Tudor答案： A6.About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A、independent schoolsB、junior schoolsC、independent schoolsD、primary schools答案： D二、 判断题7.The exploratory voyage made by ______ brought to a close to an era of European discovery ofAustralia that had lasted nearly two hundred years.A 、Arthur PhilipB 、Mathew FlindersC 、Port JacksonD 、Peter Lalor答案： B8.In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers inthe New LanD.A 、1620, LondonB 、1620, PlymouthC 、1720, LondonD 、1720, Plymouth答案： B9.After the outbreak of the First World War, Australia followed Britain's lead and declared war on________.A 、JapanB 、TurkeyC 、ItalyD 、Germany答案： D10.In New Zealand, hydroelectricity from rivers and dams supplies ________ of total energy.A 、15%B 、16%C 、17%D 、18%答案： C1.In 1215, King Egbert united England under his rule.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误2.By the 1880s the British economy was dominant in the world.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确3.In Britain, "Football hooligans" sometimes have violent clashes.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确三、 名词解释4.The UK economy is thought of as one of decline because Britain is poorer and producing less thanit was in 1945.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误5.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by KingHarold.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误6.Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确7.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the world.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误8.British government offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 错误9.Britain has no written form of Constitution.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确10.British government is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.A 、正确B 、错误答案： 正确1.Puritans答案： After the establishment of the Church of England in England, the people who believe in the Church of England are called Puritans,who think they are the devoted worshipers of divine God, and they are purified.2.Louisiana Purchase答案： In 1803, President Jefferson, by taking advantage of the war in Europe, made Napoleon I agree to sell Louisiana Territory for $15million. This was a vast region of more than 2.6 million square kilometers. The Louisiana Purchase doubled the territory of the new nation.四、问答题1.What kind of economic system does the United States have?答案： The U.S. has a free market economy with a dominant private sector.。
英语国家概况的复习要点
英语国家概况的复习要点概况的复习要点题型：一．搭配题（15分）二．选择题（30分）三．判断题（10分）四．名词解释（20分）五．问答题（25分）（一）问答题1.英国全称及各个部分，和四核部分的首都：全称：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 简称：the United Kingdom,the UK or BritainFour constituent countries:国家名称 England Scotland苏格兰Wales威尔士NorthernIreland首都 London Edinburgh爱丁堡Cardiff加的夫Belfast贝尔法斯特2.According to an “objective”approach,British society is divided into occupational groups arranged in a class hierarchy: （1）upper-middle class（2）Middle class（3）Lower middle class（4）Skilled working class（5）Semi-skilled and unskilled working class（6）The lowest level of subsistence（7）The underclass3.American higher education system is divided into the following categories:（1）Public colleges/universities,（2）private colleges/universities,（3）religious affiliated colleges宗教附属学院,（4）proprietary colleges.4.Three branches of the federal government:（美国联邦政府的三个机构）（1）the Executive执行部门——the President（2）The Legislative立法部门——Congress（3）The Judiciary司法部门——The Supreme Court（main instrument主要执行机构）5.The Power of Congress：（1）T o make laws 立法（2）T o decide upon taxes 决定税收（3）T o decide how money is spent 决定如何花费资金（4）To regulate commerce among the states and with foreignCountries. 管理各国与外国之间的商业往来（5）T o set rules for the naturalisation of foreign citizens.为外来公民的迁入设定法规（二）名词解释1.Constitutional monarchy:A monarchy in which the power of the ruler are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nation.君主立宪制：一个将统治者的权利受制于宪法和国家法律授予的君主制。
英语国家概况名词解释
英语国家概况名词解释第一篇：英语国家概况名词解释Terms1.A-level: General Certificate of Education Advanced Level referred to as A-level, It is a British general secondary education certificate examination’ advanced courses, is the British national curriculum system, and the students of the university entrance exam courses.2.bible: The Bible is the holy book of Christianity.It consists of two testaments.The Old T estament contains the Jewish writings before the coming of Christ.The much shorter New Testament contains four accounts(“gospel”)of the life of Christ, followed by the writings of the early Christians, of whom St Paul was the greatest.3.WASP:White Anglo-Saxon Protestant of the original meaning is to point to the United States in power elite group and its culture, customs and moral behavior standard, can now be referring to the European American Protestant people.This group has a huge economic and political power, American society and for the most part of the upper middle class.Despite the increasingly diverse American society, but their cultural, moral and value orientation is to a great extent, affects the development of the United States.4.Independence Day: commonly known as the Fourth of July, is a federal holiday in the United States celebrating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain.5.wall street:Wall Street is the financial district of New York City, named after and centered on the eight-block-long, 0.7 miles(1.1 km)long street running from Broadway to South Street on the East River in Lower Manhattan.Over time,the term has become a metonym for the financial markets of the United States as a whole, the American financial sector(even if financial firms are not physically located there), or signifying New York-based financial interests.Wall Street is the home of the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies.Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including NASDAQ, the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock Exchange.Anchored by Wall Street, New York City has been called the world's principal financial center.6.Hollywood:is a district in the central region of Los Angeles, California, in the United States.It is notable for its place as the home of the entertainment industry, including several of its historic studios.Its name has come to represent the motion picture industry of the United States.Hollywood is also a highly ethnically diverse, densely populated, economically diverse neighborhood and retail business district.Hollywood was a small community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903.It merged with the City of Los Angeles in 1910, and soon thereafter a film industry began to emerge, eventually becoming dominant in the world.7.Pilgrim Fathers: is a name commonly applied to early settlers of the Plymouth Colony inpresent-day Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States.Their leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist English Dissenters who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 16th–17th century Holland in the Netherlands.Concerned with losing their cultural identity, the group later arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America.8.GreatCharter:Magna Carta(Latin for Great Charter), also called Magna Carta Libertatum or The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, is an Angevin charter originally issued in Latin in June 1215.It was sealed under oath by King John at Runnymede, on the bank of the River Thames near Windsor, England at June 15, 1215.Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects, the feudal barons, in an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their rights.Question:Melting pot: is a metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements “melting together” into a harmonious whole with a common culture.It is particularly used to describe the assimilation of immigrants to the United States.The melting-together metaphor was in use by the 1780s.The exact term “melting pot” came into general usage in the United States after it was used as a metaphor describing a fusion of nationalities, cultures and ethnicities in the 1908 play of the same name.Separation of powers: Separation of Powers(三权分立)is the basic of thewestern capitalist countries.The origin of the principle of separation of powers can be traced back to(追溯到)the period of Aristotle(亚里士多德时期).It is proposed to avoid the abuse of power(滥用权力).The US Government is divided into three branches so that no one branch has all the power.Each branch has its own purpose:Legislative Branch(立法机构)— to make laws;Executive Branch(行政机构)—to executive laws;Judicial Branch(司法)—interpret the laws;Civil war(U.S.): was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865, after seven Southern slave states declared their secession and formed the Confederate States of America(the “Confederacy” or the “South”, which grew to include eleven states).The states thatremained in the Union were known as the “Union” or the “North”.The war had its origin in the frac tious issue of slavery, especially the extension of slavery into the western territories.Foreign powers did not intervene.After four years of bloody combat that left over 600,000 soldiers dead and destroyed much of the South's infrastructure, the Confederacy collapsed, slavery was abolished, and the difficult Reconstruction process of restoring national unity and guaranteeing civil rights to the freed slaves began.Presidential Election: is an indirect vote in which citizens cast ballots for a slate of members of the U.S.Electoral College;these electors in turn directly elect the President and Vice President.Presidential elections occur quadrennially(the count beginning with the year 1792)on Election Day, the Tuesday between November 2 and 8, coinciding with the general elections of variousother federal, states and local races.The most recent was the 2012 election, held on November 6.The next election will be the 2016 election, which will be held on November 8, 2016.British Newspaper culture: Traditionally, UK newspapers could be split into more serious-minded newspapers, usually referred to as the broadsheets due to their large size, and sometimes known collectively as “the quality press ”, and less serious newspapers, generally known as tabloids , and collec tively as “the popular press”, which have tended to focus more on celebrity coverage and human interest stories rather than political reporting or overseas news.Democracy with a constitutional monarchy : Initially after the American and French revolutions, the question was open whether a democracy, in order to restrain unchecked majority rule, should have an élite upper chamber, the members perhaps appointed meritorious experts or having lifetime tenures,or should have a constitutional monarch with limited but real powers.Some countries(as The United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Scandinavian countries, Thailand, Japan and Bhutan)turned powerful monarchs into constitutional monarchs with limited or, often gradually, merely symbolic roles.Often the monarchy was abolished along with the aristocratic system(as in France, China, Russia, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Greece and Egypt).Many nations had élite upper houses of legislatures which often had lifetime tenure, but eventually these lost power(as in Britain)or else became elective and remained powerful.Industrial Revolution: was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, and the development of machine tools.It also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal.第二篇：英美国家概况名词解释等1.The civil rights movementIt is one of the most important of all social movements in the 1960s in America.Rosa Parks’ spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to the true beginning of the civil rights movement.The black students’ sit-in at a department lunch counter in North Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement.During the first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like the SNCC,CORE,and SCLC struggled for racial intergration by providing leaderships,network and the people.In the latter half of the decade, some black organizations changed their nonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical meansto end discrimination and raised the self-image of the blacks.The civil rights movement produced such great leaders as Martin Luther King.Jr, and Malcolm X, who inspired a generation of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equality in th US.2.A federal system【联邦制】It is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constiuent parts, with some rights reserved to each.3.King ArthurIt is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magica sword,Excalibur.His real existence is in doubt.He is the central figure of many legends.4.The Anglo-SaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.5.Riverdance[大河舞] It is a very popular form of dancing based on Ireland’s intricate[错综复杂的]folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance.Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture.It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle.The music usually sounds fast and furious.Most of the actionis from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides.6.The House of CommonsIt is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(members of parliament)make and debate policy.These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.7.The Commonwealth【英联邦】In the author’s opinion, the Commowealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of former Britishcolonies.There are 50 members of the Commonwealth: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus;others are developed nations like Australia,Canada and New Zealand.The Commonwealth was set up as a form for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.8.MaoritangaIt is the Maori word for “Maori culture.” It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their language, customs and traditions,9.The “Washminster” form polityIt is adopted by the Australian government.It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system.This means that the political structure of the government is base on a Federation of States with a three-tier system of government.However, the chief executive is a Prime Minister, instead of a President as in the US system.10.Yellowstone National ParkIt is the oldest and one of the largest national parks in the US.It is named after the Yellowstone River that flows through the area.It is known for its geysers and hot springs among other natural wonders.counterculture[反主流文化]In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left, there appeared a phenomenon that historians called the “counterculture”.The counterculture rejected capitalism and other Americans principles.They had morals different from those taught by their parents.Some group of youth tried to construct different ways of life,.Among the most famous were the hippies.They thought new experience through dropping out, and drug taking.But it was music,rock music particular, that became the chief vehicle for the counter cultural assault on the traditional American society.The counterculture exerted a great influenceupon people’s attitudes tow ard social morals, marriage, career and success.Martin Luther King, Jr.A black Baptist minister, he was leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movements of the 1960s.To promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregation and other kinds of social injustice, King organized a series of “marches”, including the march on Washington of August 1963, when King delivered his famous “ I Have a Dream” speech.As a civil rights leader, King worked not only to end racial discrimination and poverty, but also to raise the self image of the blacks.Due to his strong belief in non-violent peaceful protest, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Price in 1964.He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.13．Richard NixonRichard Nixon was the former President of the United States.He won the elction in 1968 and was re-elected in 1972.While he was in office, he contributed to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the US and China and visited China in 1972.Shortly after he was re-elected ,he was involved in theWatergate scandal,for which he was forced to resign from the presidency.1.Explain your understanding of how the United States is governed according to its constitution, including its polity and the check and balance mechanism of governing.if Congress proposes a law that the president think is unwise, the president can veto it.That means the proposal does not became law.Congress can enact the law despite the president’s views only if two-thirds of the members of both houses vote in favor of it.If Congress passes a low which is the challenged in the courts as unconstitutional, the Supreme Court has the power to declare the law unconstitutional and therefore no longer in effect.Thepresident has the power to make treaties with other nations and to make all appointments to federal positions,including the position, of Supreme Court justice.The Senate,however,must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official.In this way the Congress can prevent the president from making unwise appointments.2.How do you understand the saying: ”British history has been a history of invasion.” ?Before the 1st century AD Britain was made up of many tribal kingdoms of Celtic people:a powerful cultural originating in central Europe.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by Roman Empire, and England and Wales became part of the Roman Empire for nearly400 years.As the Roman Empire came under threat from the east, the Roman armies and Roman protection were withdrawn from Britain, and Britain was again divided into small kindoms, andagain it came under threat from outside, this time from Germanic peoples:the Angles,and the Saxon.In the 5th century AD it is said that a great leader-King Arthur appeared, united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur,drove the Saxons back.whatever Arthur’s success,legend or not,it did not last,for the Anglo-Saxons did succeed in invading Britain,and either absorbed the Celticpeople,or pushed them to the western and northern edges of Britain.From the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the ferocious Vikings, threatened Britain’s shores.Their settlements in England grew until large areas of northern and eastern England were under their control.1066, the Normans, from northern France, whowere descendants of Vikings.Under William of Normandy they cross the English Channel and in the Battle of Hastings, defeated an English armyunder King Harold.This marks the last time.that an army from outside the British Isles succeeded in invading3.Your understanding of the characteristics of American religion and its social functionsFirst of all, American with different religions live together under the same law.The Bill of Rights in the US Constitution insists that there should be no state religion.That means that the government has no right to interfere in people’s religious affairs.The freedom of religion and the separation of state and church guaranted in the Constitution is believed to be the basic principles against religious persecution.Secondly,the religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress.Every Sunday morning, all over America people pour into the churches.Half of American Protestants are active church members, and there are few who habitually stay away.Not only the Catholic churches,but the Protestant ones too,are flourishing,and new ever-growing suburbs.Through all the social and economic changes religion has remained a constant factor.Thirdly,in the united states every church is a completeluy independent organization,and concerned with its own finance and its own building.if one goes to a Protestant church,he or she will hear morality preached,but not a word of doctrine.Churches and religious sects are expressions of group solidarity rather than of rigid adherence to doctrine.第三篇：国家概况名词解释与问答题汇总--美国英语国家概况名词解释与问答题汇总Unit One GeographyTerms:1.The Star-spangled Banner(the flag)2.The Yellowstone National Park3.Mount Rushmore National Memorial4.The Great Lakes5.The Grand Canyon 删除6.Mississippi River删除Questions:1.Please list five famous buildings or things in New York City.Unit Two HistoryTerms:1.The Declaration of Independence2.The Bill of Rights3.The Boston Tea Party4.Thomas Jefferson5.Monroe Doctrine6.Gold Rush7.Uncle T om’s Cabin删除8.The American Civil War9.Abraham Lincoln10.Westward Movement11.Progressive Movement12.The lost generation13.The Monkey Trial删除14.The Great Depression 15.Franklin Roosevelt16.Lend-lease Bill删除17.The Beat Generation删除18.The Civil Rights Movement19.Martin Luther King, Jr.Questions:1.What were the reasons for people to found colonies in North America?2.What do you know about the War of Independence(reasons, process, and significance)?3.How was American Constitution established and what doyou know about it?4.5.6.7.8.What do you know about Monroe Doctrine? What do you know about the U.S.-Mexican War and its result? What do you know about the Civil War(reasons, process, and significance)? What do you know about the Progressive Movement? What kind of changes did modern America experienced at the beginning of the 20th century?9.What do you know about World War One and America’s policy during the war?10.The target of the Progressive Movement was trust and monopoly.What were the negative effects brought by monopoly?11.What were the nature and effects of WW I?12.What do you know about Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal?13.“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government….”Who is the writer and what is the name of the document?What is the historical background of the document and how did it come into being?Unit Three American IdentityTerms:1.Hispanics(Latinos)2.Model minority3.Melting potQuestions:1.Why America is called “a nation of immigrants”?2.What contributions did immigrants make to America?(Please list at least three points of views)Unit Four Political InstitutionTerms:1.The checks and balances2.CongressQuestions: 1.What are the US government principles?2.What do you know about the Presidential election in America?Unit 5 EconomyQuestions:1.What is the most striking characteristic of the American economy in terms of its diversity?2.When did service industries in the U.S.experience rapid growth? How significant is the service industry in the American economy?Unit 8 EducationTerms:1.Harvard College2.Ivy League Questions1.How have the goals and purposes of education in the U.S.evolved over time? Trance them briefly.Unit 9 Religion Questions:1.In your opinion, why do so many Americans want to keep “In God We Trust” on their currency?2.How did American religion become pluralistic and diversified?第四篇：2014英语国家概况判断题In the early 20th century, those dominating American life were mostly WASPs.正确In the US, scientific and economic advance and rising material progress have been accompanied by a decline in religious observance.错误The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition.错误In Britain, class and educational differences are reflected in the newspaper people read.正确The world' s oldest daily newspaper is The Observer.错误Horse racing is the true royal sport.正确Under a Constitutional Amendament passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only one term.错误The state of Hawaii is a big island in the central Pacific Ocean 错误.Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics.正确There is more violence in the US than in other industrialized countries.正确According to the textbook, larger American universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive错误.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.错误“ We Shall Overcome!” is a very famous song during the 1960s.错误The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US now is the blacks, or Afro-Americans.错误Drug abuse in the US has come to be regarded as one of the most challenging social problems facing the nation.错误Yellowstone National Park is the oldest national park in the US正确.John F.Kennedy was the first Catholic elected as the USpresident正确.The theory of poltiics of the American Revolution came from John Locke, a French philosopher in the 17th century.错误Britain has a written constitution like most countries.错误Queen Elizabeth II is both the head of the state and the head of government in the UK.错误Secrecy is an important part of the voting process.正确 The Labour Party is the oldest party in the UK.错误By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe.正确The British state actively interferes with the decision of when,where, how and what children are taught.错误The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church.正确It takes at least four years to get a bachelor' s degree from an institution of higher education in the US.正确You must have the A-level qualification to enter British university.错误Britain is no longer an imperial country.正确Scotland was never conquered by the Romans.正确A great moment for the civil rights movement was the March on Washington on August, 1963 when President Kennedy gave the famous “ I Have a Dream” speech.错误It is not very difficult to generalize about the American way of life.错误The most exciting moment in baseball game is a homerun.正确 Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “ Gaelic”.错误The British media play an important role in shaping a national culture.正确To advertise in a British newspaper, the only thing you have to worry about is the cost.错误Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday.错误When the War of Independence was over, the US was on unified nation as it is today.错误The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights.正确Super Bowl will decide the champion baseball team of the year in the US.错误Ireland is part of Great Britain错误The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998.正确 Critics of the affirmative action programs are of the opinion that this results in reverse discrimination.正确The anti-war teach-in by white students in Berkeley began the civil rights movement in the 1960s.错误When the civil rights movement began, non-violent, direct action tactics like “ sit-ins” and boycotts were he chief vehicle for social protest.正确George Washington, Banjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founing fathers of the USA.错误Hollywood films give the wrong impressions that all Americans are rich.正确Thre are more than 100 Protestants sects in the US today.正确Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.正确It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involved the sport of boxing.错误It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representativedemocracy in the world.正确The British Prime Minister is directly elected by the people.错误According to the textbook, there are two major political parties in the UK.错误The Conservative Party is the party that spent most time in power正确.The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.正确All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised by the government.错误The Open Univeristy uses many non-traditional ways to teach students, such as TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, and a network of study centers.正确The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people.正确Scotland was unified with England through violent means.错误 Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954.正确The US was founded on the principle of human equality, and in reality the nation has lived up to that ideal.错误第五篇：英语国家概况选择题Chapter1 1.The two main islands of the British Isles are A.不列颠群岛的两个主要岛屿是A.Great Britain and Ireland C.Great Britain and WalesB.Great Britain and ScotlandD.Great Britain and England 2.B is the capital city of Scotland.是苏格兰的首府A.BelfastB.EdinburghC.AberdeenD.Cardiff 3.Among the four parts ofthe United Kingdom, D is the smallest.在英国的四个部分中，是最小的A.England IrelandB.ScotlandC.WalesD.Northern 4.English belongs to the C group of Indo-European family of languages.英语属于印欧语系语系A.CelticB.Indo-IranianC.GermanicD.Roman 5.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of D words to English.基督教传入英国，增加了英语的第一个元素。
英语国家概况复习整理精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语国家概况复习整理一、单选题知识点：1.英国部分英国的主要岛屿：Great Britain and IrelandEdinburgh(爱丁堡)是苏格兰的首都英国有超过60 million的人口Northern Ireland是4个英国组成部分中最小的一个1/4 人口住在southeastern England英语属于Indo-European 语系中的Germanic(日耳曼语)基督教额引入为英国添加了第一笔 Latin and Greek色彩中世界英语被Norman influence强化塞缪尔.约翰逊的词典的意义是建立了Spelling的标准目前，将近a quarter的世界人口讲英文The Gremanic对罗马的进攻结束了罗马人占领英国在7世纪晚期，Roman Christianity(天主教会)处于英格兰的主导地位Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)建立在Edward the confessor(忏悔者爱德华)时期The Norman conquest 标志着Feudalism(封建制度)在英国的建立玫瑰花战争带来the House of Tudor的统治宗教改革(Religious Reformation)的直接原因是亨利三世国王divorce his wife英国革命在1642年爆发于Royalists and Parliamentarians(保皇党人和国会议员)之间Bill of Right(人权法案)在Glorious Revolution (光荣革命)后被通过19世纪中期英国的Industrial Revolution完成英国在20世纪初期面临着强烈的全球帝国统治挑战英国政府的三权分立：judiciary(司法),legislature(立法)及executive(行政)，而不包括momarchy(君主) 英国君主的重要性体现在他在public attitude方面的影响British Cabinet(内阁)在Collective responsibility(集体负责制)的原则下工作英国Priry Council(枢密院)的主要责任是Give advice英国议会大选每5年举行一次Scotland拥有建立在罗马法律基础上的独特的法律系统英国议会的经营是two-party(两党的)模式保守党的政策是典型的Pragmatism(实用主义)和 a belief in individualism(个人主义的信仰)工会党(The Labor Prty)的影响是建立了全国健康服务体制(National Health Service)英国经济到1800s实现了全球统治在1946年，英国议会通过了两个重要法案，建立了福利规定1970s早期的The oil crisis(石油危机)恶化了本来已经不景气的英国经济布莱尔政府没有在reducing inequality方面获得成功英国开垦了74%的土地用于发展农业英国的渔业地区不包括The sea area between Britain and Ireland在英国，煤矿产业提供了1/4的能源英国汽车产业几乎全部是Foreign-owned(外企)英国文艺复兴时期最光辉的成就是drama(戏剧)"Preface to Lyrical Ballads"是浪漫诗的开篇之作Thomas Hardy 是19世纪批判现实主义的代表Waiting for Godot是Samuel Bekett 写的2.美国部分美国大陆上有48个statesAlaska是最大的州美国在 central North America ,加拿大在它的北面，墨西哥在南面，大西洋在它的东面，太平洋在它的西面美国最大的河流是Mississippi River哈佛、耶鲁和MIT等著名大学位于New EnglandNiagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)位于美国-加拿大边境上阿拉斯加人口中没有the Blacks美国最大的少数民族是the Blacks1924年的移民法案限制美国的进一步移民，尤其是来自欧洲的美国文化主流的特点是：English-speaking,Western European,Protestant and Middle-class第一个北美殖民地建立在Jamestorn,VirginiaPilrim Fathers 是一群Paritans(清教徒)，他们为了逃避在英国的迫害而来到美国7年战争发生在French and British之间"No taxation without represtation"是The people of 13 colonies的口号美国独立战争的第一枪在Lexingto (列克星顿)打响1775年5月，The second continenta congrsee 在Philadelphia举行林肯签发了Declaration of Independence承诺给予所以奴隶自由第二次世界大战开始时，美国是neutrality(中立的)政策Roosevelt(罗斯福)新政处理了大萧条的问题越南战争继续受Eisenhower,kennedy and johnson的影响美国的ore(矿石)只占世界很小部分现代美国经济经历了faming economy,handcraft economy,最终形成industrial economy第一家国家银行是在Alexander Hamilton时期建立的美国1/3粮食用于出口目前，美国出口占世界10%美国常规教育包括elementary,secondary and higher education美国高等教育开始于Harvard University 的建立MIT没有出过总统美国国庆节在July 4thWashington Irving 是美国文学之父Tony Morrison是第一个获得诺贝尔奖文学奖的非裔美国人二、名词解释：1. American Civil War(美国内战)American Civil War is a war that was fought in the US between 1861 and 1865 when 11 southern states rebelled against the federal government. The southern states were beaten, and as a result of the war, slaves became free.2.Melting pot and salad(大熔炉)The melting pot is an analogy for the way in which homogeneous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures, races and religions) are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society. The term, which originates from the United States, is often used to describe societies experiencing large scale immigration from many different countries.3.American Constitution(美国宪法)American Constitution，which was drawn up in 1787 and came into effect in 1789,is the basic law of the land.For over two centuries,it has guided the development of government institution and has the basis for the nation，s political stability,economic growth and social progress.4.Cold War(冷战)In the spring of 1947 ,for the purpose of establishing the U.S.hegenmiony(霸权) in postwar world,President Truman declared the "Tueman Doctrine",aiming at expanding American sphere of influence.This marked the beginning of the Cold War period.the Cold War exerted great influence in Europe,and two Germanys were founded.Then,in April 1949,the U.S.allied with other Western countries,forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.While seeking to prevent Communist ideology from gaining further adherents(追随者) in Europe, the U.S.also responded to the challenges elsewhere.5.Thanksgiving(感恩节)Thanksgiving is a associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World.In1620,the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims.Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food,so many of them died.During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest.So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.6.British Labor Party(英国工会党)British Labor Party known as a party of high taxation,was created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century.It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties.The Labor government that come to power in 1945 had a major effort on British society. It set up the National Health Service.The party activities are largely funded by the trade unions.7.British Conservative Party(英国保守党)By and large, the Conservative Party is supported by those who have something to "conserve".Economically,the Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprise.It is against too much government intervention,especially nationalization.The Conservative Partyfavors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare.Its policies are charactized by pragmatism and a belied in individualism.monwealth of Nations（联邦国家）The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign statse,all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head.The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort,and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs.It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence.The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy,human rights,and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.9.Critical Realism(批判现实主义)The Critical Realism of the 19th centry flourished in the 1840s and the early 1850s.The Critical Realism described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.The greatest English realist was Charles Dickens.10.Standard English (标准英语)Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England.It is widely used in media and taught at school .It is preferred by the educated,middle-class people .It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English .It is also the norm carried overseas.Today Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is thought and used.三、简答题：1.what is the full name of the UK?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery ,to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods : Old English ,Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death,so English also grew in importance compare to French.。
英语国家概况名词解释汇总
这个不是新版本的，仅作参考英国部分1.The Thames RiverThe Thames River is the second largest and most important river in Britain. It is 336 KM long, rising in southwest England and flowingthrough England and out into the North Sea. It flows rather slowly,which is very favorable for water transportation.2.The High LandersThey are the Scots who live in the mountainous regions of the Highlandsin Northern Scotland. They are a proud, independent and hardy people who maintain their strong cultural identity. They mainly live byfarming sheep in mountain areas or fishing on the coasts and islands.3.The British Commonwealth 英联邦The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in 1931.It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. The Commonwealth has no special powers. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each member nation. At present there are 50 members counties within the commonwealth(1991).是曾为英国殖民地，但现在已经独立构成的自由联合体。
英语国家概况名词解释汇总
英语国家概况名词解释汇总英国部分1.The Thames RiverThe Thames River is the second largest and most important river in Britain. It is 336 KM long, rising in southwest England and flowingthrough England and out into the North Sea. It flows rather slowly,which is very favorable for water transportation.2.The High LandersThey are the Scots who live in the mountainous regions of the Highlandsin Northern Scotland. They are a proud, independent and hardy people who maintain their strong cultural identity. They mainly live byfarming sheep in mountain areas or fishing on the coasts and islands.3.The British Commonwealth 英联邦The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in 1931.It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements. The Commonwealth has no special powers. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is left to each member nation. At present there are 50 members counties within the commonwealth(1991).是曾为英国殖民地，但现在已经独立构成的自由联合体。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
名词解释Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United KingdomⅠ第一章英国简介1✧ 1. LondonLondon is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business centre and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain's big companies. It is not only the financial centre of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centres in the world.伦敦位于该国南部最大的城市。
从各方面来看，它是英国主导。
它是文化和商业中心，绝大多数英国大公司总部。
它不仅是国家的金融中心，而且在世界三大国际金融中心之一。
2.Robin HoodRobin Hood was a Saxon nobleman. As he could no longer put up with oppressions from the Normans, he became an outlaw and bid himself with his band of "merry men" in the forest. From this secret place, he went out to rob from the rich to give the poor.罗宾汉是一个撒克逊的贵族。
因为他再也无法容忍诺曼人的压迫，他成为逃犯并且让自己和他的"快活人" 帮派呆在森林里。
他就在这个秘密的地方里，进行劫富济贫。
✧The Anglo-SaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.盎格鲁撒克逊族是日耳曼民族的两个群体，从第五世纪在英格兰定居下来。
他们被视为英国人的祖先和英格兰的创始人。
4.King ArthurIt is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends.据说亚瑟王在第五世纪他是英格兰的国王，并且用他的魔剑统一英国和驱赶撒克逊人，该剑就是王者之剑。
他是否存在还是个疑问。
他是许多传奇的核心人物。
5.King HaroldHe was the Saxon King whose army was defeated in the Battle of Hastings in 1066, when Williamthe Conqueror invaded England from France.哈罗德国王是撒克逊国王，当征服者威廉从法国入侵英国，他的军队在1066 年的黑斯廷斯之战中被打败。
Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom Ⅱ第二章英国简介21. The Easter RisingIn order to gain independence, different Irish groups had been fighting against the British institutions and the British military forces. One such activity was the Easter Rising which took place in 1916. The rebels occupied Dublin's Post Office and forced the British to take it back by military force. The leaders of the rebellion were executed by the British authorities.为了获得独立，不同的爱尔兰团体一直反对英国机构和英国军队。
其中一项活动是发生在1916 年的复活节起义。
叛军占领柏林的邮局，通过军事力量迫使英国撤退。
叛乱的领导人被英国当局处决。
2. The Provisional IRAIn 1919, a group calling itself the IRA (Irish Republic Army) expanded fighting for lrish freedom and independence. The Provisional IRA is the radical faction of the IRA. They prefer the use of force and believe that armed force is the only way to get the British out and to have a unified Ireland.1919 年，一个自称是IRA(爱尔兰共和国军)扩大为爱尔兰自由和独立而战。
临时爱尔兰共和军是激进的派别。
他们更喜欢使用武力，并认为武力是唯一的方式脱离英国，并且统一爱尔兰。
3. Sinn FeinSinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland which supports the IRA to fight for the union of Ireland. The leaders of Sinn Fein prefer union with Ireland by a twin campaign, both military and political which they call the policy of " the Bullet and the Ballot Box". It believes that without the participation of Sinn Fein the political problem of Northern Ireland cannot be thoroughly solved.北爱尔兰新芬党是一个合法的政党，支持爱尔兰共和军争取爱尔兰统一。
新芬党的领导人喜欢靠双战役统一爱尔兰，即军事和政治的政策，他们称之为"子弹和投票箱"。
它认为没有新芬党参与的话，在北爱尔兰的政治问题就无法彻底解决。
4. Home RuleIreland had long been dominated by Britain, but Irish desire for an independent Irish state was never lost. "Home Rule" refers to a campaign for Irish control of lrish affairs. The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914, but the process was overtaken by the First world War and was suspended for the duration of the war. 爱尔兰一直被英国统治，但爱尔兰对一个独立的爱尔兰国家的渴望是永远不会失去。
"自治"是指爱尔兰事务控制的运动。
自治条例法案终于在1914 年通过，但遭遇到第一次世界大战使得战内期间进程暂停。
❖ 5. The Good Friday AgreementAs a result of multi-party negotiations, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998. This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won't change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree. Under the terms of the agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.作为多党谈判的结果，《北爱和平协议》于1998 年4 月10 日获得批准。
这项协议保证忠诚的社会，北爱尔兰仍然是英国的一部分，它不会改变其政治地位，除非大多数北爱尔兰人民同意。
根据协议条款，北爱尔兰应由三个独立的司法统治：爱尔兰共和国，大不列颠和自己选出十名部长的行政政府。
Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom第三章英国政府✧ 1. The Bill of Rights of 1689In 1688, King James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament. The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.1689 年《权利法案》：1688，金·詹姆斯二世的女儿玛丽和她的丈夫威廉被政治家和当局教会邀请继承王位，条件是他们将尊重议会的权利。