新版英美概况复习习题_
英美概况.英美概况(二)练习题及答案docx
《英美概况（二）》练习题一答案套一、答案I．Fill in the following blanks in English1. cotton2. Indians3. Superior; Michigan; Huron; Erie; Ontario; Michigan; Canada4. 16075. 126. winner-take-all; majority /2707. Vice- Presidency8.18549. private10. Pittsburg 11. space 12. Scandinavian 13. Civil Rights Movement 14. 88 000, 18 00015. 1922 16. four 17. IndependenceII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1. C2.B3.A4.D5.A6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.B11.B 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.DIII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.T2. F3. F4.F5. T6. F7.F8.T9. T 10.TIII. Define the following terms1. Yale University is a private university in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, which was named after Elihu Yale, an early patron and was chartered in 1701. It consists of Yale College for men, three other undergraduate schools for men and women, and eight graduate schools for men and women.2. It is the largest and most famous American stock market. Located on Wall Street in New York City, it centralizes the trading of stock of over 3000 corporations, and hundreds of millions of shares are bought and sold there each day.3.The second continental congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of the troops around Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence. IV. Answer the following questions1.In the post World War 11 decade, the United States was the richest nation in the world. After a brief period of postwar adjustment, the economy boomed. Consumers demanded goods and services. Businesses produced more to meet this demand. With 6 percent of the world' s population, the United States produced half the world's goods. As productivity rose, the labor market changed. Employment grew rapidly in the service sector, which includes sales work, office work, and government jobs. Federal foreign aid programs provided overseas markets for US businesses. Finally, the government spent large amounts of money by providing loans, fighting the Cold War, and finding social programs. Technological advances, many achieved with federate aid, ushered in new industries and sped up the pace of production in old ones. Government spending plus consumer demand led to an era of widespread prosperity, rising living standards, and social mobility…2. The mass education can provide free public education for all of American children and improve the whole quality of American citizenries, while it also has caused several problems. One criticism is that basic education in the United States catered to the “least common denominator”,meaning the teacher gives attention to theslower learners while the brighter students become bored and lose interest in learning. A related issue involves "mainstreaming", a program which allows physically and mentally handicapped children to attend the same classes with children without these problems. While parents of handicapped children want their children to be included, other parents are concerned that their children are not receiving the best possible education because the teacher spends a great deal of time helping the disadvantaged students. Moreover, the costs for educating handicapped exceed the costs for educating other children.套二、答案I. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct one1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.B9.C 10.D11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.DII. Explain the following terms1. The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of Independence. In 1768 some English troopswere sent to the colonies to help tax-collectors. The people of the colonies hated these soldiers. In the spring of 1770 in Boston, a soldier was hit by a club and at last some of the troops fired and killed four people, with many wounded. This is known as Boston Massacre. After the event, Boston was in an uproar. A big meeting was called, demanding that the English troops should be removed. This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule.2. This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election. If the voters of a state choose presidential electors,they have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list because of the American two-party system. If the candidates of a party for “ele c tors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that stat e. This system is known as the “winner-take-all” principle.3. In American political system, the American Constitution divides the powers of the government into threebranches —the Executive, the Legislative and the Judicial. According to the Constitution the powers of the three branches should be separated and kept balanced. The Constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents any one branch from gaining undue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches and this is called the “system of checks and balances”.4. The American Civil Rights Movement mainly refers to the American black people's struggle against the racialdiscrimination in 1960s. As early as in 1950s, the black people once struggled against segregation in schools.In 1960, the blacks in 20 states held a large-scale sit-in demonstration protesting against racial segregation. In 1961 the blacks held a freedom-rides against segregation on buses. Under the outstanding leader Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights Movement went still further in mid-1960s. There was a march on Washington for “Jobs and Freedom”. So in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed. This movement shows the American black people's bravery and confidence in their struggles for equal rights and liberty.5. Wall Street is a street in lower Manhattan, New York. Wall Street was the northern limit of New York in 1653,when the Dutch built a wooden palisade here to protect the colony from Indian attack. Now it is the center of one of the most important financial districts in the world, and the name Wall Street is often used to mean the Stock Exchange or American finance in general. Wall Street is the symbol of American monopoly capitalism. III. Answer the following questions1. During American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln took two important measures, one is the “Homestead Bill”,the other is the “Emancipation Proclamation”. During the first stage of the war from 1861 to 1862, the North was in an unfavorable condition. The North army could not get much support from farmers and Negroes, because many farmers had not got enough land and Negroes had been still enslaved. So they had no interest in the war. In order to get support from the broad masses, Lincoln took these two measures. In May 1862 Lincoln issued the Homestead Bill, and this stimulated the development of capitalist agriculture in the South, greatly encouraged farmers. In September 1962, Lincoln issued the famous “Emancipation Proclamation”, freeing a great number of the slaves in the South and permitting them to join the armed forces of the North.After issuing the two measures, Lincoln's army became much stronger and got more support from the broad masses. Finally Lincoln won the war.2. In the U.S. government there are three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.The executive branch is headed by the President, consists of eleven departments and many independent agencies, including the postal service. The President, as the chief executive, performs many functions.He is the head of the government and chief of state. The President can negotiate foreign treaties, appoint government officials, command the armed forces, send and receive diplomatic officials. In fact he makes foreign policy. He also in e ach year submits to Congress a “State of the Union Message”, budget message and other reports. He may introduce legislative bill to Congress. The President has great power in the government. The legislative branch refers to Congress. Only Congress has the right; to make laws. It is the supreme legislative body of the nation, It is made of two houses —the senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch refers to the Supreme Court and some inferior courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court of the whole land and has the sole right to interpret the Constitution and review laws to see whether they are in agreement with the Constitution. The Supreme Court is headed by a Chief Justice and eight other justices.套三、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. Harvard,2. the end of American Civil War,3.Orthodox Eastern Church,4. Louisiana,5. arrow and heart.6. patriotism; American ideals,7. individuals,8. New Year’s Day;Santa Claus; North Pole; Christmas Eve; sleigh; reindeer; Christmas treeII. In each of the following questions there are four choices. Choose the correct answer. (10%)1. A2.C.3.D4.B5.C6. D7.B8.A9.A 10.DIII. Explain the following terms.1. When Franklin D. Rooselvelt was elected American President in 1982, American was in the Great Depression. In order to save the situation, he made a program to deal with the economic emergency. This program is known as the “ New Deal “. According to the “New Deal”, Roosevelt took efforts to consolidate the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones. At home, many public project, were launched to create employment through a huge increase in government responsibility. Crops were destroyed and agriculture production was cut down to stabilize the falling farm prices. The big industries were compelled to make reforms. Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”, paying pension to the old, unemployed and the injur ed. The “New Deal”relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people. The more important thing is that the Roosevelt Government carried out a progressive foreign policy against fascist aggression and wars.2. It is the largest library in the USA. It serves as a reference library. In 1800 Congress passed legislation founding the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., which was initially established to serve the needs of the members of Congress. Since then, this extraordinary collecti on has become one of the world’s great libraries and a depository for every work copyrighted in the United States. The library is open to the public and maintains major collections of papers, photographs, films, maps, and music.3.In brief, the mass media, including the press, radio, TV and Internet, is the methods of communication for the people. They offer general and narrow audiences with ideas, information and entertainment.4. V oice of America is the most famous of the radio stations of the America. It is started on the air in WashingtonD.C. in 1942 in the Second World War as a speaker for war information. VOA programs include news, commentary, popular music and features about American culture. Owing to its external service function, now it has 16 broadcasting stations, and about 40 foreign languages were used besides English, ranging from Albanian to Chinese. Some advanced technology such as relay facilities and satellites are used to send programs overseas.5. A famous novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852. The novel described the cruel things that might happen to a slave under a cruel master. It had a very strong influence and aroused a great and universal hatred for slavery.IV. Answer the following questions.1. By the end of the 19th century the United States had grown into a highly developed industrial country andreached the stage of imperialism. Then it began its overseas expansion. Hawaii fell into her control in 1893. In 1898 U. S. Congress declared war on Spain. It invaded China by means of both force and culture. In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising. During the two world wars, the U.S. also extended its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region. After the war, the U. S. started it s “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union. In 1950 it invaded Korea. In 1964 the U. S. started long year's Vietnam War. In 1990s the U. S. attacked Iraq and Kosovo. In a word , the United States never stops its aggression and expansion.2. (1) The system of the Gulf: The Mississippi River and its tributaries form an important inland navigation andirrigation system. (2) The system of the Atlantic: The Hudson River, linked by canals with the five Great Lakes, is one of the main arteries for inland water traffic. There are also Potomac River, St. Lawrence River which serves as an international river forming part of the boundary between U.S. and Canada. (3) The system of the Pacific: two major rivers, the Columbia River and the Colorado River which are rich in potential water power.3. American industry is developing so rapidly that it has been in the leading position for the past century. Manymanufacture goods rank the first three in the world. Its major industry includes aircraft, computers, chemicals, electronics, motor vehicles, textiles, etc. There are many big companies and small enterprises…《英美概况（二）》练习题二答案套四、答案I. Fill in the following blanks.1. 1607, 17762.Christopher Columbus3.Plymouth4. Philadelphia5. 17836. Missouri, Ohio7. St. Lawrence River8. Colorado River9. Appalachian 10. Potomac 11. three 12. State 13.Bill of Rights 14. House of Representatives 15. DemocraticII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[F]4.[T]5.[T]6. [F]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F]III. Explain the following terms.1. The Democratic Party grew out of the “ Anti-Federalists” that appeared after 1787. It was founded in 1828, ledby a group of planters and capitalists and a considerable number of small farmers. Thomas Jefferson was the leader.2. The parties in the United States choose all th eir candidates for election at “primary e lections”, which is held inspring. “Primary elections” are considered the first step and part of the formal voting process and it has many forms. Once the party candidates have been chosen, the primary campaign between the parties begins Sometimes a lot of money is needed for a primary campaign.3. The war was started under Eisenhower and ended in January 1973. It ended with a victory of the NorthVietnamese people and a thorough failure of the United States. The Vietnam War was an example of American imperialism for the benefit of the American corporate military interests.4.. the Civil Rights Movement carried by the blacks to get the civil rights in 1950's to 1960's and to fight againstracial segregation. As the result of their struggle, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. And the V oting Rights Act was passed in 1965.5. Martin Luther King was an outstanding leader of the Civil Rights Movement, a Baptist clergyman. He upheld“non-violence” struggle. He set up a boycott of the bus lines. He also led the largest civil rights rally in 1963.So the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964. He protested against voting-rights restriction. In 1964 the Voting Rights Act was passed. From 1965-1968 his struggle turned to the discrimination and injustice in the North and protested against the Vietnam War. He was assassinated in April 1968.IV. Answer the following questions.1. Because at home, there was wartime scarcity, high wages, accumulated savings and industrial expansion.There was a pent-up demand for consumer goods. The establishment of new factories, the expansion of internal and external markets and the increasing employment all account for the prosperity. At abroad Germany, Japan and Italy lost their capacity for competition with America. They relied greatly upon the aid and products from the. U. S. But this prosperity disappeared so quickly because it was based upon the war time economy.2. (1) It achieved prominent breakthroughs in the three fields of atomic energy, electronic computers and spacenavigation. (2) Organ and Limb transplants were tried such as heart transplants. (3) New drugs and preventatives were discovered such as polio vaccine, vaccinations etc.套五、答案I. Fill in the following blanks in English1. five Great Lakes2. Atlantic coast3. New York Stock Exchange4.the Associated Press (AP)5. space satellite6. Declaration of Independence7. atom bomb8. Desert Storm9. Grand Canyon 10. Death Valley 11. Harriet Beecher Stowe 12. Great Depression 13. Pearl Harbor 14. Second World War 15. Midway Island 16. three 17. 3000 18. Baptist 19. Detroit 20. “do-it-yourself”21. 117 22. privately 23. Labor Day 24. advertising 25. HalloweenII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]1.[F]2.[T]3.[T]4.[T]5.[F]6. [T]7. [F]8.[T]9. [F] 10. [F] )III. Define the following terms1. The first ten amendments put into the Constitution in 1791, which include freedom of speech, the right to assemble and other democratic rights.2. The Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in May 1775. It decided to take charge of thetroops around the Boston and appointed George Washington as commander to fight for their freedom and independence.3. In April 1945 forty-eight countries attended the conference at San Francisco in America to organize apeacetime, permanent organization in the world. Thus the United Nations was founded.4. The Constitution limits the power of each government branch, and prevents any one branch from gainingundue power. This balance is always kept among the three branches.5. is the largest state in the USA. It was purchased by the USA from Russia in 1867. The total area is 1 500 000square kilometers, much of which is mountainous. Its capital is Juneau. Its chief industries are oil, natural gas and fishing, especially salmon fishing.IV. Answer the following questions1. (1) With the war over, the United States again achieved a stable political environment. Both foreign anddomestic capital became available for investment. (2) Black slaves were free, and the waves of European and Asian immigrants poured into the US, so there was enough labor supply for the development of industries. (3) Science and inventions played a very important role. New thing were invented one after another. (4) The federal government put high taxes on foreign imports. This encouraged Americans to buy American-made goods. (5) The United States was rich in natural resources. These advantages together contributed to the development of the US.2. The bond is the borrower’s written promise to repay the loan on a certain date and also to pay a certain rate ofinterest on the borrowed money. The individual who buys bonds does not share in the company’s profits, but neither does he run the risk of losing money if the stock goes down in value. Corporation may issue bonds to obtain money for expansion. State and local governments issue bonds to raise fund for community improvements such as highway, bridges, schools, and hospitals.3. First a bill introduced by member of Congress is sent to an appropriate legislative Congress works. Thecommittee is formed and holds hearing on it. Then the recommendations of the bill are reported to the Houses.The bill is debated on the floor of each house. Then the votes began. After the majority approval by both houses, the proposal law goes to the president. If two-thirds of each house of Congress approves it, the bill becomes law in spite of president's veto.。
英美概况复习题1答案
英美概况复习题1答案
1. 英国的首都是哪里？
答案：伦敦。
2. 美国的独立日是每年的哪一天？
答案：7月4日。
3. 英国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
4. 美国的货币单位是什么？
答案：美元。
5. 英国的国花是什么？
答案：玫瑰。
6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？
答案：第四。
7. 英国的国王或女王的正式称呼是什么？
答案：君主。
8. 美国的宪法有多少条修正案？
答案：27条。
9. 英国最大的城市是哪一个？
答案：伦敦。
答案：玫瑰。
11. 英国的议会由哪两院组成？
答案：上议院和下议院。
12. 美国的总统任期是多久？
答案：四年。
13. 英国的国歌名是什么？
答案：《天佑女王》。
14. 美国的人口在世界上排名第几？答案：第三。
15. 英国的国旗由哪几种颜色组成？答案：蓝色、白色和红色。
16. 美国的首都是哪个城市？
答案：华盛顿特区。
17. 英国的国教是什么？
答案：英国国教。
18. 美国的官方语言是什么？
答案：英语。
19. 英国的君主制是哪种类型？
答案：立宪君主制。
答案：《星条旗》。
英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案
英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案简介《英美概况》是一本全面介绍英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济和社会现象的教材。
第四版上册是其最新版本，为了帮助读者更好地掌握教材内容，本文主要介绍了《英美概况》第四版上册的课后练习题及其答案。
课后练习题第一章马恩列斯主义的世界影响1.为什么20世纪初期，马克思主义在俄国和中国得到了很多支持者？答案：在俄国和中国，工业化程度较低，社会阶级结构明显，人民处于经济和政治上的不利地位，马克思主义提供了一种解释和改变社会状况的思想和方法，因此在这些国家得到了很多支持者。
2.马恩列斯主义的三个基本组成部分是什么？答案：哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义是马克思主义的三个基本组成部分。
第二章英美宪政制度的深层问题1.英美宪政制度的两个特点是什么？答案：一是权力均衡制度的实行，二是国家最高权力代表制度的实行。
2.英国议会制度的基本形式是什么？答案：英国议会制度的基本形式是下院和上院的双院制。
第三章英国的政治体系及其现状1.请简要介绍英国两大主要政党的区别。
答案：英国两大主要政党是保守党和工党。
保守党主张经济自由主义、传统价值观和强硬外交政策，工党主张社会民主主义、平等和国际主义。
2.英国各地区的议员数目是不同的，为什么？答案：英国根据各地区的人口数确定议员数目，保证各地区在议会中的代表权重相当。
第四章美国的政治体系及其现状1.美国总统、参议员和众议员的任期分别是多久？答案：美国总统任期为4年，参议员任期为6年，众议员任期为2年。
2.美国政治体系中的分权制度是什么？答案：美国政治体系中的分权制度是各州与中央政府之间权力的分立和制衡，各州政府在一定范围内有独立的权力。
结语以上是《英美概况》第四版上册的部分课后练习题及其答案。
本文仅供参考，读者们可以通过这些练习题，更好地掌握教材的内容。
大一英美概况试题及答案
大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United States of America is commonly referred to as:A. UKB. USAC. USD. America答案：C2. The United Kingdom is located in:A. North AmericaB. South AmericaC. EuropeD. Asia答案：C3. The official language of the United States is:A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. German答案：C4. The capital of the United Kingdom is:A. LondonB. ManchesterC. EdinburghD. Glasgow答案：A5. The currency used in the United States is:A. Pound SterlingB. EuroC. DollarD. Yen答案：C6. The population of the United States is approximately:A. 50 millionB. 150 millionC. 300 millionD. 500 million答案：C7. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Union (EU):A. TrueB. False答案：B8. The United States is a federal republic consisting of:A. 50 statesB. 48 statesC. 52 statesD. 46 states答案：A9. The United Kingdom's system of government is:A. MonarchyB. RepublicC. CommunistD. Dictatorship答案：A10. The United States was founded on:A. July 4, 1776B. July 4, 1777C. July 4, 1775D. July 4, 1783答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest city in the United States is ________.答案：New York City2. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ________.答案：Northern Ireland3. The national anthem of the United States is called________.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner4. The United Kingdom's national anthem is ________.答案：God Save the Queen5. The United States is bordered by ________ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada6. The United Kingdom's national flag is known as the________.答案：Union Jack7. The President of the United States is elected for a term of ________ years.答案：four8. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the ________.答案：government9. The United States is divided into three main regions: the Northeast, the South, and the ________.答案：West10. The United Kingdom is part of the ________ continent.答案：European三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Describe the political system of the United States.答案：The United States has a federal system of government with three branches: the legislative (Congress), the executive (President), and the judicial (Supreme Court). The President serves as both the head of state and the head of government.2. Explain the role of the Queen in the United Kingdom.答案：The Queen is the constitutional monarch of the United Kingdom and serves as the symbol of national unity. Her role is largely ceremonial, and she does not have direct political power.3. What are the main cultural influences in the United States? 答案：The United States has a diverse cultural landscape influenced by its indigenous peoples, European settlers, African slaves, and immigrants from all over the world. The main cultural influences include Native American traditions, European heritage, African American culture, and the melting pot of immigrant cultures.四、论述题（30分）Discuss the historical significance of the AmericanRevolution and its impact on the development of the United States.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that led to the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It marked the end of British colonialrule and the beginning of a new era of self-governance. The Revolution was significant because it was the firstsuccessful colonial revolt against a major European power. It also set a precedent for other colonies seeking independence and inspired movements for democracy and self-determination around the world. The impact of the American Revolution isstill felt today in the form of the democratic principles and values enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, which continue to shape the nation's political and social landscape.。
英美概况复习题答案
英美概况复习题参考答案一、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 阿拉斯加，夏威夷，阿拉斯加，太平，火奴鲁鲁/檀香山2．阿拉巴契亚，落基3．苏格兰，威尔士4．好莱坞，洛杉矶5．大西，英吉利，北6．大宪章7．塞文，泰晤士8．密西西比河9．大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国10．大不列颠，爱尔兰二、单项选择题（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）三、判断题（共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）四、名词翻译（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）1．Church of England2．Magna Carta/ The Great Charter3．cabinet4．Declaration of Independence5．Constitution6. Mayflower7. Shadow Cabinet8. Republican Party9. Labor Party10. Supreme Court五、问答题（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）1. 工业革命的展开和工业资本主义的发展，工人阶级力量的壮大；1832年的英国议会改革，使工业资产阶级获得了选举权，工人阶级却被排斥于议会之外；工人与资本家的矛盾日益尖锐，工人的生活悲惨；1838年，伦敦工人协会的工人领袖与议会的激进派议员共同草拟了一份请愿书，并命名为“人民宪章”。
2. 经济：生产力迅速发展；政治：巩固了资本主义各国的统治基础，引起了社会结，构的重大变革，出现两大对立阶级；生活：城市化。
人们的生活方式和价值观在逐渐变化；国际关系：密切了世界各地之间的联系，改变了世界的面貌，最终确立了资产阶级对世界的统治。
3. 北美独立战争是一个伟大的历史事件。
它推翻了英国在北美的殖民统治，使北美成为独立自主的资产阶级民主共和国；解放了美国的生产力，为美国资本主义的发展扫清了道路；在国际上，它推动了法国资产阶级革命，促进了英国的民主改革，影响了欧洲各国的资产阶级革命；它也给当时整个美洲的民族独立运动以深远的影响。
《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(英国部分) (1)
《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）==================================================== PART ONE The United Kingdom Chapter One The LandP. 6II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.2. Four. England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. Yes, it was.4. No, it isn’t.5. The “British Isles” is a group of islands including Great Britain, Ireland, the Isleof Man, the Channel Islands, Shetland Islands, the Isle of Wight, and manyother smaller surrounding islands. There are two countries located on the islands:the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.P. 10II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. England, Scotland, Ireland2. white, St. George, England, St. Andrew, Scotland, St. Patrick, IrelandIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3.T4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. 1801.2. Because when the first version of the Union Flag appeared Wales was alreadyunited with England and was therefore represented by the flag of England.3. Australia, New Zealand, Tuvalu, Fiji.4. 1922.P. 12-13II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIII Answer the following questions.1. God Save the Queen.2. There are five verses in the full version of the song but usually only the first verseis sung on official occasions.3. It’s u nknown.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 1745.5. It is played whenever the Queen makes a public appearance, and is played by theBBC every night before closedown.P. 16-17I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 7.83 million, 3002. England3. three4. 19485. LondonII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FP. 20III Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea2. Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland3. France4. the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Atlantic Ocean5. a sixthIV Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TV Answer the following questions.1. No.2. It covers about 245,000 square kilometers or 94,600 square miles.3. It is about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) long, and the widest part of Britain isabout 480 kilometers.4. It has a land boundary with the Republic of Ireland as long as 434 kilometers(270 miles).5. Scotland.P. 23-24II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. highland, lowland2. coastal areas, Scotland, Wales3. Severn, Thames4. Clyde5. The Dee6. Bann7. Lough Neagh, Lower Lough ErneIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Scotland and Wales are the most mountainous parts of the UK.2. 94.3. It’s Ben Nevis in Scotland, with a height of 1,344 metres (4,409 feet) above sealevel.4. Scotland.5. Owing to a relatively small island, the UK’s rivers are not very long.P. 25I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. coal2. iron ore3. tin4. those used in the construction and building industries such as sand and gravel,limestone and gypsumII Answer the following questions.1. They are coal, oil, natural gas, iron ore, tin, zinc, gold, chalk, salt, clay, limestone,gypsum, lead, silica, and so on.2. Coal.3. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 in the West Sole area of the North Sea.4. Oil was discovered in 1970 under the North Sea.5. Because coal can be produced more cheaply in other countries.6. The tin-mining industries have been hard hit by competition from cheaperoverseas producers, and by changes in government policy.P. 27II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. unique2. cool, mild3. 32, about4.44. west, south5. average annual temperature, average winter rainfallIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Such a statement has been made because of the changeability of the weatherconditions in Britain that can change so much from day to day, season to season.2. It can be as hot as 32°C (90°F), but mostly it only reaches 26°C.3. It’s about4.4°C.4. It originated in a patriotic song, and first publicly performed in London in 17455. They are probably May, June, September and October.P. 40I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1.England, Guildhall, St. Paul’s Cathedral, the Tower Bridge2. second, Athens of the North3. industrialized, the Industrial Revolution, fastest growing city4. the House’s Parliament, the two House’s of Parliament, Big Ben5. William the Conqueror, a royal residence, prison of state, Jewel House6. at the foot of the basalt cliffs, 40,000 massive black basalt columnsII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. T5. T6. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Manchester. Manchester United FC and Manchester City.2. Liverpool.P. 42-43I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 9, 322. 26, 63. 17, 3, 144. islandII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. An overseas territory is under British sovereignty but does not form part of theUK itself; a crown dependency is also under sovereignty of the UK but has adifferent constitutional relationship.2. Yes.Chapter Two The People and Their CultureP. 48I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, twenty-second2. 80.05, 77.95, 82.253. medical advances in the treatment of many illnesses and diseases4. Scotland5. 80 percent6. England, 3957. 4,700II Answer the following questions.1. 62,262,000.2. The chief reasons are 1) the increase in births and decrease in deaths; 2) theincrease in net international migration to the UK; and 3) the increase in lifeexpectancy.3. It is 0.6 percent.4. It is 2.6 migrant(s) per 1,000 population.5. It was 256 people per square kilometer.P. 49Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Immigration and migration from other countries2. 92.13. 8%4. 0.45. 2P. 52-53II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, Mandarin Chinese and Spanish2. English3. the three countries in Britain and Northern Ireland in Ireland, the four countriesthemselves4. Welsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish5. secondIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Approximately 375 million people.2. Beside English there are also four Celtic languages in use in the UK, such asWelsh, Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish.3. Because of the USA’s dominance of cinema, television, popular music, trade andtechnology (including the Internet).4. The major differences are in phonology, phonetics, vocabulary, grammar andspelling.P. 56-57II Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Christianity2. Roman Catholic, England3. Scotland4. Roman Catholic, the Presbyterian Church5. immigration6. 152,000III Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Christianity.2. Queen Elizabeth II.3. Yes, they are.4. The Roman Catholic Church.5. The Roman Catholic Church.P. 60-61I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. conservative2. the weather3. Trooping the colour, Changing of the Guard4. Foot Guard, Household Cavalry5. palaceII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. D5. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It is true, its conservatism has something to do with the fact that Britain is anisland isolated from the European Continent and its weather is frequentlychanging.2. It was for the soldiers to recognize their own regiment as soon as possible. Itoften takes place in London annually on the second Saturday in June.P. 67-68I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the death and his resurrection2. exchanging gifts, decorating Christmas trees, attending church, sharing mealswith family and friends, waiting for Father Christmas to arrive3. the seed of life4. go trick-or-treating and carve pumpkins5. slaveryII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. D4. C5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. It commemorates all those men and women who were killed during the two WorldWars and other conflicts.2. In the past, hunting fox was a popular sport among the upper classes. Now horsingracing and football are popular.3. Fasting is to develop patience and self-control, to learn sympathy for the deprived,to cleanse the body and mind, to gain appreciation for Allah's bounty, todemonstrate the depth of one's commitment, and to protect against sin.There are, then, three levels of the Ramadan fast:-Refraining from the physical things that are forbidden (performed with the mouth/stomach/sexual organs).-Restraining oneself from saying, hearing and looking at forbidden things (performed with the senses).-Renewing one's devotion to Allah (performed with the heart and mind).P. 71-72I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. welfare, from-cradle-to-grave2. the National Health Service3.the retirement pension4. accidental injury at work, the conditions5. the Beveridge ReportII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5.FP. 78I Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2.D3. D4. D (40改成47)5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. F5. FP. 83I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. football2. Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool3. Wimbledon, Australian Open, French Open, US Open4. 18, 17, 15. Formula 1 British Grand Prix, the Wales Rally GB, the Festival of SpeedII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. Football, rugby, cricket, golf, tennis, hockey, etc.2. Watchers can bet a horse to be thought to win.3. The Football Association Challenge Cup (英格兰足总杯). It is the oldest footballcompetition in the world, founded in 1872. It's the competition that provides theopportunity for small, part-time clubs to potentially go head to head with the bigclubs of the Premiership.P. 88-89I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. freedom of the press, conflicts, freedom of access to information, the interests ofthe public, the privacy, individual2. entertainment, public opinion, political3. news, entertainment, sports4. the Times, the Guardian, the Daily Telegraph, the Financial Times5. BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four, Channel FiveII Choose the best answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. B4. B5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3.F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. They are central to British leisure culture.2. Because it can bring buyers and sellers together, provide people with theinteractive platforms, and people can use it to do digital marketing, e-commerce,management, etc.P. 93-94I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 37, 1542. evolutionary, natural selection, The Origin of Species, The Descent of Man.3. James Cook4. Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, James Cook, Stephen Hawking, WinstonChurchill, Diana SpencerII Answer the following questions.1. Stephen Hawking is a British theoretical physicist noted for his research into theorigin of the universe. His work influenced the development of the big bang andblack hole theories.2. He was the 20th century's most famous and celebrated Prime Minister who ledBritain to victory in World War Two. He worked tirelessly throughout the war,building strong relations with US President Roosevelt while maintaining asometimes difficult alliance with the Soviet Union.Chapter Three A Brief History of the United KingdomP. 97-98I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Ice Age2. Beaker Folk3. The Celts4. the Irish, the Welsh5. DruidismII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. C3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 3000 and 2000 BC2. Three Waves. The first wave was the Gaels who came around 600 BC; thesecond wave was the Britons who came around 400 BC, and the third wave wasthe Belgae who came around 150 BC.3. The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had come before, began toarrive in Britain at about 700 BC and kept coming until the arrival of theRomans.P. 100-101I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Julius Caesar2. 433. Boadica, Londinium4. 410 AD5. YorkII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. C4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Between 55 and 54 BC.2. The invasion of British Isles.3. Firstly, the resistance of the British people was strong. Secondly, Roman troopswere often withdrawn from Britain to fight in other parts of the Roman Empire.4. 400 years.5. The Romans also made good use of Britain’s natural resources, minin g lead, ironand tin and manufacturing pottery, etc.P. 104I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Jutes, Saxons and Angles2. English3. Mercia, Offa’s Dyke4. St. Augustine5. Archbishop of CanterburyII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. C3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3.T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. The seven kingdoms are: Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia andNorth Umbria.2. The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday derive from the names ofthe gods of Anglo-Saxons’ Teutonic religion: Tiu, the god of war, Wooden, king ofheaven, Thor, the god of storms, and Freya, goddess of peace.3. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts and shire reeves, orsheriffs, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised thenarrow-strip, three-field farming system in use up to the 18th century. Thirdly,they also established the manorial system. Finally, they created the Witan toadvise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.P. 106-107I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Edward2. William the Conqueror3. William (此题印刷有错，需把句子中的William删掉)II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. D3. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. TIV Answer the following question1.Edward was called Edward the Confessor as he was a very religious man andwould often go to church and confess to sins. The title "confessor" alsodistinguished this Edward from Edward the Martyr (c962-979). Edward was latermade a saint, due to his building of Westminster Abbey and efforts in otherchurches.2.The Norman Conquest replaced the loosely organized Anglo-Saxon kingdomwith a feudal system based on land ownership by a hereditary aristocracy thatowed its position - and therefore lands and loyalty - to a strong central authoritywith a hereditary succession. In addition, there were other changes such as inEnglish emigration and Norman immigration, women’s rights, language, etc.3.There are four. They were the King of Norway, the Duke of Normandy, and twobrothers of Edward’s Queen, named Edith, and Harold Godwinson.P. 110-111I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. an English charter2. 1337, 14533. territorial, economic4. 1348 - 1350II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. C3. B4. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Feudalism in England was established by William the Conqueror and theNormans following the defeat of the English Anglo Saxons at the Battle ofHastings in 1066.2. Magna Carta is an English charter, originally issued by King John of England atRunnymede in the English county of Surrey under compulsion from the churchand his barons on 15 June 1215. The charter was reissued later for several timesin modified versions which omitted certain temporary provisions, including themost direct challenges to the monarch's authority, which had a huge influenceon the developing legal system of England.3. The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their variousallies for control of the French throne. It was the result of a dynasticdisagreement dating back to William the Conqueror who became King ofEngland in 1066, while remaining Duke of Normandy. As dukes of Normandyand other lands on the continent, the English kings owed homage to the Kingof France. In 1337 Edward III of England refused to pay homage to Philip VIof France, leading the French king to claim confiscation of Edward's lands inAquitaine.4. The war was in fact a series of separate wars and is commonly divided intothree phases. First, the English won a great naval victory at Sluys in 1340, thenan equally decisive land battle near Calais at Crecy in 1346. Then the Englishwent on to take Calais; and in 1356 at Poitiers they won another victory overthe French King who was taken prisoner and held to ransom.5. The Black Death was one of the most devastating epidemic diseases in humanhistory, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1349, and killing nearly half ofEurope’s population. Additionally, The Black Death is thought to have startedin Asia. It then travelled along the Silk Road and reached the Crimea by 1346.From there, it was probably carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black ratsthat were regular passengers on merchant ships. All in all, the plague reducedthe world population from an estimated 450 million to a number between 350and 375 million in the 14th century. Moreover, the impact of the Black Deathupon the future of England was greater than upon any other European country.The Black Death has been seen as creating a series of religious, social andeconomic upheavals which changed the face of the English society in aprofound way.P. 115I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 1642-1646, 1647-16492. Puritan Revolution3. overthrew, foundation, beginning4. the Glorious Revolution of 16885. The Bill of RightsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. A3. D4. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. FP. 118I Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. B3. A4. D5. CII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. TIII Answer the following questions.1. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processesthat occurred in the period from about 1760 to some time between 1820 and1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines,new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiencyof water power, the increasing use of steam power and development of machinetools. The transition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels tocoal. The Industrial revolution began in England and within a few decadesspread to Western Europe and the United States.2. The accumulation of capital; the development of capitalist farming; theappearance of a labour reserve; and the expansion of markets, domestic andforeign.3. The Industrial Revolution promoted the development of production. Within a short period the Industrial Revolution took over all industries in Britain and replaced other systems of production. And it improves the living standards. Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in often miserable and squalid conditions. And etc.4. The industrial revolution was a period in Britain from mid-1700s to themid-1800s in which power-driven machines in factories replaced manual labor.The industrial revolution resulted from advances in applied science and engineering, such as the development of steam engines (especially those of the inventor James Watt). Much of the laboring population, previously largely employed in agriculture, moved to the industrial towns and cities, where they were housed and employed in miserable conditions.5. The causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution are complicated and remaina topic for debate. The reference answer is as follows:Causes:-Iron renovations: stronger, better quality iron-Labor surplus—more jobs, more people to do jobs-Stable agricultural society—the agricultural revolution improved food supply and quality; created a strong base for industrialization-High food supply—stated above; more farmland + more transportation = more crops-Ready capital—constant supply of money-Population growth—due to food supply-Government allowed fencing off lands—peasants now needed work after being kicked off private farmland-Entrepreneurs—people wanted to make money through new ways andopportunities-Plentiful natural resources—rivers = water power for steam engine andtransportation, iron ore and coal = fuel-Relatively free society—government usually exhibited laissez faire (let people do what they want), economy regulated itself, ideas circulated freely-Ready market—ships could deliver and transport-Stable governmen t—strong central government to support the peopleEffects:-Better transportatio n—faster, cheaper-Long distance communication s—telegraphs, etc. linked nations from coast to coast-Money to be mad e—capitalism: investments, inventing, selling, producing-Bad working condition s—disease, deformations, long, hard hours-Child abuse-New invention s—locomotives (railroads), purer iron, factories, spinning jenny, steam engines, steamboats...etc-Rural workers became urban workers-Increased production rates (everything machine made)-Family life disrupted—families were separated, women and children alsolabored-Bad pay—women paid half or less than men-Migration and population boom in cities—everyone flocked to cities to workin factories-Industrialization "age"—spread to Europe and around the world-Social classes formed—industrial middle class and industrial working classesemerged-Industrial capitalism took hold—economic system of manufacturingP. 121I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. The Reform Act2. The New Poor Law3. charter of political demands (A People's Charte)4. Moral Force Chartists, Physical Force ChartistsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. B3. CIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. T4. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Charter Movement was a movement for political and social reform in Britainduring the mid-19th century, between 1838 and 1850. In the years 1839, 1842 and1848, the Chartist Movement urged Parliament to adopt three great petitions. Ofthese, the best known is the final petition, with six million signatures (although anumber of these were later found to be fake), presented to Parliament on 10thApril 1848 after a huge meeting on Kennington Common. This event achievedgreat prominence in the story of Chartism, due largely to the reaction of theauthorities as they faced the challenges of that turbulent year.2. Between 1832 and 1884 three Reform Bills were passed in the British parliament.The Reform Act of 1832 abolished “rotten Boroughs”, and redistributedparliamentary seats more fairly among the growing towns. It also gave the vote tomany householders and tenants, based on the value of their property. The NewPoor Law of 1834 forced the poor people into work houses instead of giving themsufficient money to survive in their own homes. The 6 points in the People’sCharter were achieved very gradually over the period of 1858-1918, although thesixth has never been practical. Lenin said the Chartist Movement was "the firstbroad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement."3. The movement failed for a number of reasons:-It failed to obtain parliamentary support for the Charter.-The middle-classes ignored, shunned or condemned Chartism.-Chartists were divided among themselves.-Government handled the movement firmly and calmly.-Chartist demands were too drastic.-There was too much diversity in the intellectual and ideological aims ofChartism.-Other movements offering more immediate and tangible benefits attractedchartists.-The socio-economic position improved after 1842. Prosperity eliminated masssupport.-Chartism and the Chartists were made to look ridiculous after KenningtonCommon, and the failure of the Land Plan.-The changing sociology of England after railways fragmented the apparent unityof the working classes.P. 124I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the 16th century, 15832. England, Scotland3. Jamestown4. 22.5 million5. the 20th centuryII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. A3. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. F4. TP. 128I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Entente Powers, Central Powers of Germany2. Britain, economy3. New York stock market4. Battle of Britain5. ConservativeII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1.T2. T3. F4. FIII Answer the following questions.1. The assassination on 28 June 1914 of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, theheir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by a Yugoslav nationalist in Sarajevo,Bosnia was the spark of the war. It resulted in a Habsburg ultimatum against theKingdom of Serbia. Several alliances formed over the previous decades wereinvoked, so, within weeks, the major powers were at war; via their colonies, theconflict soon spread around the world.2. Britain was one of the main countries fighting on the side of the Entente againstthe Central Powers. Britain, together with its empire, went to war early in August1914 and fought for the entire duration of the war.3.World War Two began in September 1939 when Britain and France declared waron Germany following Germany's invasion of Poland. Although the outbreak of。
英美概况期末考试复习范围(答案)
英美概况期末考试复习范围选择题部分需准备的内容：1.P3: British Isles are made of ?a)The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones.The twolarge island islands are Great Britain and Ireland.b)英国由两块大岛屿和上百的小岛屿组成。
两块大岛屿分别是大不列颠和爱尔兰2.P10: average rainfall in Britaina)The average annual rainfall in Britain is over 1,000 min.b)英国年降水量是1,000毫米3.P12: Anglo-Saxons (laid the foundation of the English states)a)The English are Anglo-Saxons,...b)英国是由盎格鲁-撒克逊人建立的。
4.P18: Celts’ religiona)The Celts' religion was Druidism.b)柯尔特人的宗教是德鲁伊教5.P20: three Teutonica)In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain.b)三支日耳曼部族：朱特，撒克逊和盎格鲁6.P21: Saxons established their kingdom in?a)Then the Saxons,users of the short-sword from northern Germany,established theirkingdoms in Essex,Sussex and Wessex.b)撒克逊人在伊赛克斯，苏赛克斯和维赛克斯建立王国。
英美概况复习题
英美概况复习题英美概况复习题一、地理概况英美两国位于北美洲，英国位于欧洲西北部，英国是英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四个国家的联合王国，美国则是由50个州组成的联邦共和国。
英国是一个岛国，由大不列颠岛和北爱尔兰岛组成，美国则是一个大陆国家，横跨北美洲。
英国的首都是伦敦，美国的首都是华盛顿特区。
二、历史概况英国是一个历史悠久的国家，曾经是大英帝国的核心。
英国在16世纪经历了工业革命，成为世界上第一个工业化国家，对世界的政治、经济和文化产生了深远的影响。
美国则是一个相对较年轻的国家，于18世纪末脱离英国殖民地的统治，成立了独立的美利坚合众国。
美国在19世纪经历了西进运动和内战，逐渐成为世界上最强大的国家之一。
三、政治制度英国是一个君主立宪制国家，国家元首是女王伊丽莎白二世，但实际上政府的运作主要由首相和议会负责。
英国的议会制度是二院制，由上议院和下议院组成。
美国则是一个总统制国家，国家元首和政府首脑是同一人，即总统。
美国的议会制度是两院制，由参议院和众议院组成。
四、经济概况英国是一个发达的资本主义经济体，以服务业为主导，金融、保险、房地产等行业发达。
英国是世界上最大的外汇市场之一，伦敦也是全球金融中心之一。
美国是世界上最大的经济体，以多元化的经济结构闻名，制造业、金融业、科技业等都非常发达。
美国的纽约、洛杉矶等城市也是世界级的金融中心和商业中心。
五、文化概况英国和美国都有丰富的文化遗产。
英国是莎士比亚的故乡，拥有众多文学巨匠，如狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等。
英国的音乐、戏剧和电影产业也非常发达，披头士乐队、皇后乐队等都是英国的文化符号。
美国是好莱坞的发源地，拥有世界上最大的电影产业。
美国的音乐、文学和艺术也非常丰富多样，爵士乐、摇滚乐、现代艺术等都是美国的文化瑰宝。
六、教育体系英国和美国都拥有世界一流的教育体系。
英国的剑桥大学、牛津大学等享有盛誉，被认为是世界上最好的大学之一。
美国的哈佛大学、斯坦福大学等也是世界顶尖的教育机构。
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新版英美概况复习习题_新版英美概况习题英国部分：一、名词解释1.The City of London2.King Harold3.The Vikings4.King Arthur5.King Alfred6.The Anglo-Saxons7.General election8.Prime minister9.Divine right of the king10.Oxbridge11.The Bill of Rights of 168912.The function of the parliament13.Different classes of Great Britain14.Elizabethan Drama15.Wuthering Heights16.Grammar schools17.tertiary industries18.The open university19.Christmas20.Football hooligans21.The invasion of the Romans22.The Great Charter/Magna Carta23.The Glorious Revolution24.the Battle of Hastings二、简答题1.The Canterbury T ales2.William Shakespeare3.relative decline of the UK economy4.Robert Burns5.Wimbledon International Tennis Championship6.Soccer7.the Easter Rising8.Robert the Bruce9.Boxing Day10.Halloween11.Robin Hood12.Union Jack13.Hereditary peers14.Easter uprisings15.The full name of the UK and the capital of each part16.The Romantic poets17.The Industrial Revolution18.Public schools19.One Hundred Years’ War20.General election21.the “Three Circles” foreign policy三、论述题1.The relation between the Queen and the government2.The establishment of the colonies of the UK3.The classes of the UK4.The relative decline of Great Britain美国部分：一、名词解释1.Puritans2.The Declaration of Independence3.George Washington4.Benjamin Franklin5.California Gold Rush6.The Bill of Rights7.Eli Whitney8.Wall Street9.an indentured servant/doc/d316531671.html,pulsory education of the USA11.Segregation Law12.Melting pot13.Michael Jordan14.The purchase of Alaska二、简答题1.The establishment of Virginia2.The Articles of Confederation3.The three branches of the American government4.The American Industrial Revolution5.James Fenimore Cooper6.Mark Twain7.American Civil War8.The New Deal9.The Lost Generation10.Ernest Hemingway11.Different kinds of American schools12.The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act13.The American Dream14.The purchase of Louisiana三、论述题1.Why the USA is called a nation of immigrants?2.The democratic system of the USA3.The American Civil War4.Why do the Americans consider sports very important in their life?5.The success of Franklin Roosevelt’s New DealMultiple Choice:1. Which of the following CANNOT be found in London?A. TeahousesB. GalleriesC. MuseumsD. Theatres2. The Tower of London, a historical sight, was built by _____.A. King HaroldB. Robin HoodC. Oliver CromwellD. William the Conqueror3. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-SaxonsB. the NormansC. the VikingsD. the Romans4. The United Kingdom is made up of _____ parts.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five5. The capital of the Scotland is _____.A. LondonB. BelfastC. EdinburghD. Cardiff6. The first inhabitants in England are the _____.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Danes7. The first invaders to England in 43AD were the _____.A. NormansB. VikingsC. GermansD. Romans8. King Arthur is a well-known king from the legends of the _____.A. JutesB. Anglo-SaxonsC. DanesD. Normans9. “William the Conqueror” defeated and killed the English king in the Battle of _____.A. LondonB. CalaisC. HastingsD. Canterbury10. The king who was executed in the 17th century was _____.A. William IB. Henry IC. Charles ID. George I11. The Scottish king _____ defeated the English army in theBattle of Bannockburn, leading to300 years of full independence for Scotland.A. William WallaceB. Robert the BruceC. James ID. Canute12. The leader of the republican “roundheads” was _____ who killed the king in the 17th century.A. Oliver CromwellB. Robert BurnsC. Winston ChurchillD. Robin Hood13. By whom is a “vote of no confidence” decided?A. The House of CommonsB. The House of LordsC. The Prime MinisterD. The two big parties14. Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer?A. BeowulfB. The Canterbury TalesC. Treasure IslandD. Ivanhoe15. which of the following tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. Dr. FaustusB. FrankensteinC. HamletD. Sense and Sensibility16. In Britain, the greatest majority of parents send their children to _____.A. private schoolsB. public schoolsC. state schoolsD. grammar schools17. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London?A. The cultural centre.B. The business centre.C. The financial centreD. The sports centre.18. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A. James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I19. Which of the following DID NOT belong to Romanticism?A. KeatsB. ShellyC. WordsworthD. Defoe20. Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?A. The University of CambridgeB. The University of OxfordC. The University of EdinburghD. The University of Buckingham21. Which of the following is NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development ofEurope?A. The growth of capitalismB. The RenaissanceC. The Religious ReformationD. The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church22. The following are the founding fathers of the United States except _____.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. William PennD. Benjamin Franklin23. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of _____.A. the settlers of VirginiaB. the people of PennsylvaniaC. the colonists in New EnglandD. the people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution24. The following are the writers of the Declaration of Independence except _____.A. Thomas JeffersonB. George WashingtonC. John AdamsD. Benjamin Franklin25. The man who named the American primitive people “Indians” is _____.A. Amerigo VespucciB. Christopher ColumbusC. Henry HudsonD. John Cabot26. The Seven Year’s War was fought between Britain and _____.A. SpainB. HollandC. FranceD. Portugal27. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?A. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland28. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws and levy federal taxes?A. The executiveB. The legislativeC. The judicialD. The president29. Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A. The freedom of religionB. The freedom of searching a person’s home by policeC. The freedom of speech and of the pressD. The right of owning weapon if one wishes30. The New Deal was started by _____.A. Franklin RooseveltB. J. F. KennedyC. George WashingtonD. Thomas Jefferson31. The “American system” of mass production was first used in _____.A. car industryB. textile industryC. firearms industryD. agriculture32. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?A. bankingB. management consultationC. airlineD. steelmaking33. The United States was rated the _____ in the world in terms of land area and the size ofpopulation.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth34. In which year was the USA rated NO. 1 in terms of production capacity in the world?A. 1920B. 1950C. 1945D. 196035. The USA produces as much as half of the world’s _____.A. wheat and riceB. cottonC. tobacco and vegetable oilD. soybeans and corn36. The latest technology that the American farmers have adopted is _____.A. artificial fertilizersB. pesticideC. tractorsD. computers37. Which of the following was a writer of the post-Revolutionary period?A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Natty BumppoC. Washington IrvingD. Rip Van Winkle38. Which of the following was written by James Fenimore Cooper?A. The Last of the MohicansB. The Legend of the Sleepy HollowC. The Masque of the Red DeathD. Moby Dick39. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?A. mathematics and languagesB. politics and business educationC. science and social studiesD. music and physical education40. The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by _____.A. teachersB. studentsC. headmastersD. boards of education41. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of income except _____.A. investmentB. student tuitionC. endowmentsD. government funding42. Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot?A. Mark TwainB. Stephen CraneC. Henry JamesD. Israel Zangwill43. Which of the following was President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s main concern?A. health careB. personal freedomC. material wealthD. social justice44. Which of the following institutions is responsible for the making of the Internet?A. the US militaryB. the US entertainment industryC. the US film industryD. the US education sector45. Niagara Falls is located in the State of _____.A. New YorkB. VirginiaC. North CarolinaD. South California46. If you visit Alaska, you can see the following except _____.A. northern Polar LightB. glaciersC. surfersD. caribou47. The Everglades, du bbed with the name of “the River of Grass”, is _____ containing a largecollection of wildlife.A. a green riverB. a deep valleyC. a subtropical wetlandsD. a small island48. Michael Jordan is a famous player of _____.A. footballB. basketballC. baseballD. tennis49. Ronald Reagan used to be a _____.A. basketball playerB. sports radio announcerC. conservative political columnistD. sports writer50. Which of the following remarks is NOT true about Hawaii?A. Hawaii is made up of a large group of big and small islandsB. There are numerous active volcanoes in HawaiiC. More than 40 percent of the local residents in Hawaii are American AsiansD. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941Fill in the blanks:1.The United Kingdom consists of __________, __________, __________, and _____________.2.The English language has three stages in its history. They are _______________,_______________, _______________.3.The novel Robinson Crusoe was written by____________________.4.The doctrine of the “divine right of kings” held that the sovereign derived his authority from_______, not from _________.5.The party which wins the majority seats in parliament forms ______ and its party leaderbecomes_______.6.Normally a government of the United Kingdom can be in power for____years, and then it hasto resign and hold a general election.7.The “Jewel in the Crown”of the British Empire____, which provided _______ and a bigmarket for British goods, gained independence in 1947.8.Since 1945, the UK has experienced ______ decline rather than _____ decline./doc/d316531671.html, two of the tragedies written by William Shakespeare:___________________, _____________________.10.Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte are noted for their respective novel __________________and ____________________ which are largely the love stories ofa woman for a man.11.The author of Ivanhoe was _______________, Charles Dickens novel ___________________tells the story of an orphan child drawn into crime in the London underworld.12.The two oldest universities in Britain are _________________ and _____________________.13.American Indians had developed three brilliant civilizations before the Europeans arrived.They were______, _______, and _______./doc/d316531671.html, two of the taxes imposed on North American colonies by the British Parliament on theeve of the American Revolution: ___________________ and ___________________.15.After the War of Independence was won, the national government was called______, and theagreement that guided the government was________.16.A federal system is one in which power is shared between______ and______with some rightsreserved to each.17.Two major political parties in the USA are_______ and _______.18.The best-known stock exchange is________ located in________ area of New York City.19._______ and ___________ are the two major writers of the post-revolutionary period./doc/d316531671.html, two of Ernest Hemingway’s famous novels: ____________________________, and ___________________________________________.21.About 90% of the American students go to ___________ schools and 10% attend_______________ schools.22.In the Declaration of Independence (1776), Thomas Jefferson wrote the classic words whichwere widely acclaimed as the traditional values by all Americans, they are: “_____, _____, _________”.23.By the 1960s, the Foreign Service began to recruit its members through a highly competitivetest open to all, regardless of______, ______, and________.。