同济大学博士入学考题--高级管理学
2022年同济大学行政管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A(有答案)
2022年同济大学行政管理专业《管理学》科目期末试卷A（有答案）一、选择题1、组织行为学尤其关注的是（）。
A．组织中人们的心理状况B．人们的行为在工作中的表现C．人们在工作中的活动D．活动所创造的组织绩效2、以下哪一个不是激发组织创新力的因素？（）A．结构因素 B．人力资源因素C．技术因素 D．文化因素3、（）的结构设计使企业可以把精力集中在自己做得最好的业务上，而把其他业务活动外包给这方面做得最好的公司。
A．网络组织B．虚拟组织C．无边界组织D．项目型组织4、一个人对不遵从上级意图所可能产生的负面结果感到惧怕，这意味着该上司拥有（）。
A．强制权力B．奖赏权力C．感召权力D．合法权力5、罗宾斯（Stephen P.Robbins）概括了管理的四项职能，法约尔（Henri Fayol）则概括了管理的五项职能。
前者与后者相比，有三项职能是相同的，不同的一项是（）。
A．领导 B．协调 C．控制 D．组织6、当企业发现自己生产的产品存在安全隐患时，主动召回该产品是在实践（）。
A．社会响应 B．道德准则C．社会义务 D．社会责任7、管理者在制定决策时，面临这样一种条件：在这种条件下，决策者能够估计出每一种备择方案的可能性或者结果。
我们称这种决策制定条件为（）决策。
A．确定性 B．不确定性 C．风险性 D．概率性8、在工作设计上，通过增加计划和评估责任而使工作纵向拓展，增加工作的深度。
这种方法是（）。
A．工作扩大化 B．工作丰富化C．工作多元化 D．工作纵深化9、管理中与激励问题有关的公平理论是由（）提出的。
A．马斯洛B．麦格雷戈C．赫茨伯格D．亚当斯10、下列选项中哪个不属于“组织”（organization）所共同具有的三个特性？（）A．明确的目的或目标 B．精细的结构C．文化 D．人员二、名词解释11、创造力（Creativity）与创新（Innovation）12、程序化决策13、集中战略14、利益相关者15、人际关系角色16、组织结构17、无边界组织18、管理方格理论三、简答题19、霍桑实验对管理史为何如此重要？20、现在，有一些研究者声称简化工作任务的努力实际上给公司和员工带来了负面的结果。
2007年同济大学博士研究生入学考试试题
同济大学2007年博士研究生入学考试试题编号：101 考试科目：英语答题要求：答案一律写在答题纸上。
1． Vocabulary(10%)Directions：For each of the following sentences there are four choices. Choose the best one to complete the sentence. Mark your choices on the answer sheet.1．The man had a good disguise, but as soon as he spoke he ______himself．A．exposed B．revealed C．betrayed D．disclosed2. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to ______funds from armaments to health and education．A．derive B．deprive C. dispatch D．divert3．Democratic government is a phrase that is notoriously hard to ________.A．credit B．defy C．modify D．define4. I reject absolutely the _____that privatization is now inevitable in our industry．A. perception B．notion C．impression D．concept5. With the economy of the county going strong，the ______mood is one of optimism．A．presiding B，circulating C．floating D. prevailing6. The panel will consider whether or not Mr．Wilson has been ________serious professional misconduct.A．wary of B．guilty of C．confronted with D．reduced to7. It is a ____of our company to give refunds if goods are faulty.A．policy B．discipline C．decision D．determination8. He had always been _______ the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a complimentA．unaware of B．cautious about C．oblivious to D. subject to9．Since a circle has no beginning or end，the wedding ring is a symbol of _______love．A．constant B．infinite C．prolonged D．eternal10．Dick，who had failed the math test，was sitting．on a bench in the corner, ______over his disappointment．A．brooding B．mediating C．apologizing D．complaining11. Last week the seamen＇s strike led to the _______closure of the whole vast dock area．A．actual B．virtual C．factual D．local12．In the garden bees moved from _________flowers to purple ones．A．colorful B．prosperous C．scarlet D．brilliant13．Professor Smith has already retired but his teachings still _____a strong influence on his students.A．perform B．exhibit C．exert D. execute14．When they asked him about it，he said it was no ______ of theirs and wouldn＇t tell them anything.A．concern B．relation C. connection D．relevance15．The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking the their _______ in the jungle．afterdark．A．victim B．favorite C．prey D．sacrifice16．I have absolutely no ______of ever meeting him before．A．reminiscence B．reminder C．recall D．recollection17. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and ______ by its decisions.abideobserve C.D.precedeA.standB.18. Every weekend when I came back from school, Mother prepared meals ______ enough for a Sahara-bound camel and made me eat them up.A. adequateB. deliciousC. proficientD. substantial19. As the fat man sat down, the folding chair ______ under him, with a loud noise of tearing canvas.sustainedA.distorted D.yielded B.collapsed C.20. Modern artists often need financial support but they have difficulty in finding wealthy ______.millionaires D.patrons C.volunteersA.admirers B.II. Reading Comprehension (50%)Direction: For each of the following passages there are five questions or unfinished is followed by five statements. For each of them there are four choices, choose the best one to answer the question or complete the statement.Passage 1In managing information resources, the medium may be the key to an effective system. The medium is a vehicle, a tool, or a container for holding information; the information itself is the thing of value.There popular categories of information media are paper, film, and electronic system. The media choice must not be viewed as a choice among these three, however, it must be viewed as an opportunity to select from a multitude of media possibilities in combinations, that build effective systems. In many instances the person responsible for information-resource management is not the person who determines the medium in which information will be created. In such a case, the manager of a firm＇s information resources faces a challenge in making a significant contribution to the organization＇s objectives.For effective management of information resources, media conversion may be necessary. examples include keying or scanning paper documents to convert them to electronic media. Other processes convert electronic media from one format to another. For example, disk files created on one system may not be compatible with another system. Various hardware and software combinations can be used to convert files to formats that equipment will accept. For information generated within organizations, this necessity of making systems compatible may be eliminated by cooperative planning. However, very little control can be exercised over the media used to generate information that comes to your organization from the outside.The medium for information may be selected to satisfy. a need that excite when information is created and communicated. For example, a paper record may be created because of its portability and because no special equipment is necessary for later references to that information; electronic transmission may be selected because it is the fastest means of communicating information. A firm may use electronic mail because a network already exists for on-line computercommunication. The additional application may cost less than postage to mail paper memos.21. Which of the following can best sum up the passage?A. Media Selection in Managing Information Resources.B. The Importance and Necessity of Media ConversionC. Three Categories of Information Media.D. Various Means of Communicating Information22. The first paragraph aims telling the reader ______.A. the importance of information resources managementB. the relationship between the medium and informationC. the great variety of media for holding informationD. the numerous resources of information23. According to the author, ______.A. paper is the best storage deviceB. people have three choices in selecting information mediaC. it is better to let the person responsible for information-resource management determine the mediumD. the manager should build an effective system by selecting a good combination of different media24. For effective management of information resources, the manager should ______.A. convert all paper documents to electronic mediaB. make media conversion when necessaryC. control the media used to generate information both inside and outside his organizationD. use one format in processing information25. The main idea of the last paragraph is ______.A. paper record is the most convenient medium for later referenceB. electronic mail costs less than postage to mail paper memosC. different media for information may be selected for different purposesD. by using different media, a firm can create various in formation for its objectives Passage 2＂digital, digital, digital＂ continues to grow in volume worldwide. Digital ofchantThecameras, digital video camcorders, video CD players, DVD, cellular phones, and a host of computer peripherals are moving the trend along at a breathtaking rate. For the average person, it may seem like a remote and puzzling phenomenon meant only for the technologically adept.Virtually every aspect of our lives could be affected by the digital revolution. Here is a hypothetical scenario to show the possibilities: A real estate agent in Seattle uses a digital still camera to take some pictures of a house she＇s trying to sell., She transfers them to her computer, digitally retouches and enhances them, and posts them on her company＇s Internet Web site. In Singapore, a buyer sees the pictures and asks via electronic mail for more information. The agent replies via e-mail and attaches the text and a digital video clip to her message. Later the buyer flies to Seattle, inspects the property, and seals the deal.One of the biggest marketing surprises of the current age is the digital still camera. Once prohibitively expensive, these cameras have radically dropped in price while gaining in resolutionand other features. Although they often resemble traditional cameras, they don＇t use film. Instead, they store images on either a small removable memory card or on the memory chip inside the camera.The beauty of digital photography is that while you＇ll spend relatively more for a digital camera, you＇ll save a lot on film processing costs, because there aren＇t any. You can also discard digital pictures and keep shooting. Better yet, you can use software to enhance or alter the image. In quality, the images consumer-level digital cameras produce do not compare to ones you＇d get from a 35mm camera. For the most part, though, digital photos are meant to be viewed on a computer monitor, and so their resolution is more than acceptable. In a world where the speed at which you distribute information often means the difference between success and failure, and immediacy supersedes quality in importance, may people are finding a use for digital camera.26. From the first paragraph we know the average person thinks ____.A. the digital age is far awayB. digital is too complicated for himC. digital age is dreadfulD. both a and b27. In the second paragraph the writer used an example to show that _____.A. any real estate agent should use digital still cameraB. digital still camera should be used together with Internet WebC. digital age is gaining momentumD. house dealing can be made easier28. _____ could be the best summary of the last two paragraphs.A. Digital still camera and traditional cameraB. Pros and cons of digital still cameraC. Capturing the world digitallyD. The way to use digital still camera29. All the following are the advantages of digital still camera EXCEPT ______.A. no need of filmB. easy to carryC. the image can be changedD. high resolution30. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?A. New Digital Age of InteractivityB. Digital Still CameraC. One Application of ComputerD. Goodbye Analog, Hello DigitalPassage 3In the days immediately following hurricane Andrews deadly visit to South Florida, Allstate Insurance hastily dispatched more than 2,000 extra clang adjusters to the devastated area to assist the 200 stationed there. Many of the reserves rived in convoys of motor homes. Others flew in from as far away as Alaska and California. Since the storm had knocked out telephone lines, Allstate rushed to set up its own communications system. Allstate expects to pay out $1.2 billion to cover more than 121,000 damage claims as a result of Andrew.All told, U.S, property and casualty insurers have been hit with more than $8 billion in Andrew-related claims, making the hurricane the most costly single calamity to strike the industry since the San Francisco earthquake and fire in 1906 ( cost: $6 billion, after inflation). With claims continuing to pour in, Andrew threatens to take a painful toll on the already battered property-casualty insurance industry and its 100 million policy-holders. The final bill, analysts predict, is likely to top $10 billion. While most well-capitalized insurers are expected to weather the storm, less anchored firms are in danger of being blown away, leaving U.S. consumers stuck with the tab. Says Sean Mooney, senior researcher at the Insurance Information Institute: ＂It will take years before the industry digs itself out from the wreckage left by Andrew. Some (companies) will be buried by it?Hurricane Andrew is the latest in a string of mishaps to plague the American insurance industry this year. In April an over flowing Chicago River flooded the city＇s downtown district, costing insurers $300million in claims. A month later, Los Angles was rocked by the worst civilian riot in the U.S. since the Civil War. The insurance toll: $1 billion. Then came a series of major hailstorms in Texas. Florida and Kansas. They cost insurers a combined $700 million. And two weeks after Andrew, another lethal hurricane, Iniki, smashed into Hawaii, causing $ 1.4 billion in damages. In all, property and casualty insurers have paid out a record $13 billion in claims so far this year, far surpassing the previous high of $7.6 billion in 1989, the year of Hurricane Hugo and California＇s Bay Area earthquake. Just as in that year, when those catastrophes were followed by substantial increases in insurance premiums, insurers are already lobbying for rate relief.31. According to the passage. ＂Allstate Insurance＂most likely refers to ____.A. one of the property and casualty insurers in the U.S.B. the only insurance company responsible for the damage claims by AndrewC. the insurance industry as a wholeD. the biggest insurance company in the U.S.32. As is stated in the second paragraph, the result of hurricane Andrew is likely to _______.A. lead to inflation throughout the U.S.B. make the largest insurers suffer the mostC. put the industry in South Florida out of actionD. cause insurers with insufficient funds to go bankrupt33. Using context clues, we may infer that ＂stuck with the tab＂most probably means _____.＂caught in the hurricane＂A.＂exposed to natural disasters＂B.＂trapped in financial difficulties＂C.＂extremely vulnerable to further damages＂D.35. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.A. show the severe damages and heavy losses caused by Hurricane AndrewB. suggest that U.S. insurers are virtually unable to cover the damage claims any moreC. tell about the difficult situation faced by the insurers throughout the U.S.D. prove that disasters tend to cause ever worsening devastation as time goes on.Passage 4Steve Courtney wrote historical novels. Not, he was quick to explain, over colorful love stories of the kind that made so much money for so many women writer, but novels set, andcorrectly set, in historical periods. Whatever difference he saw in his own books, his readers didnot seem to notice it, and his readers were nearly all women. He had studied at university, but hehad not been a particularly good student, and he had never afterwards let any academic knowledgehe had gained interfere with his writing.Helen, his wife, who did not have a very high opinion of her husband's ability as a novelist,had been careful to say when she married him that she was not historically minded.Above all, Helen was doubtful whether her relationship with Steve would work at all in thevillage of Stretton, to which they had just moved. It was Steve who had wanted to move to thecountry, and she had been glad of the change, in principle, whatever doubts she was now havingabout Stretton as a choice. But she wondered whether Steve would not, before very long, wantto live in London again, and what she would do if he did. The Stretton house was not a weekendcottage. They had moved into it and given up the London flat altogether, partly at least, she suspected, because that she Steve's idea of what a successful author ought to do. However, she thought he was not going to feel like a successful author half as much in Stretton ashe had in London. On the other had, she supposed he might just start dashing up to London forthe day to see his agent or have lunch with his publisher, leaving her behind in Stretton, andshe thought on the whole she would like that.36. What was Steve＇s attitude towards women who wrote love stories?A. He would have liked to earn as much money as they did.B. He was afraid of being compared unfavorably with themC. He did not think he could write about the same subjectsD. He had a low opinion of the kind of books they wrote37. What did Helen have to be careful to hide?A. Her lack of interest in historyB. Her low opinion of her husband＇s writingC. Her dislike of her husband＇s writingD. Her inability to husband＇s admirers.38. What were Helen＇s feelings about the move from London to Stretton?A. She wanted to remain in the countryB. She had been unwilling to leave LondonC. She thought it was time to return to undon39. Helen thought Steve might not be content in Stretton because ______.A. he would not be able to write so well in the countryB. he would not feel so important in StrettonC. his relationship with Helen was changingD. he would not be lonely without all his London friends40. The passage as a whole suggests that Steve＇s novels were _____.A. popular but unimportantB. serious works of literatureC. admired for their historical truthD. written with women readers in mindPassage 5The sixties have been misunderstood. It was not a radical decade, as the term radical is commonly used in connection with those years. It was not a decade of the left ascendant. Rampant, perhaps but not ascendant. Rather, the decade was radical radicalizing, which, subsequent decades have shown, is different. Politically, the sixties invigorated the right more than the left. But of course politics is not everything. In fact, three decades down the road, the nation＇s political discourse may be driven by conservatives, but they, although by many measures triumphant, seem aggrieved because politics seems peripheral to, and largely impotent against, cultural forces and institutions permeated with what conservatives consider the sixties sensibilities.Treating a decade as a discrete entity obviously makes the assumption that history during that decade had an obliging tidiness, opening with a decisive and tone-setting episode and closing with a suitably climatic event. History rarely accommodates that assumption. Such a treatment of a decade also makes the equally dubious assumption that the decade in question had a clearly dominant tone or profile. So the 1920s was the decade of jazz., flappers, the birth of the sports celebrity (Babe Ruth, Red Grange, Jack Dempsey), the Lost Generation, Sacco and Vanzetti and ...Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover.Let us stipulate this, then: A decade, even one as intensely felt at the time and as hotly debated afterward as the sixties was and is, can come to seem, when recollected in tranquility, quite unlike the decade as it was felt at the time, and unlike the decade as it is portrayed by people with an emotional or political investment in portraying it a particular way.It is arguable that we should think of the sixties as beginning in November 1963 and ending in October 1973. That is, the years we connect with the tumultuousness associated with the phrase ＂the sixties＂ began with the assassination of a president and ended with the Yom Kippur War and the energy crisis. The assassination shattered (or at least many people say it did ) the nation＇s sunny postwar disposition; it supposedly ＂ended American innocence.＂ It is unclear how innocent was this nation that had been made possible by Puritans, had been founded by such innocents as Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and James Madison, had been born in the bloodshed of what actually was not only the American Revolution but also America＇s first civil war, had been preserved by the worst civil war the world had until then seen...you get the picture. The sixties as a decade of ＂lost innocence＂? Please. The 1973 oil embargo, which produced a sense of national vulnerability and pervasive limits, did seem to bring down a curtain on something. But on what?41. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. A radical period in American historyB. Different events in the sixtiesC. The true picture of the sixtiesD. Real radicals in the sixties42. Which of the following features describes the sixties according to the passage?RadicalA.AscendantB.WithdrawingC.RampantD.43. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. The sixties should not be judged separatelyB. It is impossible to make assumptions about any decadeC. People tend to misunderstand some events in historyD. History presents many confusing phenomena to people44. It can be inferred from the passage that people regard the sixties asdangerousA.peacefulB.chaoticC.unbearableD.45. It can be most safely concluded from the passage that the 1973 oil embargo _____.A.America＇s weaknessreflectedAmerica＇s great power in the worldB.showeddidn＇t affect America at allC.D.America＇s position in the worldchangedIII． Translation (20%)Direction: Translate the following passage in to Chinese. Write your translation on the answer sheet.It is not enough to know what is right and what is wrong. One must also be able to apply this knowledge to actual, concrete situations. For that, the virtue of prudence is essential.St Thomas Aquinas referred to prudence as the ＂rudder virtue＂ the one that ＂steers＂the others. Without it, we are like someone adrift in a boat, tossedin this direction or that by the wind, the waves, and the current. Unfortunately, the virtue of prudence has too often been confused with caution. Thus, the ＂prudent＂person is one who never ＂rocks the boat＂and is especially careful to aroid is the wisest and most moral course of action to take.The word that actually come closest to fulletining as a synonym for prudence is ＂discernment＂. The prudent person is one who can ＂size Up a situation and decide. What is the, what is the wisest and most moral course of action to take.prudencedoesn＇t answer the question, ＂What is the right thing in principle to Accordingly,do? Rather, ＂What is the right thing for me (or for us) to do in this situation?＂The prudent person fully examines a situation and seeks advice from others. (Reaching out to others for counsel before acting is one of the classic marks of a prudent person.) A judgment is made in the light of this examination and advice, and then a decision is made.IV. Writing (20%)Directions: Read the following sentences carefully and write a composition of 250-300words according to the requirement. Write your composition on the answer sheet.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, e-mail, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.Key to Paper AI. Vocabulary (10%)1-10: C D D B D B A C D A11-20: B C C A C D C D B BII. Reading comprehension (50%)21-30: A B D B C D C C B A31-40: A D C A C D B D B A41-45: C D A C AIII. Translation (20%)只知道什么是对，什么是错，这还不够，还必须能把这一知识运用于实际的具体情况．为此，审慎这一美德便是必不可少的。
同济考博试题
交通工程２０００年1.试结合中国城市的实际情况，建树城市交通问题的基本表现与成因（10）2.交通规划、交通设计与交通管理是改善城市交通的主要技术和方法，试简述其含义，并说明几者之间的关系？今年来交通管理规划的概念被引用，你认为何为交通管理规划？（10）3.V/C通过交通设施交通量与通行能力之比，D/C交通需求通行能力之比评价交通设施的服务水平问题（10）4.智能交通运输系统对交通工程学将产生怎样的影响（10）5.ｈ，ｈｓ，Ｖｓ三者之间的关系（10）交通工程学2001年1.排队论交通流模型的理论模型介绍（5）周商吾老师的教材（以下简称周）P752.四阶段法分为哪几个阶段，各自得功能是什么（15）周P109-1203.ＩＴＳ的意义（２０）陆Ｐ２８３4.家庭小汽车增多，如何看待２０，３－４任选一，陆Ｐ３０６、ｐ１７5.城市土地使用规划不变，没有多少基建项目，适应采用中立模型法还是增长系数法作出行分布预测？５周Ｐ１１２－１１８6.全有全无分配与概率分配各自得区别１５周Ｐ１２０－１２１7.你的硕士论文立题依据、技术路线、关键技术、评价指标等４０8.试述城市交通战略规划的任务。
陆Ｐ１６9.举例说明层次分析法，系统分析法、优化算法在交通工程中的作用10.政府在交通领域的作用。
2002秋交通工程1.交通模型中的分配模型，举出三个模型，说明其假设、稳定性分析、适用条件2.在外环和之间要修建高架道路，请提出其他可行方案，并比较3.请概述曾经完成课题的主要思想，谈你的看法4.任选交通方面社会热点问题，谈自己的看法5.写一份项目建议书6.市长说要解决住房问题，方法之一建设卫星城，请问从交通的交通如何考虑2002年秋交通控制1.对信息工程在交通中的应用的理解，谈一谈交通信息化2.交通控制系统主要包括几部分，关键技术及理论3.对道路进行系统控制，如何控制，关键技术及理论4.ITS的主要研究内容，关键技术5.硕士论文的主要思想，与交通信息工程及控制学科的相关性。
高级管理学6(同济大学)第六讲、冲突管理简介
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七、结论
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2、意识到冲突可能有益于组织只是问题的一部分， 更重要的是管理者要能够鉴别建设性冲突和破坏性 冲突的临界状态。
冲突太多或太少都是不恰当。 没有一定的冲突会使组织对变化反应迟钝、缺乏革新观念； 而冲突过多又可能造成混乱、无序、不合作和分裂。
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六、冲突的影响
1.冲突与绩效
高 組 織 績 效 低 A 低 衝突水平
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B
C 高
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情况
冲突水平
冲突类型
组织内活动性质
冷漠、停滞不前、 对改革没有反应、缺乏创 意
工作绩效
A
低
功能失调
低
B
适当
功能正常
生活化、能自我批评、 能革新
高
C
高
功能失调
破坏性、无秩序、不合作
低
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2.冲突太少?
冲突过少判断准则：
加拿大的休‧J‧阿诺得和美国的丹尼尔‧C‧菲尔德曼提出， 管理者不妨问自己已下十个问题：
同济大学管理学概论历年试题
98年一.简答（7 选6）1. 为什么说“决策过程”是计划工作的核心？（P102，P99）2. 试讨论群体参与决策过程的优缺点。
（P116）3. 为什么说建立标准是实施控制的基础？（P289）4. 管理的任务是什么？（P4）5. 销售智能中的品种政策与生产职能中的品种政策在内容上有何联系与不同？（老版）6. 为什么说“计划工作不能消除风险”？（P73）7. 谈谈你对企业采用IS09001族标准的看法.（P34）二. 研讨题（7 选6）1. 组织中的人际沟通是达成该组织目标的重要基础，请阐述产生组织中人际沟通障碍的原因，以及如何能有效地克服这些障碍。
（P277）2. 试用一个例子来阐述示意公式“工作成绩=能力X干劲”的含义，并讨论组织中领导者的激励作用。
（P241）3. 试比较发行股票、债券和进行资产抵押这三种企业可能选择的筹资方式的优缺点。
（老版）4. A.H.Maslow 的“需要层次理论”把人的需要按其重要性和发生的先后次序排成五个层次，请阐述您对这五个层次“重要”的认识。
（P252）5. P.F.Drucker 提出“目标管理”有助于在管理实践中纠正三种错误观点，即过分“强调各人技能第一” ，“强调集中”和“不同层次的见仁见智” 。
请阐述这三种错误观点将导致组织中的不良后果，并讨论“目标管理” 对纠正这三种错误观点的贡献。
（P46）6. K.Lewin 认为组织变革应包括三个步骤；解冻、转变、再冻结。
试阐述您对这三个步骤内容的理解。
（P56，P198）7. 古典组织理论强调以工作为中心，又称X理论。
试阐述这一理论对人的本性的假设和您对这些假设的看法。
（P24，P126）99 年1. 什么是管理的效率和有效性？如何看待这两者之间的关系？（P8）2. 什么是目标管理？如何理解目标管理的具体内容？（P46）3. 什么是计划工作？为什么说“计划工作不能消除风险”？（P71，P73）4•什么是权利委任？为什么说“权利委任并不意味着）P155, P154委权人放弃权利”？（．5. 什么是组织中的正式群体和非正式群体？这两类群体对于实现组织目标各有哪些影响？（P244）6. 什么是领导者和被领导者？在组织中，是否上级就是领导者，下级就是被领导者？为什么？（P217，P218）7. A.H.Maslow 的需要层系论把人的需要分为哪几大类？人的行为受哪类需要的影响最大？（P252，P255）8. 组织中的人际沟通有什么作用？其沟通过程由哪些因素连接而成的？（P273，P274）9. 请用示意公式“工作成绩=能力X干劲”来讨论组织中激励的作用。
经管学院-同济大学 博士入学考试试题 高级管理学 2007
同济大学 博士入学考试试题 高级管理学2007
一、在公司里员工往往缺乏开放的心态来接受领导的负面反馈，对来自领导的负
面的反馈也往往较为抵触与生气，领导与往往为了避免这样的冲突而在沟通的方法上事先精心准备，不过越是这样越是达不到沟通的效果。
试评价上下级的沟通，如何才能做到有效的上下级沟通？
二、什么是管理？管理的目的是什么？并对他们作出评述。
三、控制的定义是什么？控制的意义是什么？控制定义有哪三个要素？
四、对于企业的社会责任有两种不同的观点：（1）纯经济的观点认为企业就是
追求利润的最大化，除此以外没有任何其他的目的与任务（2）社会经济的观点认为企业除了追求利润以外还应该承担社会责任。
试讨论这两种观点。
五、目前国际上许多大企业纷纷降服务业务外包，中国是其中的一个大的市场，
国家也出台政策鼓励积极建立许多外包基地，试用Fayol 在管理的14 条原则中的分工原则分析外包的必要性，企业为什么要外包？。
管理学考博试题
南开大学管理学考博试题2010本试题仅供考博参考之用1.从《科学》杂志中摘选了一篇短文，关于“夜猫子”和“早起者”两类人群的清醒程度与头脑活动区域的关系。
问题：这篇论文的研究主题是什么，你会如何设计研究路线，采用何种研究方法？该篇论文采用了什么研究范式，它能否被管理学研究所采用？根据这篇论文，你觉得在读博期间该如何开展研究工作？你觉得你身上有何成为合格博士生的素质？（40分）2.2010年国家自然科学基金重点项目指南——中国企业领导行为研究（G0205），本研究要求以中国企业的CEO为研究对象（包括成功和失败企业的CEO），通过理论研究和实证研究、访谈、观察、实验等方法，研究中国制度环境和文化背景下企业领导的行为模式、领导方式、决策机制与模式和领导力对企业创新能力、战略决策以及企业成长与发展的影响，探索中国特色的领导理论，通过比较研究（可选择跨国公司或国际企业的CEO为比较对象）与理论创新，丰富组织和领导学理论，总结中国特色管理形成的制度背景和阶段性。
问题：如果你参与申请和研究工作，你觉得有哪些管理理论与该研究课题有关？（20分）3.有学者认为中国的管理学研究有如下阶段：从跟随型研究到模仿型研究，再到修正型研究，目前到初步创新型研究，请分别解释什么是跟随型研究，模仿型研究，还有修正型研究？（20分）4.材料分析题（20分）材料一：不同时代下企业寿命周期特点，有逐渐缩短的趋势材料二：两幅图反映6岁的小孩和60岁的老人血红细胞的数量和质量都不同。
从以上材料中找到一个可以研究的问题，并分析为什么这个问题值得研究？上海交通大学安泰管理学院管理学考博试题20062006年一、下面的说法是否赞同并提出自己的见解（这种题目要表示出自己的见解，赞同还是不赞同，然后阐述为什么，最后再一次简明表达结论性见解）1.企业家已成为当今中国最为稀缺的资料。
2.对于现在的企业而言，对员工进行的培训是至关重要的，员工的终身学习和培训教育是企业发展不可缺少的。
2000年同济大学《管理学概论》考研真题
9.非正式群体（P244）
10.利润（P304）
二. 什么是领导者和被领导者？为什么管理者与领导者是两个 不同的概念?（8 分 P219）
3.
三.获得长期资本有哪几种方式？它们各有什么优缺点现？
（8 分 老版）
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四. P.E.Drucker 认为目标管理有助于纠正在管理实践中的 三种错误观点，你知道是指哪三种 错误观点？有什么后果？目 标管理为什么能有助于纠正这三种观点？（15 分 P46）
同济大学 2000 招收攻读硕士学位研究生入 学考试《管理学概论》真题
（网友回忆版）
一. 概念题（5×10）
1. 领导影响力（P218）
Байду номын сангаас
2.
权利委任（P154）
3.群体压力（P245）
4.人际沟通（P273）
5.管理效率（P8）
6.计划工作（P71）
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7.管理（P4）
8.竞争型决策（P105）
五. X 理论对人的本性有哪些假设？你如何看待这些假设？ （10 分 P24，P126）
六.请用 K.Lewin 组织变革的三个步骤来解释目前盛行的管理 重组现象.（9 分 P56，P198）
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同济大学博士入学考试考题
高级管理学（共五题）
1．党的十六届四中全会提出了“加强党的执政能力建设”的重要思想，其中的重要内容之一是“加强党领导发展的能力，以适应市场经济建设。
”请你从管理学的内容分析“党领导发展”的含义。
2．对于组织结构，传统观点认为，先确定战略目标，然后根据战略设计组织结构。
但随着管理理论和实践的发展，有人认为“管理就是结构”，你对此如何评价。
3．2000年3月1日，某质量管理体系审核组到B公司审核质量管理文件的保存情况。
办公室主任S小姐负责接待，正在此时，车间主任E先生找S小姐借一份质量管理的文件。
S小姐到处找也没找到，急得浑身是汗，审核小组也为她着急。
文件放哪里去了呢？S小姐查找该文件的收文记录，上面记载着1999年×月×日，发文单位：上海市××局，收件人：S小姐（即她本人）。
但怎么不在了呢？噢，是D先生拿去了，S小姐记起来是副总经理D先生借走了，但没有登记。
就因此事，审核组对B公司的考核成绩记为“不及格”。
S小姐为此懊恼不已，因为她平时对文件的管理非常认真，不论接收、调阅、保存、销毁都做得很好。
于是S小姐认为审核组太严格了，是“只认一样，不及其余”。
请你对此案例作出评价。
4．有人认为，组织目标有内部目标和外部目标。
内部目标是提供社会上的顾客愿意而且有能力支付的商品和服务，外部目标是决定企业的竞争地位和提供投资者回报。
在这里，利润起着重要的作用，它既是目标，又是激励手段。
结合你的工作经历或研究成果谈谈你对此如何评判。
5．你认为什么是“管理者”，并谈谈管理者的任务有哪些？。