2013年考研英语阅读理解背景知识

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2013年考研英语真题答案及解析

2013年考研英语真题答案及解析

看,说“这个等级考虑了几种因素……”,是对上文评级的进一步解释,也没有问题。
15.[A] instead 代替,反而 [B] then 那么,然后 [C] ever 曾经,究竟
[D] rather 宁可,宁愿
【答案】B
【考点】上下文逻辑衔接
【解析】还是承接上文讲到的评级得分,后半句讲到的是(平时学校等级)考试得分,再结合中间 conjunction
有偏见。”首先注意到空前面有定冠词 the,指代上文信息,即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。而大局,大环境的
表达,此处选择 picture 是最贴切的。A 选项 issue 问题,B 选项 vision 想象力,美景都不合适,故答案选 C。
4.[A] Above all 首先 [B] On average 平均,通常 [C] In principle 大体上,原则上 [D] For example 例如
Simonsohn 指出,这种优势有可能是劣势。他认为不考虑外界因素容易受片面信息影响,无法做出客观判断,
并通过法官判案这个例子来支撑这一观点。第二段 Dr. Simonsohn 进一步通过大学招生程序,来验证自己的观
点。针对当前面试者不受其他面试者影响这一观点,提出怀疑。第三段具体介绍了面试过程的安排。第四段
[D] promote 促进
【答案】A
【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析
【解析】首先注意到 idea 前面有指示代词 this,很明显指代上文提出的观点。而且跟上文以法官为例一样,下
文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点的例证,目的是对上文的观点进行检验,而不是 A 选项“促
进”,B 选项“强调”或 C 选项“分享”,故答案选 D。
[C] chosen 精选的 [D] identified 经鉴定的

2013年英语二第四篇阅读解析

2013年英语二第四篇阅读解析

文章标题:2013年英语二第四篇阅读解析1、背景引言在2013年英语二考试中,第四篇阅读材料是考生阅读的重点之一。

这篇文章涉及的内容丰富,语言表达深刻,需要我们对其进行深度解析和广度探讨。

本文将结合文章的具体内容,对该篇阅读材料进行全面评估和解析,帮助考生更好地理解和应对这一考试内容。

2、整体概述该篇阅读材料主要围绕着“成长”这一主题展开,通过描述一个年轻人成长的过程,揭示了成长中的烦恼和挑战,以及如何应对这些挑战。

文中精彩的语言和深刻的思想,让人印象深刻。

3、深度解析3.1 语言表达在文章中,作者运用了丰富多彩的语言,如比喻、排比、修辞等手法,使得文章既生动有趣,又能深刻表达作者的思想和观点。

文章中提到“充满阳光的日子”、“犹如夜空中的繁星”等比喻,生动地展现了主人公成长的历程。

作者还通过“不断尝试、不断失败、不断努力”的排比,展现了成长过程中的坚韧不拔和不畏挫折的精神。

3.2 主题展开文章围绕“成长”这一主题展开,深入探讨了成长过程中的烦恼、挑战以及成功的秘诀。

通过描述主人公的成长历程,读者能够更加深刻地认识到成长是一段充满困难和挑战的过程,而成功的关键在于坚持和努力。

这一主题丰富多彩,具有较强的感召力和启发性,对考生来说具有重要的指导意义。

4、总结回顾文章通过描述主人公的成长过程,让我们对“成长”这一主题有了更加深刻的理解。

通过分析文章的语言表达和主题展开,我们可以感受到作者对成长的理解和思考。

成长是一段充满困难和挑战的旅程,但只要不断努力,最终一定能够获得成功。

5、个人观点对于我而言,成长是一个永恒的话题。

无论是在学习生活中,还是在工作社会中,都需要不断地成长和进步。

通过阅读这篇文章,我更加深刻地认识到了成长的重要性,也受到了很大的启发和鼓舞。

6、结语2013年英语二第四篇阅读材料是一篇内容丰富、主题深刻的文章,通过对其深度解析和广度探讨,我们可以更好地理解和掌握文章的内容。

希望考生在备战考试时,能够通过阅读和分析这篇文章,提升自己的阅读理解能力,取得优异的成绩。

2013考研英语真题讲解

2013考研英语真题讲解

2013考研英语真题讲解2013年的考研英语真题是许多考生备战考试时必备的资料。

在这篇文章中,我们将对2013年的考研英语真题进行全面的讲解,帮助考生更好地理解考试内容和题型,提高备考效果。

一、阅读理解部分2013年考研英语真题的阅读理解部分分为两篇文章,分别是文章A 和文章B。

文章A题型为判断正误,文章B题型为选择题。

下面我们来具体分析每篇文章的内容和解题技巧。

1. 文章A文章A是关于城市洪水预警系统的介绍。

根据文章内容可知,该系统可以帮助城市更好地应对突发的洪水灾害,并为居民提供准确的预警信息。

在解题过程中,我们需要细致地阅读文章,注意理解各个细节和信息,并根据所给的判断句对其进行判断。

例如,题目可能会出现以下形式:“According to the passage, the flood warning system can accurately predict the occurrence of floods.(根据文章,洪水预警系统可以准确预测洪水的发生。

)”。

我们需要在文章中找到相关信息,判断该句的真实性。

2. 文章B文章B是关于乘坐飞机旅行的经济影响的一篇报告。

文章提到了飞机旅行对经济的影响和贡献,并列举了一些数据和统计数字。

在解题过程中,我们需要仔细研读文章内容,理解各个段落的主旨,并根据题干选择正确答案。

例如,题目可能会出现以下形式:“Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a positive impact of air travel on a country's economy?(下面哪项不是飞机旅行对一个国家经济的积极影响之一?)”。

我们需要根据文章内容排除选项,选择正确答案。

二、完形填空部分2013年考研英语真题的完形填空部分是一篇关于石油能源的文章。

文章主要讲述了石油能源的重要性和目前面临的困境。

在解题过程中,我们需要仔细阅读短文,理解全文的逻辑关系,并根据上下文选择正确的单词或短语填入空格中。

考研英语2013年阅读

考研英语2013年阅读

考研英语2013年阅读在2013年的考研英语考试中,阅读理解部分的难度适中,题型涵盖了细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意和词义猜测等多种类型。

这些文章不仅考察了考生的词汇量和语法知识,还要求考生具备一定的逻辑思维和分析能力。

文章选材广泛,包括了科技、社会、文化和教育等多个领域,这要求考生在备考过程中广泛阅读,增加自己的知识储备。

例如,有一篇文章讨论了现代科技对人类生活方式的影响,文章中提到了智能手机和社交媒体的普及如何改变了人们的交流方式。

考生需要理解这些科技产品如何影响人们的日常生活,并能够从文章中提取关键信息,回答相关问题。

在推理判断题中,考生需要根据文章内容推断作者的意图、文章的隐含意义或某些细节。

这类题目要求考生不仅要理解文章的字面意思,还要能够把握文章的深层含义。

例如,有一道题目要求考生推断作者对于某个社会现象的看法,这就需要考生仔细分析文章中的论点和论据,从而得出合理的结论。

主旨大意题则要求考生把握整篇文章的中心思想。

这类题目通常要求考生从多个选项中选择一个最能概括文章主题的答案。

考生需要通读全文,理解文章的结构和逻辑关系,才能准确把握文章的主旨。

词义猜测题则是考察考生对词汇的理解和运用能力。

在这类题目中,考生需要根据上下文的语境来推测某个生词或短语的含义。

这不仅要求考生具备一定的词汇量,还要求考生能够灵活运用词汇,理解词汇在不同语境中的变化。

总的来说,2013年的考研英语阅读部分对考生的综合英语能力提出了较高的要求。

考生在备考时,除了要注重词汇和语法的学习,还应该加强阅读训练,提高自己的逻辑思维和分析能力。

通过广泛阅读不同类型的文章,考生可以增加知识面,提高对不同题材文章的理解和分析能力,从而在考试中取得更好的成绩。

2013年考研英语一text

2013年考研英语一text

文章主题:2013年考研英语一text解析1. 考研英语一text题目回顾2013年考研英语一text题目为"The Sickening Business of Health",文章主要讨论了医疗保健系统中存在的问题,探讨了商业化医疗对病人和医生所带来的负面影响。

2. 文章结构分析该text文章由三段组成,第一段主要引出了商业化医疗所带来的问题,第二段详细分析了商业化医疗对病人和医生的影响,第三段提出了作者对医疗保健系统的建议。

3. 语言特点分析该text文章运用了大量的修辞手法,如比喻、排比、反问等,这些修辞手法不仅增加了文章的表现力,也让文章更加生动有力。

4. 问题讨论作者在文章中主要讨论了商业化医疗对病人和医生的负面影响,如医院为了牟取利润而进行不必要的手术、药品价格虚高等问题,这些问题引起了社会的广泛关注。

5. 解决方案分析作者在最后一段提出了自己对医疗保健系统的建议,包括加强监管、减少药品价格等建议,这些解决方案,值得我们深入思考和讨论。

6. 文章意义和启示通过对该text文章的解析,我们不仅对商业化医疗的问题有了更深入的了解,也更加清晰地认识到了医疗保健系统中存在的问题和不足之处。

这对我们在未来的医疗改革中提出了许多有益的启示。

7. 个人感悟通过对该text文章的深入学习和分析,我更加意识到了商业化医疗对社会的负面影响,也对医疗保健系统的改革提出了更多的思考和建议。

希望在未来的医疗保健系统中,我们能够找到更好的解决方案,让医疗更加人性化、合理化。

8. 社会反响2013年的这篇text文章在社会上引起了强烈的反响。

人们对商业化医疗问题的关注度明显提高,各界开始就医疗改革展开讨论和建议。

一些医疗机构也受到了关注,开始认真审视医疗服务的质量和医疗成本的控制。

9. 医患关系该文中涉及的商业化医疗问题也引发了人们对医患关系的深入思考。

商业化医疗使得医生们可能面临着推荐不必要的治疗和药物,以达到提高医疗机构利润的目的。

2013考研英语阅读真题及参考答案解析

2013考研英语阅读真题及参考答案解析

2013考研英语阅读真题及参考答案解析2013年考研英语阅读参考答案及解析Part AText 121.【答案】B (insensitivity to fashion)【解析】事实细节题。

根据题干,首先定位到首段。

由文章第一句后半句scoldsher unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her。

意思是:批评她没有魅力的助理,因为助理认为高级时尚对她的生活影响不大。

可知criticize是对scolds的同义替换,B项中的insensitivity to fashion是imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her。

的同义替换。

所以B项为正确答案。

A项在文中并未提及,属于无中生有。

C项和D项是对文章第一句的曲解。

22.【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently)【解析】事实细节题。

根据题干,首先定位到第二段。

由倒数第二句these labels encouragestyle-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, , and to renew their wardrobeevery few weeks。

意思是这些商标(畅销商标)促使有时尚意识的消费者将服装看成是用完就可以丢弃的,,并且每周更新他们的衣橱。

D选项shop for their garments morefrequently的意思是更加频繁地购买服装,正好是renew their wardrobe every few weeks的同义替换。

A,B,C项均属于无中生有项。

23.【答案】A (accusation)【解析】词义题。

题干中需要猜测词义的单词出现在第二段的第一句thefeverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of fast fashion。

2013考研英语2阅读

2013考研英语2阅读

2013考研英语2阅读
(原创实用版)
目录
1.2013 考研英语 2 阅读概述
2.文章主题与结构
3.文章细节解析
4.文章主旨与启示
正文
一、2013 考研英语 2 阅读概述
2013 年考研英语 2 的阅读部分,主要考察了考生对英语文章的理解能力,包括对文章主题、细节和作者观点的把握。

这篇文章具有一定的难度,需要考生具备较高的英语阅读水平和理解能力。

二、文章主题与结构
文章的主题是关于公共图书馆在未来的发展趋势和所面临的挑战。

全文共分为四个部分,分别是:1) 公共图书馆的历史与现状;2) 公共图书馆所面临的挑战;3) 公共图书馆的改革与创新;4) 公共图书馆在未来的发展趋势。

三、文章细节解析
1.公共图书馆的历史与现状:文章开头简要介绍了公共图书馆的起源和发展历程,以及在现代社会中的重要性。

2.公共图书馆所面临的挑战:文章第二部分详细阐述了公共图书馆在当今社会所面临的诸多挑战,如资金不足、读者需求多样化、科技发展带来的影响等。

3.公共图书馆的改革与创新:文章第三部分探讨了公共图书馆如何应
对这些挑战,进行改革与创新,如引入新技术、提供多样化服务、与其他机构合作等。

4.公共图书馆在未来的发展趋势:文章最后一部分展望了公共图书馆在未来的发展趋势,如数字化、智能化、网络化等。

四、文章主旨与启示
通过分析这篇文章,我们可以看出公共图书馆在未来的发展将面临许多挑战,但同时也拥有巨大的发展潜力。

为了应对这些挑战,公共图书馆需要不断进行改革与创新,与时俱进,满足读者的需求。

2013年考研英语阅读

2013年考研英语阅读

2013年Text 11---①In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.②Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.2---①This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of“fast fashion”.②In the last decades or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.③Quckier turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent releases,and more profit.④Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal——meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.⑤By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.3---①The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited to designers.②For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage,overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.4---①Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.②Mass-produced clothing,like fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable,and wasteful,”Cline argues,Americans,she finds,buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to waste.5---①Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully.②But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example,can’t be knocked off.6---①Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer.②She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.③Vanity is a constant;people will onl y start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her______.[A]insensitivity to fashion. [B]obsession with high fashion.[C]poor bargaining skill. [D]lack of imagination.22.According to Cline,mass-market labels urge consumers to__________.[A]combat unnecessary waste.[B]shop for their garments more frequently.[C]resist the influence of advertisements.[D]shut out the feverish fashion world.23.The word“indictment”(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to__________.[A]tolerance. [B]indifference. [C]enthusiasm. [D]accusation.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.[D]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25.What is the subject of the text?[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B]Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.2013年Text 21---①An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted——the trouble is,no one knows which half.②In the internet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced.③By watching what people search for,click on and say online,compa nies can aim“behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.2---①In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?②Or should they have explicit permission?3---①In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission(FTC)proposed adding a“do not track”(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed.②Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT;Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year.③In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.4---①On May 31st Microsoft set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear with Windows 8,would have DNT as a default.5---①Advertisers are horrified.②Human nature being what it is,most people stick with default settings.③Few switch DNT on now,but if tracking is off it will stay off.④Bob Liodice,the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers,says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences.⑤People will not get fewer ads,he says.⑥“They’ll get less meaningful,less targeted ads.”6---①It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.②Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.③Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default,some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.7---①Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.②After all,it has an ad business too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.③If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on advertising,it has chosen an indirect method:There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm.④DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8——though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before.⑤Brendon Lynch,Microsoft's chief privacy officer,blogge d:“we believe consumers should have more control.”⑥Could it really be that simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioural”ads help advertisers to__________.[A]provide better online services[B]ease competition among themselves[C]avoid complaints from consumers[D]lower their operational costs27.“The industry”(Line 6,Para.3)refers to__________.[A]internet browser developers [B]digital information analysis[C]e-commerce conductors [D]online advertisers28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default__________.[A]may cut the number of junk ads [B]fails to affect the ad industry[C]will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature29.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A]Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[B]DNT may not serve its intended purpose[C]DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D]Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30.The author’s attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of__________.[A]indulgence[B]understanding [C]appreciation [D]skepticism2013年Text 31---①Up until a few decades ago,our visions of the future were largely——though by no means uniformly——glowingly positive.②Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity,leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.2---①Now utopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.②You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.3---①But such gloominess is misplaced.②The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years——so why shouldn’t we?③Take a broader look at ou r species’place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years.④Look up Homo sapiens in the“Red List”of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation o f Nature(IUCN),and you will read:“Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable,currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”4---①So what does our deep future hold?②A growing number of researchers and organizations are nowthinking seriously about that question.③For example,the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.5---①Perhaps willfully,it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.②The potential evolution of today’s technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.③That’s one reason why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.6---①But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.②As so often,the past holds the key to the future:we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.7---①This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.②To be sure,the future is not all rosy.③But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.31.Our vision of the future used to be inspired by__________.[A]our desire for lives of fulfillment[B]our faith in science and technology[C]our awareness of potential risks[D]our belief in equal opportunity32.The IUCN’s“Red List”suggest that human being are__________.[A]a sustained species [B]the world’s dominant power[C]a threaten to the environment [D]a misplaced race33.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A]The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[B]Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[C]Technology offers solutions to social problem.[D]Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to__________.[A]adopt an optimistic view of the world[B]draw on our experience from the past[C]explore our planet’s abundant resources[D]curb our ambition to reshape history35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [B]Science,Technology and Humanity[C]Evolution of the Human Species [D]Uncertainty about Our Future2013年Text 41---①On a five to three vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday---a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.②But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administrati on’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.2---①In Arizona v.United States,the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law.②The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to“establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.③Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.3---①Just ice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.②On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately“occupied the field”and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.4---①However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.②That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.5---①Two of the three objecting Justice---Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas---agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.②The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.6---①The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as“a shocking assertion of federal executive power”.②The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.③In effect,the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.7---①Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.②But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.③It never did so.④The adm inistration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.⑤Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkableclaim.36.Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they__________.[A]deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B]disturbed the power balance between different states.[C]overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D]contradicted both the federal and state policies.37.On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph 4?[A]Federal officers’duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B]States’independence from federal immigration law.[C]States’legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D]Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts_________.[A]violated the Constitution. [B]undermined the states’interests.[C]supported the federal statute. [D]stood in favor of the states.39.The White House claims that its power of enforcement__________[A]outweighs that held by the states. [B]is dependent on the states’support.[C]is established by federal statutes. [D]rarely goes against state laws.40.What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A]Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B]Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C]Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D]The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.。

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[背景知识]①The Devil Wears Prada《时尚女魔头》:2006年轰动全球的一部集“时尚、人性、幽默”于一体的美国现实主义电影。

影片中光鲜高雅到无懈可击、却也尖酸刻薄到人见人怕的时尚女王米兰达;懵懂善良聪明努力的个性女孩、刚走出校门的助理安迪,带给观众与众不同的心理感受。

Pr ada, Valentino,Hermes等顶级品牌的集中亮相则带给人们强烈的视觉冲击。

这部电影改编自同名畅销小说,故本文用到“电影版的《时尚女魔头》”。

②high fashion(高级时尚):其特征是强调专属感和个性化。

它借助独有的设计、精确的裁剪和精细的工艺定义什ô是奢侈;它把衣物当作艺术品一般雕琢,令其美得炫目;它以高昂的价格控制产量,保证其稀缺性。

③fashion shows(时装秀):四大时装周ÿ年一届,分为春夏(9、10月上旬)和秋冬(2、3月)两个部分。

尽管偏重风格不同(纽约——休闲运动;伦敦——先锋前卫;米兰——时髦;巴黎——高级定制),但ÿ个时装周的秀场都是各大牌设计师作品的首次亮相,是时尚的前沿,指导当季服饰佩饰的流行。

④bargain bin(打折区):又作bargain basement/clearance bin,最初指商家将所有过季产品或下线货品全部放入一个大箱子,以折扣价销售。

后泛指各种形式的打折品汇集区,现在往往被视为与“劣质、廉价、仿制”等相连。

[阅读技巧]①借经典电影片段开篇,无疑会带给读者具体的感受。

许多人会因对《时尚女魔头》“米兰达训斥安迪”片段中前者那低沉的语调与飞快的语速及其背后的挑剔与傲慢印象深刻,而依然清晰记得她对“时尚”的解读,故用其做引能邀读者共鸣。

②英文中介绍书籍、电影时常使用一般现在时态,以营造身临其境之感。

[注释补充]①否定词与比较级连用,表最高级之意,但起到高于直接运用最高级的强调效果。

再如:①What you say can’t be more true. = What you say i s extremely true.你的话真的是太对了。

②His words can’t be less convincing. = His words are least convincing. 他的话不具备哪怕是一点点说服力。

②fashion/ trend / style 三词在文中虽均指向“流行”,但侧重点略有不同:①fashion意为the business or study of making and selling cl othes, shoes etc in new and changing styles,侧重“时装业,时尚业”,如:fashion world, fashion business, fashion shows, fashion maga zine, fashion models;②style意为a particular design or fashion for something such as clothes, hair,侧重“具体的设计,款式”,如:modern style, traditional style;③trend 意为a general direction in which fashion is changing or developing,侧重“流行趋势”,如:recent trend, new trend, emerging trend。

[背景知识]①fast fashion(快时尚): 当代时尚零售商将T台上最时尚的设计以最快的速度制造并铺货到卖场的一种销售模式,其基本理念是:将“秀场服饰”快速变成“卖场服装”,它让主流消费群体在紧追流行的同时以十分低廉的价格购买流行服装。

Zara是这次服饰革命的先行者,它基本上成了快时尚的代名词。

在一些人看来,快时尚在某种程度上等同于一次性时尚,制造着畸形的消费文化,逆环保潮流而动,早该终结。

②three-year indictment of fast fashion:为完成《着装过度》一书,克莱恩进行了为期三年的调查研究,包括:跟踪整个服装生产线,到快速时尚零售店进行实地调查,跟踪网络用户对自己购物体验的吹嘘等。

③快时尚品牌鼓励消费的主要方式:①以各种手段唤起年轻人的爱美之心或虚荣心;②通过减少产品数量造成消费者心理上的“饥渴”,即所ν的“限量版的挑逗”;③宣扬只要佩戴一件奢侈品,哪怕全身上下都是便宜货也无妨,从而使得便宜不再是时尚禁忌。

[注释补充]无灵主语+拟人转义动词:英语中常用此搭配使静止的事物带有动态的人格,从而使得句子言约义丰,新颖别致。

本段②句采用这一“移人于物”使得句子生动传意:无生命的volumes (大量订单) 替代“因追逐利润而过度利用自然资源的商家”做主语;strain 意为to stretch to limit, to t ry to make sth do more than it is able to do“过度使用,使不堪承受”,此处为“拟人转义”。

再如:①Peace brings prosperity.和平带来繁荣。

②Laziness and negl igence lost him his job.懒惰和粗心使他丢掉了工作。

③Every day se es the company’s flourishing. 这家公司在日益繁荣。

[背景知识]①consumer activists(消费者活跃分子):他们往往认为消费大众对自己的消费习惯和生活方式不善思考,无视自己购物行为的社会影响和道德意义,因此试图通过探究产品来源的道德性,提升消费者的集体意识改变消费者文化,从而使产品和服务更安全,更优质,更环保。

他们甚至倡导回归原始朴素的生活方式,远离工业化,过起男耕女织的生活。

其“尊重自然,爱惜自然、保护自然”的观点唤醒了大众对自身生活方式的审视,但其“回归自然”的倡导则往往会被认作是对公众“选择自由”的限制,对社会进步的抵制、是无法实现的理想主义。

②The Omnivore’s Dilemma (《杂食者的困境》):作者迈克尔·普兰调查了人类社会获得食物的四种基本方式(目前的工业化农业系统,大型有机农业运作,本地自给自足的小农场及原始的狩猎采集),告知读者对食物的选择如何影响我们的身体和地球,并指出自然界的规律同人类工业社会之间存在根本ì盾。

作者甚至认为,“食物”一词只应用于指那些自然纯粹的、新鲜的食物,“加工食品”不能算作食物。

③give away (捐赠):在美国,ÿ逢换季都是衣服捐赠的高峰。

在捐赠点,不要的衣服满满当当地塞在捐赠者的后备箱里,里面不乏标签都û剪掉的裙子、夹克、牛仔裤……。

不能否认的是,在“某人正好需要自己用不着的衣物”的美好愿望里还掺杂着“我又可以买新衣填衣橱了”的窃喜。

[注释补充]argue(to state, giving clear reasons, that something is true):英文文章中常用于引出他人观点,带有观点持有者强烈的感情色彩:认为自己观点言之凿凿,确可信据。

因此,文章往往会在用其引出观点之前先用偏重介绍的文字作铺垫(如第二段),或在引出观点之后进行补充说明,提供支撑(如第四段)。

但是,该词的“铿锵有力”不能用于判断文章作者的态度,作者大都会在后文对该观点提出质疑(如本文,2010-Text3等)。

[注释补充]①be it...or...:一种表示让步的虚拟倒装结构,句中作用相当于whether引导的让步状语从句。

它既可λ于句首,也可λ于句末或穿插句中。

可用于此结构的不仅有it,其他人称代词或名词亦可。

又如:The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite sm oothly.ÿ天的生意,无论是售货还是运货,都在顺利进行。

②consumer/customer:细心的读者可发现,第二、第四段一直在用consumer一词,第六段却用customer称呼基本相同的群体。

有此用词变化的原因在于:consumer(a person who acquires goods and services for hi s or her own personal needs, used especially when you’re talking about people’s rights“消费者”)指购买并最终使用某产品/服务的人,侧重消费者“获得产品用于满足个人需求”以及“具有(知晓产品来源、影响等)权利”;它与producer(生产者)对应,是市场营销的对象。

customer(a general word, anyone who buys something from a parti cular shop“顾客”)则指商店等具体的服务对象,与shop/store等对应,展现的是“直接的购买行为”,它是一个非常笼统的词,指一切购买东西的人。

故第二段中用consumer一词来展现“大众品牌”对“消费者”的大力诱导;第四段中用其表明消费者积极分子“对产品来源的探究”以及“改变消费者意识、甚至使其回归自制、回归天然”的欲望;而本段转为customer一词意在展现克莱恩眼中应对快时尚的简单、直接的方式——人们全都放弃对快时尚店的光顾。

③green Conscious Collection line:H&M的绿色时装系列,尝试使用可回收利用的材质生产服装。

[背景知识]“behavioural” ads(“行为”广告):为了定λ广告,对消费者的在线活动进行追踪的做法。

试图将产品或服务覆盖至最恰当观众的广告商认为,根据观察到的用户在线行为和兴趣对用户投放广告的方式是成功的。

事实上,以这种方式定λ的广告,在转换率和知名度方面,其效果是一般定λ广告的三至五倍。

若是相关机构通过立法严格限制在线行为广告的使用,将可能大大降低这一广告形式对广告商的影响力。

[背景知识]①Do Not Track(DNT,禁止追踪)之背景:当用户使用任何浏览器访问网站时,会自动向该网站提供一些信息,如 Cookie、IP 地址及其他标准计算机信息。

如果网站中包含由第三方网站提供的内容(例如地图、广告,W eb 信号或脚本等),用户信息则可能会自动发送给内容提供商。

这虽便于用户访问第三方内容,但同时(必将)给用户隐私造成影响,因为这些内容提供商可能跟踪用户对多个网站的访问。

当浏览器中的DNT功能启用时,将向用户访问的网站及在这些网站上托管内容的第三方发送DNT请求,以此通知这些网站“你”不希望被跟踪。

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