东南大学研究生英语试卷(优.选)

东南大学2007研究生专业英语试卷

2007年硕士研究生专业英语考试卷Part 1 Translation (60 minutes) (60%)Section A: Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese (30 minutes) (30%)Managers advancing into the fog of the future tend to either cling to the fiction of prediction despite limited visibility or veer to the other extreme, relying on good luck and hustle and hoping for the best. Neither extreme is effective or necessary. Indeed, a careful examination of volatile markets over time reveals recurrent patterns. Understanding these patterns can help executives navigate a foggy future.It was only when the company began to look at customer information in a more holistic fashion - gathering, consolidating, and analyzing all of its customer interaction information in a single pool - that it was able to correct such inefficiencies. Now everyone who is delayed for, say, nine hours gets the same compensation, and when a gate agent hands a passenger a flight voucher, that transaction is reflected immediately in the customer information database. The passenger will be denied a second voucher even if he gets to a phone within a few seconds.An even bigger problem is getting past correlations in the data to be able to argue causality. If a researcher finds that highly successful companies tend to have formal knowledge management initiatives, for example, does that mean that explicit management of knowledge is a key to success? Or does it mean that knowledge management is the kind of organizational boondoggle that only a company flush with cash indulges in? Making the argument for causality in one direction or the other requires not only a sufficient data set but also a rational model for how the observed phenomena relate to known outcomes.Section B: Translate the following paragraphs into English (30 minutes) (30%)任何决策都无法回避风险。

2015年东南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题,考研经验

2015年东南大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题，考研经验基础英语。

14年基英三十个词汇选择，一个不会啊，阅读四篇感觉超级难，没看懂，作文倒是中规中矩，像专八作文。

14年挂在这科了，45。

没过线。

今年花很多时间背gre单词，事实证明，一定要背gre 啊。

15基英，词汇选择做起来比去年顺手许多，但是还是有许多蒙的，我背了一遍新东方的gre词汇书43个list，最后没有时间再背一遍，所以很多单词只是眼熟，16年考的学弟学妹一定要好好背gre,还有就是新东方的gre 绿皮书，不是单词书，是练习的，只有淘宝有卖。

15阅读三篇，不太难。

作文是关于工作满意度的，还算好写。

总之基英重点，gre 单词！！！翻译，14十个英译汉句子翻译，不难，一篇较长的英译汉文章翻译，科技文，生词特别多，一篇汉译英，科技方面，不难，篇幅也较短。

15，没有句子翻译，一大篇英译汉，关于美国民主的，不太难，但有些还真不好翻，对有些美国政治的东西了解太少⊙﹏⊙一大篇汉译英，关于资源环境保护，一般难度，但是开始还斟酌句子，后来来不及了，草草在收卷前写完交。

翻译最最推荐的是庄译传的英汉翻译简明教程，还有新东方武峰的视屏，他的视屏课真的很实用。

百科，十个名词解释，丝绸之路，行卷，回回，二十四节气，五伦十教，诗言志，xx集会（只记得后两个字），。

想不起来了。

有些还是很偏的，我都没见过。

关于名词解释，我觉得最适合东南的，就是历史常识通识读本，文化常识通识读本，因为东南名词解释，五分一个，不能和别的学校两分一个的一样对待，要知道的多一些。

早点准备，不能靠最后一个月狂背。

东南很少出实事，经济术语等，重点在文化和历史，个人见解。

应用文，去年是新闻报告还什么的，和新闻有关，今年是自然景观和人文景观的解说词。

考前看看各种格式就好了。

大作文，去年和翻译有关，今年是写书评。

平时看看博客天下啊，知乎日报啊，豆瓣读书啊，多点素材，考前没特意写过汉语作文，考试时写起来也还行。

东南大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案

东南大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案东南大学（原题）英语翻译基础共150分一、英译汉（80%）【才思教育注释】大约490词都不难没什么生单词Israelis and Palestinians blu-ray copy were closely watching next month's US midterm race amid a sense―rarely discussed openly but very much on people's minds―that the result could affect the US-led peace effort,App Makers Take Interest in Android, and US President Barack Obama's ability to coax concessions from Israel. Animating the discussion is the startling fact that the United States has failed,Your SF Giants:Knuckleheads who win,despite emphatic public appeals by Obama and weeks of increasingly frustrating diplomacy,to persuade Israel to extend the settlement-building slowdown that expired on September26.he Palestinians are now hoping that Obama has reacted mildly to Israel's rejection because of political considerations ahead of the November2vote―and might befreer to apply pressure after the elections."We think that if President Obama emerges strong from this election,then this will enable him to work more on foreign policy,"Palestinian Authority negotiator Nabil Sha'ath told The Associated Press."If he and his party lose in the elections,video converter,then this will limit his ability to pressure and actively engage in foreign policy.This is the problem."Although Israeli officials avoid discussing the topic publicly for fear of alienating its most important ally,there is a foreboding sense in Israel that punishment is on the way―especially if Obama emerges unscathed.Nahum Barnea,a respected and blu-ray copy widely-read columnist,put it this way in Friday's Yediot Ahronot:"The problem is the disgust and rage that the Israeli refusal sparked in the administration―a rage that is being suppressed at the moment, but which will erupt in full force on November3,after the elections to Congress. The Americans are seeking the logic behind the refusal...and are finding nothing." But if recent polls are proved accurate and Republicans take one or both houses of Congress,a chastened president might be too busy or weakened to pressure Jerusalem much,the thinking goes.If Congress tilts Republican it could have a"positive impact"on Israeli concerns, one adviser to Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu told The AP―an allusion to avoiding pressure for concessions.With the Democrats weakened,Israel's friends in Congress―both Democrat and Republican―"would be able to have a stronger voice if the administration should embark on a policy that is less favorable to Israel,"he added.US foreign policy is set by the White House,not Congress.But Congress can influence it in the course of the day-to-day political horse trading that goes on between the executive and legislative branches.For example,when Republicans controlled the House of Representatives during Netanyahu's first term in the late1990s,the prime minister was able to marshal the support of the party's conservative wing in a face-off with then US President Bill Clinton over stepped-up settlement constructionand Israeli troop pullbacks in the West Bank.Traditionally,both branches blu-ray copy have been bastions of support for Israel no matter which party is in charge.But conservative Republican legislators tend to be less critical of Israel's contentious settlement policy and more hawkish―and therefore supportive―on the security issues that are uppermost in Israel's mind.二、汉译英（70%）约660个字【才思教育注释】文章出自《喜欢《读者》的理由》我对《读者》的好感始于她的良好口碑。

2013年东南大学357英语翻译基础考研试题(回忆版)

您所下载的资料来源于考研资料下载中心
获取更多考研资料，请访问 2013年东南大学357英语翻译基础考研试题英语翻译基础考研试题（（回忆版回忆版））
本试题由网友gy109109提供
翻译基础英语：一共三部分。

第一部分选择题30题。

30分，基本都是考词汇，词汇不是那么难，但是还是背GRE 比较保险。

第二部分是阅读，题型就是GRE 题型，一共20道题目。

40分，第一篇记不清了第二篇是讲WOOLF 的文学风格，第三篇是讲核能源问题的。

第四篇是讲夏威夷的植物来源。

第一二篇比较长，三四篇篇幅较短。

以上试题来自网友的回忆，仅供参考，纠错请发邮件至
suggest@。

研究生英语考试试题及答案-参考

研究生英语考试试题及答案-参考研究生英语考试试题及答案-参考Part BDirections：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45，you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET （10 points）Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately，life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover， we are grieving various kinds of loss： a friendship， a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time， but you should remember that they won‘t last forever.When our time of mourning is over，we press forward，stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore， these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I‘ve learned along the way.41.______Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately， people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said，Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice. I docompletely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42.______If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past， try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past， but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past， but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43.______Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44.______No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is， you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life，especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor，help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives，try to participate in several online communities，full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45.______Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin， think your own thoughts， have your own values and make your own choices.41. → 42. → 43. → 44. →45.【参考答案】41.D 42.E 43.G 44.A 45.C【试题点评】新题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的`能力。

东南大学英语研究生二外法语2005年

lO.
B)rmu D)Ⅱuns'
se sont
⒈aoe et sopⅡ e,eⅡ es 亻
A,Parl.
C)Parl. es
longtemps pendautle(Ⅱhe二 B)parl囟 D,parIer
l "
fasses,n1i~le bien.
A)N' Lη" quoi que ne
C)Q0que
PaHh Ⅱ Comp" heⅡ sbm' cHte fgO%)
乙工曰●〓工●臼
te=t0臼
gu工 Vant曰
● tr自
pond●
〓 ●
au qu● r' DOn臼
臼t且 on曰 . pgur ●曰 8 △ J
chamQ quo臼
t土 on, on vm臼
pr口 p0臼 ● quat〓
〓cr土 Ψ●z
dmcⅡ es
quc l· amn6e
demi0re,car eⅡ e
:iit beaucoup de prog0s dans Ies emdes de湘
A)plus
s Ⅱ sd∞ 讧 B)bmcoup phs
m an.
C)moiⅡ
1o.
D)aussi
A,m
Qrest~ce que VO【 ls
pF旧
temps.
Je me s唧 s
ωutle
A)cel" q"
C)celui dont
B)celui que
D)cel"
20.In decisi. n est
'e ΩⅡ
a prendre
lo choo【

东南大学研究生英语雅思写作下学期大作业

On the Delay of Geographical Caching Methods in Two-Tiered Heterogeneous NetworksAbstractWe consider a hierarchical network that consists ofmobile users, a two-tiered cellular network (namely small cellsand macro cells) and central routers, each of which follows aPoisson point process (PPP). In this scenario, small cells withlimited-capacity backhaul are able to cache content under agiven set of randomized caching policies and storage constraints.Moreover, we consider three different content popularity models,namely fixedcontent popularity, distance-dependent and load-dependent,in order to model the spatio-temporal behavior ofusers’ content request patterns. We derive expressions for theaverage delay of users assuming perfect knowledge of contentpopularity distributions and randomized caching policies. Althoughthe trend of the average delay for all three contentpopularity models is essentially identical, our results show thatthe overall performanceofcached-enabled heterogeneous networkscan be substantially improved, especially under the loaddependentcontent popularity model.Besides,Because of the limitation of research conditions, the total network delay, network cost and optimization of network parameters are not analyzed.Keywords: edge caching, Poisson point process, stochasticgeometry, mobile wireless networks, 5GIntroductionIt is known that content caching in 5G heterogeneous wireless networks improves the system performance, and is of high importance in limited-backhaul scenarios. Most existing literature focuses on the characterization of key performance metrics neglecting the backhaul limitations and the spatio-temporal content popularity profiles. In this work, we analyze the gains of caching in heterogeneous network deployment, and consider the average delay as a performance metric.Firstly we use passion point process (PPP) method to build the model. This heterogeneous network consists of mobile terminals(users), cache-enabled small base stations (SBSs), macro basestations (MBSs)and central routers. In this network setting, a user may experience delays due to downlink transmissions, backhaul and caches.Moreover, in order to capture the spatio-temporal content access patterns of users, we suppose fixed content popularity, distance-dependent and load-dependent content popularities. Assuming that the content popularity distribution is perfectly known at the small base stations, we explore three different caching policies based on content-popularity and randomization. And finally, we draw our conclusion.MethodologyFirst, our Research objective is to get the average delay in a cache-enabled two-tiered cellular network modeled by stochastic geometry, the figure one is an illustration of the considered system model, the methodology part including the following parts.The first is the topology, the central routers, MBSs, SBSs, USERs are modeled by the independent PPP models, the second is the signal model, for the tractability for the problem, we assume that the typical user experience the rayleigh fading and the standard power law path loss, also we assume that the network is interference-limited, that is to say the interference power dominates over the noise power.Then it is the caching model, when a user has a content request, we assume that the request is drawn from a continuous zipf distribution, in the function, there is a content popularity parameter, based on this parameter, we have three caching models, Fixed means that the content popularity is identical for all users, all SBSs observe the same distribution, Distance-dependent means that each user has a distance-dependent steepness factor ,the factor is related to the average distance between the SBS and its users.Based on the caching models, here we consider three caching policies: StdPop means the SBSs cache the most popular content from the catalogue, the Unirand means the contents are cached uniformly at random, the MixPop policy means that part storage cache the most popular contents, the other part cache the content at random.The last part is the delay, our metric in this paper, the delay including the following three parts, When the BSs deliver the contents to their intended mobile users, it incurs the downlink delay, When the content requested are not cached in the BSs, the BSs have to get the content form the central routers through the backhaul, then it causes delay, when the content requested in the caches, the content need to be taken out from the caches, it causes delay.Reportingand Discussing ResultsIn this section, we numerically validate our approximations derived in the previous section. The impact of critical system parameters are discussed as follows.Fig. (a) Impact of MBS density. (b) Impact of small cell density.(c) Impact of target SIR. (d) Impact of storage size.Impact of MBS density λmc:The change of average delay with respect to the MBSdensity is given in Fig. a. Therein, as the number of MBSs increases, we observe an increment in average delay at millisecond level. This is mainly due to the backhaul as the delay in backhaul is proportional to the distance and average number of connected MBSs. On the other hand, the average delay in SBSs remains static in this setup. However, we note that the average delay experienced by a typical small cell user is reduced by adding caching capabilities at the base stations.Impact of small cell density λsc: The change of the average delay with respect to the small cell density is depicted in Fig. b. Similarly to the previous figure for MBS density, we see that the average delay increases for all kind of small cell users. However, in this numerical setup, the rateof increment in delay with no-caching capabilities at the SBSs is higher than the delay experienced by the typical users with cache- enabled SBSs. Compared to the fixed and load-dependent content popularities, the typical user under load-dependent content popularity experiences less delay when the number of SBSs increases.Impact of target SIRγ: In our setup, yet another importantdesign parameter is the target SIR. In this regard, the averagedelay variation with respect to the target SIR is illustrated inFig. 2c. As observed in the figure, the average delay increasesby imposing higher target SIR values. This change is onlyvisible in low values of target SIR, whereas the variationof delay in higher values of target SIR is negligible. Thismight stem from the fact that the downlink delay is not adominating factor in our scenario compared to the backhauldelay. A typical user connected to the small cell with nocaching capabilities experiences the highest delay, whereas theminimum delay is achieved by using MixPop policy underload-dependent content popularity. The delay of a typicalMU remains between a SU with no-caching and cachingcapabilities at the base stations.Impact of storage size S: Yet another crucial designparameter in our setup is the storage size. The impact ofstorage size on the average delay is shown in Fig. 2d. Indeed,as observed from the figure, dramatical decrease in delay isobserved by increasing the storage size of small base stations.Similarly to previous observations, the most sensitive contentpopularity for the average delay is the load-dependent contentpopularity.ConclusionIn this work, we have characterized the average delay ofmacro cellusersand small cell users under backhaul constraints and caching capabilities at the small base stations.We consider a multi-tier heterogeneous networkin the two-dimensional Euclidean plane and a typical mobile user, and each base stationperfectly observes the content popularities according to threedifferent models: fixed models, distance-dependent models and load-dependent models. After that, somecaching policies such as stdPop policies, unirand policies and mixpop policies have been considered. Finally the impact of critical systemparameters which include macro basestations density, small cell density, target of signal to interference ratio and storage size on the average delay are discussed. Although the trend of the average delay for all three contentpopularity models is essentially identical, our results show thatthe overall performance of cached-enabled heterogeneous networks can be substantially improved, especially under the loaddependent content popularity model.Themain conclusion from this work is that caching at the smallbase stations allows for balancing the average access delay tothe contents, especially if heterogeneous network densificationunder limited backhaul is considereReference[1] E. Ba¸stu˘g, M. Bennis, and M. Debbah, “Living on the Edge: Theroleof proactive caching in 5G wireless networks,” IEEE CommunicationsMagazine, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 82–89, August 2014. [2] Z. Chen, J. Lee, T. Q. Quek, and M. Kountouris, “Cooperativecachingand transmission design in cluster-centric small cell networks,”arXivpreprint arXiv:1601.00321, 2016.[3] M. Afshang, H. S. Dhillon, and P. H. J. Chong, “Modelingandperformance analysis of clustered device-to-device networks,”arXivpreprint arXiv:1508.02668, 2015.[4] B. Serbetci and J. Goseling, “On optimal geographical caching inheterogeneouscellular networks,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1601.07322, 2016.[5] S. Yan, M. Peng, and W. Wang, “User access mode selection in fogcomputingbased radio access networks,” arXiv preprint arXiv:1602.00766,2016.[6] B. Blaszczyszyn and A. Giovanidis, “Optimal geographic caching incellularnetworks,” in IEEE International Conference on Communications(ICC), June 2015, pp. 3358–3363.。