河海大学研究生英语unit 14 summary
河海大学研究生英语教程第五版U1~U20重点课文中英文对照
Unit 1Ghosts for Tea1 “Ten pence for a view over the bay”, said the old man with the telescope.“Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935. ”“十便士看一次海湾风光，”那个带着一架望远镜的老头说道。
“多么晴朗美丽的早晨。
请来看看那古老的灯塔和1935年失事的大轮船残骸吧。
”2 Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.要十便士简直是敲诈勒索，可是海湾的景色确实壮丽。
3 Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach, and a few yachts, with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea. Just below, a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist. 峭壁向远方伸展，海风激起的阵阵波浪泛着白花，冲上海滩。
河海大学研究生英语第五版教师教案考试重点Unit_14_To_err_is_human
Unit 14 To Err Is Human*Questions:1.What's the meaning of the title?2.What's the proper attitude toward a mistake we make?3.What's the right attitude toward computer?4.What's the theme of the article?*Structure*Language points1.to err is human ( to forgive divine )---- (saying ) it is human nature to sin and make mistakes (and therefore one should be as forgiving as possible)2.balance --- difference between two columns of an account, ie money received or owing and money spent or owedeg. I must check my bank balance. ( ie. find out how much money I have in my account .3.tamper --- meddle or interfere with sth, alter sth without authorityeg. Someone has been tampering with the lock.The records of the meeting had been tampered with.4.improve on/upon sth ---- achieve or produce sth of a better standard or quality than sth elseeg. The German girl improved on her previous best performance in the 100 meters.This achievement has never been improved on.5.beat sb (at sth)---- defeat sb, win against sb, do better than sb eg. He beats me at chess.6.choke with sth---- block or fill (a passage, space,etc)eg. The garden is choked with weeds.The drains are choked with dead leaves.7.rich in sth---producing or having a large supply of stheg. Oranges are rich in vitamin.The baroque style is rich in ornament.8.embed ---fix sth deeply and firmly (in a surrounding mass) eg. The arrow embedded itself in the wall.The idea became embedded in his mind.9.knack --- skill at performing some special task, abilityeg. Making an omelette is easy once you've got the knack (of it).There's a knack in locking this door which takes a while to master/I used to be able to skate quite well, but I've lost the knack.Knack of doing sth ( often annoying)---- habit of doing sthEg.My car has a knack of breaking down just when I need it most.10.g et along --- go forwardeg. The car could hardly get along on the icy surface.A hot drink will help to get you along on this cold night.11.g o by ---(of time) pass, elapseeg. As time goes by my memory seems to get worse.The weeks went slowly by.go by sth---(1) be guided or directed by stheg. I shall go entirely by what my solicitor says.(ie, I shall follow his advice).That's a good rule to go by.(2) form an opinion or judgement from stheg. It's not always wise to go by appearances.12.s crew up --- spoil , ruin stheg. When I'd finished the exam, I thought I'd screwed up, but I found out later that I'd passed.That last operation on the famous player's knee has screwed up his chances of staying in team.13.s tipulate ---- v. state sth clearly and firmly as a requirement eg. It was stipulated that the goods should be delivered within three days.14.c on --- v. swindle or persuade sb after gaining his trusteg. You can't con me---you're not really ill.I was conned into buying a useless car.She conned me out of $100.Con---n. instance of cheating sb, confidence trickEg. This so-called bargain is just a con.He's a real con merchant. ( ie, swindler)15.s tick fast --- be or become solidly fixed in one position and unable or unwilling to moveeg. His head was stuck fast in the railings.He stuck fast to his theory. (ie, maintained it firmly) The stone stuck fast in the cement.16.m al adroit ---- a. not clever or skilful, clumsy,bunglingeg. His handling of the negotiations was maladroit. adroit --- a. Skilful, cleverEg. He soon became adroit at steering the boat.17.m imic --- v. (pt, pp mimicked) copy the appearance or manner of sb/sth in a mocking oramusing wayeg. Tom mimicked his uncle's voice and gestures perfectly.18.t hink sth up ---- produce sth by thought, invent ordevise stheg. Can you think up a better excuse than that?How did you think up such a clever wayout of our difficulty?She thought up a funny game for the children to play.The prisoner tried to think up a plan for escape.19.a t random --- without method or conscious choice eg. The terrorists fired into the crowd at random.She opened a book at random.His clothes were scattered about the room at random.20.i n the clear --- no longer in danger or suspected of sth eg. She was very ill for a few days but doctors sayshe's now in the clear.。
研究生英语阅读中文翻译十四单元教学提纲
研究生英语阅读中文翻译十四单元十四单元40.音乐盛宴美国任何一个大城市都能提供符合各种品味的音乐选择。
爵士、舞曲、摇滚乐队、交响管弦乐、歌剧、房间音乐、蓝调、民族音乐、乡村音乐、蓝草音乐、音乐剧的各种表演已经成为全国各地音乐厅的日常表演的一部分。
正如美国绘画艺术的情况一样，丰富的音乐传统也是许多流行的制造者。
最显著的已经是在欧洲经典传统与具有生命力的地区及少数民族风格之间的交融和冲突。
事实上，美国大部分有天赋的创作人都活跃在流行形式的领域。
二十世纪之交的国内最好的创作人，Edward MacDowell写道：在美国形成“音乐创作者要能和天赋共鸣”的理念之前，需要“首先在公众方面和创作者方面都完全的从几乎无限制的服从于欧洲思想和那些强加在我们身上的先入之间中解放出来”。
美国最早的移民带来了他们的音乐—民族歌曲和舞蹈、圣歌、赞美诗及一些礼仪音乐—带着它们来到了他们的新祖国。
所有这些都统一于宗教音乐。
圣歌的旋律大部分是靠口头传承，且作为殖民音乐的基石。
历史给了费城的Francis Hopkinson（1737-1791）美国第一个土著创作者的荣誉，他是美国独立战争的领导者之一，也是乔治·华盛顿，第一位美国总统的密友。
尽管如此，音乐家还是把早期美国歌曲的变革力量归功于William Billings（1746-1800）。
一个自学成才的作曲家从来没有停止过对音乐规则的评判，Billings就说自己的音乐是“fuging（沉闷）”音乐。
这种音乐已经被认为是笨拙的和粗鲁的，但是充满了趣味，有感染力的节奏，并且容易让人学习。
41.美国之声Ella Fitzgerald （1918-1996）说：“我跟着我的感觉唱歌。
”按照这个随意的标准，这是个美好的生活。
她唱了很多在美国编写的最好的歌，她通过自己的感觉唱得非常好。
对很多人来说，确实她唱得很好。
Ira Gershwin曾经评论道“我从来不知道我们的歌有这么好听，直到我听了Ella 的歌。
河海大学研究生英语（下）阅读理解答案
河海大学研究生英语（下）阅读理解答案11、不包括16单元和17单元各两篇长文The blues originated in US slavery.GriefThe prisoners worker for wages.The prisoners’ songs differed from those sung art concerts. Middle-class blackPeople are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming our world outlook.An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born.The patterns and standards of behavior of community.is predominated by traditional customto stress the strong influence of customs on an individualwas not aware he had discovered AmericaA short period of fairly good weather.The importance of Weather for the Progress of Events in History.man’s chief enemyA powerful destroyers of human life and propertyboth benefits and disadvantages to man12Producing carbon dioxideto help carbon dioxide enter plantA plant needs more water than is found at any one time Only part of the carbon dioxide in the plant is synthesized. the role of water in a growing plantit helps understand the nation’s past and presentNear eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.it has a great effect on music-culture as more and more people are able to read ithas given rise to new forms of music cultureThe development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.few people could read for themselvesa change in the nature of readingthe effects of reading on intelligencereaders’ interests had diversifiedexplain how present-day reading habits developed13its ability to provide goods and services The Standard of Living.most importantlynatural resources are an important factor in the wealth or poverty of a countryBritain manufactures more than it needs for home consumption.the inclusion of cultural contentit views the world purely from the standpoint of the english-speaking countriesit is mainly designed to meet the needs of radio listenersthe various cultural backgrounds of its usersDifferent ways of treating social-culture elements in the three new english dictionaries.Rules for Working with Concretemixing concrete properly will make it very hard and strong use too much waterinventivenessnot dried out14level of intensity in anger reactions registered by normals versus abnormalsnormal persons react more intensely to anger-provoking situations than do abnormal individualstreat it as a normal reactionlack of feelinga suggestion from the author about what you should do about the generalizationHe disapproved of ladies preaching.drivers and feelingsin the long process of evolution the slow pace of life didn’t require such ability of human brainhuman beings have lost control of computersFuture intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.to inform the reader about the homing pigeons and their trainingthey begin a training programthe size of the brainair sacsbird16、stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering designthe assumption that the knowledge incorporated in technological developments must be derived from science ignores the many nonscientific decisions made by technologists.engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed to record the development of their own disciplinethe failures are characteristic of systems designed bu engineers relying too heavily on concepts in mathematic illustrate the idea that courses in design are the most effective means for reducing the cost of designing engineering systems18、ExplorerA cold climateTropical zonesAre naturally timidOnly symbolic of the unique cultureYou start reading one of the booksNobody takes any notice of youOnly when you have finished browsingA book that unexpectedly interests youThe need for book-sellers to be patient and kindTo prevent anyone from buying itHe had expecter the owner to be angry with him19、There aren’t many people who are even fairly good.A consequence of not grasping the problem correctly Undertaking systematic workThe teaching of pronunciation in the classroomBy not give students a cleat mental picture of the difference between soundsThey would not know what was beneficial and what was harmful to themEnjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingThe capacity to enjoy incentivesThey are the basis for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintainedHelp us adapt pur behavior to the world surrounding usJobs available must be distributed among more people.be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of workpatterns of work were fundamentally changedpeople were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselvesthe creation of jobs for all s an impossible20、Changing Iron into steelStronger,and more durableIt directed air at melted iron in a furnace,removing all impurities.BoatsA revolution in the industrial worldThe fact that people of different nationalities or ethical groups reside in different placesNot an ideal why to identify his or her disciplinary origins Appeals to non-urban dwellersTake advantage of others to achieve their own purposes 24、It can be useful in planning future research.The researchers did not adequately establish the relationships involved.Some students do not understand the meaning of the researchers’ questionsTheir original questions are too broadIt is more difficult than the student researcher may realize.To explain the history of Harvard collegeefforts of interested individuals to redefine the educational systemMoneyAdmission standards were lower.Students were limited in their choice of courses.The balance of environment and economic development is vital for the societythat we must reduce the environmental cost of economic developmentRemind people of the drawbacks of their overexploitation of the natureRecovery of nature after pollution costs more money than prevention of pollutionEnvironment Protection and Economic Developmentthe competition from private sectorshighlight the importance in the findings of the projectthey took the profit motive in the project for grantedthey face competition from the privately financed scientistsA Race on Human Genome Project。
河海大学研究生英语课文翻译11、12、13、14、16、17、18、19、20
Unit 11 The IksIks 小部落从前是游牧的猎人，聚居在乌干达北部的山谷中，现在这个部落变得很有名，整体上是灰心沮丧的，残忍冷酷的人类的终极命运的文学象征。
两件确实是灾难的事发生在他们身上：政府决定拥有一个国家公园，所以他们被法律迫使放弃山谷中的打猎生活，在贫瘠的山坡的土壤上变成农民，然后一个讨厌他们，研究他们两年的人类学家写了一本关于他们的书。
这本书的主题是：由于传统文化的废除，IKs变成一群彼此毫无关系，残酷无情，而又绝对令人讨厌的人，他们完全的自私和冷酷。
此外，这些特征正像我们内心的自己，当我们的社会结构完全错乱时，我们也将全部变成Iks。
这篇论文依据某种关于人类本质的设想，这种设想必然是推测而来的。
你不得不预先同意人类从本质上讲是坏的，完全为了他自己，展现出来的例如爱和同情这样的美德仅仅是后天学到的习惯。
如果你采纳这个观点，Iks人的故事便可以证实它。
这些人似乎是一直生活在一起，聚居在拥挤的小村庄，但是他们都是一群真正的独居的无关联的个体，彼此间没有明显的好处。
他们说话，但是只是做一些坏脾气的要求和冷漠的拒绝。
他们不分享。
他们从不唱歌。
他们的孩子一能走路就被打发出去寻找食物，只要有可能他们便抛弃那些老人，使他们饿死，那些寻找食物的孩子从无助的老人口中抢夺食物。
它是一个不友好的社会。
他们养育子女，但是不是出于爱，甚至也不是出于偶尔的关心。
他们在彼此的台阶上随地大小便。
他们观察他们的邻居，以等待不幸的降临，而且只有那时他们才大笑。
在书中，他们经常笑，因为有太多厄运。
好几次，他们甚至嘲笑人类学家，使人类学家发现这种嘲笑尤其令人反感（读者在字里行间发现，学者本身不是这世界上最幸运的人）。
更糟糕的是，他们把他带到家中，抢夺他的食物，在他的台阶上大小便，并且呵斥人类学家。
他们给他糟糕的两年。
它是一本令人沮丧的书。
如果，正像他建议的那样，在我们每个人的心中只有IK人的特性，我们唯一的维系人性的希望，将是不断地修补我们社会的结构，然而我们的社会结构变得如此之快，如此之完全，以至于我们不能及时找到修补社会的方法。
河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译（重...
A man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways: as a member of some familial, pr ofessional or religious group, or as a member of a crowd. Groups are capable of being as moral a nd intelligent as the individuals who form them; a crowd is chaotic, has no purpose of its own an d is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking. Assembled in a crowd, peo ple lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice. Their suggestibility is incre ased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own. They become ver y excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility, they are subject to sudden excesses of rage, enthusiasm and panic. In a word, a man in a crowd behaves as though he had s wallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant. He is a victim of what I have called' herd-pois oning'. Like alcohol, herd- poison is an active, extravagant drug. The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility, intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic, animal mindlessness. 一个人通过以下两种方式与社会直接接触：作为某个家庭、职业或宗教组织的成员，或者仅仅是隶属于某个群体。
河海大学研究生英语unit14 essay question
Most large-scale, objective measures of men's roles show little change over the past decade, but men do feel now and then that their position is in question, their security is somewhat fragile. 在过去的十年中，男性角色的最为大的、客观的衡量指标没有什么变化，但男性现在觉得自己的地位存在问题，他们的安全也有点脆弱。
I believe they are right, for they sense a set of forces that lie deeper and more powerful than the day-to-day negotiation and recognition of advantage among husbands and wives, fathers and children, or bosses and those who work for them. Men are troubled by this new situation.我相信他们是对的，比起在丈夫与妻子、父亲与孩子之间日常谈判优势和在老板和为他们工作的人之间的认可优势，男性感觉到一种更深更有力的谎言的力量。
这样的新形势正困扰着男性。
The conditions we live in are different from those of any prior civilization, and they give less support to men's claims of superiority than perhaps any other historical era. 我们生活的条件与以前任何文明都不同，他们给男性要求的特权的支持可能比其他历史时期的更少。
河海大学研究生英语教程第五版UU重点课文中英文对照
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Ｕniｔ1Leabharlann Ｇｈosts foｒTea
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5Ｈｉs vｏice seeｍed to grow dｅeperａndmｏreｄｒamatiｃ.他的声音似乎变得更低沉、更富有戏剧性了。
6“Ｆoｒa whｏleweｅｋthat ligｈthouseｈadbｅeｎiｓolaｔedby stoｒms”, heｂegan, “ｗiｔｈterｒｉfｙｉnｇseａsｓurging aｎd crasｈingovｅｒthｅrocks．Peopleon sｈｏrewere anxｉoｕs aｂout thｅtwo men worｋing theｒe. Theｙ'ｄbeｅn on tｈｅbest ofｔerms uｎtil tｗo oｒthreeweekｓｂefｏre，when they hａdｑuarreledoverｃardsin tｈevｉｌlａge inn.MａrtinhaｄaccusedＢlake oｆcheaｔing．Blake haｄｖｏwｅdtoａvengethｅinsulttoｈis hｏnｏr.But tｈanｋs toｔhewisｅadｖｉceｏｆa maｎtｈeyｂotｈreｓpected,ｔheyａpologizedｔｏeａcｈotheｒ，andsooｎseｅｍed to haｖｅｇot oｖｅr tｈeirｄiｓａｇreemenｔ.Bｕｔsoｍｅslightｒesentｍent aｎｄbitteｒnessｒemainｅd. And it wasｆｅaredthat thestrａin of continuedｉsoｌatioｎanｄrough weatｈｅrｍight aｆfｅcｔthｅirｎervｅs,tｈouｇh，needlｅssto say, thｅiｒfriｅnds haｄｎo idea hｏw seｒioｕs the coｎsequeｎcｅsｗouｌd be.”“整整一个礼拜,风暴困住了那座灯塔，”他开始说。“咆啸的大海波涛汹涌,海浪拍打着岩石,轰然作响。岸上的人们十分担心在那儿工作的两个人。他们俩是多年的挚友,但在两三个礼拜前，他们在乡村酒店里玩牌时吵了一架。马丁指责布莱克打牌时耍赖，布莱克则发誓要对侮辱他人格的不实之辞进行报复。多亏一位他们俩都尊敬的人好言相劝,他们才互相道了歉，并以乎很快地结束了他们之间的不快。不过各自心里还有些怨恨。因此,人们担心长时间与世隔绝所造成的极度紧张和恶劣的天气会使他们俩神经过敏,尽管不用说，但两人的朋友们根本没意识到后果会有多么严重。”