(全英文)六西格玛6个sigma黑带系列十二：评估过程能力(附有案例及源数据)Evaluate Process Capability
六西格玛管理(6sigma)过程能力分析须明确哪些要素
六西格玛管理（6sigma）过程能力分析须明确哪些要素过程能力和过程绩效分析是评价过程满足预期要求的能力及其表现的方法。
过程能力分析在六西格玛DMAIC项目中十分重要，它是评价过程基线及改进方向和目标的重要工具。
因此，过程能力分析是测量阶段的一项重要工作。
一、在着手过程能力分析时，必须明确如下要素:1、过程输出特性。
这是项目工作从界定阶段就已明确的。
2、对过程输出特性的要求。
在进行过程能力分析时，必须识别并明确顾客(内部的或外部的)对过程输出特性的要求，包括目标值和规格限或容限。
通常将规格上、下限记为USL和LSL。
对制造过程来说，识别目标值和规格限是比较容易的。
因为工程上对此一般都有明确的规定。
但对非制造类的过程来说，需要项目团队投入精力识别并明确这些要求。
3、抽样方案。
不同的抽样方案，反映了过程的不同情况和状态。
比如，在研究过程的短期能力时，抽取的样本应尽可能仅受到随机因素的影响。
4、过程是否稳定或具有可预测的分布。
过程能力分析的假设前提是输出服从正态分布。
因此，过程应是稳定或统计受控的。
对那些非正态分布的情况，应进行适当的坐标变换，将其转换为正态分布的情况。
二、确认上述要素的基础上，运用统计工具展开的六西格玛过程能力分析就是在确认上述要素的基础上，运用六西格玛统计工具展开的。
为此，我们定义下述概念:过程短期波动(inherent process variation)，也称样本内的波动，是仅由短期内随机因素影响而产生的过程波动。
这部分波动可以通过计算样本内部的极差R 或标准差S进一步求出平均的极差R或综合标准差(pooled standard deviation) S，利用R/d2或S/C4估计过程短期波动的标准差σwithin。
过程的总波动，是由随机因素和系统因素影响而产生的波动。
它可以由所有样本标准差S估计长期的总波动的标准差σoverall。
过程能力PC，是过程固有波动的六西格玛within范围。
(全英文版)六西格玛6个sigma黑带系列十：Validate the Measurement System(附有案例及源数据)
Part Four: Optional Classroom Materials – Variable MSA: Transactional Example – Attribute Gage R&R Rating Scales
Part Two: MSA and Variable Data – Conducting a Variable Gage R & R Study
• ANOVA Method • Minitab analysis
Part Three: MSA and Attribute Data – Conducting an Attribute Gage R & R Study
4
W2-5 Validate the Measurement System_Final.ppt
Validate the Measurement System (MSA)
Part One: About Measuring System Analysis – What is a Measurement System – Applications of Measurement System Studies – Components of Measurement System Error
3. Hypothesis Testing
4. Correlation and SLR
5. ANOVA
6. Basic DOE 7. Full Factorial Designs
LEADERSHIP
8. Verifying Xs
Project Presentations
Week Four Improve and Control Phases
六西格马——过程能力分析
（4）仅给出了规格下限和目标值， 望大特性值。
Cpm =
USL - T
∑∑(xij - T)2
( ) ∑ Toler * i j ni - 1
Cpm =
T - LSL
∑∑(xij - T)2
( ) ∑ Toler * i j ni - 1
东菱六西格玛推行委员会
长期能力和短期能力
所谓过程的短期能力是指过程仅受随机因素的影响时其输出特性波动的大 小，是过程的固有能力。而长期能力是指在较长的时间里表现出的过程输出波 动的大小，此时过程不仅受到随机因素的影响，而且受到其它特殊因素的影响。
σR = R/d2 , R = xmax - xmin
∑ σs = S/C4 ,S =
1 n-1
n i=1
(Xi
-
X)2
用极差估计的方法一般适用于样本量n≤10，标准差的方法则无此限制。
n
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
C4
0.7979 0.8862 0.9213 0.9400 0.9515 0.9594 0.9650 0.9693 0.9727 0.9754 0.9776 0.9794
总平方和=批内平方和+批间平方和
∑∑( ) ∑ ∑ ( ) k
Q=
ni
2
xij - x =
k
(ni - 1)si2 +
k
ni
xi - x 2
i=1 j=1
i =1
i =1
其中批内平方和表示批内产品品质量的波动或者说组内波动，而批间平方 和表示批与批之间质量波动的大小或者说组间波动。
Six sigma(中英对照)
Flextronics Corporate Presentation 2022/3/23
A statistical measurement.统计测量法
A business strategy.经营战略
A philosophy.基本原理
8
What is 6 ? 何为6 ?
Flextronics Corporate Presentation 2022/3/23
Activity Based
Management
A
B
CDE
Lean Enterprise
9. Acknowledge Team and Communicate Results
Project Report
TEAM RESULTS
GOAL
1.
2.
2. Form Team and Scope the Project
通过了解为什么及如何使用6，帮助我们保持持续增长的势头
3
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN 学什么
Flextronics Corporate Presentation 2022/3/23
Topic Outline主题要点
Duration为期
1. What is 6 ? (Background history) 何为6？（背景知识）
输入
过程
Outputs
输出
Every process can be characterized 每个过程都可描述其特征 Every process can be measured 每个过程都可测量 Every process can be controlled 每个过程都可控制 Every process can be predicted 每个过程都可预测 Every process can be optimized 每个过程都可优化 Every defect can be prevented 每个缺陷都可预防
专业英语_关于介绍六西格玛的一篇文章(中英对照)
THE“SIX SIGMA“六西格玛PHENOMENA”- OLD OR NEW 新老现象”- - - - - -PERCEPTION OF QUALITY ? 感知的质量呢?Overview 概述Even if using Total Quality Management (TQM) as the main quality program represents a prevalent fact in nowadays industry, many companies are extending this kind of initiatives to incorporate strategic and financialissues .Among these initiatives, one such methodology is known as SIX Sigma, which originated from the Motorola Corporation .即使运用全面质量管理(TQM)为主要质量计划代表了在当今行业普遍存在的事实,许多公司都在扩展的举措将这种战略和财务问题。
在这些行动,这样一个方法被称为6σ,源自于摩托罗拉公司。
The concept was created by Motorola Inc .in the 1980s and was initiated by the engineers'conclusion , which stated that new products , often failing to meet customer expectations , could be produced error-free from the very beginning .When it was presented , this represented a radical idea during the activities of manufacturing in the organization : measuring customer requirements and performance against these targets during production , rather than after a product's completion .这个概念是由摩托罗拉公司。
6 Sigma_定义衡量阶段_过程能力Process Capability
评估过程能力时，短期研究是为了看一下一个过程可以有多 好。
数据在一个较短时期内收集，此时过程只受偏差的随机原因影响。
长期研究是为了获知过程实际的长期性能。
数据收集的时间相当长，这段时间内的过程基线受所有主要原因 （包括随机与非随机）的影响（例如：数据是从不同组、批、班 次、季节等中收集来的。）
12
短期和长期过程的标准差 • 短期研究
由于这是一个短期研究，过程西格玛水平 = 2.84。
30
Cp，Cpk 与 Pp，Ppk
统计控制的过程 Cp Cpk
统计控制
之外的过程 Pp Ppk
通常，长期研究对象是统计控制之外的过程。
在这些情况下，应使用 Pp 和 Ppk。
过程稳定时（在统计控制中），过程能力的预测要可靠得多！
31
Pp 和 Ppk
z下限
X - LSL s ˆ 178.6 - 160.0 = = 5.17 3 .6 =
23
估计超出规定的百分比
从Z表中我们发现 Z = 0.94 对应于比例 = 0.1736 这可转化为17.36% 缺陷项 或 173,600 PPM
189.4
控制下限 = 160
167.8
178.6
Z 上限 = 0.94
天内支付。
• 每20天记录一次已支付发票数和逾期 （超过45天）支付数。 • 二项分布适用于这些数据。 • 过程能力怎么样？
(英文版)六西格玛6个sigma黑带系列一：六西格玛概述(附有测试题) Six Sigma Overview
And… be excited about learning more of what Six Sigma has to offer!
5
Module Contents
Part One:
Defining Six Sigma
Part Two:
Key Concepts
Part Three: Six Sigma Drives Business Results
1
Six Sigma Overview
2
Recognizing Improvement Opportunities
3
Defining Opportunities
4
Meet Minitab®
5
Basic Data Collection and
Analysis
2
1
Six Sigma Overview
2
Six Sigma is a ▪ Customer-focused ▪ Data-driven ▪ Highly disciplined process
That helps us develop and deliver near-perfect products and services.
Enjoy your journey of discovery. It begins now!
6sigma黑带培训教材(英文)
(Measure Phase)
Information, the way you want it
Scope of Module
• Process Variation • Process Capability
– Specification, Process and Control Limits – Process Potential vs Process Performance
• Short-Term vs Long-Term Process Capability • Process Capability for Non-Normal Data
– Cycle-Time (Exponential Distribution) – Reject Rate (Binomial Distribution) – Defect Rate (Poisson Distribution)
Inherent or Natural Variation
• Due to the cumulative effect of many small unavoidable causes • A process operating with only chance causes of variation present is
Cp
Engineering Tolerance Natural Tolerance
USL LSL 6
Process Potential
A Cp of 1.0 indicates that a process is judged to be “capable”, i.e. if the process is centered within its engineering tolerance, 0.27% of parts produced will be beyond specification limits.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Output
Headliner cut to shape
Metrics: ▪ YB = Downtime minutes per day
▪ YP = Cut dimension (mm)
Process Capability Analysis IS performed on the Process Y (cut
3. Hypothesis Testing
4. Correlation and SLR
5. ANOVA
6. Basic DOE 7. Full Factorial Designs
LEADERSHIP
8. Verifying Xs
Project Presentations
Week Four Improve and Control Phases
Evaluate Process Capability
Instructor File Week Two – Module Seven
1
W2-7 Process Behavior_Inst.ppt
Black Belt Training
Week One 5 Self-taught Modules
✓ 1. Six Sigma Overview ✓ 2. Recognizing Improvement Opportunities ✓ 3. Defining Opportunities in Sigma TRAC ✓ 4. Meet Minitab® ✓ 5. Data Collection and Analysis
▪ How capable is the process of consistently generating product that meets specifications (what the customers want and need)?
Process Capability Analysis should be conducted on the measure of the process’ intended function, the Process Y.
1. Introduction
2. Determine Counteractions
3. Polynomial and Multiple Regression
4. Fractional Factorial Designs
5. Robust Design (Static)
6. Control Phase 7. Error-proofing
MMeeaassuurree 2 Determine what to measure (Y) and validate the measurement system. 3 Quantify current performance and estimate improvement target.
▪ The current process performance (baseline performance) is quantified in terms of process capability:
Week Two Measure Phase
✓ Introduction
✓ Clarify the Process/Product & Customer CTs
✓ Characterize the Defect
✓ Determine Measure of Intended Function
✓ Validate the Measurement System
VSM
8. Summary
Project Presentations
Week Five: Review Projects through Improve Phase
2
W2-7 Process Behavior_Inst.ppt
Define 1 Identify what’s important to the customer. Define project scope.
Improve 6 Determine solutions (ways to counteract causes) including operating
levels and tolerances.
7 Install solutions and provide statistical evidence that the solutions work.
Measure 2 Determine what to measure (Y) and validate the measurement system. 3 Quantify current performance and estimate improvement target.
Analyze 4 Identify causes (Xs) of variation and defects. 5 Provide statistical evidence that causes are real.
✓ Evaluate Process Behavior
7. Evaluate Process Capability PROJECT
8. Identify Potential Xs
MANAGEMENT
Week Three Analyze Phase
1. Introduction
2. Estimation & CI
Control 8 Put controls in place to maintain improvement over time. 9 Provide statistical evidence that the improvement is sustained.
About This Module
4
W2-7 Process Behavior_Inst.ppt
Process Capability Analysis: Process Y
Process Capability Analysis IS NOT performed on the Business Y (downtime).
பைடு நூலகம்
EXAMPLE: “CUT HEADLINERS” PROJECT