(完整word版)一些专有名词 的翻译
(完整版)英语语法专业术语
英语语法专业术语语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech单词word实词notional word虚词structural word名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable no 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concrete noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite物主代词possessive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possessive形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition 含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern句子成分members of sentences 主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense 过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation转移否定shift of negation语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement 语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语British English美国英语American English用法usage感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic动名词gerund连字号hyphen祈使语气imperative mood祈使句imperative sentences独立成分indefinite case主句indicative mood物质名词material nouns句子的成分members of the sentence 情态动词modal verbs语气mood词法morphology否定疑问句negative interrogative sentence动词的非限定形式non-finite forms of the verb非限制性定语从句non-restrictive attributive clauses 括号brackets名词的分类classification of nouns从句（分句）clauses同源宾语cognate object集体名词collective nouns冒号colon逗号comma普通格common case普通名词common nouns比较级comparative degree复合宾语complex Object复合句complex sentences并列复合句compound complex sentences表性状的复合谓语compound nominal predicate复合谓语compound predicate并列句compound sentences表行为的复合谓语compound verbal predicate合成词compound words合成compounding ( composition )错综时间条件句conditional sentences of mixed time 连词conjunction连接副词conjunctive adverbs连接代词conjunctive pronouns转化conversion并列连词co-coordinating conjunctions可数名词countable nouns破折号dash陈述句declarative sentences定冠词definite article比较的级别degrees of comparison指示代词demonstrative pronouns派生（词缀法）derivation ( affixation )描绘性定语descriptive attributes呼语direct address直接宾语direct object直接引语direct speech反意问句disjunctive questions省略ellipsis省略句elliptical sentences感叹号exclamation mark感叹句exclamatory sentences动词的限定形式finite forms of the verb虚词form words分数词fractional numerals完全倒装full inversion将来进行时future continuous一般将来时future indefinite将来完成时future perfect将来完成进行时future perfect continuous独立结构absolute constructions物主代词的绝对形式absolute forms of possessive pronouns 抽象名词abstract nouns主动语态active voice方式状语从句adverbial clauses of manner地点状语从句adverbial clauses of place目的状语从句adverbial clauses of purpose时间状语从句adverbial clauses of time程度副词adverbs of degree频度副词adverbs of frequency方式副词adverbs of manner地点副词adverbs of place时间副词adverbs of time选择问句alternative questions句子分析analysis of sentences省略号apostrophe同谓语appositive同位语从句appositive clauses助动词auxiliary verbs插入语parenthesis部分倒装partial inversion分词短语participial phrases分词participle小品词particle词类parts of speech过去式past forms过去分词past participle句号period ( full stop )人称person人称代词personal pronouns成语动词phrasal verbs谓语predicate表语predicative表语从句predicative clauses前缀prefix(es)介词短语prepositional phrases现在式present forms现在分词present participle动词的主要形式principal forms of verbs专有名词proper nouns标点符号punctuation问号question mark引号quotation mark相互代词reciprocal pronouns不定代词indefinite Pronouns关系副词relative adverbs关系代词relative pronouns限制性定语从句restrictive attributive clauses 自身代词self pronouns分号semicolon真实条件句sentences of real condition虚拟条件句sentences of unreal condition时态的呼应sequence of tenses特殊问句special questions虚拟语气subjunctive mood后缀suffix(es)最高级superlative degree句法syntax句型的转换transformation of sentences双部句two-member sentences不可数名词uncountable nouns动词短语verbal phrases名词化的动词verbal noun构词法word building。
汉译英中的词语翻译
汉译英中的词语翻译“No brick, no construction; no word no composition.”“无砖不成房，无词不成章。
” （译文）“千里之行，始于足下；翻译万卷，始于一词。
”不管是汉英还是英汉翻译，都必须从大处着眼，小处着手，即表达时词汇的处理入手，由词到句，由句到段，由段到章，也就是遣词造句，谋篇布局。
词语的翻译涉及到许多方面的问题，其中最根本的一条是译词的选择，要探讨这个问题，首先让我们看一下英汉词汇在词义上的对应关系，根据英汉词汇在意义上的对应程度，大致可以归纳为：一、完全对应(主要是一些专有名词，术语，客观事物)天空sky; 眼睛eye；湖泊lake；婴儿baby；广播讲话radio address；尾灯tail light；综合国力overall national strength；民族尊严national dignity二、包含关系(汉语词语的意义包含在英语词语中或者英语的意义包含在汉语词语中)1）英语的意义包含在汉语词语中：穿（衣服）：wear/put on借：borrow; lend;主人：master/owner/host;地毯：carpet/rug;货：goods; merchandise（泛指货物；）products; cargo; freight; shipment;e.g.华侨=overseas Chinese?“华侨”（《辞海》）：“侨居国外的具有中国国籍的人，不包括出国旅行、访问的人员，政府派在他国协助建设的工人和技术人员，国家派驻外国的公务人员和在国外学习的留学生。
已经加入或取得外国国籍的中国血统的人是外国公民（亦称中国血统外籍人），不是华侨”。
“Chinese” (Webster) : a native of China or a descendant of the people of China. 2）汉语词语的意义包含在英语词语中例：英语中的audience 包括了汉语的：“听众”、“观众”、“读者”；英语的marry包含了汉语的：“娶，嫁”；英语的cousin包含了汉语的：“堂兄”、“堂弟”、“堂姐”、“堂妹”、“表兄”、“表弟”、“表姐”、“表妹”；英语中的thick / thin可以表示“厚薄”、“粗细”、“稠稀”、“浓密/稀疏”三、语义空缺由于社会文化的差异，汉语中有些词语的词义在英语中没有表达这种词义的词语，反之亦然。
专有名词汉译英
专有名词英文翻译保险业The insurance industry保证重点支出Ensure funding for priority areas被兼并或挤掉annexed or forced out of business补发拖欠的养老金Clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款Non—performing loan层层转包和违法分保Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting产值output value城乡信用社Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障A minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保险制度The system of medical insurance for urban workers抽样调查data from the sample survey出口信贷Export credit初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量Loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法The five-category assets classification for bank loans第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry第一产业primary industry独资企业wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise发电量electric energy production发挥市场的调节作用to give play to the regulatory role of the market发展过快excessive growth防范和化解金融风险Take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程Flood-prevention project非法外汇交易Illegal foreign exchange transaction非公有成分non-public sectors非贸易收汇Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels非银行金融机构Non-bank financial institutions费改税Transform administrative fees into taxes分配形式forms of distribution风险资金risk funds副业sideline production改革是社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展。
专有名词翻译
大学英语四六级翻译之专有名词翻译1.元宵节：Lantern Festival2.刺绣：embroidery3.重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4.清明节：Tomb sweeping day5.剪纸：Paper Cutting6.书法：Calligraphy7.对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8.象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9.人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国：Warring States12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13.铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14.函授部：The Correspondence Department15.集体舞：Group Dance16.黄土高原：Loess Plateau17.红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19.结婚证：Marriage Certificate20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture21.附属学校：Affiliated school22.古装片：Costume Drama23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25.一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26.火锅：Hot Pot27.四人帮：Gang of Four28.《诗经》：The Book of Songs29.素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30.《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31.大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)33.除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34.针灸：Acupuncture35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37.偏旁：radical38.孟子：Mencius39.亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40.大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41.火药：gunpowder42.农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45.京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46.秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47.太极拳：Tai Chi48.独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49.天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50.小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51.红双喜：Double Happiness52.政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53.春卷：Spring Roll(s)54.莲藕：Lotus Root55.追星族：Star Struck56.故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57.相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58.下岗：Lay off/Laid off59.北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60.高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61.烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62.敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63.电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64.香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65.文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66.长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67.门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68.《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69.中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70.文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone北海公园Beihai Park天安门广场Tian'anmen Square毛主席纪念堂Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall午门the Meridian Gate御花园Imperial Garden人民大会堂the Great Hall of the People民族文化宫the Cultural Palace for Nationalities北京工人体育馆Beijing Worker's Stadium•黄果树瀑布Huangguoshu Falls•龙门石窟Longmen Stone Cave•苏州园林Suzhou Gardens•庐山Lushan Mountain•天池Heaven Pool•大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda•石林Stone Forest•大运河Grand Canal•西湖West Lake•滇池Dianchi Lake•杜甫草堂Du Fu Cottage•都江堰Dujiang Dam•鼓浪屿Gulangyu Islet•观音阁Goddess of Mercy Pavilion•华清池Huaqing Hot Spring•昭君墓Zhaojun's Tomb•毛泽东故居Mao Zedong's former Residence •岳阳楼Yueyang Tower•武侯祠Temple of Marquis•漓江Lijiang River•寒山寺Hanshan Temple•黄鹤楼Yellow Crane Tower•天下第一关the First Pass Under Heaven•桂林山水Guilin Scenery with Hills and Waters•丝绸之路the Silk Road•河西走廊Hexi Corridor•三峡Three Gorges•佛教四大名山Four famous Buddhist Mountains •刺绣embroidery•剪纸paper cutting•书法calligraphy•对联(Spring Festival) couplets•象形文字Pictograms/Pictographic Characters •四合院Siheyuan/Quadrangle•风水Fengshui/Geomantic Omen•亭/阁Pavilion/ Attic•儒家文化Confucian Culture•一国两制One Country, Two Systems•火锅Hot Pot•针灸Acupuncture•偏旁radical•火药gunpowder•农历Lunar Calendar•印/玺Seal/Stamp•京剧Beijing Opera/Peking Opera•秦腔Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera•太极拳Tai Chi•相声Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue•文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）"The Four Treasure of the Study""Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone•集体舞Group Dance•古装片Costume Drama•武打片Chinese Swordplay Movie•电视小品TV Sketch•铁饭碗Iron Bowl•红白喜事Weddings and Funerals•素质教育Essential-qualities-oriented Education•唐三彩Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty•门当户对Perfect Match/Exact Match•小吃摊Snack Bar/Snack Stand•中国特色的社会主义Socialist with Chinese characteristics•物质精神文明建设The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization•长江中下游地区The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze Rive •《诗经》The Book of Songs•《史记》Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian•《西游记》The Journey to the West•《水浒传》The Outlaws of the Marsh•《红楼梦》The Dream of Red Mansion•《三国演义》Romance of The Three Kingdoms。
综一单词表完整版
. Lesson One The Time MessageWord List （单词表）message n. 要旨，要点tricky adj. (工作、问题等)微妙的，棘手的；（人）狡猾的beginning n. 开始；起初semester n. （尤指美国大专院校的）学期cover v. 处理duty n. 任务management n. 管理number one adj. 最重要的；头号的seriously adv. 真心地，当真地；认真地，严肃地once conj. 一旦……（就……）weekly adj. 每周一次的follow v. 遵照；沿用following adj. 紧接着的realistic adj. 现实可行的essay n. 作文；短文quiz n. 考查；测验upset v. 打乱（计划等）；打翻ability n. 能力；才智grade n. （考试或作业的）分数achieve v. 获得flexible adj. 灵活的re-plan v. 重新计划basis n. 基础；根据project n. 课题；科研项目mid-term adj. 期中的solid adj. 扎实的schedule n. 计划表alive adj. 起作用的；现存的；活着的assignment n. （指定的）作业activity n. 活动social adj. 社交的；交谊的seem v. 似乎；好像back adj. 以前的；过去的Proper NamesElwood N. Chapman 埃尔伍德·N·查普曼（人名）Useful Expressions(常用短语)Look ahead 看前面；考虑未来at the beginning of 在……的开始plenty of 大量的have time on one’s hands 有许多时间towards the end of…即将结束时work for 为……效力work against 对……不利get the most out of sth. 充分利用……的机会put…into practice 付诸实践allow for 考虑到at least 至少in…case 在……情况下on a weekly /daily basis 每周/每天work out 制定出seem to be 看来，好像keep sth./sb. + adj. 使……保持某种状况run out (of ) (被)用完，将尽Time is running out.I have run out of money. take…some time to do…花……时间做……It will take us an hour to get there. depend on 取决于，随……而定It depends on how many people are goingso that 以便（用来引出目的状语从句）Tell me your telephone number so that I can call you when I have time.catch up on 赶上，补上I have to catch up on my sleep. I didn’t sleep much last night.Lesson Two Hans Christian Andersen’s Own Fairy Tale (1)Word List（单词表）fairy tale n. 童话，神话.fairy n. 小仙子，小精灵shoemaker n. 鞋匠shoemaking n. 制鞋，补鞋prince n.王子princess n. 公主poetry n.诗（总称）act v.表演royal adj.王室的，皇家的sensible adj.（建议、主意等）合情合理的，明智的；（人）明智的，明白事理的stepfather n.继父weaving n. 编织weaver n.织布工unhappiness n.不幸福，不愉快tragedy n.悲剧，悲惨的事dancer n.舞蹈演员genius n.天才；创造力warm v.（使……）变暖，暖和for conj. 因为，由于frost n.霜woman-like adj.女人似的figure n.身影，人影writer n.作家，作者helping adj.帮助的finally adv.最后，最终beautiful美妙动听的high高音调的，尖声的break（男孩的嗓音）青春期时变低沉Proper Names（专有名词）Donald Peattie唐纳德·皮蒂Louise Peattie 路易丝·皮蒂Hans Christian Anderson汉斯·克里斯琴·安徒生Denmark丹麦Odense欧登塞（地名）Copenhagen哥本哈根（地名）Useful Expressions(常用短语)Once upon a time很久以前ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙look at看着believe in 相信，信任work hard at在……上下功夫pay for sth.支付……的费用be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事change/turn …into…把……改变成……arrive in /at到达for ever永远from time to time不时的，常常lend a helping hand to sb.帮某人一把pretend to do sth.假装做某事not…at all根本不，一点儿也不He doesn’t know the meaning at all . start out出发，动身They started out to look for the lost boy.We started out at 7 o’clockadd sth. to sth.加上Please add your name to the list.out of sight从视线中消失（变得看不见）The ship was soon out of sightOut of sight, out of mind.（谚语：不见就忘。
第十三讲：专有名词的翻译范文
第十三讲：专有名词的翻译专有名词（proper name）主要具备指称意义和信息功能，但有些专有名词仍然具有语用意义、美感功能或祈使功能，专有名词的翻译与历史、国情、语言和民族习惯等都有关系。
－、姓名的翻译汉语姓名的排列顺序不同于英语，不是名字在前，教名居中，姓在后，而是姓在前，名字在后。
汉语的人名充分体现了汉语是表意文字的特点。
它能反映性别、出生时间、地点、取名人的心愿、取名人的文化素养和时代特征等。
如：芳、兰、玉、香、芬、丽、茜、瑜、瑾、薇、英等多为女子名；刚、强、凯、坚、忠、伟等多为男子名；鄂生（籍贯可能是湖北）、湘生（出生地可能是湖南）、张京（出生地可能在北京）、秋宝（可能生于秋天）、冬生（可能生于冬季）。
松鹤与遐龄在汉语中均意为“长寿”，取名人在取名时祝愿孩子健康长寿；“祜”意为“福”，取名人希望孩子在成长过程中福星高照，“祜”为书面语，在现代汉语中用得不多，选用此名反映了取名人的文化素养较高。
著名学者钱钟书的名字来由更有趣。
当时中国有“抓周”这一风俗，即孩子一周岁时在他（她）面前放各种物件，孩子抓到的物件便代表他（她）的秉性或将要从事的职业。
周岁的钱先生抓到的是书，身为学者的父亲断定这孩子会钟爱书本，于是为他取名“钟书”。
有的兄弟姊妹除了同姓，还在双名中同一字，如曾宪玉，曾宪梅、曾宪明等。
有的父母愿意反传统，让孩子随母亲的姓；有的父母则让孩子同时姓父母的姓，以示男女平等。
还有的人名带有强烈的时代标志，如：四新（扫四旧，立四新，“文化大革命”的口号之一），文革（“文化大革命”的简称），红卫（“文化大革命”中的红卫兵）。
由于语言的语用意义因人而异，人们选择同一名字时用意不一定相同。
用社会符号学研究汉民族的人名有助于了解汉民族的历史文化，但翻译人名时一般只译出指称意义，不译语用意义。
现在通用的方法是根据《汉语拼音方案》音译（transliteration）。
《汉语拼音方案》于1958年通过郑重的法律程序在全国推行。
专有名词翻译对照
专有名词翻译对照第一篇：专有名词翻译对照浅谈最优化理论在实际生活中的应用Application of The Optimization Theory in Actual Life 最优化理论The optimization theory第二篇：专有名词翻译（精选）翻译研究词语1.表情功能expressive function 2.词类转换conversion of word classes 3.词义空缺semantic zero 4.词义相符semantic correspondence 5.词义相异semantic non-correspondence 6词语层面 word level 7达 expressiveness 8段落层面paragraph level 9对应correspondence 10 翻译，笔译translation 11翻译标准translation criteria 12翻译策略translation strategy 13翻译腔translationese 14翻译学translation studies/translatology 15翻译原则principles of translation 16分析性analytic 17符际翻译intersemiotic translation 18惯用法意识sense of good usage 19归化domestication 20含义implicature/impliedmeaning 21呼唤功能vocative function 22化境sublimation 23话语discourse 24回指anaphoric 25加注法annotation 26减省法omission 27句法syntax 28句子层面sentence level 29科技文本text of science and technology 30可读性readability 31可译性translatability 32口译interpretation/interpreting 33口译译员interpreter 34跨文化交际cross-culturalcommunication 35连贯coherence 36连贯意识sense of coherence 37逻辑思维logical thinking 38美感功能aesthetic function 39目的性intentionality 40内指endophoric 41篇章层面discourse level 42情景语境context of situation 43认知功能cognitive function 44上下文co-text 45社会学符号sociosemiotics 46神似similarity in spirit47省略ellipsis 48释义法paraphrase 49述位 rheme 50 体裁 genre 51外指 exophoric 52文本/语篇 text 53文本类型text type 54 文化语境context of culture 55文化意识sense of culture 56文体/风格style 57衔接cohesion 58衔接结cohesive tie 59显性overtness 60校核proofreading 61信faithfulness/fidelity 62信息功能informative function 63形合hypotaxis 64形似similarity in form 65形象思维figurative thinking 66修辞层面rhetorical level 67雅elegance 68异化foreignization /alienation 69译文target text 70译文读者target-text readers 71译者translator 72意合parataxis 73意境ideorealm 74意译liberal translation 75音译transliteration 76隐性covertness 77语法意识sense of grammar 78语际翻译interlingual translation 79语境context 80语内翻译intralingual translation 81语文学philology 82语言学linguistics 83语义学semantics 84语音层面phonetic level 85语用学pragmatics 86语域register 87翻译语言的功能metalingual function 88原文source text/original text 89原文读者source-text readers 90蕴含意义connotation 91増词amplification/addition 92照应anaphora 93直译literal translation 94指称意义denotation 95主体性subjectivity 96主位theme 97转换transformation/transfer 98综合性synthetic 99作者writer/author中国文化特色词语英译1.拜年pay a New Year call 2.财运luck in making money 3.禅宗Chan Sect/Zen Sect 4.出家人ascetic 5.祠堂memorial temple 6.倒春寒an unusually cold spell in an otherwise warm early spring 7.道教Taoism 8.道士Taoist priest 9.法师Master 10.方丈Buddhist abbot 11.佛教Buddhism 12.恭喜发财May you be prosperous!/Wish you all the best!13.和尚Buddhist monk 14.红包red envelope containing money as a gift;(贬义用法)bribe/kickback 15.红运good luck 16.华表ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele 17.华盖canopy 18.回教Islam 19.慧根the organ of wisdom 20.基督教Christianity 21.甲骨文inscriptions onoracle bones 22.江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 23.戒 precept/discipline 24.金刚经Diamond Sutra 25.京剧票友Peking Opera fan 26.京剧人物脸谱types of facial make-up in Peking Opera 27.景泰蓝cloisonné 28.旧教/天主教Catholicism 29.坎儿井karez 30.空emptiness 31.喇嘛Lama 32.老字号an old and famous shop/enterprise 33.尼姑Buddhist nun 34.涅槃Nirvana 35.旗袍cheongsam 36.三藏经Triptaka 37.三教（儒、释、道）Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 38.时运luck/fortune 39.四大皆空 all space directions being valid 40.新教,耶稣教Protestantism 41.真人Taoist pure man 42.族人clansman 43.坐禅sitting in meditation节假日1.春节Spring Festival 2.党的生日Party’s Birthday 3.端午节Dragon-Boat Festival 4.国庆节National Day 5.建军节Army Day 6.教师节Teachers’ Day 7.清明节Pure Brightness Day 8.国际儿童节International Children’s Day 9.三八妇女节International Working Women’s Day 10.五一International Labor Day 11.元旦New Year’s Day 12.元宵节Lantern Festival 13.中秋节Mid-Autumn Festival 14.重阳节Double-Ninth Festival政治经济活动1遵纪守法to observe discipline and abide by the law 2.走共同致富的道路to take the road to common prosperity 3.自留地individual farm plots 4自负盈亏to be responsible for one’s own profit and loss 5专业户specialized household 6重复建设to build redundant project 7治理整顿to improve the economic environment and rectify the economic order 8治理三乱to put to a stop/eliminate indiscriminate fines，charges and levies 9政企分开 to separate government functions from enterprise management 10宰人rip-off 11有经济头脑的人commercially minded people 12优生优育to promote good prenatal and postnatal care 13以权谋私to abuse power for personal gains 14移风易俗to transform outmoded habit andcustom 15依法治国to rule the country in accordance with law 16一切向钱看money-mania 17一国两制one country，two systems 18一刀切 sweeping approach 19严防死守 life-and-death defense 20严打to crack down on crimes and social evils 21亚运村Asian Games Village 22姓社姓资问题distinction of what is socialism and what is capitalism 23 星火计划Spark Program 24信息高速公路information highway 25小商品市场smalls fair 26小康生活to lead a relatively comfortable life 27乡镇企业 township enterprise 28下硬功夫 to make intensive efforts 29下海to take the plunge into private business 30下岗人员the laid-off 31物质文明material progress 32五讲四美运动the movement of “five stresses and four points of beauty”：to promote civility，courtesy，tidiness，orderliness and integrity 33五讲四美三热爱five stresses，four points of beauty and three aspects of love 34五好家庭 five-virtue family 35温饱问题the problem of inadequate food and clothing 36晚婚晚育 late marriage and postponement of childbearing 37歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena 38脱贫to shake off poverty 39退居二线to leave the leading post 40四有公民citizens who have high ideals，moral integrity，a good education and a strong sense of discipline 41十年规划和“八五”计划纲要the guidelines of the Ten-Year Programme and the Eighth Five-Year Plan 42十年**the ten chaotic years 43涉外婚姻Chinese marriage with foreign nationals 44扫黄anti-pornography drive 45三资企业e nterprises in the “three forms of ventures”：Sino-foreign joint ventures，cooperative businessesand exclusively foreign-ownedenterprises 46三峡工程Three Gorges Straits 47三通three direct links of trade，mail and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits 48三角债 debt chains 49权力下放to delegate50全民所有制public ownership 51勤俭建国to build the country with industry and thrift 52农转非agricultural people to be given non-agricultural status 53南水北调工程projects to divert water from the south to the north 54 磨洋工to dawdle along 55民工out-of-town laborer 56乱涨价 unauthorized price rise 57 乱摊派indiscriminate levies 58龙头 to play a leading role in 59 领导班子leading body 60廉政建设 construction of a clean government 61 亏损企业enterprises running in the red 62跨世纪工程a trans-century project 63可持续发展 sustainable development 64科教兴国战略the strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education 65科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force 66康居工程 the Affordable Housing Project 67开展扫黄打非斗争to crack down on pornography and other illegal publications 68军转民 military conversion 69九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 70纠正不正之风 to rectify unhealthy tendencies and malpractices 71纠风办State Council Office for Rectification 72精神文明建设to promote cultural and ethical progress 73精简机构to streamline government organs 74经济特区 special economic zone 75经济开发区economic development zone 76戒急用忍to overcome impetuosity and exercise patience 77解放生产力to emancipate the productive forces 78讲学习，讲政治，讲正气的党性党风教育to educate the cadres in the Party spirit and style through the promotion of the three emphases on theoretical studies，political awareness and integrity 79讲文明礼貌to promote civilized behavior 80减员增效，下岗分流 to cut down the size of workforce for efficiency and get the layoffs re-employed elsewhere 81坚持两个文明一起抓 to ensure that efforts are made to build a society that is advanced both materially and culturally and ideologically 82假日经济 holiday economy 83计划生育 familyplanning 84集体主义 community spirit 85基本国情 fundamental realities of the country 86火炬计划Torch Program（a plan to develop new and high technology）87灰色收入income from moonlighting 88户主head of a household 89户口管理制度domicile system 90户口簿 residence booklet 91红筹股red-chip shares；red chips 92黑社会Mafia-styleorganizations； gangland 93黑店 gangster inn 94黑客hacker 95和平演变 peaceful evolution towards capitalism 96和平统一，一国两制的方针the policy of peaceful reunification and the principle of “one country，two systems”97和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 98国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 99长期国库券treasury bonds 100官倒official profiteering 101挂靠to be attached or affiliated to 102公款吃喝 banquet at public expense 103公费医疗 medical services at state expense 104 革命老根据地the old revolutionary base areas 105搞活经济to invigorate the economy 106 搞活国营大中型企业to invigorate large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 107 高新技术产业开发区high and new technological industry development zone 108港人治港Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong 109改革开放reform and opening to the outside world 110改革开放政策 the reform and open policy 111福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system 112扶贫poverty alleviation 113房管real estate management 114防洪工程flood-prevention project 115发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance 116第三产业tertiary industry 117第二职业 second employment 118倒爷 profiteer 119党性one’s Party morale 120党群关系 Party-masses relationship 121待业job-waiting 122大腕top notch （singer etc.）123大排档 sidewalk snack booth 124大路货staplegoods 125打破僵局to break the deadlock 126打假to crack down on counterfeit goods 127打白条to issue IOUs 128磁悬浮列车magnetic suspension 129春运（passenger）transportation during the Spring Festival 130传销pyramid selling 131吃皇粮 to receive salaries，subsidies，or other supported from the government 132吃大锅饭the egalitarian practice of“everybody eating from the same big pot” 133超计划生育to have more children than what is planned 134参政议政意识 the awareness of the need to participate in the discussion and administration of state affairs 135菜篮子工程 the shopping basketproject 136部优产品Ministry-recognizedquality goods 137不正之风 unhealthy practice（tendency）138不良风气 unhealthy ways and customs 139不合理收费，集资和摊牌 to impose charges and quotas and collect money without authorization 140不顾条件，一哄而起to rush into action in disregard of objective conditions 141拨乱反正 to set things right 142 变相涨价disguised inflation 143本位主义departmentalism 144保重点，不撒胡椒面 Resources must be channeled to priority projects and not spread thinly everywhere 145包干到户work contracted to households 146半拉子工程uncompleted project 147摆门面 to put up an impressive front 148百年不遇 once-in-a-century 149百花齐放，百家争鸣Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend 150把已经确定的方针政策措施落到实处 to get the set principles，policies and measures implemented 151把眼光放远一些 to have a broad view 152把握正确的舆论导向 to properly guide the public opinion 153按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance 154安居工程Housing Project for low-income families 155“一条龙”服务coordinated-process service 156“豆腐渣”工程jerry-built project 157“达标”活动“target hitting” activities节气1大寒Greater Cold 2小寒Lesser Cold 3冬至the Winter Solstice 4大雪Greater Snow 5小雪Lesser Snow 6立冬the Beginning of Winter 7霜降Frost’s Descent 8秋分the Autumnal Equinox 9白露White Dew 10处暑the Limit of Heat 11立秋the Beginning of Autumn 12大暑Great Heat 13小暑Slight Heat 14夏至the Summer Solstice 15芒种 Grain in Ear 16小满Grain Full 17立夏the Beginning of Summer 18谷雨Grain Rain 19清明Pure Brightness 20春分the Spring Equinox 21惊蛰the Waking of Insects 22雨水Rain Water 23立春the Beginning of Spring 24寒露Cold Dew 25二十四节气 the twenty-four solar terms第三篇：四级翻译专有名词汇总..[在此处键入]四级翻译专有名词汇总1.中国历史与文化京剧 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫Kung Fu 太极Tai Chi 口技 ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏 shadow play 折子戏 opera highlights 杂技 acrobatics相声 witty dialogue comedy 刺绣 embroidery苏绣 Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figure 书法 calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot 中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain;china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing 武术martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism 墨家Mohism 法家Legalism 佛教Buddhism 孔子Confucius 孟子Mencius 老子 Lao Tzu 庄子 Chuang Tzu 墨子 Mo Tzu[在此处键入]孙子Sun Tzu 象形文字 pictographic characters 文房四宝(笔墨纸研)the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)《大学》The Great Learning 《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean 《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kingdoms 《西游爷己》Journey to the West 《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records 《诗经》The Book of Songs 《易经》The I Ching;The Book of Changes 《礼记》The Book of Rites 《三字经》Three-character Scriptures 八股文eight-part essay 五言绝句five-character quatrain 七言律诗seven-character octave 旗袍cheongsam 中山装Chinese tunic suit 唐装Tang suit 风水Feng Shui;geomantic omen阳历 Solar calendar 阴历 Lunar calendar 闰年 leap year 十二生肖zodiac 春节 the Spring Festival 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 清明节 the T omb-sweeping Day 端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 春联 spring couplets 庙会 temple fair 爆竹firecracker[在此处键入]年画(traditional)New Year pictures 压岁钱New Year gift-money 舞龙dragon dance 元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯festival lantern 灯谜lantern riddle 舞狮lion dance 踩高跷stilt walking 赛龙舟 dragon boat race 胡同hutong 山东菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粤菜 Canton cuisine 扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月饼moon cake 年糕rice cake 油条deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 拉面hand-stretched noodles 馄饨wonton(dumplings in soup)豆腐tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 烧饼 clay oven rolls 皮蛋100-year egg;century egg 蛋炒饭fried rice with egg 糖葫芦tomatoes on sticks 火锅hot pot 长城 the Great Wall of China 烽火台beacon tower 秦台皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山"Wutai Mountain 九华山 Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai [在此处键入]黄山Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain 故宫the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven 午门 Meridian Gate 大运河Grand Canal 护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸关Juyongguan Pass 九龙壁the Nine Dragon Wall 黄帝陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake 九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 鼓楼 drum tower 四合院quadrangle;courtyard complex 孔庙Confucius Temple 乐山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha 十八罗汉the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama2.中国经济总需求 aggregate demand 总供给 aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image(Cl);enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises[在此处键入]轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力purchasing power 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones(SEZ)经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热 overheated economy 通货膨胀inflation 抑制通货膨胀curb inflation 注入流动性 to inject liquidity 贴现率discount rate 存款准备金率reserve requirement ratio(RRR)公开市场业务open market operation(OMO)逆回购reverse repurchase agreement;reverse repo 引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策to fine-tune monetary policy 硬着陆 hard landing 软着陆 soft landing 二十国集团 Group of Twenty(G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister 全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year 经济活力economic vitality 大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package 结构改革 structural reform 硬资产 hard assets [在此处键入]软资产 soft assets 有形资产 tangible assets 经济走廊 economic corridor 整顿市场秩序to rectify the market order 反垄断antitrust;anti-monopoly 定价浮动 price fluctuations 谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit 债务审计audit of debt 地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革an overhaul of the public finance system 债务管理 debt management 信用支持 creditsupport 3.中国社会多元文化论 cultural pluralism 文化适应 acculturation 社会保障social security 班车shuttle bus 相定迁户a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent 福利彩票 welfare lotteries 家政服务 household management service 民工migrant laborers 名人celebrity 农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期puberty 全民健身运动nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查nationwide census 性骚扰sexual harassment 走私smuggling 性别歧视gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧视age discrimination 工作歧视job discrimination 享乐主义hedonism 文盲illiteracy 贫富分化disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版pirated/illegal copies 一国两制One Country, Two Systems 三个代表the Three Represents Theory 两会(人大、政协)Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperation[在此处键入]南北对话 North-South Dialog 人大常委会People’s Congress Standing Committee 法制观念awareness of law 法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放reform and opening-up 公务员civil servants 官僚主义作风the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存harmonious coexistence 计划生育family planning 计划生育基本国策the basic state policy of family planning 精神文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会neighborhood committee 科教兴国national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展sustainable development 廉洁高效honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系cross-straits relations 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations 领土完整territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit 普选制 general election system 求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences人大代表NPC member 毕业生分配graduate placement;assignment of graduate 充电update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府institution of higher education 综合性大学comprehensive university 文科院校colleges of(liberal)arts 理工科大学college / university of science and engineering 师范学院teache rs’ college;normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college)entrance examination 高校扩招 the college expansion plan 教育界education circle 教育投入input in education 九年义务教育nine-year compulsory education 考研take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 物质文明和精神文明material and spiritual civilization 小康社会 a well-off society[在此处键入]小康水平a well-off standard 一个中国原则the one-China principle 与时俱进keep pace with the times 综合国力overall national strength 共同愿望common desire “走出去”(战略)going global 不结盟non-alignment 单边主义unilateralism 多边政策multilateralism 多极世界multipolar world 人口老龄化aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社区服务 community service 道德法庭court of ethics 盗用公款embezzlement 成人夜校night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育political and ideological education第四篇：国际贸易专有名词及翻译1.Uneven distributionparative advantage3.absolute advantage.4 cost advantagemarket share economies of scale labor /capital /tech/resource intensive economy supplying /demandingcountry 1.2.比较优势 3绝对优势4.成本优势5.市场份额 6 规模经济7劳动/资金/技术/资源密集型经济8供给/需求国9.Foreign/local currency 10.Exchange rate 11.Target market 12.Export license 13.Quota 14.Cargo flow : import/export /transit trade 9.外/本币 10.汇率 11.目标市场 12.出口许可证 13.定量、配额14:（进、出口、过境）贸易 15.Credit referencemodity inspection 17.Customs clearance18.Direct /indirect/ Entrepot trade 19.International/Domestic trade 20.Export license15.资信证明16.商检17.清关、结关18.直接、间接、转口贸易19.国际、国内贸易20 出口许可证21.General/Specialtrade 22.Direct / Indirect trade23.Forms of good: Visible/ Invisible Goods trade24.：settlement instrument：Barter/ free-liquidation trade21.一般贸易/特殊贸易22.直接/间接贸易23.有形、无形产品贸易 24.易货、自由结算贸易mate’s receipt收货单、大副收据 shipping note装货通知单the bill of lading提单shipping advice 发货通知书1.consumer durables2.quote a price3.cross-border transactions4.customary practice5.loading fee6.dividing line7.actual delivery 1.耐用消费品2.报价3.跨境（国界）交易4.惯例5.装载费6.分界线7.实际交货１０．arrival contract 11.Customs clearance 12.Customs formalities 13.delivery 14.inspection15.Means of transport １０.到达合同 1１.清关、结关 1２.报关手续 1３.交货 1４.检验 1５.运输工具16.Mode of transport17.Shipment contract 18.Symbolic delivery19.Transfer of risks16.运输方式１７．装运合同 19.象征交货20.风险转移1: INCOTERMS 2010(Rules for the interpretation of Trade Terms 2010)2:ICC3:RAFD(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions)4: QC1.2010年国际贸易术语(通则）2.国际商会3.美国对外贸易定义修正本4.质量控制、质量管理1.EXW(EX works)工厂交货2.FCA(Free Carrier)货交承运人3.CPT(Carriage Paid To)运费付至4.CIP(Carriage and lnsurance Paid to)运费、保险费付至5.DAT(Delivered At Terminal)运输终端交货6.DAP(Delivered At Place)目的地交货7.DDP(Delivered Duty Paid)完税后交货 8.FAS(Free Along Side)船边交货9.FOB(Free On Board)船上交货10.CFR(Cost and Freight)成本加运费11.CIF(Cost, Insurance and Freight)成本、保险加运费• 1：FOB liner terms(FOB班轮条件): •buyer for all• 2：FOB under tackle（FOB吊钩下交货）:buyer pays from the moment goods under thetackle • 3：FOB –stowed（FOB包括理舱费）: • seller loading and stowing• 4：FOB Trimmed（FOB包括平舱费）: seller loading、trimming • 5：FOB stowed and trimmed（FOB包括理、平舱费•seller loading stowing and trimming1、firm offers2、offeror3、offeree4、terminate 5.acceptance 6 Counter-offer7.enquiry8.irrevocable offer 9 withdraw of an offer1.实盘2.发盘方（人）3.受盘方（人）终止 5.接受 6.还盘7.询价8.不可撤销发盘9.撤回发盘9 Validity periodquotation of an offer 11 Quote CISG（United Nations Convention on Contracts of International Sales of Goods)９有效期报盘国际货物销售合同公约形式发票（Proforma Invoice）报价单（Quotation）订单(Order)Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.报价应包括到利物浦的保险费和运费• 执事先生：•从澳大利亚大使馆得悉贵公司在澳大利亚是出口羊毛材料的一家大公司。
英汉互译简明教程(第二版)课件14 第四篇 专有名词的翻译
世界著名企业名称和品牌通常都有约定俗成的译法，其 中很多采用的是音译，如： • Nike 耐克 • Michelin 米其林 • Cadillac 凯迪拉克 • Phillips 飞利浦 • Maxwell 麦斯威尔
专有名词英译汉
3. 机构名称的翻译 3.2 意译
• 如：中国北京清华大学28号楼502室，应翻译为Room 502, Dormitory Building 28, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China。
• 中文地址翻译成英文的顺序是：X室、X号、X路/街、X区 /县、X市、X省，然后是中国。
3.中文地址的英译
其汉英对照如下：
1. 汉语地名的翻译方法
汉语地名翻译通常采用汉语拼音加直译的方法。 1.1 一般专名加通名构成汉语地名的翻译
这类情况通常将专名译作汉语拼音，然后再意译通名，例如： • 珠海市 Zhuhai City • 王府井商业街 Wangfujing Shopping Mall • 青藏高原 the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau • 四川盆地 the Sichuan Basin • 京杭运河 the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal
香山 Xiangshan Hill, 象鼻山 the Elephant Hill • Peak （山峰）
莲花峰 the Lotus Peak, 独秀峰 the Singular Beauty Peak
1. 汉语地名的翻译方法
1.5 通名为不同汉字的同一种译法 与前面相反，不同的汉字在很多情况下可英译为同一个单 词。譬如“江、河、水、溪”都统一英译为river，如：
• 长江 the Yangtze River • 黄河 the Yellow River • 珠江 the Pearl River • 古田溪 the Gutian River
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC)
主席团Presidium
常务委员会Standing Committee
办公厅General Office
秘书处Secretariat
代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee
提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee
民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee
法律委员会Law Committee
财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee
外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee
教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee
内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs
华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee
法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs
特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions
宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution
2、中华人民共和国主席President of the People's Republic of China
3、中央军事委员会Central Military Commission
4、最高人民法院Supreme People's Court
5、最高人民检察院Supreme People's Procuratorate
6、国务院State Council
(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council
外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
国防部Ministry of National Defence
国家发展和改革委员会National Development and Reform Commission
国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission
教育部Ministry of Education
科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology
国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence
国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission
公安部Ministry of Public Security
国家安全部Ministry of State Security
监察部Ministry of Supervision
民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs
司法部Ministry of Justice
财政部Ministry of Finance
人事部Ministry of Personnel
劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security
国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources
建设部Ministry of Construction
铁道部Ministry of Railways
交通部Ministry of Communications
信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry
水利部Ministry of Water Resources
农业部Ministry of Agriculture
对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture
卫生部Ministry of Public Health
国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission
中国人民银行People's Bank of China
国家审计署State Auditing Administration
(2)国务院办事机构Offices under the State Council
国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council
侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs
港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office
台湾事物办公室Taiwan Affairs Office
法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs
经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring
国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council
新闻办公室Information Office
10、新闻出版News media
总编辑Editor-in-chief
高级编辑Full Senior Editor
主任编辑Associate Senior Editor
编辑Editor
助理编辑Assistant Editor
高级记者Full Senior Reporter
主任记者Associate Senior Reporter
记者Reporter
助理记者Assistant Reporter
编审Professor of Editorship
编辑Editor
助理编辑Assistant Editor
技术编辑Technical Editor
技术设计员Technical Designer
校对Proofreader
11、翻译Translation
译审Professor of Translation
翻译Translator/Interpreter
助理翻译Assistant Translator/Interpreter
电台/电视台台长Radio/TV Station Controller
播音指导Director of Announcing
主任播音员Chief Announcer
播音员Announcer
电视主持人TV Presenter
电台节目主持人Disk Jockey
12、工艺、美术、电影Arts,crafts and movies 导演Director
演员Actor
画师Painter
指挥Conductor
编导Scenarist
录音师Sound Engineer
舞蹈编剧Choreographer
美术师Artist
制片人Producer
剪辑导演Montage Director
配音演员Dabber
摄影师Cameraman
化装师Make-up Artist。