新世纪实用英语写作chapter 7
写作篇 Chapter Seven Applications
II. Cover Letters
1. Introduction A cover letter is a letter of inquiry or application that accompanies the resume of a person applying for a job. It provides an opportunity for an individual to demonstrate his or her writing skills and highlight his or her qualifications for the job. In preparing a cover letter, follow the standard business letter format. Generally, a cover letter should cover the things as follows.
To convince an employer to grant an applicant an interview A resume
“Tombstone” resume→lists where an applicant went to school and where he has worked in chronological order
※End with the phrase: REFERENCES Available upon request
I. Resumes
3-2 Tips ◎ Your entire resume should ideally not be any longer than one page. If you have had a ◎number of years of experience specific to the job that you are applying for, two pages are also acceptable. ◎ Use dynamic action verbs such as: accomplished, collaborated, encouraged, established, facilitated, founded, managed, etc. ◎ Do NOT use the subject “I”, use tenses in the past. Except for your present job. Example: ◎ Conducted routine inspections of on site equipment.
新世纪 Book 4U7
Considered one of the English language’s
greatest writers, he was acclaimed(喝彩)for his rich
storytelling and memorable (难忘的)characters, and
achieved worldwide popularity in his lifetime.
He was locked up and the board of management was planning to drive him away from the workhouse.
Hale Waihona Puke Para A & B
the board of management
董事会
earn one’s living
serve out the soup at mealtimes on public holidays need washing Perform this operation
谋生
供应汤 开饭时 公共假日 需要洗 操作
suffer hunger in silence become desperate for his age cast votes fall to sb make signs to sb rise from advance to sb bowl in hand
earn one’s/a living 谋生
• Everyone should have the means to earn their own living. earn sb sth 为某人赢得某物 • That performance earned her an Oscar best actress. earnings 薪水,工资 • What are your earnings?
实用英语写作第7章教案Writing for Practical Purposes
Notices are mostly written to make known something about to happen or, sometimes, something that has happened. It may be an announcement of a meeting, a party, a film or video show, a contest, a match, etc. Such a notice includes at least three parts: 1) Date—day of the week—time, 2) Place, 3) Activity, 4) For lectures or talks, the notices should also include background information about the speakers, 5) For tours, they include other details.II Greetings, good wishes, congratulations, and condolences On different occasions, we choose one of them conveying corresponding messages written on cards which include: 1) the receiver‟s name---To Mr.& Mrs./Ms./Miss. XXX / Dr. XXX / Prof. XXX, 2) the message, 3) sender‟s name.III Notesappointments, apologies, informal invitations, requests, thanks, messagesNotes are short letters written for various purposes, simpler in form and informal or colloquial in language. The following can be omitted: 1)the addresses of the addressee and the addresser, 2)the word …Dear‟in the salutation, 3)the complimentary close, 4)the year in the date.IV Letters---business letters and personal lettersBusiness letter doesn‟t only mean buying, selling, or exchanging goods with people or companies but important matters we have to discus or deal with. Business letters may be a recommendation, a job/school application, an inquiry, and answer, an invitation, a complaint, etc. In other words, all letters which are not …personal‟ are …business‟ letters.1.FormA letter has six parts: the heading, the inside address, the salutation, thebody, the complimentary close, and the signature.2. LanguageThe style and tone of letters can be greatly varied, a personal letter casual,a business letter formal. However, their language are clear and direct.Business letters require politeness in tone, exact and concise in wording. If necessary, one more sentence may be used to previous correspondence when such correspondence needs to be remembered. When one answers a business letter, it is advisable to identify it by mentioning its subject and date. One more is for you to remember to end your letter with a courteous tone.3.Business letters: buying and selling, information exchanging, invitation,application for entry to a college, application for scholarship (assistantships, memberships, jobs, visas).4.Addressing an envelopeIn the middle part of an envelope are the full name and address of the addressee; in the upper left-hand corner is the return address with the full name and address of the sender. Pay attention to the order of the items.VI Curriculum vitaeA curriculum vitae or resume is a short written account of the main eventsof one‟s life. It is often required when one applies for a job.A curriculum vitae usually includes the following items: name, address,telephone number, date of birth, education, and word experience. Among other headings that may be added are marital status, citizenship or nationality, present position or current status, awards or honors and scholarships, publications, current studies or research, professional affiliations or memberships, language, travel, hobbies and interests, and references or referees. These should be inserted at suitable and logical places, but when letters of recommendation are not sent along with the c.v., references/referees should be last item.When you compose your curriculum vitae, try to give the information that will show you in the best possible light.VII Expressions●I am writing on behalf of all the members of our Literature Society toask….●We should be very grateful if you could give a talk on “The LatestDevelopment in …” to our … Club on Saturday afternoon, June 20th….●I am writing to ask whether you could send me some information aboutyour college and for the application forms….●Thank you very much for the information you sent me about yourcollege and for the application forms, which I am returning with three letters of recommendation, a certified copy of my transcript and ….●I should be very grateful if you could let me have details of any teachingassistantships in electric engineering that your department may have ….●Will you please kindly let me have a visa for entry to your country. Ienclose the forms which you sent me and also two photographs.●I am sorry that it has taken me so long to reply…, but ….●If there is anything I can do for you, please do not hesitate to ….●I look forward to hearing from you and I do hope I shall have theopportunity for an interview.●I think you would be interested to hear of ….。
新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程第4册Unit7
标准文档Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Seven: Reading and ReflectionPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1Why do you think we need to read?2What do you prefer to read — poems, novels or plays?3What role do you think literary works play in our lives?▆Answers for reference:1 Hints:Reading broadens our horizons.Reading enriches our knowledge.Reading puts us in contact with the best minds of human history.Reading enriches our experience.Reading empowers us with knowledge.Reading improves our character and taste.Reading is a good pastime.2Some hints:a)Different people read literature for different reasons and purposes because of their differentbackgrounds, tastes, experiences and educational background.b)Those who prefer reading novels may think novels are more interesting and easier to read probablybecause novels usually have plots. They can take readers to other places and times, real or imaginary, allowing them to meet people and experience life in many different ways. A good novel makes readers think, laugh, cry or wonder.3Reference:Literary works play an important role in our life. They can broaden our horizons. They help us experiencea kind of life which we cannot have in real life. They help us see the things which we tend to ignore inour daily life. They can also help us escape from reality.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about reading and reflection and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Francis Bacon⊙S ome books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.— Francis Bacon Interpretation:There are different ways of reading books. To taste a book, one can read it in a state of relaxation. To swallow a book one can glide his eyes across the lines of a book. To chew or digest a book one should read it actively. And when he has finished reading a book, the pages are filled with his notes. Only when good books are chewed and digested can they have a lasting influence on one ’s life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, and writer. Francis Bacon graduatedfrom Trinity College, Cambridge. He was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He is especially famous for his Essays, in which his practical wisdom is shown through his reflections and comments on rather abstract subjects.Benjamin Franklin◎Reading makes a full man, meditation a profound man, discourse a clear man.— Benjamin FranklinInterpretation:Reading broadens our horizons, molds our temperament and enlightens our minds. Reading provides us with the possibility of opening ourselves up to the world, which helps us to become learned and knowledgeable persons. Thinking deeply helps us gain an insight into human life. Having scholarly conversations with others helps us become wiser.About Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): a US politician, writer, and scientist. He was involved in writing two historically significant documents, the Declaration of Independence (《独立宣言》 ) and the Constitution of the United States (《美国宪法》 ). He is famous for proving that lightning is a form of electricity by doing a scientific test in which he flew a kite during a storm, and he invented the lightning conductor. He is also wellknown for his literary works such as Poor Richard s Almanac’ (《穷理查德年鉴》 1732-1757；亦译作《格言历书》、《穷理查历书》 ) and Autobiography (《自传》 1790).Denis Parsons Burkitt◎It is better to read a little and ponder a lot than to read a lot and ponder a little.— Denis Parsons BurkittInterpretation:What really counts is not how many books we have read but whether we spend time thinking over whatwe have read. So we should read selectively and reflectively.About Denis Parsons Burkitt (1911–1993): an accomplished British surgeon. His major contribution to medical science was the description, distribution, and ultimately, the etiology (病因学；病源论 ) of apediatric ( 小儿科的 ) cancer that bears his name Burkitt’(s伯lymphoma基特氏淋巴瘤).Louisa May Alcott◎Good books, like good friends, are few and chosen; the more select, the more enjoyable.— Louisa May AlcottInterpretation:Books and friends should be few but good. We should be highly selective in reading books, and ourgreatest pleasure in reading comes from the best books.About Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888): an American novelist best known as author of the novel Little Women (《小妇人》） .Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip Reading“ Really Matters” and do the tasks that follow. Introduction of the video:Dana Gioia, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, is talking about arts education.First he mentions a problem in the United States: People are reading less and employers are facing a serious problem that their new employees can ’tread and can’twrite.According to Dana Gioia, those people who read do exercise more and do more volunteering charity work.Then he comes to talk about how reading actually matters to a person.1 Now fill in the note form according to what you hear.Topic: Reading Awakens Something inside the Reader1)reading increases your sense of your own personal destiny.2)reading makes the lives of other people more real to you.In summary, reading makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated asyour own.Reading builds a society with not only imaginative capability, intellectual capability, but compassion,and humanity.2Discuss the following questions.Do you agree that Chinese people are reading less?Do you think modern technology has influenced the way people read?Open .▇Script ：Americans are reading less. Because they read less, they read less well. Because they read less well, theydo less well in the educational system. We are in the process in the United States of producing the firstgeneration in our history that’-educatedslesswellthan their parents. Now, I mean, to me, this is, you knowa⋯ an abandonment of the whole American misroutes of self improvement. Because they do less well in school,they do less well in the job market and economically. The number one problems for new employers inthe United States: new employees can’ t read, new employees can’ t write. And in fact, for those people who can ’ t even read above the basic level, 55% of those people end up unemployed.And even on a further level, they overwhelmingly are like, you know, are more likely to end up in thecriminal justice system. Only 3% of the people in U.S. prisons read at a proficiency level. Because they readless well, you know, because in a sense they don’ t develop these things, they are also lessagedlikely to be engin personal positive behavior however you wanna measure it.We can measure it many different ways. You would not think it, but it is overwhelmingly demonstrable:that people that read exercise more; people that read join, play sports more. They belong to civic organizationsmore. They do volunteering charity work nearly 4 times the level of non-readers.Well, when I saw these data, I said, well, wait. We have to be measuring something else. W e’ re measuringincome, and we ’ re measuring educationfyou.I take the poorest people in the United States who read, they dovolunteering charity work at twice the level of people who don ’readt. So what does it say to us? It sayssomething we know,each of us knows this: when you read, when you ’ rengaged in the arts, it awakenssomething inside of you. That does two things: the first is that it increases your sense of your own personaldestiny. But, secondly, it makes the lives of other people more real to you. It creates a heightened sense ofyourself as an i ndividual, but it also brings you, maybe, especially when you’ re readiing novels or imagin the literature in which you follow the stories, the lives of the people in the dailiness of their existence, socially,economically. Maybe understanding, a man understanding how a woman thinks, and a man understanding howa man thinks, a person understanding how somebody from a different country, from a different race thinks andfeels. This imaginative exercises, this meditative exercise, makes you understand that other people have aninner life as complicated as your own. And so, if you have a society, in which tens of millions of people guidedby pleasure no less, undertake these types of contemplations and meditations,you have a society whichbuilds ⋯ not only it’ s imaginative capability, it’ s, butintellectualit’ scapabilitycompassion, and it’ s humanity.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word Bankcontend vt.claim; say or state strongly 〖正式〗宣称，断言，主purchase n.fml the act of buying〖正式〗，采prelude n.sth. that is followed by sth. larger or more important初步，序幕，前奏indispensable a. too important or too useful to be without必需的，必不行少的fundamental a. basic基本的，根本的，基础的Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇C hoose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in thelistening passage.1What does the speaker mean by efficient reading or reading efficiently?A)Reading a book for pleasure.B)Writing between lines while reading.C) Remembering the author thoughts’s.D)Scanning a book for facts.2What is the advantage of marking up a book according to the speaker?A)Marking up a book helps readers take in the brilliant ideas in the book.B)Marking up a book enables readers to know what they read.C)Marking up a book makes readers feel like the owner of the book.D)Marking up a book makes readers conscious of the fact that they are reading actively.3What is the true sense of owning a book?A)Marking it through active reading.B)Purchasing it with one ’s own money.C)Writing on e’sname on it.D)Understanding every word in it.4How do people read books for pleasure?A)They read them consciously.B)They read them in a state of relaxation.C)They read them passively.D)They read them actively.5How do people know they have read actively when they finish reading a book?A)They establish a relationship with the author.B)They gain possession of the book.C)The pages are full of their notes.D)Their spoken language has been improved.▇K ey:1)B 2)D 3)A 4)B 5)CSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading it? First, it keeps you 1) ________. And I don ’meantmerely 2) ________; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is 3) ________, is thinking, andthinking tends to 4) ________ itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually thethought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the 5) ________ you had, or the thoughts theauthor expressed.If reading is to 6) ________ anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’ t le glide across the lines of a book and come up with an 7) ________ of what you have read. The books you readfor pleasure can be read in a state of 8) ________ and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty,a book that 9) ________ and tries to answer fundamental questions, 10) ________ the most active reading.When you ’ vefinished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.▇ Answers:1) awake2) conscious3) active4) express5) thoughts6) accomplish7) understanding8) relaxation 9) raises10) demands▇ Script:Reading EfficientlyYou know you have to read“ between thes”lineto get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you todo something equally important in the course of your reading, that is:the lines“”write.Unlessbetweenyou do,you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. I contend that marking up a book is an act of love.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by payingfor it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Fullownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of itis by writing in it.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. And I don ly’ t mea conscious; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends toexpress itself in words, spoken or written.The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally,writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’ t let glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. The books you readfor pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, abook that raises and tries to answer fundamental questions, demands the most active reading. When youfinished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1What is the difference between the lives of those who read and those who do not?2Can reading newspapers be categorized as reading? Why or why not?3What is the art of reading according to the author?4What does the author think of “the taste for reading ”?5Can people benefit from reading the same books at different ages? Why or why not?▇Answers for reference:1According to the author, those who do not read are just like prisoners confined to their immediate world in respect to time and space. Their life falls into a set of routines and they see only what happens in theirimmediate neighbourhood with few friends and acquaintances to communicate with. In contrast, those whoread have the privilege to escape temporarily from the present world and enter a different country ora different age as soon as they pick up a book. Good books put them in touch with the best minds in historyand they are always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Books broaden their horizons andtheir life is never a set of dull routines.2According to the author, reading newspapers does not belong to the category of reading because the average reader of a newspaper is mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happeningswithout contemplative value. The best reading does not merely offer a report of events, but is able to leadreaders into a contemplative mood.3According to the author, only reading with the object of enriching one ’s charm and flavor can be called an art.The charm here is not related to one ’s physical appearance, but one’s inner aura of elegance which canonly be acquired through reading. And flavor here refers to the flavor in speech, and its cultivation entirely depends on one ’s way of reading.4The author thinks that taste is the key to all reading and is individual and selective. Each person has his own taste in the kinds of books he enjoys reading. Forcing one to read books that he dislikes will achieve no positive results.5Yes. People can benefit from reading the same book at different ages and get different flavors out of it.According to the author, people at different ages should read different kinds of books and good books can be read more than once at different ages.Exercise 2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part Paragraph(s)Main IdeaOne1-3Two4-5Three6-8Four9▇Answers for reference:Part Paragraph(s)Main IdeaThe benefits of reading can be seen from such comparison: Nonreaders areimprisoned in their immediate world, while readers can travel freely in their One1-3mind to different countries or different ages. And the best reading leadsreaders into a contemplative mood, not merely occupied with the report ofevents.The object of reading is to cultivate personal charm of appearance and flavor Two4-5in speech, not to“improve one’s mind ”, which kills the joy of reading andforces one to read with a sense of obligation.The key to all reading lies in taste, which is selective and individual. No oneThree6-8should be forced to read books against his own will and there is no book that one absolutely must read. It is wise to read books that meet the development of one’s intellectual interest.Benefit from reading relies on the contributions of both the author and theFour9reader. The profit will be greater if one is lucky enough to find his favouriteauthor.Section B In-depth StudyIn the following text, Lin Yutang, the Chinese writer, translator, linguist and inventor , shares with us his insight into reading as an art. He not only addresses such questions as why to read, what to read, and when to read, but also convinces us of the beauty and benefits of reading as an art.The Art of ReadingLin Yutang1 Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and isrespected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege . This is easy to understand when wecompare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does.2 The man who has not the habit of reading is imprisoned in his immediate world, in respect to time andspace. His life falls into a set routine; he is limited to contact and conversation with a few friends and acquaintances, and he sees only what happens in his immediate neighborhood. From this prison there is noescape. But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world, and if it is a good book,he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers of the world. This talker leads him on and carrieshim into a different country or a different age, or unburdens to him some of his personal regrets, or discusseswith him some special line or aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about. An ancient author puts him incommunion with a dead spirit of long ago, and as he reads along, he begins to imagine what that ancient authorlooked li ke and what type of person he was. Both Mencius and Ssema Ch’ ien have expressed the same idea. Now to be able to live two hours out of twelve in a different world and take one’ s thoughts off the c immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their bodily prison .3 Such a change of environment is really similar to travel in its psychological effect. But there is more to itthan this. The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection.Even if it is a book aboutphysical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person or living through them, and readingabout them in books, for then the events always assume the quality of a spectacle and the reader becomes adetached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not thatwhich is merely occupied with the report of events. The tremendous amount of time spent on newspapers Iregard as not reading at all, for the average readers of papers are mainly concerned with getting reports aboutevents and happenings without contemplative value.4 The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Sung poet. Hesaid, “ A scholar who hasn’ t read anyfor th reeing days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own facebecomes hateful to look at.” What he means, of course, is that reading gives a man a certain charm and flavor,which is the entire object of reading, and only reading with this object can be called an art. One doesn’ t read to“ improve one ’ s mind, ” because when one begins to think of improving his mind, all the pleasure of reading isgone. He is the type of person who says to himself:“ I must read Shakespeare, and I must readI Sophocles, an must read the entire Five Foot Shelf of Dr. Eliot, so I can become an educated man.” I’ m sure th never become educated. He will force himself one evening to read Shakespeare Hamlet and come away,’s as iffrom a bad dream, with no greater benef it than that he is able to say that he has Hamlet . Anyone“read who”reads a book with a sense of obligation does not understand the art of reading .5Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then, according to Huang,the only admissible kind of reading. This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted assomething other than physical beauty. What Huang means by“ hateful to look at” is not physical ugline for flavor of speech, it all depends on one ’ways of reading. Whether one has “ flavor or”not in his talk,depends on his method of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing.6Hence I consider flavor or taste as the key to all reading. It necessarily follows that taste is selective andindividual, like the taste for food. The most hygienic way of eating is, after all, eating what one likes, for thenone is sure of his digestion . In reading as in eating, what is one man’ s meat may be another’ s poison. A cannot force his pupils to like what he likes in reading, and a parent cannot expect his children to have thesame tastes as himself. And if the reader has no taste for what he reads, all the time is wasted.7There can be, therefore, no books that one absolutely must read. For our intellectual interests grow like atree or flow like a river. So long as there is proper sap, the tree will grow anyhow, and so long as there is freshcurrent from the spring, the water will flow. When water strikes a cliff, it just goes around it; when it finds itselfin a pleasant low valley, it stops and meanders there a while; when it finds itself in a deep mountain pond, it iscontent to stay there; when it finds itself traveling over rapids, it hurries forward. Thus, without any effortor determined aim, it is sure of reaching the sea some day. There are no books in this world that everybody mustread, but only books that a person must read at a certain time in a given place under given circumstancesand at a given period of his life. I rather think that reading, like matrimony, is determined by fate or yinyuan. Evenif there is a certain book that every one must read, there is a time for it. When one ’thoughts and experiencehave not reached a certain point for reading a masterpiece, the masterpiece will leave only a badflavor on his palate. Confucius said,“ When one is fifty, one may readBookthe of Changes,” which means thatone should not read it at forty-five. The extremely mild flavor of Confucius’ ownThesayingsAnalectsin andhis mature wisdom cannot be appreciated until one becomes mature himself.8Furthermore, the same reader reading the same book at different periods gets a different flavor out of it. Forinstance, we enjoy a book more after we have had a personal talk with the author himself, or even after havingseen a picture of his face, and one gets again a different flavor sometimes after one has broken off friendshipwith the author. A person gets a kind of flavor from reading the Book of Changes at forty, and gets another kindof flavor reading it at fifty, after he has seen more changes in life. Therefore, all good books can be read withprofit and renewed pleasure a second time.9 Reading, therefore, is an act consisting of two sides, the author and the reader. The net gain comes as muchfrom the reader’ s contribution through his own insight and experience as from the author. I regard the’ s own discovery of one’ s favorite author as the most critical event in one’ s intellectual development. There is thing as the affinity of spirits, and among the authors of ancient and modern times, one must try to find anauthor whose spirit is akin with his own. Only in this way can one get any real good out of reading.▇ 课文参照译文念书的艺术林语堂1念书或书本的享受向来被视为有涵养的生活上的一种雅事，而在一些不大有时机享受这类权益的人们看来，这是一种值得尊敬和忌妒的事。
新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程第4册Unit7
新世纪大学英语(第二版)综合教程第4册Unit7Electronic Teaching Portfolio Book FourUnit Seven: Reading and ReflectionPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion�~ Sit in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions. 1 Why do you think we need to read?2 What do you prefer to read ― poems, novels or plays?3 What role do you think literary works play in our lives?�} Answers for reference: 1 Hints:? Reading broadens our horizons. ? Reading enriches our knowledge.? Reading puts us in contact with the best minds of human history. ? Reading enriches our experience.? Reading empowers us with knowledge. ? Reading improves our character and taste. ? Reading is a good pastime.2 Some hints:a) Different people read literature for different reasons and purposes because of their differentbackgrounds, tastes, experiences and educational background.b) Those who prefer reading novels may think novels are more interesting and easier to read probablybecause novels usually have plots. They can take readers to other places and times, real or imaginary, allowing them to meet people and experience life in many different ways. A good novel makes readers think, laugh, cry or wonder.3 Reference:Literary works play an important role in our life. They can broaden our horizons. They help us experience a kind of life which we cannot have in real life. They help us see the things which we tend to ignore in our daily life. They can also help us escape from reality.Section B Quotes�~ Study the following quotes about reading and reflection and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Francis Bacon⊙Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.1― Francis BaconInterpretation:There are different ways of reading books. To taste a book, one can readit in a state of relaxation. To swallow a book one can glide his eyes across the lines of a book. To chew or digest a book one should read it actively. And when he has finished reading a book, the pages are filled with his notes. Only when good books are chewed and digested can they have a lasting influence on one’s life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, and writer. Francis Bacon graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge. He was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He is especially famous for his Essays, in which his practical wisdom is shown through his reflections and comments on rather abstract subjects.Benjamin Franklin◎ Reading makes a full man, meditation a profound man, discourse a clear man.― Benjamin FranklinInterpretation:Reading broadens our horizons, molds our temperament and enlightens our minds. Reading provides us with the possibility of opening ourselves up to the world, which helps us to become learned and knowledgeable persons. Thinking deeply helps us gain an insight into human life. Having scholarlyconversations with others helps us become wiser.About Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): a US politician, writer, andscientist. He was involved in writing two historically significant documents, the Declaration of Independence (《独立宣言》) and the Constitution of the United States (《美国宪法》). He is famous for proving that lightning is aform of electricity by doing a scientific test in which he flew a kite duringa storm, and he invented the lightning conductor. He is also well known forhis literary works such as Poor Richard’s Almanac (《穷理查德年鉴》1732-1757；亦译作《格言历书》、《穷理查历书》) and Autobiography (《自传》1790).2Denis Parsons Burkitt◎ It is better to read a little and ponder a lot than to read a lot and ponder a little.― Denis Parsons BurkittInterpretation:What really counts is not how many books we have read but whether we spend time thinking over what we have read. So we should read selectively and reflectively.About Denis Parsons Burkitt (1911�C1993): an accomplished British surgeon. His major contribution to medical science was the description, distribution, and ultimately, the etiology (病因学；病源论) of a pediatric (小儿科的) cancer that bears his name Burkitt’s lymphoma (伯基特氏淋巴瘤).Louisa May Alcott◎ Good books, like good friends, are few and ch osen; the more select, the more enjoyable.― Louisa May AlcottInterpretation:Books and friends should be few but good. We should be highly selective in reading books, and our greatest pleasure in reading comes from the best books.About Louisa May Alcott (1832�C1888): an American novelist best known as author of the novel Little Women (《小妇人》）.Section C Watching and Discussion�~ Watch the following video clip “Reading Really Matters” and do the tasks that follow. Introduction of the video:Dana Gioia, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, is talking about arts education.First he mentions a problem in the United States: People are reading less and employers are facing a serious problem that their new employees can’t read and can’t write.According to Dana Gioia, those people who read do exercise more and do more volunteering charity work.3Then he comes to talk about how reading actually matters to a person. 1 Now fill in the note form according to what you hear.Topic: Reading Awakens Something inside the Reader 1) reading increases your sense of your own personal destiny. 2) reading makes the lives of other people more real to you.In summary, reading makes you understand that other people have an innerlife as complicated as your own.Reading builds a society with not only imaginative capability,intellectual capability, but compassion, and humanity.2 Discuss the following questions.Do you agree that Chinese people are reading less?Do you think modern technology has influenced the way people read? Open.�~ Script：Americans are reading less. Because they read less, they read less well. Because they read less well, they do less well in the educational system. Weare in the process in the United States of producing the first generation inour history that’s less well-educated than their parents. Now, I mean, to me, this is, you know a…an abandonment of the whole American misroutes of self improvement. Because they do less well in school, they do less well in the job market and economically. The number one problems for new employers in the United S tates: new employees can’t read, new employees can’t write. And in fact, for those people who can’t even read above the basic level, 55% ofthose people end up unemployed.And even on a further level, they overwhelmingly are like, you know, are more likely to end up in the criminal justice system. Only 3% of the people in U.S. prisons read at a proficiency level. Because they read less well, you know, because in a sense they don’t develop these things, they are also less likely to be engaged in personal positive behavior however you wanna measureit.We can measure it many different ways. You would not think it, but it is overwhelmingly demonstrable: that people that read exercise more; people that read join, play sports more. They belong to civic organizations more. They do volunteering charity work nearly 4 times the level of non-readers.Well, when I saw these data, I said, well, wait. We have to be measuring something else. We’re measuring income, and we’re measuring education. Ifyou take the poorest people in the United States who read, they dovolunteering charity work at twice the level of people who don’t read. Sowhat does it say to us? It says something we know, each of us knows this: when you read, when you’re engaged in the arts, it aw akens something inside of you.That does two things: the first is that it increases your sense of your own personal destiny. But, secondly, it makes the lives of other people more realto you. It creates a heightened sense of yourself as an individual, but italso brings you, maybe, especially when you’re reading novels or imaginingthe literature in which you follow the stories, the lives of the people in the dailiness of their existence, socially, economically. Maybe understanding, a man understanding how a woman thinks, and a man understanding how a man thinks, a person understanding how somebody from a different country, from a different race thinks and feels. This imaginative exercises, this meditative exercise, makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated asyour own. And so, if you have a society, in which tens of millions of people guided by pleasure no less, undertake these types of contemplations and meditations, you have a society which builds… not only it’s imaginative capability, it’s intellectual capability, but it’s compassion, and it’s humanity.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word Bank contend vt. claim; say or state strongly〖正式〗声称，断言，主张 purchase n. fml the act of buying 〖正式〗购买，采购 prelude n. sth. that is followed by sth. larger or more important 开端，序幕，前奏 4indispensable a. too important or too useful to be without 必需的，必不可少的 fundamental a. basic 基本的，根本的，基础的 Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas�~Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1 What does the speaker mean by efficient reading or reading efficiently?A) Reading a book for pleasure.B) Writing between lines while rea ding. C) Remembering the author’s thoughts. D) Scanning a book for facts.2 What is the advantage of marking up a book according to the speaker?A) Marking up a book helps readers take in the brilliant ideas in the book.B) Marking up a book enables readers to know what they read.C) Marking up a book makes readers feel like the owner of the book.D) Marking up a book makes readers conscious of the fact that they are reading actively.3 What is the true sense of owning a book?A) Marking it through active reading. B) Purchasing it with one’s own money. C) Writing one’s name on it.D) Understanding every word in it.4 How do people read books for pleasure?A) They read them consciously.B) They read them in a state of relaxation. C) They read them passively. D) They read them actively.5 How do people know they have read actively when they finish reading a book?A) They establish a relationship with the author. B) They gain possessionof the book. C) The pages are full of their notes.D) Their spoken language has been improved. �~Key:1) B 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) CSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details�~ Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading it? First, it keeps you 1) ________. And I don’t mean merely 2) ________; I mean wide a wake. In the second place, reading, if it is 3) ________, is thinking, and thinking tendsto 4) ________ itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the 5) ________ you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to 6) ________ anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an 7) ________ of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of 8) ________ and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that 9) ________ and tries to answer fundamental questions, 10) ________ the most active reading. When you’ve finished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.5感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
新世纪大学英语（第二版）综合教程第4册Unit7
新世纪⼤学英语（第⼆版）综合教程第4册Unit7Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Seven: Reading and ReflectionPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1Why do you think we need to read?2What do you prefer to read — poems, novels or plays?3What role do you think literary works play in our lives?▆Answers for reference:1Hints:●Reading broadens our horizons.●Reading enriches our knowledge.●Reading puts us in contact with the best minds of human history.●Reading enriches our experience.●Reading empowers us with knowledge.●Reading improves our character and taste.●Reading is a good pastime.2Some hints:a)Different people read literature for different reasons and purposes because of their differentbackgrounds, tastes, experiences and educational background.b)Those who prefer reading novels may think novels are more interesting and easier to read probablybecause novels usually have plots. They can take readers to other places and times, real or imaginary, allowing them to meet people and experience life in many different ways. A good novel makes readers think, laugh, cry or wonder.3Reference:Literary works play an important role in our life. They can broaden our horizons. They help us experience a kind of life which we cannot have in real life. They help us see the things which we tend to ignore in our daily life. They can also help us escape from reality.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about reading and reflection and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Francis Bacon⊙Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.— Francis Bacon Interpretation:There are different ways of reading books. To taste a book, one can read it in a state of relaxation. To swallow a book one can glide his eyes across the lines of a book. To chew or digest a book one should read it actively. And when he has finished reading a book, the pages are filled with his notes. Only when good books are chewed and digested can they have a lasting influence on one’s life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, and writer. Francis Bacon graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge. He was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He is especially famous for his Essays, in which his practical wisdom is shown through his reflections and comments on rather abstract subjects.Benjamin Franklin◎Reading makes a full man, meditation a profound man, discourse a clear man.— Benjamin FranklinInterpretation:Reading broadens our horizons, molds our temperament and enlightens our minds. Reading provides us with the possibility of opening ourselves up to the world, which helps us to become learned and knowledgeable persons. Thinking deeply helpsus gain an insight into human life. Having scholarly conversations with others helps us become wiser.About Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): a US politician, writer, and scientist. He was involved in writing two historically significant documents, the Declaration of Independence (《独⽴宣⾔》) and the Constitution of the United States (《美国宪法》). He is famous for proving that lightning is a form of electricity by doing a scientific test in which he flew a kite during a storm, and he invented the lightning conductor. He is also well known for his literary works such as Poor Richard’s Almanac (《穷理查德年鉴》1732-1757；亦译作《格⾔历书》、《穷理查历书》) and Autobiography (《⾃传》1790).Denis Parsons Burkitt◎It is better to read a little and ponder a lot than to read a lot and ponder a little.— Denis Parsons BurkittInterpretation:What really counts is not how many books we have read but whether we spend time thinking over what we have read. So we should read selectively and reflectively.About Denis Parsons Burkitt (1911–1993): an accomplished British surgeon. His major contribution to medical science was the description, distribution, and ultimately, the etiology (病因学；病源论) of apediatric (⼩⼉科的) cancer that bears his name Burkitt’s lymphoma (伯基特⽒淋巴瘤).Louisa May Alcott◎Good books, like good friends, are few and chosen; the more select, the more enjoyable.— Louisa May AlcottInterpretation:Books and friends should be few but good. We should be highly selective in reading books, and our greatest pleasure in reading comes from the best books.About Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888): an American novelist best known as author of the novel Little Women (《⼩妇⼈》）. Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “Reading Really Matters” and do the tasks that follow.Introduction of the video:Dana Gioia, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, is talking about arts education.First he mentions a problem in the United States: People are reading less and employers are facing a serious problem that their new employees can’t read and can’t write.According to Dana Gioia, those people who read do exercise more and do more volunteering charity work.Then he comes to talk about how reading actually matters to a person.1 Now fill in the note form according to what you hear.Topic: Reading Awakens Something inside the Reader1) reading increases your sense of your own personal destiny.2) reading makes the lives of other people more real to you.In summary, reading makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own.Reading builds a society with not only imaginative capability, intellectual capability, but compassion, and humanity.2Discuss the following questions.Do you agree that Chinese people are reading less?Do you think modern technology has influenced the way people read?Open.▇Script：Americans are reading less. Because they read less, they read less well. Because they read less well, they do less well in the educational system. We are in the process in the United States of producing the first generation in our history that’s less well-educated than their parents. Now, I mean, to me, this is, you know a…an abandonment of the whole American misroutes of self improvement. Because they do less well in school, they do less well in the job market and economically. The number one problems for new employers in the United States: new employees can’t read, new employees can’t write. And in fact, for those people who can’t even read above the basic level, 55% of those people end up unemployed.And even on a further level, they overwhelmingly are like, you know, are more likely to end up in the criminal justice system. Only 3% of the people in U.S. prisons read at a proficiency level. Because they read less well, you know, because in a sense they don’t develop these things, they are a lso less likely to be engaged in personal positive behavior however you wanna measure it.We can measure it many different ways. You would not think it, but it is overwhelmingly demonstrable: that people that read exercise more; people that read join, play sports more. They belong to civic organizations more. They do volunteering charity work nearly 4 times the level of non-readers.Well, when I saw these data, I said, well, wait. We have to be measuring something else. W e’re measuring income, and we’re measuring education. If you take the poorest people in the United States who read, they do volunteering charity work at twice the level of people who don’t read. So what does it say to us? It says something we know, each of us knows this: when you read, when you’re engaged in the arts, it awakens something inside of you. That does two things: the first is that it increases your sense of your own personal destiny. But, secondly, it makes the lives of other people more real to you. It creates a heightened sense of yourself as an individual, but it also brings you, maybe, especially when you’re reading novels or imagin ing the literature in which you follow the stories, the lives of the people in the dailiness of their existence, socially, economically. Maybe understanding, a man understanding how a woman thinks, and a man understanding how a man thinks, a person understanding how somebody from a different country, from a different race thinks and feels. This imaginative exercises, this meditative exercise, makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own. And so, if you have a society, in which tens of millions of people guided by pleasure no less, undertake these types of contemplations and meditations, you have a society which builds… not only it’s imaginative capability, it’s intellectual capability, b ut it’s compassion, and it’s humanity.Part II Listen and RespondSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage. 1What does the speaker mean by efficient reading or reading efficiently?A)Reading a book for pleasure.B)Writing between lines while reading.C)Remembering the author’s thoughts.D)Scanning a book for facts.2What is the advantage of marking up a book according to the speaker?A)Marking up a book helps readers take in the brilliant ideas in the book.B)Marking up a book enables readers to know what they read.C)Marking up a book makes readers feel like the owner of the book.D)Marking up a book makes readers conscious of the fact that they are reading actively.3What is the true sense of owning a book?A)Marking it through active reading.B)Purchasing it with one’s own money.C)Writing one’s name on it.D)Understanding every word in it.4How do people read books for pleasure?A)They read them consciously.B)They read them in a state of relaxation.C)They read them passively.D)They read them actively.5How do people know they have read actively when they finish reading a book?A)They establish a relationship with the author.B)They gain possession of the book.C)The pages are full of their notes.D)Their spoken language has been improved.▇Key:1) B 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) CSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading it? First, it keeps you 1) ________. And I don’t mean merely 2)________; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is 3) ________, is thinking, and thinking tends to 4)________ itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the 5) ________ you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to 6) ________ anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an 7) ________ of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of 8) ________ and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that 9) ________ and tries to answer fundamental questions, 10) ________ the most active reading. When you’ve finished rea ding a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.▇Answers:1)awake 2) conscious 3) active 4) express 5) thoughts6) accomplish 7) understanding 8) relaxation 9) raises 10) demands▇Script:Reading EfficientlyYou know you have to read ―between the line s‖ to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading, that is: ―write between the lines‖. Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. I contend that marking up a book is an act of love.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. And I don’t mean merely conscious; I meanwide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading i s to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer fundamental questions, demands the most active reading. When you’ve finished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1What is the difference between the lives of those who read and those who do not?2Can reading newspapers be categorized as reading? Why or why not?3What is the art of reading according to the author?4What does the author think of ―the taste for reading‖?5Can people benefit from reading the same books at different ages? Why or why not?▇Answers for reference:1According to the author, those who do not read are just like prisoners confined to their immediate world in respect to time and space. Their life falls into a set of routines and they see only what happens in their immediate neighbourhood with few friends and acquaintances to communicate with. In contrast, those who read have the privilege to escape temporarily from the present world and enter a different country ora different age as soon as they pick up a book. Good books put them in touch with the best minds inhistory and they are always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Books broaden their horizons and their life is never a set of dull routines.2According to the author, reading newspapers does not belong to the category of reading because the average reader of a newspaper is mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value. The best reading does not merely offer a report of events, but is able to lead readers into a contemplative mood.3According to the author, only reading with the object of enriching one’s charm and flavor can be called an art. The charm here is not related to one’s physical appearance, but one’s inner aura of elegance which canonly be acquired through reading. And flavor here refers to the flavor in speech, and its cultivation entirely depends on one’s way of reading.4The author thinks that taste is the key to all reading and is individual and selective. Each person has his own taste in the kinds of books he enjoys reading. Forcing one to read books that he dislikes will achieve no positive results.5Yes. People can benefit from reading the same book at different ages and get different flavors out of it.According to the author, people at different ages should read different kinds of books and good books can be read more than once at different ages.Exercise 2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Section B In-depth StudyIn the following text, Lin Yutang, the Chinese writer, translator, linguist and inventor, shares with us his insight into reading as an art. He not only addresses such questions as why to read, what to read, and when to read, but also convinces us of the beauty and benefits of reading as an art.The Art of ReadingLin Yutang1 Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and is respected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege. This is easy to understand when we compare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does.2 The man who has not the habit of reading is imprisoned in his immediate world, in respect to time and space. His life falls into a set routine; he is limited to contact and conversation with a few friends and acquaintances, and he sees only what happens in his immediate neighborhood. From this prison there is no escape. But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world, and if it is a good book, he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers of the world. This talker leads him on and carries him into a different country or a different age, or unburdens to him some of his personal regrets, or discusses with him some special line or aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about. An ancient author puts him in communion with a dead spirit of long ago, and as he reads along, he begins to imagine what that ancient author looked like and what type of person he was. Both Mencius and Ssema Ch’ien have expressed the same idea. Now to be able to live two hours out of twelv e in a different world and take one’s thoughts off the claims of the immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their bodily prison.3 Such a change of environment is really similar to travel in its psychological effect. But there is more to it than this. The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person or living through them, and reading about them in books, for then the events always assume the quality of a spectacle and the reader becomes a detached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events. The tremendous amount of time spent on newspapers I regard as not reading at all, for the average readers of papers are mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value.4 The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Sung poet. He said, ―A scholar who hasn’t read anything for three days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own face becomes hateful to look at.‖ What he means, of course, is that reading g ives a man a certain charm and flavor, which is the entire object of reading, and onlyreading with this object can be called an art. One doesn’t read to ―improve one’s mind,‖ because when one begins to think of improving his mind, all the pleasure of read ing is gone. He is the type of person who says to himself: ―I must read Shakespeare, and I must read Sophocles, and I must read the entire Five Foot Shelf of Dr. Eliot, so I can become an educated man.‖ I’m sure that man will never become educated. He will force himself one evening to read Shakespeare’s Hamlet and come away, as if from a bad dream, with no greater benefit than that he is able to say that he has ―read‖Hamlet. Anyone who reads a book with a sense of obligation does not understand the art of reading.5 Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then, according to Huang, the only admissible kind of reading. This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted as something other than physical beauty. W hat Huang means by ―hateful to look at‖ is not physical ugliness. As for flavor of speech, it all depends on one’s way of reading. Whether one has ―flavor‖ or not in his talk, depends on his method of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing.6 Hence I consider flavor or taste as the key to all reading. It necessarily follows that taste is selective and individual, like the taste for food. The most hygienic way of eating is, after all, eating what one likes, for then one is sure of his digestion. In reading as in eating, what is one man’s meat may be another’s poison. A teacher cannot force his pupils to like what he likes in reading, and a parent cannot expect his children to have the same tastes as himself. And if the reader has no taste for what he reads, all the time is wasted.7 There can be, therefore, no books that one absolutely must read. For our intellectual interests grow like a tree or flow like a river. So long as there is proper sap, the tree will grow anyhow, and so long as there is fresh current from the spring, the water will flow. When water strikes a cliff, it just goes around it; when it finds itself in a pleasant low valley, it stops and meanders there a while; when it finds itself in a deep mountain pond, it is content to stay there; when it finds itself traveling over rapids, it hurries forward. Thus, without any effort or determined aim, it is sure of reaching the sea some day. There are no books in this world that everybody must read, but only books that a person must read at a certain time in a given place under given circumstances and at a given period of his life. I rather think that reading, like matrimony, is determined by fate or yinyuan. Even if there is a certain book that every one must read, there is a time for it. When one’s thoughts and experience have not reached a certain point for reading a masterpiece, the masterpiece will leave only a badflavor on his palate. Confucius said, ―When one is fifty, one may read the Book of Changes,‖ which means that one should not read it at forty-five. The extremely mild flavor of Confucius’ own sayings in The Analects and his mature wisdom cannot be appreciated until one becomes mature himself.8 Furthermore, the same reader reading the same book at different periods gets a different flavor out of it. For instance, we enjoy a book more after we have had a personal talk with the author himself, or even after having seen a picture of his face, and one gets again a different flavor sometimes after one has broken off friendship with the author. A person gets a kind of flavor from reading the Book of Changes at forty, and gets another kind of flavor reading it at fifty, after he has seen more changes in life. Therefore, all good books can be read with profit and renewed pleasure a second time.9 Reading, therefore, is an act consisting of two sides, the author and the reader. The net gain comes as much from the reader’s contribution through his own insight and experience as from the author’s own. I regard the discovery of one’s favorite author as the most critical event in one’s intellectual development. There is such a thing as the affinity of spirits, and among the authors of ancient and modern times, one must try to find an author whose spirit is akin with his own. Only in this way can one get any real good out of reading.▇课⽂参考译⽂读书的艺术林语堂1 读书或书籍的享受素来被视为有修养的⽣活上的⼀种雅事，⽽在⼀些不⼤有机会享受这种权利的⼈们看来，这是⼀种值得尊重和妒忌的事。
新世纪大学英语综合教程2课文7
What Does Teamwork Really MeanSharon Saw1)In many job interviews, a common question is whether the interviewee is a "teamplayer". More often than not(unless the interviewee is particularly stupid, or maybe particularly honest but doesn't want the job), he or she will say "yes". But what does being a team player really meanOn the most basic level, a team player is someone who can work within a group of people. This group is a number of people greater than one. Even if there are only two people in the group, they can be called a "team". Therefore it is anessential requirement of any employment that any potential employee is a team player. On a deeper level, a team player is someone who can play a role in the team, to achieve and support the goals set and agreed upon by the team. The simplestanalogy tothe corporate team would be a sports team. There are two main aims of the football team. One is to score goals and the other is to prevent the opposition team from scoring. In football, there are eleven players per side, and almost the same number ofplayers in reserve. There are also other vital members of the team in the background, such as the coach, the doctor, etc.Every member of the team has a very specific role - as acaptain, goalkeeper, striker, midfielder or defender. Every member of the team is vital tothe success of the team. If there is one player missing, the team is handicapped. If one player does not perform to the best of his or her ability, the team is handicapped.The captain is there to give direction to the team, in strategy, motivation and inspiration. But he or she also has to play as part of the team. Egos do not play any part in teamwork. If one's ego gets in the way, such as if one player wants to score a goal and be a hero, he or she may take rash actions instead of maybe letting another person score or helping to create the opportunity to score.Similarly in the corporate world, each company has its clearly defined goals. Usually these are not as easily specified as in a football match. And it is the job of every employee to ensure that these goals are met. Every member of the corporate team should have specific roles and responsibilities in view of achieving these goals.There can only be one captain of the company, and he or she should be responsible for giving leadership and guidance to the team members. The leader should alsocontinuously communicate the overall business strategy, as well as providing motivation and inspiration to the team. The leader has to have the loyalty of the team. If the team is not loyal or has no respect for the leader, the members of the team will not listen to the captain and the objectives of the company would not be achieved.In every action of the team, the objectives of the company, and / or, business strategy, MUST be first and foremost. The success of the team relies completely on every member of the team carrying out their roles and responsibilities in line with the direction of theleader. There has to be a "oneness" of the corporate culture. There is no room in the company for anyone who does not share the same corporate goals or objectives.Being a team player does not mean that you do not have any ideas of your own. It does not mean you should always agree with the rest of the team. It does not mean that you should merely follow the herd. There are times when your vision may differ from the vision of the company, the leader or the rest of the team. It may be a valid vision and if you believe in it strongly enough, you should share it with the rest of the team. Your idea may complement the corporate objectives and goals. Or it may not. If the leader isa competent one, he or she will assess it on itsmerits and not let ego get in theway. However, should the team not agree with your vision, don't take it personally.They may find the idea inappropriate, not YOU personally. Don't take it as a sign of personal rejection. A good leader should be able to communicate this to a team member, but if he or she doesn't, and it turns out as appearing to be a rebuff, don't lose heart. If the team found YOU inappropriate, you would be the first to know. If your leader or team members see that you can handle rejection of your ideas in a mature manner, it is only to your own credit.Don't be afraid to offer new ideas even seemingly crazy ones. Everyone in the team should feel free to offer ideas and not worry about them being dismissed. Usually when ideas are not taken up, people may take it as a personal rejection. Don't. Just accept it, and move on. There is work to be done.The pleasure of working in an environment where every member of the team is a team player is unparalleled. If you are not enjoying your working environment, chances are high thatyour team is also not working well. Ask yourself this:Are you a team playerAre your own objectives in line with those of the teamAre your team objectives in line with those of the company If not, why not。
新世纪大学英语1--Unit 7课文详解
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
Do you think that interpersonal skills are very important at school and at work? Please share us your opinions.
Kang Min
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
Parts
Main Ideas
The rise of the issue: people’s complaints about others’ not listening; the possible consequences of the problem. The analysis of the reasons for the failure in communication: misunderstanding resulting from poor listening. How we can be good listeners. Conclusion: restatement of the importance of listening.
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak.
-------- Epictetus
A Greek Stoic（禁欲主义）philosopher Question for U: Do you agree with Epictetus? State your reasons.
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7.2 Resume
• • • • • Functions Basic Structure Types and Format Writing a Successful Resume Sample ResumesLeabharlann Basic Structure
1. Personal Data 2. Career Objective 3. Education 4. Experience 5. Specialization and Achievements) 6. Memberships 7. Publications 8. References
Academic Degree
• A.B. or B. A. (Bachelor of Arts) 文学士 • B.B.A. (Bachelor of Business Administration) 商务 管理学士 • B. S. B. A. (Bachelor of Science in Business Administration) 工商管理学士 • B. S. / B. Sc. (Bachelor of Science) 理学士 • Ed. B. (Bachelor of Education) 教育学学士 • Litt. B. (Bachelor of Literature or of Letters) 文学士 • LL. B. (Bachelor of Laws) 法学士 • M. B. (Bachelor of Medicine) 医学士
(1) The Structure of Letters (2) The Format of Letters (3) Types and Features (4) Models of Practical Letters
(1) The Structure of Letters
1. Heading 2. Dateline 3. Inside Address 4. Salutation 5. Body 6. Complimentary Close 7. Signature 8. Enclosure 9. Postscript 10. Envelope
Career Objective
• Objective: To obtain an entry-level secretarial position, which offers development opportunity for a career as administrative secretary. • Objective: Position in Interior Design and Architectural firm that utilizes theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in design.
(2) The Format of Letters
• • • • Block Format 齐头式 Modified Block Format 变体齐头式 Semi-Block Format 折中式 Indented Format 锯齿式
(3)Types and Features
• Business Letters • Personal Letters
(4) Models of Practical Letters
1. Letter of Invitation 2. Letter of Congratulations 3. Letter of Thanks 4. Letters of Apology 5. Letters of Recommendation 6. Letters of Application
Academic Degree
• • • • • • • • • • • A.M. / M. A. (Master of Arts) 文科硕士 Ed. M. (Master of Education) 教育学硕士 LL.M. (Master of Laws) 法学硕士 M. B. A. (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士 M.E. (Master of Engineering) 工程学硕士 M.M.E. (Master of Mechanical Engineering) 机械工程学硕士 M.M.Sc. (Master of Medical Science) 医学硕士 M. P. A. (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士 M. P. H. (Master of Public Health) 公共卫生硕士 M. S. / M. Sc. (Master of Science) 理学硕士 Phar. M. (Master of Pharmacy) 药学硕士
• I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience. • Please bring my best wishes to your family. • With my best wishes/regards. ! • I wish every success for your career in the future. • I shall appreciate hearing from you again. • Wish you a speedy recovery. • Hope you have a good time. • Wish you a pleasant journey!
Chapter 7
ENGLISH PRACTICAL WRITING
English Practical Writing
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Letters Resume Personal Statement Writings for Daily Use Note-taking
7.1 Letters
Useful Expressions
• • • • It is great to hear from you again. How are you getting along with your life? I hope that things are going well with you. Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you! • You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter. • Thank you for the expressions of joy at my recent promotion in office.