商务英语作业
商务英语作业
Page84:1、We do hope the business will be conducive to extending your market2、We require D/P as a rule, but in consideration of our long cooperation, we agree D/A paymentproposed by you.3、We believe that you will agree to pay by D/P as a accommodation, which will help us to pushthe sales of your products.4、If the amount of each transaction involved is less than USD$2，000, D/P payment can beadopted.5、We would like to buy on the basis of T/T since we note your good credit position6、To promote future business, the payment terms we required has greatly facilitated thetransaction for you.7、As you know that L/C will cost us more expense, would you kind enough to accept draft atsight and we shall not take it as a precedent.8、If you can't be more flexible, we will in no case accept your terms of paymentPage91:1、They have been urging us to open the relative L/C for 2000 dozens pencils recently.2、With the approach of the delivery date, please apply for establishment of your L/C as soon aspossible.3、We invite you attention to the fact that relative L/C has been established through Bank of Chinain London, we await for your delivery of the goods in time.4、You should be responsible for the extra charges arising from delay of L/C.5、The date of shipment is approaching, we should be grateful if you will open an L/C in our favoras soon as possible.6、Please try your best to open the L/C by return and reach us at the end of this month so as to shipin time.7、The goods have already been bought from the manufacturer for our account.8、They pressed for opening an L/C at sight with 5 days.Page97:1、Please amend the foregoing L/C to read piece length in $5000 instead of $500.2、Please amend the credit according to the stipulation of the contract.3、Direct steamer from here to your port are few and between, we suggest transshipment.4、We find that the amount of your L/C is insufficient, because the premiums for Dark and Specialcolors are not included therein. Therefore, please increase the amount of the L/C to $56,800.00.5、Please insert “about”before the amount of L/C. All other terms and conditionsremainunchanged.6、In conformity with your request, we have amended the relative L/C to allow transshipment.7、Please instruct your bank to make necessary amendments to the L/C at the earliest convenience.8、On perusal we made necessary amendments to the L/C.Page:1031、As the equipment in the factory need maintaining, please extend the delivery date in the L/C toFeb, 2006.2、On account of the small trouble on part of the factory, please agree to an extension to the end ofJanuary.3、As requested in your letter of 10 April, we have advised the bank to extend the L/C to 31October.4、As we cannot obtain the shipping space, we would like to have the delivery date and validity ofL/C extended to 10 April and 25th April respectively.5、Please extend the L/C as soon as possible to enable us to ship the goods duly.6、Extension of L/C has been received and the goods have been shipped on board “DongFeng”sailing to your port on or about 20th October.7、We shall appreciate it if you could grant our request of extension.8、The buyer can apply to the opening bank for extension of L/C.。
商务英语3作业（新）
商务英语3作业（新）商务英语（3）作业1(Units 1-4)本作业由四部分组成，第一部分：交际用语；第二部分：词汇语法；第三部分：阅读理解；第四部分：写作。
建议在90分钟内完成本作业。
写作部分要求写在给定的位置上。
每次作业满分为100分。
一、交际用语（每题2分，共10分）1-5题：阅读下面的小对话，选择恰当的答案。
1. ----Morning Maggie. Could you talk briefly about your career development?----_________________.A. Good morning, Mr. Marx. I’m going to do a brief about my latest work and performance.B. Sure, Mr. Marx. Thanks for giving me this opportunity I started as a clerk in t his company…C. Sorry, Mr. Marx, but I don’t like my boss at all. I think he is too serious and critical.2. ----Kathy, I’d like you to meet Maggie Jacobs.----_____________, Maggie. You’re doing a great job.A. I’m pleased to meet youB. It’s great to see you againC. I’m happy to meet you too3. ----Good morning. ___________?----Good morning! I need a check to send to my publisher in New York.A. What can I do for you, MadamB. What do you want to buy, MadamC. Why do you come here, Madam4. ----What are they? _________ ?----It’s a secret. But I’ll give you some hints, anyway.A. Is it a secretB. Can I have an idea about themC. Why do you keep it a secret5. ----But ________ by SWOT?----It stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.A. what do you meanB. how do you knowC. what is your meaning答案：1. B2. A3. A4. B5. A讲评：1．这组对话是问候用语，根据英语的表达习惯选择B。
国际商务英语+考核作业
综合试题综合试题1I．Translate the following words and expressions (10%)(ⅰ) From English into Chinese1. manufactured goods 制成品2. protectionist measures 保护措施3. securities exchange 证劵交易4. comparative 比较优势5. Gross National Product 国民生产总值(ⅱ) From Chinese into English6. 最惠国待遇Most-Favored Nation Treatment7. 宽限期grace period8. 不可以撤销信用证irrevocable letters of credit9. 运输单据transportation documents,10. 金边债券gilt bondⅡ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right (5%)11. compulsory a. policy to restrict imports ( d )12. trade barriers b. unit cost getting low with the increasing of quantity. ( a )13. specialization c. products produced with efficiency ( c )14. trade terms d. something must have be done ( e )15. economics of scale: e. trade rules set by ICC ( b )Ⅲ. Make brief explanations of the following terms in English (20%) 16. quotaquota: the limited quantities or value of imports made by government for consideration to protect domestic industries.17. PPPPPP: purchasing power parity, a decisive factor for the change of exchange rate.18. deregulationderegulation: government lowers or abolishes some restrictive domestic or foreign economic policies and make the economic activity develop more freely.19. infrastructureinfrastructure: large-scale public services such as transportation, communication equipments.20. indemnityindemnity: a basic idea in all branches of insurance that the insured should be in the same position after a loss as he was before it, neither richer nor poorer as a result of loss.Ⅳ. Fill in each of the following blanks with an appropriate words (10% )Differs, Which, predecessor, mechanism. In one word, one, permanent, services, settle , World BankInstead of being a mere replacement of GATT, the WTO 21__differs__ from its22 __predecessor___ in several prominent dimension. Firstly, as the name suggests, he GATT is only an agreement, or more exactly an interim secretariat, 23__In one word__an organization entity in the true sense, while WTO is a full-fledged 24__permanent__organization. Secondly WTO has a much broader mandate promoting trade liberalization of goods and 25__services__.Thirdly, the WTO has established far greater enforcement powers to 26__settle__ trade frictions among member countries, 27__Which__is called dispute settlement 28__mechanism__.WTO has become 29__one__ of important three international economic organizations. The others two are 30.__World Bank__ and International Monetary Funds.Ⅴ. Translate the following into English (25%)31. 及时库存制源于日本，现在已经被很多国家企业采纳。
商务英语练习题（附参考答案）
以下答案仅供参考,不一定正确,I Translate the following terms into Chinese or English.II Listening.III Reading Comprehension.Look at the advertisement below. It shows a list of workshops offered by a training company. For questions 1-6, decide which workshop (A-H) each person should attend.WORKSHOPSA classifying consumersB communications with customersC factors in setting pricing levelsD how to encourage repeat businessE making a cashflow forecastF measuring consumer response to marketingG producing financial statements of past performanceH researching potential markets1. Julia wants to know how to calculate the amount she can charge customers for her marketing consultancy services.(C)2. Roger's company wants to give him responsibility for his firm's annual profit-and-loss account and balance sheet.(G)3. Paolo needs to be able to assess the effect on sales following his company's recent product promotions.(F)4. Zhon Mei's company wants her to learn to divide the market into groups, which it can target with different brands.(A)5. Valerrija needs a course on working out how much money her firm can expect to have available each month. (E)Look at the contents page below. It shows the titles of eight different sections of a business directory. For questions 1-5, decide which section of the directory (A-H) each person should look at.Do not use any letter more than once.ContentsA Computer Printers-service and repairsB Computer Systems and Software-salesC Computer Training ServicesD Corporate Entertainment ProvidersE Courier ServicesF Employment and Recruitment AgenciesG Exhibition and Trade Fair Organizers-national and internationalH Office Furniture1.Sally’s MD wants to reorganize the office because of a new computer system, so Sally is researching computer desks for him.(H)2.Frank wants to involve recruits to his website company in a day of social activities in order to encourage team-building.(F)3.Alexandra runs a successful international translation agency and she thinks her computers need upgrading because her database is now so large.(B)4.David has received some brochures from the printers and he needs to get them delivered to an exhibition centre quickly.(E)5.Sue is setting up a company magazine and wants all the new staff involved to become skilled at desktop publishing.(C)Read the article below about a successful business partnership. For each question, choose the correct answer.PARTNERS IN SUCCESSPhil Brook and Sean Williams are friends who set up a company in 1997 providing finance to companies making IT purchases. Their firm, Syscap, now turns over $ 120m a year.'I'm an extrovert, so selling fits my character,' explains Phil Brook. ' I started selling photocopiers, and it didn't take me long to achieve the agreed sales target. Then, in 1994, I realised the IT industry was about to explode, and I decided to try and sell IT. I met a guy who was setting up as a computer re-seller, and I worked for him for three years, expanding his company to a turnover of $3-$4m. We were among only a few people selling computer systems on lease, so we were attractive to reps offering finance. There was this guy from CTL Bank called Sean Williams who rang us dozens of times, trying to sell me IT finance. I was already getting finance from somebody else, but he kept to calling. That impressed me - I thought, if he's any good, maybe I'll recruit him.'Sean Williams adds, ' When we finally met, we went out to lunch and became firm friends. I thought Phil was fun, and we had similar interests. The next day, we did a deal together, and I provided him with all the finance he needed. Then he realised, and I soon agreed, that there was a big opportunity to do independently what I was already doing for the bank. So he left his job and established Syscap. It took me a while to decide to join him, because I was among the top salespeople nationally at my bank, and my future was planned. But I knew when I did that is was商务英语练习题the right decision. I knew we had the same ideas about work. When you work hard, you get there, whether you're good or not. It's like golf. The more you practise, the luckier you get. With us, the more times we picked up the phone, the more deals we made. The business soon took off enormously. I've always had big ambitions, but I didn't expect it to become as big as this.'Phil thinks that the next few years look promising. ' The competition in this trade is weak,' he says, ' so I believe we can turn this into a $1bn company. People in our industry find it amazing that Sean and I still get on so well after all this time. But I'm glad we do . It's our partnership that makes the job fun.'6. Phil stopped selling photocopiers because heA was unable to meet the sales targets.B recognized an opportunity in another field.C became aware of their limited market potential.7. Why did Phil agree to meet Sean?A He liked the way Sean did not give up trying.B He thought they would have a lot of common interests.C He needed someone to provide IT finance for his clients.8. Why did Sean not join Phil immediately at Syscap?A He had doubts about the profitability of the venture.B He was unsure about giving up an established career.C He was afraid that working together would damage their friendship.9. In what way does Sean believe that business is like golf?A You cannot achieve your goals without taking risks.B To do well, you need a combination of ability and ambition.C If you do something enough times, you'll eventually be successful.10. Sean says he is surprised thatA he and Phil are still good friends.B their company has been so successful.C more people do not set up their own businesses.11. What makes Phil confident about their company's future growth?A the strength of the friendship they haveB being in a commercial field which is rapidly expandingC having few serious challengers for their position in the marketplaceRead the minutes below from a Health and Safety committee meeting. Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A,B,C.Minutesnumbers of party members and cadres in the course of two, should beLightingStaff are complaining about the poor lighting in the main office. The secretary of the committee recently obtained quotes (12)......... new lighting, (13)......... we passed to the management board. The committee is (14) .......... waiting for (15)........... decision. We are hoping the board will let us (16).......... within the next few weeks.New Drinks MachineOf the three types of machine we looked at, Maxcup appeared to be the best option. The committee now has to find a new (17)..........., as our current machine causes problems near the fire exit (18).......... several people use the machine at the same time. It was decided to put (19)...... taking the decision, and we expect to have enough information (20)......... the end of the month.Conference AttendanceJohn (21)..... to be away at the conference from 1st to 8th of next month. Rebecca has agreed to assist us in his (22).......... John has a useful list of contacts in (23)............ to help her research new safety equipment.Next committee meeting: 16th March.12. A. from B. for C.of13. A.what B.when C.which14. A.still B.yet C.already15. A.your B.our C.their16. A.known B.knowing C.know17. A.location B.size C.design18. A.whether B.unless C.if19. A.through B.off C.up20. A.by B.until C.on21. A.believes B.thinks C.expects22. A.leave B.absence C.departure23. A.time B.order C.caseRead the memos below. Complete the conference booking form. Write a word or phrase or a number on lines 24-28 .HARRIS & GALWAY LTDMEMOTo:Tony MossFrom:Olivia GrangerDate:10 MaySubject:Conference bookingPlease let me have details of the conference you're organising, as I need to book a venue asap. Last year, the event was held in the Red Room at the Grand Hotel. Are you planning to use the same hotel again? If not, you could try the Regal Hotel. The food is excellent, and rooms are available between 3 and 9 August. Are you invoicing the Marketing Department for this?numbers of party members and cadres in the course of two, should be商务英语练习题HARRIS & GALWAY LTDMEMOTo:Olivia Granger, MarketingFrom:Dan Ottoman, SalesDate:11 MaySubject:Conference bookingTony is not in the office this week and he has asked me to tell you that the dates have changed from 3-5 August to 7-9 August. He's not planning to use the Grand — the hot meals and the service there were terrible. He is going to use your suggestion — he's heard it's a good hotel. He'd like to book a buffet lunch. Our department is paying for the event this year.HARRIS & GALWAY LTDCONFERENCE BOOKING FORMConference organiser (full name):(24)....TONY MOSS........................Venue requested:(25).REGAL HOTEL..........................Date(s) required:(26).7-9 AUGUST...........................Catering requirements:(27)BUFFET LUNCH...........................Department to invoice:(28)MARKETING DEPARTMENT...........................Read the advertisement and the memo below. Complete the form. Write a word or phrase or a number on lines 24-28 .THE ELECTRONIC WHITEBOARDmade by Rigley- Turner LimitedKeep a record of your whiteboard notes without any effort: push a button at the base of the board and a copy is printed out within seconds. The new portable version is lighter than a notebook computer, and fits in the boot of a car.numbers of party members and cadres in the course of two, should beIV Writing. (10'+16'=26')Sapient Communications LimitedMEMOTo:Laura WellsFrom;Sandra CookeDate:26 March 2010Subject:Electronic WhiteboardLaura, these look useful for us in Quality Control. I'd really like the portable, but we'd better ask for the cheapest one. I need it by 10th of next month for the presentation on 15th. Can you fill out a request form in my name and get it to the Purchasing department?Request form for purchase of equipmentRequested by (full name):(24).SANDRA COOKE........................... Department :(25)..QUALITY CONTROL.......................... Equipment requested :Electronic WhiteboardType:(26).DESK SIZE...........................Supplier :(27)...RIGLEY-TURNER LIMITED......................... Date required by:(28).10 TH (2010)。
商务英语范文通用14篇
商务英语范文第一篇Dear Mr. XXX,We learn from ABC Co. ltd., New York that you are a leading exporter in your country. We are, at present, very much interested in importing your goods and would appreciate your sending us catalogue, sample books or even samples if possible.Please give us detailed information on CIF Guangzhou prices, discounts, and terms of payment.Should there be any items new to the . market, kindly let us know and send samples if available.We hope this will be a good start for a long and profitable business relation, and we assure you of our close attention to your offers.Sincerely,商务英语范文第二篇TuesdayDear Xiao Wang:I wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days. Now I am translating some important articles. There are many new words which I have to look up the dictionary usually. I just have a paper dictionary but of course it’s not as convenient as the electronic one, which has a bad effect upon my velocity of my translating. So I think your electonic dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work. I promise that I must be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it. Thank you very much!Yours everSam商务英语范文第三篇Replying to an enquiry Ex 7: Sample answer: (219words)Dear Mr ZampieriWith reference to your letter dated 14 June, in which you requested information about A Cut Above, please find enclosed details about our company and the services we offer.Our aim is always to provide our clients with the best combination of food, entertainment and location. By choosing A Cut Above, you can relax and enjoy your special occasion while we do all the work. Events catered for by A Cut Above include corporate functions such asconversations and Christmas balls and also family celebrations such as birthdays, weddings and anniversaries.A Cut Above offers a variety of services from simply providing a gourmet menu to helping you choose the right venue and organise entertainment. We specialise in using our experience to meet your needs. To help us achieve this aim, we always arrange a meeting with a new client well before the date of any event in order to discuss the various possibilities.As you can appreciate, we are unable to give quotations before our initial briefing with a client as price per head varies with the choice of menu.To arrange a meeting or for any further information, please do not hesitate to contact myself or Elena Polidoro on 01623 713698.A Cut Above looks forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerelySinead Welsh商务英语范文第四篇good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september. now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX major is packaging i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with an ease.And i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides, i have attend several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company. through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry. compared to developed countries such as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have full confidence in a bright future if only our economy can keep the growth pace still.I guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won\'t give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education. i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of p&p, my character?I cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident. sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my classmates, almost talk everything ,my favorite pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online. through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment. by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club. i had a few glorious memory on stage. that is my pride.商务英语范文第五篇Good afternoon .I am of great hornor to stand here and introduce myself to you .First ofall ,my english name is ...and my chinese name is ..If you are going to have a jobinterview ,you must say much things which can show your willness to this job ,such as ,it is my long cherished dream to be .and I am eager to get an opportunity to do...and then give some examples which can give evidence to .then you can say something about your hobbies .and it is best that the hobbies have something to do with the job.What is more important is do not forget to communicate with the interviewee,keeping a smile and keeping your talks interesting and funny can contribute to the success.I hope you will give them a wonderful speech .Good luck to you !商务英语范文第六篇DearThank you for your comments.A copy of your letter has been forwarded to the author for his response. I am sure you will be hearing from him in the near future. I am pleased that you found our article informative and hope that you will continue to read our publication. Should you have any comments or questions in the future,please do not hesitate to write to this office.We value our readership and are proud to have you as a member of our family of subscribers. 商务英语范文第七篇GUARANTEEFOR VALUE RECEIVED， the undersigned hereby guarantee absolutely and payment of the within Note and agree to pay all cost of collection，legal expenses and attorneys\' fees，incurred or paid by the holder of the within Note in the collectionand/or enforcement of said Note and the enforcement of this Guaranty.No renewal orextension of said Note， no release orsurrender of any security for said Note or this Guaranty，no release of any person primarily or secondarily liable onsaidNote(including any maker， endorser or guarantor)，no delay inthe enforcement of payment of said Note or this Guaranty and no delay oromission in exercising any right or power under said Note on this Guarantyshall affect the liability of any of the undersinged hereunder. The waives presentment， protest，demand， notice of dishonor ordefault，notice of acceptanceof this Guaranty and notice of any kind with respect to said Note or this Guarantyor the performance of the obligation under said Note or Guaranty.________________________(SEAL)________________________(SEAL)商务英语范文第八篇DearEveryone here at [name of firm] was saddened to learn of [name of employee] sudden illness.We know that this came on without any warning and while the proceeds from the group policy insurance coverage will defray a substantial amount of the medical costs， you may have need for some additional financial assistance to see you through this difficult time.Please do not hesitate to call on us if you need our assistance in this area. We consider [name of employee] to be one of our most valuable employees and a fine individual as well and would be most appreciative if you will let him know that we are all thinking of him商务英语范文第九篇DearThis is to inform youthat we have carefully reviewed your estimate on the parking lotrefurbishing. We are planning to contract with you for this work.We are unable to letthis contract immediately， as finalapproval of expenditures of this nature must come from the head office in NewYork.DearWe have received yourletter acknowledging receipt of the items we mailed to you and noticing us tocancel shipment of your order for those items which are back ordered.We will be issuing youa refund as soon as we have completed the necessary paperwork for your account.We would like to takethis opportunity to thank you for shopping through [name] Our new [specify] catalogshould be arriving at your home shortly， and I believe you will be pleased by some of the beautiful choicesour buyers have made this season.Thank you for yourpatience and understanding and for providing us with the opportunity to be ofservice to you.商务英语范文第十篇DearThank you for yourorder. At this time we cannot fill your order due to an unexpectedshipment delay from our overseas suppliers.We will hold yourorder for arrival of the merchandise， and ship shortly thereafter. Unfortunately， we cannot provide you with a specific shipping date at this time.Thank you for youranticipated patience in this matter.商务英语范文第十一篇Dear Sir: June 15, 2001We have discussed your offer of 5% and accept it on the terms quoted. We are prepared to give your product a trial, provided you can guarantee delivery on or before the 20th of September. The enclosed order is given strictly on this condition. We reserve the right of refusal of delivery and/or cancellation of the order after this date.Truly商务英语范文第十二篇Electronic mail,or e-mail for short,is an entirely new way of communication by means of fast,inexpensive,highly efficient and convenient,e-mail is so popular in developed countries that it is difficult to imagine modern life without it.Nowadays, millions of computers all over the world have been connected to form a global network called can send or receive by e-mail a variety of information and documents such as letters,papers, video and audio files to anyone in over 170 countries in a short harriers are not a problem, because internet software is capable of translating your mail into whatever language you want. you can also store,,edit,compile and search your e-maih most importantly,e-mail helps us overcome space and time limitations in communication.With the rapidly growing popularity of computers and the fast expansion of the information highway,wider and wider applications of internet e-mail will be developed and e-mail will soon become an indispensable means of communication.商务英语范文第十三篇Dear Mr ZampieriWith reference to your letter dated 14 June, in which you requested information about A Cut Above, please find enclosed details about our company and the services we offer.Our aim is always to provide our clients with the best possible combination of food, entertainment and location. By choosing A cut Above, you can relax and enjoy your special occasion while we do all the work. Events catered for by A cut Above include corporate functions such as conventions and Christmas balls and also family celebrations such as birthdays, weddings and anniversaries.A Cut Above offers a variety of services from simply providing a gourmet menu to helping you choose the right venue and organise entertainment. We specialise in using our experienceto meet your nees. To help us achieve this aim, we always arrange a meeting with a new client well before the date of any event in order to discuss the various possibilities.As you can appreciate, we are unable to give quotations before our initial briefing with a client as price per head vaires with choice of menu.To arrange a meeting or for any further information, please do not hesitate to contact myself or Elena Polidoro on 0123 4578.A Cut Above look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerelySinead Walsh商务英语范文第十四篇Gentlemen：This is to inform you that we are unable to make delivery on the above referenced purchase order on the date indicated.We should have our merchandise ready to ship within 10 days of the original delivery date and we hope that you can hold off until that time.We did want to inform you of this delay as soon we were advised in order to give you as much time as possible to make alternate arrangements， if necessary. We can assure you，however， that if your order remains in force we will expedite delivery to you as soon as we have received the merchandise.Please accept our apology for this delay and thank you for your understanding.。
《商务英语》作业答案
《商务英语》作业1.请将以下信件翻译成英文：敬爱的托马斯先生：您是我们关系最持久的业务伙伴之一，我们非常重视这八年来的合作关系。
我将到美国，并将于11月18日上午10点到您的写字楼拜访，商谈毛绒玩具的价格。
我希望能尽快见到您。
此致，鲍勃分值：25Dear Mr.Thomas,As you are one of our oldest and most regular partners, we greatly appreciate our cooperation for the past 8 years. I will go to the United States and call at your office at 10 a.m. on November 16. At that time, I will negotiate with you about the price of the stuffed toys.Sincerely yours,Bob2.请用英语描述国际贸易理论有哪些? 分值：25【International Trade Theories】【Adam Smith's model】Adam Smith displays trade taking place on the basis of countries exercising absolute advantage over one another.【Ricardian model】The Ricardian model focuses on comparative advantage, which arises due to differences in technology or natural resources. The Ricardian model does not directly consider factor endowments, such as the relative amounts of labor and capital within a country.【Heckscher–Ohlin model】In the early 1900s a theory of international trade was developed by two Swedish economists, Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin. This theory has subsequently been known as the Heckscher–Ohlin model (H–O model). The results of the H–O model are that countries will produce and export goods that require resources (factors) which are relatively abundant and import goods that require resources which are in relative short supply.【New Trade Theory】New Trade Theory tries to explain empirical elements of trade that comparative advantage-based models above have difficulty with. These include the fact that most trade is between countries with similar factor endowment and productivity levels, and the large amount of multinational production (i.e., foreign direct investment) that exists.Gravity model：The Gravity model of trade presents a more empirical analysis of trading patterns. The gravity model, in its basic form, predicts trade based on the distance between countries and the interaction of the countries' economic sizes. The model mimics the Newtonian law of gravity which also considers distance and physical size between two objects. The model has been proven to be empirically strong through econometric analysis.【Ricardian theory of international trade (modern development)】The Ricardian theory of comparative advantage became a basic constituent of neoclassical trade theory. Any undergraduate course in trade theory includes a presentation of Ricardo's example of a two-commodity, two-country model. A common representation of this model is made using an Edgeworth Box.【Neo-Ricardian trade theory】The merit of neo-Ricardian trade theory is that input goodsare explicitly included. This is in accordance with Sraffa's idea that any commodity is a product made by means of commodities. The limitation of their theory is that the analysis is restricted to small-country cases.【Ricardo-Sraffa trade theory】Economist John S. Chipman observed in his survey that McKenzie stumbled upon the questions of intermediate products and postulated that "introduction of trade in intermediate product necessitates a fundamental alteration in classical analysis".It took many years until Shiozawa succeeded in removing this deficiency.The Ricardian trade theory was now constructed in a form to include intermediate input trade for the most general case of many countries and many goods. Chipman called this the Ricardo-Sraffa trade theory.【International production fragmentation trade theory】In his chapter entitled Li & Fung, Ltd.: An agent of global production (2001), Cheng used Li & Fung Ltd as a case study in the international production fragmentation trade theory through which producers in different countries are allocated a specialized slice or segment of the value chain of the global production. Allocations are determined based on "technical feasibility" and the ability to keep the lowest final price possible for each product.3.请用英语描述商业环境有哪些？分值：25Social environment is the sum of social material and spiritual conditions in the range of human existence and activities. The broad sense includes the whole social economic culture system, the narrow sense only refers to the direct environment of human life. Divided into different types according to the nature and function of the elements.Production environment refers to the production site in manufacturing locations, including production tooling, gauges, process, materials, operators, environment and process settings, such as: feed, speed, cycle time, pressure, temperature, production line beat.Economic environment is refers to the formation of the enterprise survival and the development of the social economic situation and national economic policies that affect consumers' purchasing ability and spending patterns of the factors, it includes income changes, consumer spending patterns of the changes.Global environment, also known as the earth's environment. All of the lower stratosphere, it covers the atmosphere of the troposphere in the hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere soil. This range is a place where human life and living creatures live and multiply. It is a place where all kinds of resources are available to human beings.4.请回顾电子邮件的写作礼仪，并用英文撰写一封商务电子邮件。
商务英语写作作业
商务英语写作作业第一篇：商务英语写作作业1、I’m in responsibility for answering the phone and receiving our guests ,managing the timetable,and handling files and letters.2、My experience and educational background make me equal to this position.3、Ifyou want to know more and further ,if we both are available.I’d like to have a conversation in person with you in your company.4、I believe that you will agree to my suggestion ,to say the least ,I’m the most competent candidate on this position.5、I strongly believe that I’m that person can satisfy all your requirements.2、108 Long Mian Road,Nanjing JiangsuFebruary 24,2014Mr LiGraduate from high school234Jianai AvenueNanjing,Jiangsu 210002Dear Mr sirsHaving learned that you need stenographers ,I venture to submit this application for the post as stenographer.I graduated from high school,since I get low diploma,how dare I apply for this job?look,since high school, I kept stenographing and typing in evening sch ool.Besides,I’m a well disciplined,highly motivated person with a conscientious heart.I believe that my qualifications will benefit your company.I also have a good relationship,I can handle any problems about PR.my ability is beyond doubt.Ifyou show any interests on me,you can reach me at above address or by phone at ***.I shall appreciate it if you will grant me an interview at your earliest convenience,Thank you in anticipation.Yours sincerely,Ms Wei第二篇：大连理工离线作业《商务英语写作》网络教育学院《商务英语写作》大作业题目：商务英语写作学习中心：层次：专升本专业：工商管理年级： 17年春季学号：学生：辅导教师：完成日期： 18年 6 月 20 日题目二：Part I Translation(10%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.On behalf of the Sunflower Corporation, I would like to thank you for your recent application for the position of IT Supervisor.我谨代表向日葵公司，感谢您最近申请担任IT主管一职。
商务英语写作范文(汇总7篇)
商务英语写作范文1商务英语写作xxx5篇商务英语专业方向主要培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和较系统的'国际商务管理理论知识，具有较强的实践技能，能在外贸、外事、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、管理、教学、研究工作的英语高级专门人才。
写作是上午英语考试中的重要部分，掌握一定的技巧才能取得高分，下面小编为大家整理了商务英语写作的xxx，供大家参考!xxx1DearThank you for yourorder. At this time we cannot fill your order due to an unexpectedshipment delay from our overseas suppliers.We will hold yourorder for arrival of the merchandise， and ship shortly thereafter. Unfortunately， we cannot provide you with a specific shipping date at this time.Thank you for youranticipated patience in this matter.xxx2DearBecause Mr. Jones isout of the office for the next two weeks I am acknowledging receipt of yourletter dated May 20， l983. Itwill be brought to his attention immediately upon his return.If I may be of anyassistance during Mr. Jones' absence，please do not hesitate to callxxx3DearThe [product name and model number] that you mailedto us for repair was received on [date] We will bereturning it to you as soon as the necessary adjustments are made.We are sorry that youexperienced a problem with our product and want to thank you for purchasing a[name of product]xxx4DearThis is to inform youthat we have carefully reviewed your estimate on the parking lotrefurbishing. We are planning to contract with you for this work.We are unable to letthis contract immediately， as finalapproval of expenditures of this nature must come from the head office in NewYork.DearWe have received yourletter acknowledging receipt of the items we mailed to you and noticing us tocancel shipment of your order for those items which are back ordered.We will be issuing youa refund as soon as we have completed the necessary paperwork for your account.We would like to takethis opportunity to thank you for shopping through [name] Our new [specify] catalogshould be arriving at your home shortly， and I believe you will be pleased by some of the beautiful choicesour buyers have made this season.Thank you for yourpatience and understanding and for providing us with the opportunity to be ofservice to you.xxx5DearThank you for yourkind letter regarding your exceptional treatment by one of our employees.A copy of your letter has been forwarded to the personnel department and willbe included in the employee's file.So seldom is it that acustomer takes the time to write a letter of appreciation， that I feel moved to reward your initiative.Please accept theenclosed certificate， which， when presented， will entitlethe bearer to a ten percent discount on the merchandise being purchased at thattime.This is but a smalltoken of our appreciation of customers such as you， upon whose satisfaction we have been allowed to grow and prosper inthis highly competitive marketplace. Again， on behalf of our entire organization， a heart-felt thank you.商务英语写作范文2商务英语写作xxx英语写作在商务英语考试中是必不可少的，要特别注意格式，下面是小编整理出来的x xx，供大家参考!xxx一：The headhunting process (234words)Dear Mr JacobsI am writing to apply to the position of Sales Adviser for the North East Region which was advertised in Herald International yesterday.Although I am currently working in the Marketing Department of a large multinational, I would appreciate to work for a rapidly expanding young company such as yours.As you can see from my enclosed CV, I obtained an honours degree in Sales and Marketing from Nottingham University in 1994. I thoroughly enjoyed the six months I spent in working in Boots plc as pert of the course. During this time I gained invaluable insights into the nature of sales. After leaving university I initially spent time working for a small local firm before finding my current job and I feel that I am more suited to the dynamics and varied demands of a smaller firm.Not only has my experience familiarised me with the challenges faced by the industry today but, having been brought up in the north east, I know the region, its problems and its undoubted potential. As a result, I feel that I would be able to relate to your customers on both a professional and a personal level.I am available for interview from 15 September and would be pleased to discuss my CV in more detail then,I look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerelyXXXxxx二：Report writing (235words)Reassessment of job satisfaction: Sue Pearson(PR Dept.)IntroductionThis report sets out to use Workset colours to assess the accuracy of my job description as PR officer and to suggest a number of changes.FindingsIt is clear that there is a difference between the way the company views the job and the reality as I perceive it. Firstly, a number of areas which demand a significant proportion of my time are not mentioned in the official job brief. The segment on the pie chart which provides most cause for concern is the pink sector; this relates to my attendance at a number of meetings which I can contribute little. Another significant area is the grey segment; this refers to the unscheduled time I spend sorting out computer problems. I feel these activities are hampering my core work. As can be seen from the pie charts, the time I spend actively working to meet the goals agreed with my line manager is less than envisaged.ConclusionsThe above discrepancies clearly indicate that my current job brief is inaccurate. RecommendationsI would recommend that my official job brief should be updated using the Workset colours. It would also be valuable to consider the proportion of non-core colours in the pie chart and to investigate whether work in these areas could be carried out by someone else more suited to these tasks.商务英语写作范文32017年商务英语写作xxx商务英语写作是一种商务沟通手段，但是又与传统意义的.写作有着显著的差异。
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Follow-up Practice1.Review and discussion questions1)What are trade terms? Why are they used ininternational trade?2)What are the differences between FOB and CFR?2.Give the full names of the following terms and thenmatch the trade terms under Incoterms 2000 with their Chinese equivalents.a. EXW( ) 1. 船边交货b. FAS( ) 2 运费付至c. FCA( ) 3 目的港船上交货d. FOB ( ) 4 未完税交货e. CFR ( ) 5 工厂交货f. CIF ( ) 6 货交承运人g. CPT ( )7 运费、保险费付至h. CIP ( ) 8 装运港船上交货i. DAF ( ) 9 成本加运费j. DES ( ) 10 目的港码头交货k. DEQ ( ) 11 完税后交货l. DDU ( ) 12 边境交货m. DDP ( ) 13 成本、保险费加运费3. Describe the differences and similarities of the following three trade terms and complete the table below.4.Choose the right answer from each of the following.1)Incoterms are a standard set of terms andabbreviations developed by __________.A.the International Law AssociationB.the International Chamber of CommerceC.the United Nations Conference on Trade andDevelopmentD.the United Nations Commission on InternationalTrade Law2)In the international trade practices regarding tradeterms, which of the following is the most influencial and widely used?A.Hague RulesB.Warsaw-Oxford RulesC.Revised Amercian Foreign Trade Defenitions 1941D.Incoterms3)Incoterms 2000 includes ________ trade terms.A. 6B. 12C. 13D. 144) As far as risks taken by the seller are concerned, ___________.A. CIF is bigger than CFRB. CIF is as the same as CFRC. CFR is bigger than CIFD. FOB is bigger than CFR5) The term FOB should be followed by ________.A. point of originB. port of importationC. port of dischargeD. port of exportation6) The term CIF should be followed by_________.A. point of originB. port of shipmentC. port of destinationD. port of exportation7) The term CFR should be followed by _________.A. point of originB. port of shipmentC. port of destinationD. port of exportation8) The term EXW should be followed by __________.A. point of originB. port of shipmentC. port of importationD. port of exportation9) The term DAF should be followed by __________.A. point of originB. port of importationC. port of destinationD. port of shipment10) The term FAS should be followed by __________.A. point of originB. port of shipmentC. port of destinationD. port of exportation11) The term DES should be followed by _________.A. point of originB. port of shipmentC. port of exportationD. port of destination12) The term DEQ should be followed by _________.A. point of originB. port of loadingC. port of destinationD. port of shipment13) The term FCA should be followed by _________.A. point of originB. seller’s place of shipmentC. buyer’s place of shipmentD. buyer’s railway station14) The term DDP should be followed by _________.A. point of originB. port of shipmentC. port of buyer’s premiseD. place of destination15) Which of the following prices quoted is correct?A. US$1,000 per M/T CIF USA.B. US$200 per ton CIFC3 New York.C. US$150 per case CIF.D. US$100 per doz. CIFC3 China5. Case StudyCase 1A Chinese exporter signed a CFR contract with an importer in America on canned meat for an amount of US$50,000, with payment by D/P at sight. On the morning of May 5, 2006, the goods were all loaded onto the named vessel. The Chinese salesperson in charge of this contract was so busy that he forgot to send the buyer the shipping advice until the next morning. Unexpectedly, when the American importer went to the local insurance company to insure the goods, the insurance company had already learned that the ship suffered a wreck on May 6 and refused to insure the shipment. The American importer immediately sent a fax to the Chinese exporter saying “Owing to your delayed shipping advice, we are unable to insure the goods. Since the vessel has been destroyed in a wreck, the loss of goods should be for your account. At the same time, you should compensate our profit and expense losses which amount to US$50,000.”Soon all the shipping documents sent through the collecting bank were returned to the Chinese exporter, for the reason that the importer refused to take up the shipping documents.Who should be responsible for the loss and why?Case 2A Chinese international trade company exported a batch of walnut to England on the basis of CIF London. As it was a seasonal commodity, it was stipulated in the contract that the covering L/C should reach the seller before the end of September. The seller guaranteed that the vessel would reach the port of destination not later than December 2. If the vessel reached the port of destination later than the day, the buyer was entitled to cancel the contract. In case the payment had been made, the seller would return the payment to the buyer. Then, where do you think the crux lies in this case?。