研究生英语精读教程答案(下)分章节
研究生英语精读教程（下）unit1-7课后习题
研究生英语精读教程（下）unit1-7课后习题[unit1]II. VocabularyA. Identify one of the four choices A, B, C or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. Considerable expertise is required to be a successful trial lawyer.A. know-howB. authorityC. prudenceD. resolution2. So it came about that even in ancient times tales of Moon voyages were written without any trace of magic and the earthiness of something that might be possible.A. footprintB. measurementC. remainderD. sign3. I’d like to come with you, but that’s not a promise. Don’t build on it.A. bring onB. depend onC. take onD. think on4. I must go and work up my notes, ready for the test. A. complete B. take C. review D. get5. Groundwater, a resource that exists everywhere beneath the Earth’s surface, is under increasing risk from contamination and overuse.A. popularizationB. pollutionC. contractionD. industrialization6. The most prominent technological success in the twentieth century is probably computer revolution. A. noticeable B. solemnC. prosperousD. prevalent7. Neon light is utilized in airport because it can penetrate fog.A. pass throughB. break upC. transmitD. suspend8. There is no point in applying for that job as you are not properly qualified.A. reasonB. resultC. chanceD. use9. It is estimated that almost one million earthquakes occur each year, but most of them are so minor that they pass undetected.A. with no damageB. with no noticeC. with no nameD. with no problem10. Inspired by another movement in art called Dadaism, the Surrealist movement has been one of the most influential art movements in the 20th century.A. DespisedB. InfluencedC. StifledD. CreatedB. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.11. In less than a millionth of a second, the vast computer of an international airline can ______ accept 800 booking inquiries, and search its 50 million memory units for appropriate replies.A. simultaneouslyB. implicitlyC. complacentlyD. cautiously12. There are two hundred and forty stamps in the sheet, arranged in twenty rows of twelve stamps _____.A. individually B. across C. horizontally D. vertically13. Many of the conditions that _____ population pressures—overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness—lead to dissatisfaction.A. bring forwardB. bring outC. result inD. result from14. A severe illness _____ the hot weather has left the baby very weak.A. in accordance withB. in line withC. in conjunction withD. in agreement with15. It is a long time since we’ve been ____; I hop e everything goes as well as last time.A. united upB. brought upC. teamed upD. picked up16. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical ____, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A. interactionB. interferenceC. interventionD. interruption17. In what _____ to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites. A. applies B. accounts C. amounts D. attaches18. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.A. equivalentB. alikeC. uniformD. likely19. It has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in the millions and earthquake-related destruction has been _____ calculation. A. under B. over C. behindD. beyond20. W e’re in a _____ position here, with the enemy on the hill above us.A. strongB. powerfulC. vulnerableD. negative[unit2]II. Vocabulary1.Parents heartily endorsed the plan for a school playground.A. adoredB. admiredC. supportedD. denied2.Black clouds, thunder and lightning show that a storm is imminent.A. comingB. IrremediableC. unavoidableD. irresistible3.She had upset some boiling oil on her arm and was in agony.A. great painB. SufferingC. dangerD. despair4.The walls of the boathouse had been sapped away by the waves.A. carried awayB. destroyedC. washed upD. stricken5.You must always be ready to sacrifice inclination to duty.A. likingB. tendencyC. interestD. career6.Age had withered the old lady's face. A. destroyed B. hurtC. made decrepitD. flecked7.Unable to sleep, the patient thrashed about in bed.A. twistedB. TwitchedC. tossed aboutD. tossed off8.The committee's plans are set out in the report made by the chairman.A. mentionedB. intended to doC. arrangedD. made known and clear9.Their request was absurd and consequently rejected.A. ridiculousB. excessiveC. feasibleD. harsh10.He was given imprisonment without the option of a fine.A. punishmentB. requestC. demandD. freedom to chooseB. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.11.There was no school play because the principal ________ his consent.A. took silence forB. withheldC. rewardedD. awarded12.In many countries now, smoking is not ________ in publicplaces.A. permissiveB. permissibleC. permutableD. pernicious13.The boy's curiosity ________ him to ask endless questions.A. madeB. helpedC. confusedD. prompted14.Condemned to death, Socrates could have escaped but chose to die by drinking ________ poison - seeking truth even to the end. A. strong B. dead C. dying D. lethal15.We believe in ________ treatment of prisoners so that they can turn over a new leaf.A. humanB. humaneC. cruelD. stern16.Being a commander, he should remain calm at the ________ moment.A. criticB. crispC. crucialD. crinkly17.Health without riches is ________ to riches without health.A. preferableB. betterC. desirableD. desirous18.The decision made by the party recently goes against everything I ________.A. stand in withB. stand fastC. stand in awe ofD. stand for19.The ________ of ill-feeling from the Treaty of Versailles made Hitler more determined to take revenge on France in World War Two. A. inheritance B. result C. wish D. desire20.Medical ________ do not permit doctors and surgeons to advertise.A. dutiesB. standardsC. lawsD. ethics[unit3]II. Vocabulary1.Henry Ⅵwas an overwhelming success, perhaps partially because Shakespeare drew characters from actual English history.A. greatB. amazedC. unexpectedD. unbelievable2.The new communication system is by no means a minute invention.A. insignificantB. minusculeC. accidentalD. significant3.On the notice board there was a list of forthcoming events at school.A. excitingB. ArisingC. WarningD. approaching4.In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests. A. coexist B. invadeC. dominateD. gather5.Behind him were the ruins of a city, shattered, devastated, crumbled piles of concrete and stone that glowed. A. burnt B. ravaged C. isolated D. conquered6.Revision of technical prose requires word by word review and elimination of whatever is redundant. A. talkative B. profuseC. abundantD. wordy7.In the last chapter I proposed the hypothesis that a pure poetry-exists, e mploying the term "lyric― to describe poems which "consist of poetry and no thing else".A. conjectureB. deductionC. inferenceD. supposition8.Tacit parental approval should be obtained before marriage.A. tactfulB. permissiveC. intactD. implicit9.Then he sat and thought in the concentrated, abstracted way he has almost forgetting my presence. A. preoccupied B. observant C. intent D. careful10.An Alexandrian speculator finally thought of a way of turning cat mummies into money.A. spectatorB. observerC. businessmanD. magicianB. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.11. These demands _____ the agreements we have reached.A. run away fromB. go against toC. go counter toD. act counter from12. Mary’s _____ was whether to go to the party in her old dress or to stay at home.A. plightB. emergencyC. dilemmaD. jam13. In temperate regions the growth rings on turtles’ epidermal plates ____ seasonal variations in growth. A. stimulateB. reflectC. includeD. prevent14. When new math was introduced into schools, many parents were _____ by the approach it involved. A. interested B. enjoyed C. perplexed D. informed15. Most of the great European thinkers of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries helped to _____ the conception Shaftesbury first formulated. A. develop B. involve C. discover D. grow16.It is unfair for the manager to ____ the typist for being late, because she has been ill for a week.A. adviseB. reproachC. reviveD. strike17.A vast cigar-shaped body of gas was raised and eventually _____ from the surface of the sun.A. descendedB. outrunC. abstractedD. reflected。
研究生英语精读教程第三版下课后习题
《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下)中国人民大学出版社2019年下半学期第1.2.3.6.8.单元习题机械工程刘聪整理Vocabulary (20)、Cloze (15)、Reading Comprehension (30 scores) 、Translation (20 scores)、Writing (15 scores)Instructor Zheng Li 郑莉Unit One1. Considerable expertise is required to be a successful trial lawyer.A. know-howB. authorityC. prudenceD. resolution2. So it came about that even in ancient times tales of Moon voyages were written without any trace of magic and the earthiness of something that might be possible.A. footprintB. measurementC. remainderD. sign3. I’d like to come with you, but that’s not a promise. Don’t build on it.A. bring onB. depend onC. take onD. think on4. I must go and work up my notes, ready for the test.A. completeB. takeC. reviewD. get5. Groundwater, a resource that exists everywhere beneath the Earth’s surface, is under increasing risk from contamination and overuse.A. popularizationB. pollutionC. contractionD. industrialization6. The most prominent technological success in the twentieth century is probably computer revolution.A. noticeableB. solemnC. prosperousD. prevalent7. Neon light is utilized in airport because it can penetrate fog.A. pass throughB. break upC. transmitD. suspend8. There is no point in applying for that job as you are not properly qualified.A. reasonB. resultC. chanceD. use9. It is estimated that almost one million earthquakes occur each year, but most of them are so minor that they pass undetected.A. with no damageB. with no noticeC. with no nameD. with no problem10. Inspired by another movement in art called Dadaism, the Surrealist movement has been one of the most influential art movements in the 20th century.A. DespisedB. InfluencedC. StifledD. Created11. In less than a millionth of a second, the vast computer of an international airline can ______ accept 800 booking inquiries, and search its 50 million memory units for appropriate replies.A. simultaneouslyB. implicitlyC. complacentlyD. cautiously12. There are two hundred and forty stamps in the sheet, arranged in twenty rows of twelve stamps _____.A. individuallyB. acrossC. horizontallyD. vertically13. Many of the conditions that _____ population pressures—overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness—lead to dissatisfaction.A. bring forwardB. bring outC. result inD. result from14. A severe illness _____ the hot weather has left the baby very weak.A. in accordance withB. in line withC. in conjunction withD. in agreement with15. It is a long time since we’ve been ____; I hope everything goes as well as last time.A. united upB. brought upC. teamed upD. picked up16. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical ____, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology. A. interaction B. interferenceC. interventionD. interruption17. In what _____ to a last minute stay of execution, a council announced that emergency funding would keep alive two aging satellites.A. appliesB. accountsC. amountsD. attaches18. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _____ standards.A. equivalentB. alikeC. uniformD. likely19. It has been estimated that earthquake-related fatalities have numbered in the millions and earthquake-related destruction has been _____ calculation.A. underB. overC. behindD. beyond20. We’re in a _____ position here, with the enemy on the hill above us.A. strongB. powerfulC. vulnerableD. negativeB. Put the following into English.1. 超级市场连同消费者都遭到了通货膨胀的沉重打击。
研究生英语(下)课文翻译及课后答案
幸福隐藏的另一面凯思琳•麦克高恩1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:‚我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
‛2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会迸发出来。
对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。
实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活从此在某方面有了改善。
3诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达.4那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证:为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。
我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气:一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。
5这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面——一种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。
那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质——是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。
事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人——他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义——或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为对‚美好生活‛的探寻)最有发言权。
6这种对美好生活的更为广泛的定义把深深的满足感和一种通过移情与他人建立的深切联系融合在一起。
它主要受愉悦情感的支配，但同时也夹杂着惆怅和悔恨。
新版研究生英语精读教程翻译练习参考答案(1-5单元)
新版研究生英语精读教程翻译练习参考答案（Unit 1-5）Unit One Exercise VII Translation教参：第一课翻译答案Section A哈里·波特的魔杖能让已死的语言起死回生吗？《哈里·波特与魔法石》的出版商认为这有可能。
据《每日电讯报》报道，他们打算把这个魔法学生的冒险故事译成拉丁文和古希腊文。
报纸说，该书作者J.K.罗琳和她的出版商布卢姆斯伯里出版社希望译本能帮助孩子们战胜对学习这两种古代语言的恐惧。
布卢姆斯伯里出版社罗琳的编辑爱玛·马修森说：“我们不指望拉丁版和希腊文版能成为畅销书，不过我们相信它们能让拉丁文和希腊文学习者学起来更有乐趣。
”顶尖男校伊顿公学的拉丁及希腊文教师彼得·尼德海姆正在翻译罗琳《哈里·波特》系列小说的第一部（即《哈里·波特与魔法石》——编者注）。
报纸援引他的话说：“它将成为孩子们的心爱之物，其中有非常诙谐机智的对白……。
”报纸还说，《哈里·波特与魔法石》并不是第一本被译成拉丁文的儿童书籍，《帕丁顿熊》、《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》和《维尼小熊》都有拉丁文译本。
Section BIt is most startling to hear a watch or clock clicking away the seconds, each click indicating the shortening of one’s life by a little bit. Likewise, with each page torn offthe wall calender, one’s life is shortened by another day. Time, therefore, is life. Nevertheless, few people treasure their time as much as their life. Time must not be wasted if you want to do your bit in your remaining years or acquire some useful knowledge to improve yourself and help others, so that your life may turn out to be significant and fruitful. All that is self-evident, yet few people really strive to makethe best use of their time.Unit Two Exercise VII Translation教参：第二课翻译答案Section A60年前，毛泽东站在天安门城楼上，面对人山人海，用高亢的湖南方言宣布，中华人民共和国成立了，“中国人民从此站起来了！”这是一个充满自豪和希望的时刻。
研究生英语精读教程第三版下第三单元
Unit Three Evolution and Natural Selection［1］The idea of evolution* was known to some of the Greek philosophers. By the time of Aristotle①, speculation* had suggested that more perfect types had not only followed less perfect ones but actually had developed from them. But all this was guessing; no real evidence was forthcoming*. When, in modern times, the idea of evolution was revived*, it appeared in the writings of the philosophers – Bacon①, Descartes②, Leibniz③ and Kant④. Herbert Spencer① was preaching* a full evolutionary doctrine* in the years just before Darwin's② book was published, while most naturalists would have none of it. Nevertheless a few biologists ran counter to the prevailing* view, and pointed to such facts as the essential unity of structure in all warm-blooded animals.［2］The first complete theory was that of Lamarck①(1744～1829), who thought that modifications* due to environment, if constant and lasting, would be inherited and produce a new type. Though no evidence for such inheritance was available, the theory gave a working hypothesis* for naturalists to use, and many of the social and philanthropic* efforts of the nineteenth century were framed on the tacit* assumption that acquired improvements would be inherited.［3］But the man whose book gave both Darwin and Wallace the clue was the Reverend* Robert Malthus① (1766～1834),sometime curate* of Albury in Surrey. The English people were increasing rapidly, and Malthus argued that the human race tends to outrun its means of subsistence* unless the redundant* individuals are eliminated. This may not always be true, but Darwin writes:［4］In October 1838,I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on, from long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck* me that, under these circumstances, favorable variations* would tend to be preserved, and unfavorable ones to be destroyed. The result of this would be the formation of new species. Here then I had a theory by which to work.［5］Darwin spent twenty years collecting countless facts and making experiments on breeding* and variation in plants and animals. By 1844 he had convinced himself that species are not immutable*, but worked on to get further evidence. On 18 June 1858 he received from Alfred Russell Wallace a paper written in Ternate, in the space of three days after reading Malthus's book. Darwin saw at once that Wallace had hit upon the essence of his own theory. Lyell① and Hooker②arranged with the Linnaean③Society to read on July 1st 1858 Wallace's paper together with a letter from Darwin and an abstract* of his theory written in 1844.Then Darwin wrote out an account of his labors, and on 24th November 1859 published his great book The Origin of Species.［6］In any race of plants or animals, the individuals differ from each other in innate* qualities. Darwin offered no explanation of these variations, but merely accepted their existence. When the pressure of numbers or the competition for mates* is great, any variation in structure which is of use in the struggle has "survival value" and gives its possessor an improved chance of prolonging life and leaving offspring. That variation therefore tends to spread through the race by the elimination of those who do not possess it, and a new variety or even species may be established. As Huxley said, this idea was wholly unknown till 1858.Huxley① said the book was like a flash of lightning in the darkness. He wrote:It did the immense service of freeing us from the dilemma - Refuse to accept the Creation hypothesis, and what have you to propose that can be accepted by any cautious reasoner? In 1857 I had no answer ready, and I do not think anyone else hadA year later we reproached* ourselves with dullness for being perplexed* with such an enquiry. My reflection* when I first made myself master of the central idea of the Origin was " How extremely stupid not to have thought of that!"［7］The hypothesis of natural selection may not be a complete explanation, but it led to a greater thing than itself - an acceptance of the theory of organic* evolution, which the years have but confirmed. Yet at first some naturalists joined the opposition. To the many, who were unable to judge the biological evidence, the effect of the theory of evolution seemed incredible as well as devastating*, to run counter to common sense and to overwhelm* all philosophic and religious landmarks. Even educated man, choosing between the Book of Genesis and the Origin of Species, proclaimed* with Disraeli① that he was "on the side of the Angels".［8］Darwin himself took a modest view. While thinking that natural selection was the chief cause of evolution, he did not exclude Lamarck's idea that characters acquired by long use or disuse might be inherited, though no evidence seemed to be forthcoming. But about 1890 Weismann①drew a sharp distinction between the body (or soma) and the germ cells which it contains. Somatic cells can only reproduce cells like themselves, but germ* cells give rise not only to the germ cells of a new individual but to all the many types of cell in his body. Germ cellsdescend from germ cells in a pure line of germ plasm，but somatic cells trace their origin to germ cells. From this point of view, the body of each individual is an unimportant by-product of his parents’ ger m cells. The body dies, leaving no offspring, but the germ plasms show an unbroken continuity. The products of the germ cells are not likely to be affected by changes in the body. So Weismann's doctrine offered an explanation of the apparent noninheritance of acquired characters.［9］The supporters of pure Darwinism came to regard the minute variations as enough to explain natural selection and natural selection enough to explain evolution. But animal breeders and horticulturists* knew that sudden large mutations* occur, especially after crossing, and that new varieties might be established at once. Then in 1900 forgotten work by Mendel①was rediscovered and a new chapter opened.［10］In 1869 Darwin's cousin, Francis Galton①, applied these principles to mental qualities. By searching books of reference, Galton examined the inheritance of ability. For instance, he found that the chance of the son of a judge showing great ability was about 500 times as high as that of a man taken at random, and for the judge's father it was nearly as much. While no prediction can be made about individuals, on the average of large numbers, the inheritance of ability is certain.Ⅰ. ComprehensionAnswer the following questions or complete the following statements by choosing the best alternative A, B, C or D under each. You are allowed 2 minutes 30 seconds for this part.1. From para.［1］，it may be inferred that _______.A.philosophers were more sensitive than naturalistsB.Darwin's idea was based on Spencer'sC.the essential unity of structure in animals may prompt speculations about evolutionD.the prevailing view refers to Darwin's evolution2. Which of the following is not true?marck was one of the first scientists to attempt an explanation for the causes ofevolution.B.According to Lamarck, athletes develop their muscles by constant exercise and themuscular athlete will produce offspring whose muscles are well developed.marck's theory seemed reasonable.marck's theory was fully accepted by naturalists.3. Malthus's population theory _______.A.was the origin of Darwin's idea of evolutionB.was established from observation of the habits of animals and plantsC.stimulated Darwin's idea of natural selectionD.convinced Darwin that evolution has occurred4. Para.［5］suggests all the following except ______.A.Darwin was a methodical manB.Wallace was as impulsive as Darwin was deliberateC.Wallace found Darwin's work after many yearsD.Darwin's painstaking effort to document his views would have been extendedconsiderably but for the work of Wallace.5. Para.［6］mainly explained ______.A.the source of variationB.the idea of natural selectionC.the difference between favorable plants and animals and unfavorable onesD. the competition of animals6. Huxley ______.A.was reluctant to accept the Creation hypothesis but couldn’t offer another satisfyinganswer to the problemB.fully accepted Darwin’s ideaC.thought Darwin’s natural selection was a very simple ideaD.all of the above7. Which of the following is most likely to be the main reason why the public opposed Darwin’s theory?A.They lacked knowledge of biology.B.They were disturbed by gaps in the theory.C.The idea that humans developed from some subhuman creature outraged them.D.They found the evidence for the theory not convincing.8. What is the main idea of the last three paragraphs?A.Darwin’s theory of evolution was out of date.B.The conflict between Darwinism and anti-Darwinism.C.Strong objections were expressed against Darwin’s concept of organic evolution.D.There were weaknesses in Darwin’s theory and new theories were forming.9. What was not explained by Darwin?A.Variation within a species is common.B.New species can develop, either in one generation or gradually over many generations.C.New species may arise from former ones.anisms that are best suited to adapt to environmental changes will survive.Ⅱ. VocabularyA. Identify one of the four choices A, B, C, or D which would keep the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.1. Henry Ⅵ was an overwhelming success, perhaps partially because Shakespeare drew characters from actual English history.A. greatB. AmazedC. unexpectedD. unbelievable2. The new communication system is by no means a minute invention.A. insignificantB. minusculeC. accidentalD. significant3. On the notice board there was a list of forthcoming events at school.A. excitingB. arisingC. warningD. approaching4. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.A. coexistB. invadeC. dominateD. gather5. Behind him were the ruins of a city, shattered, devastated, crumbled piles of concrete and stone that glowed.A. burntB. ravagedC. isolatedD. conquered6. Revision of technical prose requires word by word review and elimination of whatever is redundant.A. talkativeB. profuseC. abundantD. wordy7. In the last chapter I proposed the hypothesis that a pure poetry-exists, employing the term "lyric“ to describe poems which "consist of poetry and nothing else".A. conjectureB. deductionC. inferenceD. supposition8. Tacit parental approval should be obtained before marriage.A. tactfulB. permissiveC. intactD. implicit9. Then he sat and thought in the concentrated, abstracted way he has almost forgetting my presence.A. preoccupiedB. observantC. intentD. careful10. An Alexandrian speculator finally thought of a way of turning cat mummies into money.A. spectatorB. observerC. businessmanD. magicianB. Choose the correct answer. Only one answer is correct.11. These demands _____ the agreements we have reached.A. run away fromB. go against toC. go counter toD. act counter from12. Mary’s _____ was whether to go to the party in her old dress or to stay at home.A. plightB. emergencyC. dilemmaD. jam13. In temperate regions the growth rings on turtles’ epidermal plates ____ seasonal variations in growth.A. stimulateB. reflectC. includeD. prevent14. When new math was introduced into schools, many parents were _____ by the approach it involved.A. interestedB. enjoyedC. perplexedD. informed15. Most of the great European thinkers of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries helped to _____ the conception Shaftesbury first formulated.A. developB. involveC. discoverD. grow16. It is unfair for the manager to ____ the typist for being late, because she has been ill for a week.A. adviseB. reproachC. reviveD. strike17. A vast cigar-shaped body of gas was raised and eventually _____ from the surface of the sun.A. descendedB. outrunC. abstractedD. reflected18. What a coincidence! It _____ me only this very morning that we hadn't seen each other for twenty years.A. hit onB. struckC. reproachedD. reflected on19. Many people mistake a familiar for a vulgar style, and suppose that to write without affectation is to write _____.A. overwhelminglyB. at randomC. in the abstractD. cautiously20. His opinions were _____ and easily influenced by anyone who had any powers of persuasion.A. reflectiveB. speculativeC. strikingD. startlingⅣ. TranslationA. Put the following into Chinese.If one considers the enormous variety of courses offered, it is not hard to see how difficult it is for a student to select the course most suited to his interests and abilities. If a student goes to university to acquire a broader perspective of life, to enlarge his ideas and to learn to think for himself, he will undoubtedly benefit. School often has too restricting atmosphere, with its timetable and disciplines, to allow him much time for independent assessment of the work he is asked to do. Most s tudents would, I believe, profit by a year or so’s exploration of different academic studies, especially those “all-rounders” with no particular interest.B. Put the following into English.1. 聪明的动物依情况或环境的需要而改变自己的行为，但人类能有意识地改变自己的行为。
[下册]研究生英语精读教程 Six
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1. fit n. outburst一阵；一次发作 2. eruption n. (the sudden appearance of) an unhealthy spot or area on the skin皮疹
［5］Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. However, those who have seen people go through culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern* steps in the process.
1. norm※ n. standard of proper behavior or principle of right and wrong规范, 准则 2. cue n. signal that guides behavior; information that indicates what to do行动的方向(方针)；(应如何行动的)暗 示；准则
1. orient※ v. adjust or adapt to a particular situation使适应 (环境)；定向, 采取方向
研究生英语精读教程答案(下)分章节
研究生英语精读教程（下）答案Unit 2Exercise AI．Comprehension1．The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear．In the former case，some direct action is taken(for example，lethal injection is given．) to help finishing the patient’s unbearable pain for good，while in the latter，no direct action is taken，merely letting the patient die．2．The attitude of AMA is somewhat contradictory．First，it states that mercy killing is contrary to what the medical profession stands and also to its own policy．But then it goes on to say that the advice and judgment of the doctor should be available to the patient and／or his family．3．A lethal injection is one which can“kill”the patient immediately．The author thinks that once the decision not to prolong the patient's agony is made，to give him a lethal injection is the best choice．Otherwise the patient will suffer more rather than less．4．The most painful thing to do for a surgeon is to stand by and watch a savable baby die because his very duty is to use the scalpel to fight off death．5．Some people are opposed to all kinds of euthanasia because they believe that all people have the right to live．6．The author believes that the reason to let the baby die is only an excuse．And the real reason is that the child has Down's syndrome because the operation is very simple．7．No，killing someone is not morally worse than letting someone die．(An example is omitted．) 8．What the doctor does in active euthanasia is only for humane reasons．In a civil case of killing，however，the person acts from the motive of personal gain．That's the main difference．9．Mercy killing and conventional euthanasia are the same thing，because in both cases the passive part the doctor plays is emphasized．10．The attitude of AMA in its statement is contradictory．First，it forbids mercy killing, but then it goes on to deny that the cessation of treatment is the intentional termination of life．This is where the mistake is made, for the former is none other than the 1atter．Ⅱ．V ocabulary1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．A6．C 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．D11．B 12．B 13：D 14．D 15．B16．C 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．DⅢ．Cloze1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．CⅣ．TranslationA．没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。
研究生英语精读教程答案(下)分章节
研究生英语精读教程（下）答案Unit 2Exercise AI．Comprehension1．The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear．In the former case，some direct action is taken(for example，lethal injection is given．) to help finishing the patient’s unbearable pain for good，while in the latter，no direct action is taken，merely letting the patient die．2．The attitude of AMA is somewhat contradictory．First，it states that mercy killing is contrary to what the medical profession stands and also to its own policy．But then it goes on to say that the advice and judgment of the doctor should be available to the patient and／or his family．3．A lethal injection is one which can“kill”the patient immediately．The author thinks that once the decision not to prolong the patient's agony is made，to give him a lethal injection is the best choice．Otherwise the patient will suffer more rather than less．4．The most painful thing to do for a surgeon is to stand by and watch a savable baby die because his very duty is to use the scalpel to fight off death．5．Some people are opposed to all kinds of euthanasia because they believe that all people have the right to live．6．The author believes that the reason to let the baby die is only an excuse．And the real reason is that the child has Down's syndrome because the operation is very simple．7．No，killing someone is not morally worse than letting someone die．(An example is omitted．) 8．What the doctor does in active euthanasia is only for humane reasons．In a civil case of killing，however，the person acts from the motive of personal gain．That's the main difference．9．Mercy killing and conventional euthanasia are the same thing，because in both cases the passive part the doctor plays is emphasized．10．The attitude of AMA in its statement is contradictory．First，it forbids mercy killing, but then it goes on to deny that the cessation of treatment is the intentional termination of life．This is where the mistake is made, for the former is none other than the 1atter．Ⅱ．Vocabulary1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．A6．C 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．D11．B 12．B 13：D 14．D 15．B16．C 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．DⅢ．Cloze1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．CⅣ．TranslationA．没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。
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研究生英语精读教程（下）答案Unit 2Exercise AI．Comprehension1．The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear．In the former case，some direct action is taken(for example，lethal injection is given．) to help finishing the patient’s unbearable pain for good，while in the latter，no direct action is taken，merely letting the patient die．2．The attitude of AMA is somewhat contradictory．First，it states that mercy killing is contrary to what the medical profession stands and also to its own policy．But then it goes on to say that the advice and judgment of the doctor should be available to the patient and／or his family．3．A lethal injection is one which can“kill”the patient immediately．The author thinks that once the decision not to prolong the patient's agony is made，to give him a lethal injection is the best choice．Otherwise the patient will suffer more rather than less．4．The most painful thing to do for a surgeon is to stand by and watch a savable baby die because his very duty is to use the scalpel to fight off death．5．Some people are opposed to all kinds of euthanasia because they believe that all people have the right to live．6．The author believes that the reason to let the baby die is only an excuse．And the real reason is that the child has Down's syndrome because the operation is very simple．7．No，killing someone is not morally worse than letting someone die．(An example is omitted．) 8．What the doctor does in active euthanasia is only for humane reasons．In a civil case of killing，however，the person acts from the motive of personal gain．That's the main difference．9．Mercy killing and conventional euthanasia are the same thing，because in both cases the passive part the doctor plays is emphasized．10．The attitude of AMA in its statement is contradictory．First，it forbids mercy killing, but then it goes on to deny that the cessation of treatment is the intentional termination of life．This is where the mistake is made, for the former is none other than the 1atter．Ⅱ．V ocabulary1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．A6．C 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．D11．B 12．B 13：D 14．D 15．B16．C 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．DⅢ．Cloze1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．CⅣ．TranslationA．没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。
青春时期有一种永恒的感觉，使我们能自我纠正，适应一切事物。
年轻人酷似神仙。
虽半生一晃就过去了，还有下半生带着无限的宝藏给我们储备着，因为前程远大，希望无穷。
这个新的时代是属于我们年轻人的。
“一个远大无边的前景展开在我们面前。
”我们环顾周围这个新的世界，充满着生命，活跃和不断的进步；我们自身感到朝气蓬勃，精神焕发，紧跟时代步伐。
没有任何征兆会使我们预感到有朝一日，自己行将落伍，沦入老年，而最终掉进墓穴中去。
B．1．Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge；it is thinking that makes what we read ours．2．Houses should be built so as to admit plenty of light as well as of fresh air．3．There is but one safe way for every young person starting in life，whatever the business may be．4．When you write an article，be sure to set out the points of your argument carefully．5．While it seems unlikely that such a radical proposition will pass，the fact means this is an issue we will soon be facing nationally．6．So what's wrong with the argument that a dying，pain wracked patient should be able toask his or her physician for a prescription for a fatal overdose? Practically speaking，thefirst place，if pain medication is liberally and properly used，there is virtually no patientwho cannot be kept comfortable with it．Admittedly，in some cases these doses mayhave to be SO strong that they will lead to respiratory depression and hasten death．Butthe goal of such medication is to relieve pain，not bring about death．So it will be acrucial problem，if the patient dies from over dose．WritingEuthanasia Mercy KillingReasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find．People everywhere in the world are living longer，so that lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death．This has not only brought great agony to the old people and their relatives but also resulted in a lot of social problems．Those who are for “mercy killing”argue that every human being should have the right to die with dignity．Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia contend that the right should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably i11．However，some people believe active euthanasia isa criminal act and so does aiding a suicide．They take such acts as“a case of barbarism”unworthy of our civilization．I think “mercy killing” is different from murdering both legally and morally．We do notimpose death on anyone but seek the individual's right to determine when and how to die．Anyway，people live in the world in order to enjoy themselves and make others happy．So when one's living becomes a burden to others as well as to himself，living loses its meaning．What's wrong with him if the terminally ill wants to relieve himself from its endless pain and sorrow and be more considerate of his close relatives?Exercise BI．1．surroundings 2．pledge 3．pet4．onset 5．fellow 6．paradise7．orphan 8．utensils 9．pessimist10．transportation 11．transformer 12．plague13．inclinations 14．incentive 15．fusion16．ideologyⅡ．1．will quench 2．Massage 3．wither4．were bugged 5．crooked 6．shrugged7．salute 8．to propagate 9．narrated10．be greasedⅢ．1．to wink—wink2．N3．N4．(doubt)in——of5．1egible——more legible6．(comply)on——with7．N8．(an invasion)in—of9．into—from10．for—to11．N12．In—OnIV．1．in 2．in，which 3．into，if4．on，of 5．into，of 6．what7．until 8．of，that，by 9．at，of, that10．that，for 11．of，as，of 12．in，near13．at, with 14．since，on，in 15．to，from，of16．about，which 17．if，so that 18．At，in，under19．which，to，by 20．on，that 21．of，which，in，asSupplementary Reading1．Marie and her daughter Rose were in favor of having euthanasia while Marie's doctor didn't quite approve of it．2．Because there is sophisticated machinery t0 extend a patient's life，and the real control is in the hands of a tangled bureaucracy．It cannot be decided just by the doctors and the patients．3．More and more people began to accept the idea of euthanasia．4．It is a kind of suicide manual，telling a terminally—ill patient how to end his or her life．5．No．refers to death by euthanasia．6．It is o tell others what medical treatment a patient wants or does not want when he is no longer able to express his wishes7．No．The sentence rather implies that the hospital may not end a patient's life as he wishes．8．Because he was not sure whether he was doing the right thing concerning a conflict between the two ideals—sustaining life and relieving suffering．9．It is not easy because of the complicated factors involved such as the voluntariness of the patient and the complex ethics of medical technology．10．Yes．According to him，how we die is a personal choice，which means he is in favor of euthanasia．Unit 4Key to the ExercisesExercise AI．Comprehension1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D6·A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．DⅡ·VocabularyA·1·D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D6·D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．CB·11·B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B16·C 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．AⅢ．Cloze1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C6·B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．D11·D 12．A 13．C 14．C 15．BIV．TranslationA．1969年7月20日，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为地球上第一个站在导一个世界上的人。