tohelen爱伦坡

tohelen爱伦坡
tohelen爱伦坡

"To Helen" is the first of two poems to carry that name written by Edgar Allan Poe. The 15-line poem was written in honor of Jane Stanard, the mother of a childhood friend. It was first published in 1831 collection Poems of Edgar A. Poe then reprinted in 1836 in the Southern Literary Messenger. Poe revised the poem in 1845, making several improvements, most notably changing "the beauty of fair Greece, and the grandeur of old Rome" to "the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome." These improved lines are the most well-known lines of the poem.

Background

Edgar Allan Poe wrote “To Helen” as a reflection on the beauty of Mrs. Jane Stith Stanard, who died in 1824. She was the mother of one of Poe’s school classmates, Robert Stanard. When Robert invited Edgar, then 14, to his home in 1823, Poe was greatly taken with the 27-year-old woman, who is said to have urged him to write poetry. He was later to write that she was his first real love.

Theme

The theme of this short poem is the beauty of a woman with whom Poe became acquainted when he was 14. Apparently she treated him kindly and may have urged him–or perhaps inspired him–to write poetry. Beauty, as Poe uses the word in the poem, appears to refer to the woman's soul as well as her body. On the one hand, he represents her as Helen of Troy–the quintessence of physical beauty–at the beginning of the poem. On the other, he represents her as Psyche–the quintessence of soulful beauty–at the end of the poem. In Greek, psyche means soul.

Imagery and Summary of the Poem Poe opens the poem with a simile–“Helen, thy beauty is to me / Like those Nicéan barks of yore”–that compares the beauty of Helen with small sailing boats (barks) that carried home travelers in ancient times. He extends

this boat imagery into the second stanza, when he says Helen brought him home to the shores of the greatest civilizations of antiquity, classical Greece and Rome. It may well have been that Mrs. Stanard’s beauty and other admirable qualities, as well as her taking notice of Poe’s writing ability, helped inspire him to write poetry that mimicked in some ways the classical tradition of Greece and Rome. Certainly the poem’s allusions to mythology and the classical age suggest that he had a grounding in, and a fondness for, ancient history and literature. In the final stanza of the poem, Poe imagines that Mrs. Stanard (Helen) standing before him in a recess or alcove in front of a window. She is holding an agate lamp, as the beautiful Psyche did when she discovered the identity of Eros (Cupid). For further information on the agate lamp, Psyche, and Eros, sees the comments opposite the third stanza.

Analysis:

As is typical with many of Poe's poems, the rhythm and rhyme scheme of "To Helen" is irregular but musical in sound. The poem consists of three stanzas of five lines each, where the end rhyme of the first stanza is ABABB, that of the second is ABABA, and that of the third is ABBAB. Poe uses soothing, positive words and rhythms to create a fitting tone and atmosphere for the poem. His concluding image is that of light, with a "brilliant window niche" and the agate lamp suggesting the glowing of the "Holy Land," for which Helen is the beacon.

"To Helen" is the first of two poems to carry that name written by Poe. The 15-line poem was written in honor of Jane Stanard, the mother of a childhood friend.. It was first

published in 1831 collection Poems of Edgar A. Poe then reprinted in 1836 in the Southern Literary Messenger. Poe revised the poem in 1845, making several improvements, most notably changing "the beauty of fair Greece, and the grandeur of old Rome" to "the glory that was Greece and the grandeur that was Rome." These improved lines are the most well-known lines of the poem.

Imagery and Summary of the Poem

Poe opens the poem with a simile–“Helen, thy beauty is to me / Like those Nicéan barks of yore”–that compares the beauty of Helen with small sailing boats that carried home travelers in ancient times. He extends this boat imagery into the second stanza, when he says Helen brought him home to the shores of the greatest civilizations of antiquity, classical Greece and Rome. It may well have been that Mrs. Stanard’s beauty and other admirable qualities, as well as her taking notice of Poe’s writing ability, helped inspire him to write poetry that mimicked in some ways the classical tradition of Greece and Rome. Certainly the poem’s allusions to mythology and the classical age suggest that he had a grounding in, and a fondness for, ancient history and literature. In the final stanza of the poem, Poe imagines that Mrs. Stanard (Helen) is standing before him in a recess or alcove in front of a window. She is holding an agate lamp, as the beautiful Psyche did when she discovered the identity of Eros (Cupid). For further information on the agate lamp, Psyche, and Eros, see the comments opposite the third stanza.

The Theme

The beauty of a woman with whom Poe became acquainted when he was she treated him kindly and may have urged him or perhaps inspired him to write poetry.

Beauty,as Poe uses the word in the

poem ,appears to refer to the woman’s body as well as her soul.

On the one hand ,he represents her as Helen of Troy—the quintessence(典范)of physical beauty-at the beginning of this poem.

On the other ,her represents her as Psyche –at the end of the Greek,Psyche means soul.

Stanza 1

The poet first mentioned Helen, the most famous beauty in Great mythology. Then Poe compared himself to Odysseus, who wandered for ten years over the sea to get home. As Odysseus, Edgar Allan Poe was persistent in his chasing after fine arts with the sincere belief that art, or beauty and truth, is the ultimate aim, the home, for the wandering poet; while Helen, the embodiment of ancient beauty, is the guider to that dreamland 诗人第一次提到海伦,最著名的风景就像是伟大神话。然后坡把自己比做奥德修斯,就是走迷了十年海里回家。作为奥德修斯、埃德加·爱伦·坡执说捕美真诚的信仰,艺术、美与真,不是最终的目的,;海伦的美,体现古代美,是那梦境的向导。

Stanza 2

All the art and literature originated from one thing---beauty. Having taken Helen as the embodiment of beauty, the poet was confident that once he saw Helen, he was sure to be led by Helen to the home of beauty---fine and pure literature. Poe insisted that Greece and Rome are the homes of beauty, the treasure houses of fine art and literature.所有的艺术和文学的起源从一件事---美。海伦作为美的化身,诗人有信心,有一次他看到海伦,他相信由海伦导致美家---及纯文学。坡坚持认为,希腊和罗马是最美丽的家园,美术和文学宝库

Stanza 3

The speaker sees Helen standing in the bright niche and holding in her hand an agate lamp. She is quite similar to goddess Psyche from Greek Myth. Through his description of his passion to Helen, Poe expressed his pursuit and sincere devotion to beauty.

In the poem, three beauties in ancient Greek mythology—Helen, Naiad and Psyche---are mentioned just to show that beauty is something that existed; it is very holy but it is hard to reach.

看到海伦站在明亮的利基,及举起了她的手中玛瑙灯。她和希腊神话女神颇为相似。通过他的描述,表示表明他对美的追求和真诚奉献。

在这首诗中,提到了三个美女在古希腊神话中的海伦,稚虫和普赛克---只是表明美是存在的,它是非常神圣的,但它是很难达到的。

In To Helen, Poe is celebrating the nurturing power of women.

Poe opens the poem with a simile that compares the beauty of Helen (Mrs. Stanard) with small sailing boats (barks) that carried home travelers in ancient times. He extends this boat imagery into the second stanza, when he says Helen brought him home to the shores of the greatest civilizations of antiquity古老, classical Greece and Rome. It may well have been that Mrs. Stanard’s beauty and other admirable qualities, as well as her taking notice of Poe’s writing ability, helped inspire him to write poetry that mimicked模仿 in some ways the classical tradition of Greece and Rome. Certainly the poem’s allusions to mythology and the classical age suggest that he had a grounding in, and a fondness for, ancient history and literature. In the final stanza of the poem, Poe imagines that Mrs. Stanard (Helen) is standing before him in a recess or alcove 壁龛 in front of a window. She is holding an agate lamp, as the beautiful Psyche did when she discovered the identity of Eros (Cupid).

据作者说,这首诗是为中学一位同学的年轻母亲斯丹娜夫人而作,写的是“我的灵魂的第一次纯洁、理想的爱”。从诗里提到的地理、历史背景来看,对斯丹娜夫人的爱慕和对古希腊史诗《伊利亚特》中的绝世美人海伦的景仰合二为一。而在最后一节里,对不可企及的美人的倾倒又升华为对艺术——甚至是对真、善、美的无穷无尽的追求。因为在西方文人心中,古代的希腊和罗马已成为一种理想的境界,那里的一切似乎都是至美与至善的。

Stylistic Appreciation

1、音韵美

整首诗大体遵循四步抑扬格格律,一反传统诗歌五步抑扬格的格律,读起来有种别样的美感。该诗的韵式ABABB , CDCDC , EFFEF.

. A—me C—roam E—niche

B—yore D—face F—stand

A—sea C—home F—hand

B—bore D—Greece E—which

B—shore C—Rome F—and

第一诗节中押尾韵的单词为me, yore, sea, bore, shore; 第二节中为roam, face, home, Greece, Rome.

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爱伦_坡短篇小说的精神心理分析

令批评家感兴趣的一个问题是,为什么爱伦·坡对活埋题材和对活埋他人的有罪之人感兴趣。为什么作家早在他妻子逝世之前就那么热中于描写美女之死?为什么在他的有些短篇小说不是写某人折磨某人,就是写某人被某人折磨。要回答这些问题,我们就得回顾他的早期生活经历,这对其后来的创作影响极大。 爱伦·坡于1809年19日生在波士顿的一个流浪艺人的家庭里。艾德加是第二个儿子。由于父母关系不和,母亲携子出走,在1811年,她积劳成疾,一病不起,就此凄然与世长辞。当时,爱伦·坡只有3岁。一位叫约翰·爱伦的商人收养了他。对他关怀备至,他的童年生活是幸福的。和其他孩子一样读书上学。我们并不完全知道他少年时代的恋爱经历,中学时代居然爱上一个玩伴的母亲简·斯蒂恩·斯塔那德,未几,她就病故。他伤心之余,写了一首悼诗:《致海伦》,流传至今。17岁时,坡进弗吉尼亚大学,就此结束不知天高地厚的少年时代。他在大学里还没念满一年,就回到里奇蒙,当发现少年时代的恋人莎拉·爱弥拉·罗埃丝特已经准备另嫁他人,受的刺激就更大了。原来他俩早就相爱并私订终身,坡上大学后,两人不断有情书来往,但都被养父扣留,双方产生误会,才酿成悲剧。在他20岁左右时,爱上了表妹伊丽莎白·海尔林,还为之写过好些诗。他3岁时,母亲死了,他的受挫开始了;15岁时,他心目中的“第一个纯洁而理想的女人”斯塔那德,即他朋友的母亲死了;20岁时,他从小依恋养母爱伦夫人也死了。“而到23岁,他又先后被三个情人抛弃。这三个情人既然都弃他而去,他便觉得她们也死了”[1]。这一切无不表明,是早年生活的强烈影响导致爱伦·坡“里比多”受阻。所以说,他对死亡题材感兴趣并不是像众多的评论家所说的是因为弗吉尼亚的生病和去世,而是因为他在22岁之前就失去了六个女人。他对这一题材的兴趣继而又使他能克服或延迟死亡。“20世纪30年代波拿巴特(Marie Bonarparte,弗洛依德的学生)的心理分析以及60年代拉康的结构主义精神分析都具有一定的代表性。前者认为坡的作品意义在于,它是作者本人心理作用的外化,而这一心理活动又与其生活经历密切相关。坡在作品中以情节、人物等置换了他本人在现实生活中的相应经历。因此从某种意义上,可以把坡的小说作为‘心理自传’来解读”[2] 爱伦·坡对活埋题材和对活埋他人的有罪之人感兴趣。西格蒙德·弗洛伊德在《梦的解析》一书中的一条注释里说:“我知道评价有关子宫内生活的幻想和潜意识的重要性还为时不久。它们包括了许多人对活埋感到极度恐惧的解释。也成了深刻信仰死后复生的基础。这不过是对出生前这种奇怪生活的未来的揣测。此外分娩行为是焦虑的第一次体验,因此,也是焦虑的来源和原型。”[3]王齐建先生在《试论爱伦·坡》一文中说:“坡几乎是兴信奉弗洛依德主义的人可拒以引证的最好例子:他的‘俄狄浦斯情欲综合体’所引起的仇父倾向和恋母情结,他的纵饮和吸毒所导致的性行为的不可能,他的被压抑的性力升华为文艺作品等等,无一不‘印证了’弗洛依德的理论。”[4]“认为坡是患了‘尸体恐怖症’、‘异性虐待狂症’者有之;认为《捧名士》里那不同凡响的鼻子是‘阴茎’的标记者有之;就连坡为赚钱而写的而且自己承认是‘一本愚蠢透顶的书’的海上冒险故事《亚瑟·戈登·皮姆》,竟也被人发现了灵性,认定是‘对自我的本性和自我达到认识的依赖方式的探讨’”[4]。变态恐惧或焦虑在爱伦·坡笔下—— —特别是在其《鄂榭府崩溃记》里—— —被描述的淋漓尽致。根据精神分析学,我们知道,变态恐惧即受阻的性欲;这是对“里比多”的一种抵制。一个人的性欲冲动不可能在受到压抑的同时而不以某些变化形式表现出来;这些变化形式如果相互不协调,相互冲突,便产生恐惧。变态恐惧和一般恐惧不同,它是持续不断的,而非一时一事的,因为它的真正起因是一个人的无意识,而非现实生活中的某人某事。爱伦·坡从小饱受“里比多”受阻之苦,他就是《鄂榭府崩溃记》中的劳德立克·鄂榭,而且是在描写他自己的变态恐惧。读者不免觉得,小说里的故事叙述者“我”就是个神经错乱的人,因为他看见了不可能发生的事情。他想象的那栋房子被一股致命的毒气围绕着。他告诉我们说,劳德立克的状态影响了他,因而劳德立克那些胡思乱想也慢慢地出现在他心里。他当时肯定是神经错乱了,因为劳德立克的妹妹玛德琳死后已被钉进棺材,他却说他看见她从地窖里爬出来,还死死地拖住劳德立克。他还说他后来看见那房子裂成了碎片,并沉入水池。他的叙述,不说通篇都是幻觉,就是这些,也够虚玄了。 不过,真正的变态恐惧症患者是劳德立克。他生来脾气古怪,而且显得精神抑郁。他把自己的病因归之于他妹妹玛德琳,因为她生病而使他忧虑。其实,病因在他的无意识里。熟悉精神分析学和爱伦·坡生平的人都会觉得劳德立克肯定有和爱伦·坡一样的生活经历;早年失去母亲,后来又失去一个朋友的母亲,后来又失去养母。毫无疑问,他也和爱伦·坡一样失恋过三次,也可能酗过酒。同样,他始终生活在恐惧中,而且总觉得自己很快就会在恐惧的挣扎中死去;他惧怕未来,读一些希奇古怪的书,同时想象一些荒诞不经的事情。他妹妹死了,他竟然要“我”帮他一起把他葬在家里的地窖里。随后,他又陷入幻想,觉得他妹妹是被他活埋的,因而极度害怕,担心她会报复。所以,当“我”为他朗诵一个传奇故事时,就他把故事中的有些事情和他妹妹玛德琳联系在一起,说他听到她的棺材裂开来了,棺材上的铁链还在嘎嘎作响。他仿佛觉得她从地窖里爬了出来,然后又抓住他不放,还拼命掐他的脖子。就这样,他在恐惧中死去。显然,这一切是劳德立克和“我”的想象,因为玛德琳小姐是不可能从从上了钉的棺材和地窖里逃出来的,再说她躺在那里已有好几天没进食了,也没有那么大的力气掐死她哥哥。劳德立克·鄂榭是死于他自己制造的变态恐惧。 爱伦·坡还有一个特点,那就是虐待癖。这可以解释他的许多短篇小说,如《陷坑与钟摆》和《一桶白葡萄酒》等,不是写某人折磨某人,就是写某人被某人折磨。此外,任何人都能从另一方 爱伦·坡短篇小说的精神心理分析 张永怀 (黄山学院外语系安徽黄山245041) 摘要:结合精神分析学方法,以爱伦·坡的生活为依据,通过研读其作品,我们发现爱伦·坡的有些短篇小说的女主人公常常经历恐怖的死亡,她们或被活埋,或被损毁,或遭受精神吞噬;男主人公都经历了变态恐惧和焦虑,其作品中充分展现了爱伦·坡的虐待癖和受虐癖。 关键词:爱伦·坡精神分析变态恐惧焦虑虐待癖受虐癖 中图分类号:I106文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-1578(2009)10-0057-02

失窃的信

失窃的信。它是由埃德加爱伦坡写的。现在通常称为他的恐怖故事。这是三个故事他写了约奥古斯特杜平,和他如何解决犯罪的第三。这个故事是关于一个偷来的信。它第一次出现在一八四四年度杂志。它被重印了许多出版物,报纸和书籍。这是一个坡的故事,影响了发展现代侦探故事。这是奥尼尔为“失窃的信。” "The Purloined Letter" is a short story by American author Edgar Allan Poe. It is the third of his three detective stories featuring the fictional C. Auguste Dupin, the other two being "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" and "The Mystery of Marie Rogêt". These stories are considered to be important early forerunners of the modern detective story. It first appeared in the literary annual The Gift for 1845 (1844) and was soon reprinted in numerous journals and newspapers. “失窃的信”是由美国作家埃德加爱伦坡的短篇故事。这是他的三本侦探小说以虚构的 C. Auguste Dupin第三,其他两个是“在太平间谋杀案”和“神秘的玛丽罗格êT”。这些故事都被认为是现代侦探小说重要的早期先驱。它第一次出现在文学年度礼物1845(1844),很快就被转载在许多期刊和报纸。 The unnamed narrator is discussing with the famous Parisian amateur detective C. Auguste Dupin some of his most celebrated cases when they are joined by the Prefect of the Police, a man known as G—. The Prefect has a case he would like to discuss with Dupin. A letter has been stolen from the boudoir of an unnamed female by the unscrupulous Minister D—. It is said to contain compromising information. D— was in the room, saw the letter, and switched it for a letter of no importance. He has been blackmailing his victim. The Prefect makes two deductions with which Dupin does not disagree: 1.The contents of the letter have not been revealed, as this would have led to certain circumstances that have not arisen. Therefore Minister D—still has the letter in his possession. 2.The ability to produce the letter at a moment's notice is almost as important as actual possession of the letter. Therefore, he must have the letter close at hand. The Prefect says that he and his police detectives have searched the Ministerial hotel where D—stays and have found nothing. They checked behind the wallpaper and under the carpets. His men have examined the tables and chairs with magnifying glasses and then probed the cushions with needles but have found no sign of interference; the letter is not hidden in these places. Dupin asks the Prefect if he knows what he is seeking and the Prefect reads off a minute description of the letter, which Dupin memorizes. The Prefect then bids them good day. A month later, the Prefect returns, still bewildered in his search for the missing letter. He is motivated to continue his fruitless search by the promise of a large reward, recently doubled, upon the letter's safe return, and he will pay 50,000 francs to anyone who can help him. Dupin asks him to write that check now and he will give him the letter. The Prefect is astonished, but knows that Dupin is not joking. He writes the check and Dupin produces the letter. The Prefect determines that it is genuine and races off to deliver it to the victim. Alone together, the narrator asks Dupin how he found the letter. Dupin explains the Paris police are competent within their limitations, but have underestimated with whom they are dealing. The

爱伦坡短篇小说赏析

一声梧叶一声秋 ——由《人群中的人》浅析爱伦坡笔下的现代社会版权所有:快绿斋主人浙江大学 内容梗概 “我”大病初愈坐在伦敦D咖啡馆的窗前,掌灯时分,观察咖啡馆里和街上的人群。一开始“我”只是总体看,后来开始关注细节,从他们的服饰和举止来判断他们的身份和地位。 “我”先观察上流社会的人。他们中有“志得意满”“虚伪夸张”的世袭贵族、有闲阶级和生意人;也有“傲慢”、追逐时髦的低级职员和“体面”的高级职员;还有“假作诚实”的扒手,“印堂发黑”的赌徒,“耍小聪明”的“绅士。 接着“我”观察下层社会的人:小贩、醉汉、乞丐、女工、妓女……随着夜深,他们越来越多。“我”转而观察每个人的面孔。 这是“我”观察到一个老人,他有着极为特殊的表情,充满了矛盾,那表情“包含着巨大的精神力量,包含着小心谨慎,包含着吝啬小气,包含着贪婪,包含着冷酷,包含着恶毒,包含着渴血,包含着得意,包含着快活,包含着极度的恐惧,也包含着无比的绝望”。“我”想进一步观察他,于是就开始跟踪他。 老人的衣着也充满矛盾,又脏又破的衣服下竟有一把镶钻的短剑。“我”跟随老人来到一条条街,如果人少,老人就痛苦不安;如果人多,老人就快活紧张。从街巷到集市,从广场到大剧院,最后甚至到了贫民区。当人们渐渐散去,老人脸上是“比绝望还强烈的表情”。 然而他并不停止,又回到市中心,像昨天一样又开始追逐人群。 “我”最终不再追踪,而是径直来到老人面前,但他对“我”视而不见。“我”得出结

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分析爱伦·坡恐怖小说的变态心理因素

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2009年11月第32卷第6期 外国语 J ou rna l of F oreign L anguages Nove mber2009 Vol.32No.6 文章编号:1004-5139(2009)06-0064-08 中图分类号:I106.4 文献标识码:A 爱伦?坡科幻小说的人文关怀 朱振武1,吴 妍2 (1.上海大学外国语学院, 上海200444;2.沈阳化工学院外语系, 辽宁沈阳110142) 摘 要:科幻小说作为工业文明崛起后一种特殊的文化现象,在19世纪美国作家爱伦?坡的笔下得到了诠释。本文试图把爱伦?坡的科幻小说放回到其所处历史文化语境中进行解读,阐明他在开创现代科幻小说过程中所具有的严肃性和高尚精神。爱伦?坡秉承传统,在其科幻的文学想象中不但以科学的严谨性和预见性洞察19世纪初期人们的生存困境和发展危机,还试图在更广阔的时空中为人类寻觅摆脱困境的路径,为其小说的经典化打下了良好的基础,也是其作品具有当下意义的一个重要原因。 关键词:爱伦?坡;科幻小说;人文关怀;和谐 Hu man isti c Concern of Edgar All an Poe’s Sc i ence F i cti on ZHU Zhenw u1,WU Yan2 (1.Co ll ege o f Fo re i gn Language s,Sha ngha iU n i ve rsity,S ha ngha i200444,C h i na;2.D ep a rt m en t o f Fo re i gn Langua ge s,Shenya ng U n i ve rs ity o f C hem i ca l Te chno l o gy,Shenya ng110142,C h i na) Abstract∶A s a particular cultural phenomenon arising fr om I ndustrial Revoluti on,science ficti on came out as a genre of popular st ories by the nineteenth2century American writer Edgar A llan Poe.This paper atte mp ts t o inter p ret Poe’s science ficti on in relati on t o his cultural m ilieu,thereby demonstrating his seri ousness and high2m indedness in creating modern science ficti on.Foll owing the hu manistic traditi on,Poe in his science ficti on not only penetrates Americans’living p redica ments early in the nineteenth century,but als o endeavors t o find the way out for mankind in a capaci ous ti m e and s pace.Theref ore,the paper supp lies an access t o the classicalizati on of Poe’s popular st ories. Key words∶Edgar A llan Poe;science ficti on;hu manistic concern;har mony 19世纪美国著名文学家埃德加?爱伦?坡(Edgar A llan Poe,1809-1848)凭借惊人的创造力、文学禀赋和少有的勤奋奠定了自己在世界文学中的显赫地位,并被公认为侦探小说、恐怖小说乃至科幻小说①(science ficti on)之父。同其他几种小说样式一样,学界对于爱伦?坡的科幻小说的认识和肯定,主要是基于其开拓性的创作、模式化的初步形成和对后来小说的深远影响,而对其作品何以如此深入人心且渐趋经典化的另一重要因素,也就是其人文关怀则鲜有论及。正如耶鲁学派批评家哈罗德?布鲁姆曾说,“自爱伦?坡以来,再也没有一位美国作家是如此的让人不可回避,而 46 ①关于科幻小说的界定,时下中国的科幻小说界一般比较认同艾萨克?阿西莫夫的观点:科学小说是文学的一个分支,主要描绘虚构的社会,这个社会与现实社会的不同之处在于科学发展的性质和程度。科幻小说的关键在于幻想,是以科学为对象,以科学为线索,而不是以科学问题为小说的主旨,这样就与“神魔小说”的幻想和社会小说的幻想区别开来。另外,把science ficti on翻译为“科学小说”的缺点在于容易与其他科普读物混淆,而翻译成“科幻小说”则突出了作品的特性(参见范伯群、孔庆东主编《通俗文学十五讲》,北京:北京大学出版社,2003年,第258-259页)。至于爱伦?坡能否称为科幻小说之父,这一点还是值得商榷的,因为早在1818年(是年爱伦?坡9岁,还没有任何文学创作)英国著名诗人雪莱的妻子玛丽?雪莱(Mary Shelley,1797-1851)就已经出版了以人造人为小说题材的《弗兰肯斯坦》(Frankenstein),玛丽?雪莱堪称“科幻小说之母”。

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