中英文文献以及翻译(化工类)
化工专业英语课文翻译
Unit 5 Basic Chemicals基本化学品我们将化学工业部门分成两类，生产量较大的部门和产量较低的部门。
在产量高的部门中，各种化学品的年产量达上万吨至几十万吨。
结果这样所用的工厂专门生产某一个单个产品。
这些工厂的连续方式进行操作，自动化程度高（计算机控制）归类于产量高的部门有硫酸，含磷化合物，含氮化合物，氯碱及其相关化合物，加上石油化学品和商品聚合物（如聚乙烯）（生产部门）。
除商品聚合物外，其它的均为重要的中间体，或基本化学品。
这些基本化学品是其他许多化学品的生产原料，其他许多基本化学品的需求量很大。
相反，产量低的部门主要从事精细化学品的生产。
单个化学品的年产量只有几十吨到几千吨。
然而，与高产量的产品相比，这些产品单位重量具有很高的价值。
通常，精细化斜坡的生产与间歇方式操作在工厂中，而且这些工厂常进行多种产品的生产。
低产量生产部门生产农用化学品，染料，药品和特种聚合物（如聚醚醚酮）。
基础化学品在化学工业中得不到支持，它们不那么引人注意（如药品），有时候利润不很高。
其利润来自于经济盛衰时难以预测的周期。
这些基本化学品不被公众注意到和直接使用，因此其重要性常得不到理解。
即使在化学工业中，其重要性也得不到足够的重视。
然而，如果没有这些基本化学品，其他工业就不复存在。
基本化学品处于原料（及那些从地下通过采矿、开采或用泵抽出来的物质）和最终产品的中间位置。
基本化学品的一个显著的特征就是它们的生产规模，每一种（基本化学品）的生产规模都相当大。
图2-1表示在1993 年美国市场上的25 中化学品。
（为了使我们了解化学品的分类与生产量有关。
）通常，基本化学品生产于那些年产量上万吨的工厂。
年产量10 万吨的工厂每小时要生产1.25 吨。
基本化学品的另一显著重要的特征是其价格。
大多数价格相当便宜。
基本化学品工业所作的工作（或任务）是找到经济的途径将原来转变为有用的中间体。
生产厂家要对它们的产品收取较高的价格几乎没有余地，因此，那些最低费用生产产品的厂家可能获得的利润最高。
化学专业外文文献初稿和译文稿
化学专业外文文献初稿和译文稿引言该文档旨在提供化学专业的外文文献初稿和译文稿。
以下是一个初步概述，其中包含选定的文献和简要讨论。
文献1：《化学反应动力学研究》- 作者：John Smith- 出版年份：2020年- 摘要：本文研究了化学反应的动力学，并通过实验数据对反应速率进行了建模和计算。
作者使用了不同的方法来确定反应活化能和动力学常数，并通过分析反应机理来解释实验结果。
文献2：《化学反应的溶剂效应》- 作者：Emily Johnson- 出版年份：2018年- 摘要：本文研究了不同溶剂对化学反应速率和选择性的影响。
通过在不同溶剂中进行反应实验，并分析实验结果，作者确定了溶剂对反应速率和选择性的重要性，并提出了一种新的溶剂选择指南。
译文稿请注意，以下是对上述两篇文献的简要翻译稿，仅供参考。
文献1翻译稿《化学反应动力学研究》是John Smith于2020年发表的一篇关于化学反应动力学的研究论文。
该文研究了化学反应的动力学，并通过实验数据对反应速率进行了建模和计算。
作者使用了不同的方法来确定反应活化能和动力学常数，并通过分析反应机理来解释实验结果。
文献2翻译稿《化学反应的溶剂效应》是Emily Johnson于2018年发表的一篇关于溶剂对化学反应速率和选择性的影响的研究论文。
该文通过在不同溶剂中进行反应实验并分析实验结果，确定了溶剂对反应速率和选择性的重要性，并提出了一种新的溶剂选择指南。
结论该文档提供了两篇化学专业的外文文献初稿和译文稿的简要介绍。
这些文献涵盖了化学反应动力学和化学反应的溶剂效应两个重要研究领域。
通过阅读这些文献，读者可以了解到关于化学反应动力学和溶剂选择的最新研究成果，并为进一步的研究提供了参考依据。
化学专业外文文献原稿和译文
外文文献原稿和译文原稿Facile synthesis of hierarchical core–shell Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au as magnetically recyclable catalysts for catalytic oxidation of alcoholsA novel core–shell structural Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au nanocatalyst was simply synthesized via supporting Au nanoparticles on the MgAl–LDH surface of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH nanospheres. The catalyst exhibited excellent activity for the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol, and can be effectively recovered by using an external magnetic field.The selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds is a greatly important transformation in synthesis chemistry. Recently, it has been disclosed that hydrotalcite (layered double hydroxides: LDH)-supported Cu, Ag and Au nanoparticles as environmentally benign catalysts could catalyse the oxidation of alcohol with good efficiency. In particular, the Au nanoparticles supported on hydrotalcite exhibit high activity for the oxidation of alcohols under atmospheric O2 without additives. It has been extensively demonstrated that the activity of the nanometre-sized catalysts will benefit from decreasing the particle size. However, as the size of the support is decreased, separation using physical methods, such as filtration or centrifugation, becomes a difficult and time-consuming procedure. A possible solution could be the development of catalysts with magnetic properties, allowing easy separation of the catalyst by simply applying an external magnetic field. From the green chemistry point of view, development of highly active, selective and recyclable catalysts has become critical. Therefore, magnetically separable nanocatalysts have received increasing attention in recent years because the minimization in the consumption of auxiliary substances, energy and time used in achieving separations canresult in significant economical and environmental benefits.Magnetic composites with a core–shell structure allow the integration of multiple functionalities into a single nanoparticle system, and offer unique advantages for applications, particularly in biomedicine and catalysis. However it is somewhat of a challenge to directly immobilize hierarchical units onto the magnetic cores. In our previous work, the Fe3O4 submicro-spheres were first coated with a thin carbon layer, then coated with MgAl–LDH to obtain an anticancer agent-containing Fe3O4@DFUR–LDH as drug targeting delivery vector. Li et al. prepared Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH through a layer-by-layer assembly of delaminated LDH nanosheets as a magnetic matrix for loading W7O24as a catalyst. These core–shell structural nanocomposites possess the magnetization of magnetic materials and multiple functionalities of the LDH materials. Nevertheless, these reported synthesis routes need multi-step and sophisticated procedures. Herein, we design a facile synthesis strategy for the fabrication of a novel Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au nanocatalyst, consisting of Au particles supported on oriented grown MgAl–LDH crystals over the Fe3O4 nanospheres, which combines the excellent catalytic properties of Au nanoparticles with the superparamagnetism of the magnetite nanoparticles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance of direct immobilization of vertically oriented MgAl–LDH platelet-like nanocrystals onto the Fe3O4 core particles by a simple coprecipitation method and the fabrication of hierarchical magnetic metal-supported nanocatalysts via further supporting metal nanoparticles.As illustrated in Scheme 1, the synthesis strategy of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au involves two key aspects. Nearly monodispersed magnetite particles were pre-synthesized using a surfactant-free solvothermal method. First, the Fe3O4 suspension was adjusted to a pH of ca. 10, and thus the obtained fully negatively charged Fe3O4spheres were easily coated with a layer of oriented grown carbonate–MgAl–LDH via electrostatic attraction followed by interface nucleation and crystal growth under dropwise addition of salts and alkaline solutions. Second, Au nanoparticles were effectively supported on thus-formed support Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH by a deposition–precipitation method (see details in ESI).Fig. 1 depicts the SEM/TEM images of the samples at various stages of the fabrication of the Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au nanocatalyst. The Fe3O4nanospheres (Fig. 1a) show asmooth surface and a mean diameter of 450 nm with a narrow size distribution (Fig. S1, ESI). After direct coating with carbonate–MgAl–LDH (Fig. 1b), a honeycomb like morphology with many voids in the size range of 100–200 nm is clearly observed, and the LDH shell is composed of interlaced platelets of ca. 20 nm thickness. Interestingly, the MgAl–LDH shell presents a marked preferred orientation with the c-axis parallel to, and the ab-face perpendicular to the surface of the magnetite cores, quite different from those of a previous report. A similar phenomenon has only been observed for the reported LDH films and the growth of layered hydroxides on cation-exchanged polymer resin beads. The TEM image of two separate nanospheres (Fig. 1d) undoubtedly confirms the core–shell structure of the Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH with the Fe3O4 cores well-coated by a layer of LDH nanocrystals. In detail, the MgAl–LDH crystal monolayers are formed as large thin nanosheet-like particles, showing a edge-curving lamella with a thickness of ca. 20 nm and a width of ca. 100 nm, growing from the magnetite core to the outer surface and perpendicular to the Fe3O4surface. The outer honeycomb like microstructure of the obtained core–shell Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH nanospheres with a surface area of 43.3 m2g_1 provides abundant accessible edge and junction sites of LDH crystals making it possible for this novel hierarchical composite to support metal nanoparticles. With such a structural morphology, interlaced perpendicularly oriented MgAl–LDH nanocrystals can facilitate the immobilization of nano-metal particles along with avoiding the possible aggregation.Scheme 1 The synthetic strategy of an Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au catalyst.Fig. 1 SEM (a, b and c), TEM (d and e) and HRTEM (f) images and EDX spectrum (g) of Fe3O4 (a), Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH (b and d) and Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au (c, e, f and g).Fig. 2 XRD patterns of Fe3O4 (a), Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH (b) and Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au(c).The XRD results (Fig. 2) demonstrate that the Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH nanospheres are composed of an hcp MgAl–LDH (JCPDS 89-5434) and fcc Fe3O4 (JCPDS 19-0629). It canbe clearly seen from Fig. 2b that the series (00l) reflections at low 2θ angles aresignificantly reduced compared with those of single MgAl–LDH (Fig. S2, ESI), while the (110) peak at high 2θangle is clearly distinguished with relatively less decrease, as revealed by greatly reduced I(003)/I(110) = 0.8 of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH than that of MgAl–LDH (3.9). This phenomenon is a good evidence for an extremely well-oriented assembly of MgAl–LDH platelet-like crystals consistent with the c-axis of the crystals being parallel to the surface of an Fe3O4core. The particle dimension in the c-axis is calculated as ~ 25 nm using the Scherrer equation (eqn S1, ESI) based on the (003) line width (Fig. 2b), in good agreement with the SEM/TEM results. The energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) result (Fig. S3, ESI) of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH reveals the existence of Mg, Al, Fe and O elements, and the Mg/Al molar ratio of 2.7 close to the expected one (3.0), indicating the complete coprecipitation of metal cations for MgAl–LDH coating on the surface of Fe3O4.The FTIR data (Fig. S4, ESI) further evidence the chemical compositions and structural characteristics of the composites. The as-prepared Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH nanosphere shows a sharp absorption at ca. 1365 cm_1 being attributed to the ν3 (asymmetric stretching) mode of CO32_ ions and a peak at 584 cm_1 to the Fe–O lattice mode of the magnetite phase, indicating the formation of a CO32–LDH shell on the surface of the Fe3O4 core. Meanwhile, a strong broad band around 3420 cm_1 can be identified as the hydroxyl stretching mode, arising from metal hydroxyl groups and hydrogen-bonded interlayer water molecules. Another absorption resulting from the hydroxyl deformation mode of water, δ(H2O), is recorded at ca. 1630 cm_1.Based on the successful synthesis of honeycomb like core–shell nanospheres, Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH, our recent work further reveals that this facile synthesis approach can be extended to prepare various core–shell structured LDH-based hierarchical magnetic nanocomposites according to the tenability of the LDH layer compositions, such as NiAl–LDH and CuNiAl–LDH (Fig. S3, ESI).Gold nanoparticles were further assembled on the honeycomb likeMgAl–LDH platelet-like nanocrystals of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH. Though the XRD pattern (Fig. 2c) fails to show the characteristics of Au nanoparticles, it can be clearly seen by the TEM of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au (Fig. 1e) that Au nanoparticles are evenly distributed on the edgeand junction sites of the interlaced MgAl–LDH nanocrystals with a mean diameter of 7.0 nm (Fig. S5, ESI), implying their promising catalytic activity. Meanwhile, the reduced packing density (large void) and the less sharp edge of LDH platelet-like nanocrystals can be observed (Fig. 1c and e). To get more insight on structural information of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au, the HRTEM image was obtained (Fig. 1f). It can be observed that both the Au and MgAl–LDH nanophases exhibit clear crystallinity as evidenced by well-defined lattice fringes. The interplanar distances of 0.235 and 0.225 nm for two separate nanophases can be indexed to the (111) plane of cubic Au (JCPDS 89-3697) and the (015) facet of the hexagonal MgAl–LDH phase (inset in Fig. 1f and Fig. S6 (ESI)). The EDX data (Fig. 1g) indicate that the magnetic core–shell particle contains Au, Mg, Al, Fe and O elements. The Au content is determined as 0.5 wt% upon ICP-AES analysis.Table 1 Recycling results on the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol The VSM analysis (Fig. S7, ESI) shows the typical superparamagnetism of the samples. The lower saturation magnetization (Ms) of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH (20.9 emu g_1) than the Fe3O4 (83.8 emu g_1) is mainly due to the contribution of non-magnetic MgAl–LDH coatings (68 wt%) to the total sample. Interestingly, Ms of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au is greatly enhanced to 49.2 emu g_1, in line with its reduced MgAl–LDH content (64 wt%). This phenomenon can be ascribed to the removal of weakly linked MgAl–LDH particles among the interlaced MgAl–LDH nanocrystals during the Au loading process, which results in a less densely packed MgAl–LDH shell as indicated by SEM. The strong magnetic sensitivity of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au provides an easy and effective way to separate nanocatalysts from a reaction system.The catalytic oxidation of 1-phenylethanol as a probe reaction over the present novel magnetic Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au (7.0 nm Au) nanocatalyst demonstrates high catalytic activity. The yield of acetophenone is 99%, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 66 h_1,which is similar to that of the previously reported Au/MgAl–LDH (TOF, 74 h_1) with a Au average size of 2.7 nm at 40 1C, implying that the catalytic activity of Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au can be further enhanced as the size of Au nanoparticles is decreased. Meanwhile, the high activity and selectivity of the Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au can be related to the honeycomb like morphology of the support Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH being favourable to the high dispersion of Au nanoparticles and possible concerted catalysis of the basic support. Five reaction cycles have been tested for the Au nanocatalysts after easy magnetic separation by using a magnet (4500 G), and no deactivation of the catalyst has been observed (Table 1). Moreover, no Au, Mg and Al leached into the supernatant as confirmed by ICP (detection limit: 0.01 ppm) and almost the same morphology remained as evidenced by SEM of the reclaimed catalyst (Fig. S8, ESI).In conclusion, a novel hierarchical core–shell magnetic gold nanocatalyst Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au is first fabricated via a facile synthesis method. The direct coating of LDH plateletlike nanocrystals vertically oriented to the Fe3O4 surface leads to a honeycomb like core–shell Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH nanosphere. By a deposition–precipitation method, a gold-supported magnetic nanocatalyst Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au has been obtained, which not only presents high 1-phenylethanol oxidation activity, but can be conveniently separated by an external magnetic field as well. Moreover, a series of magnetic Fe3O4@LDH nanospheres involving NiAl–LDH and CuNiAl–LDH can be fabricated based on the LDH layer composition tunability and multi-functionality of the LDH materials, making it possible to take good advantage of these hierarchical core–shell materials in many important applications in catalysis, adsorption and sensors.This work is supported by the 973 Program (2011CBA00508).译文简易合成易回收的分层核壳Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au磁性纳米粒子催化剂催化氧化醇类物质一种新的核壳结构的Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH@Au纳米催化剂的制备只是通过Au离子负载在已合成的纳米粒子Fe3O4@MgAl–LDH球体的MgAl–LDH的表面上。
化学化工类外文翻译+原文
化学工业Chemical Industry1.化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，但我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是从近代才开始的。
可以认为它起源于工业革命其间，大约在1800年，并发展成为为其它工业部门提供化学原料的产业。
比如制肥皂所用的碱，棉布生产所用的漂白粉，玻璃制造业所用的硅及Na2CO3。
我们会注意到所有这些都是无机物。
有机化学工业的开始是在十九世纪六十年代以William Henry Perkin 发现第一种合成染料—苯胺紫并加以开发利用为标志的。
20世纪初，德国花费大量资金用于实用化学方面的重点研究，到1914年，德国的化学工业在世界化学产品市场上占有75%的份额。
这要归因于新染料的发现以及接触法制硫酸和氨的哈伯生产工艺的发展。
而后者需要较大的技术突破使得化学反应第一次可以在非常高的压力条件下进行。
这方面所取得的成绩对德国很有帮助。
特别是由于1914年第一次世界大战的爆发，对以氮为基础的化合物的需求飞速增长。
这种深刻的改变一直持续到第一次世界大战结束至第二次世界大战开始这段时间(1918-1939年)。
1940年以来，化学工业一直以引人注目的速度飞速发展。
尽管这种发展的速度近年来已大大减慢。
化学工业的发展由于1950年以来石油化学领域的研究和开发大部分在有机化学方面取得。
石油化工在60年代和70年代的迅猛发展主要是由于人们对于合成高聚物如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龙、聚脂和环氧树脂的需求巨大增加。
今天的化学工业已经是制造业中有着许多分支的部门，并且在制造业中起着核心的作用。
它生产了数千种不同的化学产品，而人们通常只接触到终端产品或消费品。
这些产品被购买是因为他们具有某些性质适合人们的一些特别的用途，例如，用于盆的不粘涂层或一种杀虫剂。
这些化学产品归根到底是由于它们能产生的作用而被购买的。
2.化学工业的定义在本世纪初，要定义什么是化学工业是不太困难的，因为那时所生产的化学品是很有限的，而且是非常清楚的化学品，例如，烧碱，硫酸。
常见的化工词汇中英文对照()
工艺流程? ?连续过程continuous process 间歇过程batch process工艺叙述process description 工艺特点process feature操作operation反应reaction副反应side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation倾析decantation催化反应catalytical reaction 萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis过滤filtration干燥drying还原reduction氧化oxidation氢化hydrogenation分解decomposition离解dissociation 合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption结晶crystallization溶解solution调节modulate控制control悬浮suspension循环circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation沥取leaching破碎crushing煅烧caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation气化gasification冷冻refrigeration固化、结晶solidification 包装package升华sublimation燃烧combustion引烧ignition蒸馏distillation碳化carbonization压缩compression化学物质及特性固体solid液体liquid气体gas化合物compound混合物mixture粉powder片状粉未flake小粒granule结晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent还原剂reducing agent有机物organic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor贫液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝剂flocculants冷冻盐水brine酸度acidity浓度concentration碱度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固点solidificalion point 沸点boiling point熔点melting point蒸发率evaporation rate粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent(a) 无水的anhydrous(a)外观appearance无色的colorless(a) 透明的transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化剂catalyst燃烧combustion引燃ignition自然点self-ignition temperature可燃气体combustible gas可燃液体inflammable liquid易燃液体volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限explosive concentration limit废水waste water废液waste liquid废气off-gas噪声noise pollution成分composition挠度deflection力和力矩force and moment弯矩bending moment应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram百分比percentage环境温度ambient temperature工作温度operating设计温度design temperature(pressure)相对湿度RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥sludge杂质impurity化工设备泵pump轴流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump涡轮泵turbine pump涡流泵vortex pump离心泵centrifugal pump喷射泵jet pump转子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump 计量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齿轮泵gear pump手摇泵hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump潜水泵submersible pump斜转子泵inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump气升泵air-lift-pump轴承bearing叶轮impeller虹吸管siphon高压容器high pressure vessel焚化炉incinerator火焰清除器flame arrester工业炉furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler回转窑rotary kiln加热器heater电加热器electric heater冷却器cooler冷凝器condenser换热器heat exchanger反应器reactor蒸馏釜still搅拌器agitator混合器mixer静态混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎机crusher磨碎机grinder研磨机pulverizer球磨机ballmill过滤器filter分离器separator干燥器drier翅片fins烟囱stack火炬flare筛子screen煅烧窑calciner倾析器decanter蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler 萃取器extractor离心机centrifuger吸附（收）器adsorber结晶器crystallizer电解槽electrolyzer电除尘器electric precipitator洗涤器scrubber消石灰器slaker料仓bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分级器classifier浮洗器flocculator废液池sump喷射器ejector喷头sprayer成套设备package unit仪器设备apparatus附属设备accessory旋转式压缩机rotary compressor往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机nash compressor螺杆式压缩机helical screw compressor离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor多级压缩机mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器fixed bed reactor流化床反应器fluidized bed reactor管式反应器tubular reactor列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column板式塔plate column填料塔packed column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液体分配（布）器liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升气管chimney顶(底)层塔盘top (bottom) tray挡板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap筛板sieve plate浮阀float valve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt椭圆封头elliptical head高位槽head tank中间槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank补给槽make-up tank计量槽measuring tank电解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分离器knockout drum稀释罐thinning tank缓冲罐surge drum回流罐reflux drum闪蒸罐flash drum浮顶罐floating roof tank内浮顶罐covered floating roof tank球罐spheroid气柜gas holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀rotary valve抽滤器mutche filter压滤器filter press压滤机pressure filter板框压滤器plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter带式过滤器belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器bag filter旋风分离器cyclone separator盘式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier 隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回转干燥器rotary drier穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder颚式破碎机jaw crusher回转破碎机gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机roll crusher锤式破碎机hammer crusher冲击破碎机rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机jet pulverizer棍磨机rod mill雷蒙机raymond mill锤磨机hammer mill辊磨机roller mill振动筛vibrating screen回转筛rotary screen风机fan罗茨鼓风机root's blower起重机crane桥式起重机bridge crane电动葫芦motor hoist发电机generator电动机motor汽轮机steam turbine管道工程piping engineering1 阀门valve阀杆stem内螺纹阀杆inside screw阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘disc阀体body阀盖bonnet手轮hand wheel手柄hand level (handle)压盖gland闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板split wedge截止阀globe valve节流阀throttle valve针阀needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀piston type valve旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve翻板止回阀flap check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve安全泄气阀safety[SV]安全泄放阀relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀bellow sealed valve电磁阀solenoid (operated) valve电动阀electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阀mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open (top) bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀breather valve减压阀pressure reducing valve控制阀control valve执行机构actuator差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve 切断阀block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阀jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢管stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe 电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve根部阀root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube壁厚wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy (strong)弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow长半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带支座三通base tee45°斜三通45°lateralY型三通true"Y"四通cross异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer管接头coupling;full coupling活接头union 短管nipple预制弯管fabricated pipe bendU型弯管"U"bend法兰端flanged end万向接头universal joint对焊的butt welded[BW]螺纹的threaded[THD]承插焊的socket welded[SW]法兰flange[FLG]整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰slip-on flange平焊法兰slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖blind flange;blind异径法兰reducing flange压力级pressure rating(class)突面raised face[RF]凸面male face凹面female face全平面;满平面flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件piping speciality粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时过滤器temporary strainer(cone type) Y型过滤器Y-type strainerT型过滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower 视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷咀;喷头spray nozzle喷射器ejector取样冷却器sample cooler消音器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow补偿器compensator软管接头hose connection[HC]快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel8字盲板spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁cast iron[C.I.]铝aluminum铜,紫铜copper钛titanium抗拉强度tensile strength非金属材料non-metallic material塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡胶rubber垫片gasket[GSKT]平垫片flat gasket填料packing型钢shaped steel角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beam扁钢flat bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel网络钢板checkered plate材料表bill of material[BOM]材料统计material take-off[MTO]散装材料bulk material综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summarysheet[CPMSS]汇总表summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line装置边界boundary limit[BL]区界area limit 设备布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面elevation[EL]支撑点point of support[POS]工厂北向plant north方位orientation危险区hazardous area classification净正吸入压头net positive suction head绝对标高absolute elevation坐标coordinate管道研究piping study管道布置平面piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置piping assembly; layout详图detail"X"视图view "X""A-A" 剖视section "A-A"轴测图isometric drawing索引图key plan管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管线号line number总管header; manifold旁路by pass常开normally open常闭normally closed取样接口sampling connection伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line全夹套管full jacketed比例scale图figure草图sketch图例legend符号symbol件号part n。
化学化工类外文翻译 原文
化学化工类外文翻译原文Original Text:Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 BackgroundNuclear energy has been providing a significant share of the world’s electricity for more than half a century. Currently, nuclear power plants generate approximately 10% of the world’s electricity supply, with this figure increasing to over 30% in some countries such as France [1]. However, for nuclear energy to continue to be an important source of electricity in the future, the safe and efficient operation of nuclear power plants must be ensured. A key component of ensuring safe and efficient operation is the availability of inspection techniques that can detect defects, assess their severity, and monitor their growth over time.The presence of defects in materials used in nuclear power plants can arise from a number of sources including fabrication, welding, and service exposure. Defects can manifest themselves as a variety of features such as cracks, voids, inclusions, and inhomogeneities. Defects can be classified based on their size, shape, and orientation, with some defectsbeing more critical to the performance and safety of a component than others. For example, surface-breaking transverse cracks in pressure vessel components can be particularly critical since they can rapidly propagate under service loading and can lead to catastrophic failure if not detected and remedied in a timely manner [2].Inspection techniques used to detect and monitor defects in nuclear power plant components are continually evolving. Inspection methods have traditionally included visual examination, ultrasonics, radiography, and eddy current testing [3]. These techniques have proven reliable and effective, but have limitations such as the inability to inspect certain materials and geometries. In addition, advances in materials science and technology have led to the development of new materials with different physical and chemical properties that may not be well-suited to traditional inspection techniques. Therefore, there is a need to develop and optimize inspection techniques that are capable of detecting andmonitoring defects in advanced materials and structures.1.2 Objectives and ScopeThe primary objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the different types of inspection techniques that are currently used in the nuclearpower industry for detecting, characterizing, and monitoring defects in materials and components. The chapter will discuss the limitations of current inspection techniques and the challenges associated with the inspection of advanced materials and structures. The chapter will also highlight recent developments in inspection techniques including the use of advanced sensors, imaging, and data analysis techniques.The scope of the chapter will cover a range of inspection techniques used in the nuclear power industry including visual examination, ultrasonics, radiography, eddy current testing, and other techniques such as thermography and acoustic emission testing. The chapter will focus on the application of these techniques to welds, pressure vessels, steam generators, and reactor components. The chapter will also briefly discuss the use of inspection techniques for other applications such as monitoring corrosion and degradation of materials.1.3 Organization of the ChapterThe remainder of this chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 provides an overview of visual examination and its application to the inspection of nuclear power plant components. Section 3 describes ultrasonic inspection techniques and their use in detecting and characterizing defects in materials and components.Section 4 discusses radiography and its use forimaging defects in materials. Section 5 covers eddy current testing and its application to the detectionof surface and subsurface defects. Section 6 provides an overview of other non-destructive evaluation techniques such as thermography and acoustic emission testing. Section 7 summarizes recent developments in inspection techniques including the use of advanced sensors and imaging techniques. Section 8 concludesthe chapter with a discussion of challenges and future directions in inspection technology for nuclear power plant components.中文翻译：第一章绪论1.1 背景核能已经为全球电力供应提供了半个多世纪的重要部分。
外文文献翻译
I. Simakovaa, A. Koskina, I. Deliya, A. SimakovbaBoreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of Academy of Sciences, pr. Ak. Lavrentieva, 5,630090, Novosibirsk, Russia, simakova@catalysis.ru,bCentro de Ciencias de la MateriaCondensada, Universidad NacionalAutónoma de México,Apdo.Postal 2681, Ensenada, B.C., México, andrey@ccmc.unam.mx摘要纳米钯催化剂的应用已获得超过过去几年中日益增长的重要性。
精细有机合成钯基催化方法允许更换传统的多步有机合成技术的劳动消耗，并从成本和环境影响的角度来看提供改善。
已培育的高比表面积活性炭的“Sibunit”的基板作为催化剂的基材使用，无论是在酸性或是碱性介质，同时在其表面超强酸性中心可以促进催化运行过程中产生不良反应情况下的化学惰性。
一种转换α-蒎烯商业的生物活性化合物衍生品和香水，以及与太阳紫外线过滤属性屏幕，作为一个重要的中间步骤，涉及催化加氢。
目前的工作目的是所要澄清的因素，有利于碳金属Pd的分散。
碳还原温度和预处理影响金属的大小在关于“Sibunit”选择性verbenol转换催化剂制备钯表面研究。
用电子显微镜法（TEM）来显示钯碳表面影响双氧水，硝酸氧化的金属分散度，硝酸。
在Pd / C催化剂样品verbenol加氢反应的催化活性是确定的。
最活跃的催化剂样品动力学特性在verbenol加氢反应获得。
关键词：TEM，钯，活性炭，萜类，香料，精细化学品1．引言超过钯金属催化剂的选择性加氢是用来生产有机化工原料最令人鼓舞的方式，包括染料等东西，药品，香料，维生素和有价值的商业中间体[1]。
化工原料和产品中英文对照(DOC 450页)
灭滴灵Metronidazole柠檬酸Citric Acid硝酸钙calcium nitrate癸二酸Sebacic Acid冰醋酸glacial acetic acid 中国最庞大的下载资料库维生素C磷酸镁Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate 对苯二酚Hydroquinone环丙沙星盐酸CIPROFLOXACIN HCL氢氧化钠Sodium Hydroxide吗菌灵醋酸盐dodemorph acetate烯酰吗啉dimethomorph百菌清Chlorothalonil尼索朗hexythiazox哒螨灵pyridaben葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯glucono delta lactone硫酸粘杆菌素colistine sulfate恩诺沙星Enrofloxacin Base土霉素盐酸OxyTetraCycline HCl黄磷Yellow Phosphorus索布瑞醇Sobrerol焦棓酸PYROGALLOL硫乙醇酸THIOGL YCOLLIC ACID茴香硫醚THIOANISOLE1-溴-3-氯丙烷1-BROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE 氟苯FLUOROBENZEN叔丁基胺tert-butylamine丙烯酸树脂Acrylic resin顺铂Cisplatin卡铂Carboplatin依托泊苷Etoposide食用乳糖EDIBLE LACTOSE十六烷醇cetyl alcohol甘油Glycerine过硫酸铵ammonium persulfate三聚磷酸钠Sodium tripolyphosphate氧化镁Magnesium oxide 97%硅酸乙酯Ethyl silicate 40青蒿琥酯Artesunate磷酸三钠triSodium Phosphate对苯二酚hydroquinone月桂醇硫酸钠sldium lauryl sulfate对羟基苯甲酸para hydroxy benzoic acid乙酰基六角缩氨酸-3 Acetyl Hexapeptide-3双氰胺Dicyandiamide二氯异氰尿酸钠SODIUM DICHLORO ISO CY ANURATE 氯霉素棕榈酸酯CHLORAMPHENICOL PALMITATE三硬脂酸铝Aluminium Tristearate Micronized sterile维生素B6 VITAMIN B6磺胺胍Sulfaguanidine松香树脂Gum Rosin苯甲酸钠SODIUM BENZOA TE双氧水Hydrogen Peroxide6-氨基己烷-1-醇6-aminohexan -1-ol邻苯二甲酸酐Phthalic Anhydride2,3-二氨基甲苯2,3-diamino toluene吲哚indole2-甲基吲哚2-methyl indole三苯基硼triphenyl borane松油精Dipentine十六烷醇Cetyl Alcohol呋喃-2-硼酸FURAN-2-BORONIC ACID莫匹罗星Mupirocin高锰酸钾Potassium Permanganate噻苯咪唑Thiabendazole2-amino-2-(hydroxy methyl)-1,3,propane diol二环戊二烯Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD)金红石型氧化钛Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Top grade 硼酸boric acid氧化铅Lead Oxide邻苯二甲酸酐Phthalic Anhydride叔丁基锡烷tributyl stannane碳黑Carbon Black Elftex 430碳黑Carbon Black N300碳黑Carbon Black N-326磷酸PHOSPHORIC ACID硝酸铅LEAD NITRATE硬脂酸铅LEAD STEARA TE次硫酸钠Sodium Hydrosulfite磷酸二氢铵Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate水合肼Hydrazine Hydrate甲氧萘丙酸naproxen扑热息痛paracetamol干酪素casein food grade柠檬酸citric acid黄磷YELLOW PHOSOPHORUS硫代硫酸钠Sodium Thiosulfate玉嘧磺隆rimsulfuron 25%硝酸钙Calcium nitrate硫酸钾Potassium sulphate磺胺地索辛钠sulfadimethoxine sodium氯化钠Sodium Chloride藻酸钠sodium alginate烯丙酰氯Acryloyl Chloride柠檬铬黄Lemon chrome yellow三聚磷酸钠Sodium Tri Poly Phosphate磷酸酯SULPHOSUCCINIC ACID ESTER轻质苏打灰SODA ASH ( LIGHT )间氯苯胺m-chloro aniline马来酐Maleic Anhydride氰基胍Dicyandiamide头孢他啶Ceftazidime头孢曲松Ceftriaxone二硫化钼molybdenium disulfide三氯乙酸TRICHLOROACETIC ACID CRYSTAL 癸二酸sebacic acid尿素urea诺氟沙星Norfloxacin噻吩草胺-P Dimethenamid-P三聚磷酸钠Sodium Tripolyphosphate氧化铁黄iron oxide yellow氧化铁红iron oxide red1,1,1-三氯乙烷1,1,1-TrichloroEthane氯化铵Ammonium Chloride苯酚PHENOL甲氧苄氨嘧啶TRIMETHOPRIM磷酸三钙tricalcium phosphate酒石酸苯甲曲秦Phendimetrazine Tartrate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonate氯四环素盐酸Chlortetracycline HCl三水合氨卡青霉素Ampicillin Trihydrate micronized 山梨糖醇Sorbitol Powder一水葡萄糖Dextrose Monohydrate碳化钙calcium carbide柚皮甙Naringin叶绿素铜钠盐sodium copper苏打灰soda ash酒石酸盐tartrate鉻酸銨AMMONIUM CHROMATE苦味酸PICRIC ACID甲酸铵AMMONIUM FORMATE聚丙烯薄膜PP SHEET FOR OPP TAPE氨基乙酸Glycine氨比西林AMPICILINE土霉素盐酸Oxytetracycline HCL6-溴-2-羟基萘6-Bromo-2-hydroxynaphthalene2，6-二甲氧基萘2,6-Dimethoxynaphthalene2，6-二羟基萘2,6-Dihydroxynaphthalene6-甲氧基-2-羟基萘6-Methoxy-2-hydroxy naphthalene 2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚2-Tertiary-butyl-4-methylphenol 炉甘石Calamine5-溴-2-甲基嘧啶5-Bromo-2-methyl pyridine氯化镁Magnesium Chloride氢氧化钾Potassium Hydroxide二氯甲烷METHYLENE CHLORIDE六缩氨酸乙酸酯acetyl hexapeptide-3邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯Diisobutyl Phthalate单硬脂酸甘油酯Glyceryl Monostearate艾地苯醌Idebenone百灭宁Permethrin制霉菌素Nystatin细胞色素C Cytochrome C二甲基对甲苯胺Dimethyl-p-toluidine十八烷基酰氯Octadecyl chloride氨基葡萄糖硫酸钾Glucosamine Sulfate Potassium三偏磷酸钠Sodium Trimetaphosphate4-溴苯酚4-bromophenol甘油glycerine安息香酸benzoic acid大豆脂肪酸soya fatty acid二环戊二烯Dicyclopentadiene固体石蜡PARAFFIN WAX疏松石蜡RESIDUE WAX残余蜡RESIDUE W AX橡胶加工油RUBBER PROCESS OIL丁基橡胶BUTYL RUBBER冰醋酸ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL三氯乙烯TRICHLOROETHYLENE乙酰乙酸甲酯Methyl acetoacetate磷酸三苯脂Triphenyl Phosphate三氟乙酸乙酯Trifluoroacetic Acid Ethyl Ester七水硫酸亚铁FERROUS SULFATE HEPTAHYDRATE 硬脂酸钙Calcium stearate3-氨基巴豆酸甲酯METHYL-3-AMINO CROTONA TE 亚硫酰二氯Thionyl Chloride乙二醛－双（２－羟基缩苯胺）Glyoxal bis (2-hydroxyanil)氧化镍黑NICKEL OXIDE black硅酸钠Sodium Metasilicate水合肼Hydrazine HydrateN-月桂酰肌氨酸钠Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate二水目酸钠Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate草酸Oxalic Acid二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠Sodium Dimethyl Dithio CarbamateN,N-二（3-氨丙基）甲胺N,N-Bis(3-aminopropyl)methylamine二甲基环己胺Dimethyl cyclohexyl amine三乙二胺triethlene diamine松香Gum rosin维生素C Vitamin C磷酸Phosphoric Acid六偏磷酸钠Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate硝酸Nitric Acid(R)-(-)-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(R)-(-)-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID 二氯甲烷Methylene Chloride丙烯酸丁酯Butyl acrylate5α-雄烯二醇环戊丙酸酯5-alpha Androstenediol Cypionate硼酸Boric Acid氯化铁FERRIC CHLORIDE六偏磷酸钠Sodium HexametaPhosphate 焦磷酸四钠Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate磷酸二氢钠Monosodium Phosphate阿维菌素abamectin伊维菌素Ivermectin聚乙二醇600 Polyethylene Glycol-6002-氯乙醇2-Chloroethanol克他命盐酸Ketamine HCL氨己烯酸Vigabatrin硫酸庆大霉素GENTAMICIN SULPHATE 苯芴醇LUMEFANTRINE重质苏打灰dense soda ash尿素Urea一乙醇胺Mono Ethanol Amine邻苯二甲酸二丁酯Di Butyl Phthalate液体无水氨Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia 碳酸氢铵AMMONIUM BICARBONATE 硫脲Thio Urea甲氧普烯methoprene葵子麝香musk ambrette麝香酮musk ketone甲基柏木醚methyl cedryl ether二戊烯dipentene二苯醚DIPHENYL OXIDE喹啉-6-羧酸QUINOLINE-6-CARBOXYLIC ACID重铬酸钠Sodium Bichromate四苯基溴化磷Tetraphenylphosphonium Bromide2-甲基-5-硝基酚2-methyl-5-nitrophenol钼酸钠Sodium Molybdate甲苯Toluene三磷酸钠Sodium Tripolyphosphate碳化钙Calcium Carbide表氯醇Epichlorohydine水合肼Hydrazine HydrateP-甲酚p-CresolP- 3-氨基对甲苯甲醚P - CRESIDINE过(二)硫酸系列Persulfates Series锌粉ZINC DUST二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠Sodium Dimethyl Dithio Carbamate 二水钼酸钠Sodium Molybdate Dihydrate2-溴戊酮2-Bromopentane苏打灰SODA ASH LIGHT 99.2%磷酸氯代对苯二酚CHLORQUINE PHOSPHATE.乙酸锰manganese acetate4-叔丁基-儿茶酚4-tert-Butylcatechol酶enzyme氧化钴Cobalt Oxide草酸Oxalic Acid2-甲基-5-甲氧苯并唑2-methyl-5-methoxy benzoxazole三磷酸钠Tri sodium Phosphate电缆用聚氯乙烯树脂PVC RESINS FOR CABLE MANUFACTURING 2,4-二硝基-6-溴苯胺2,4 dinitro 6 bromo aniline蚁酸&氢氟酸Formic acid & Hydrofluoric acidFerric acid & Iron oxide二硫化碳CARBON DISULPHIDE1,2,3-氢硫基四唑唑1,2,3-Mercaptotetrazole5或6硝基苯甲酸咪唑5 or 6 Nitrobenzo imidazole甲基苯并三唑Methylbenzotriazole邻苯二甲酸酐Phthalic Anhydride min 99.5%食盐（工业级）NACL / COMMON SALT ( INDUSTRIAL GRADE）5-氟-2-甲基吲哚5-Fluoro-2-methylindole7-甲氧吲哚7-Methoxyindole6-甲氧吲哚6-Methoxyindole5-甲氧吲哚5-Methoxyindole4-甲氧吲哚4-Methoxyindole过氧化氢HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 50%柠檬酸Citric Acid Mono BP-93 & BP-98白甜菜糖white beet sugaar 45 icumsa钠羧甲基纤维素CMC (Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose) BP/USP 固体石腊PARAFFIN WAX2,3-二甲基吡啶2,3-Lutidine/2,3-Dimethyl Pyridine反丁烯二酸的FUMARIC ACID草甘膦Glyphosate 62 % IPA Salt乙酸锰Manganese Acetate玉米淀粉CORN STARCH1,10-无水邻二氮杂菲1,10-Phenanthroline anhydrous硫酸软骨素Chondroitin Sulfate (Bovine) 85% min. dry basis磺胺嘧啶Sulphadiazine BP反丁烯二酸FUMARIC ACID TECH GRADE六磷酸钠sodium hexametaphosphate地塞米松Dexamethasone Base棕榈油（天然）palm oil (crude)氯化聚丙烯Chlorinated Polypropylene III二氧化锆ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE 99.5%碳酸锰Manganese carbonate氧化钴Cobalt oxide 72%反丁烯二酸Fumaric acid柠檬酸citric acid硝酸钡barium nitrate 99.3%min碳化钙calcium carbide三羟甲基丙烷TriMethylolPropane(TMP)微晶纤维素MICROCRYSTALINE CELLULOSE M 1012-羟基萘Beta Naphthol ( 2-hydroxy naphthalene)顺丁烯二酐Maleic Anhydride冰醋酸Glacial acetic acid戊二醛(医药级) Glutaraldehyde(Pharm. grade)鱼石脂Ichthammol base氢氧化钠Sodium Hydroxide柠檬酸Citric Acid mono硬脂酸Triple Pressed Stearic Acid叔丁醇tert-butanol十二(烷)酸lauric acid苯肼Phenylhydrazine高锰酸钾Potassium Permanganate美远志根酊TINCTURE SENEGA吐根酊TINCTURE IPECAC磷霉素钙Fosfomycin Calcium二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠Sodium Dimethyl Dithiocarbamate 松节油GUM TURPENTINE OIL氰亚铁酸钾POTASSIUM FERROCY ANIDE 99%二氧化钛Titanium Dioxid TiO2 Food grade丙烯酸(酯化级) acrylic acid(esterification grade)钛Titanium metal powder铬合金Chrome metal powderN-甲基o-苯二胺N-Methyl-o-phenylenediamine甲酰四氢叶酸LEUCOVORIN ACETA TE阿霉素Doxorubicin蚁酸Formic Acid-85%一水柠檬酸citric acid - monohydrate二氧化钛titanium dioxideN-丁基醋酸N-Butyl Acetate磺胺钡BARIUM SULPA TE PRECIPITATED2-氯乙烯盐酸胺2- Chloroethyl Amine Hydrochloride苯(甲)酸苄酯benzyl benzoate4-巯基-2-乙烷基苯酚4-mercapto-2-ethyl phenol磷酸phosphoric acid聚丙烯片PP Lamination Grade,3375 RM大豆低聚糖（颗粒）SOYBEAN OLIGO SACCHARIDE (Granules) 6-醌氯亚胺酸6-QUINOLINECARBOXYLIC ACID碳酸钡Barium Carbonate - 99.5% Min.无水硫酸钠, Sodium Sulphate Anhydrous, Soda Ash (Heavy & Light 无水硫酸钠, Sodium Sulphate Anhydrous, Soda Ash (Heavy & Light 石油焦（炭）Cacined Petroleum Coke高锰酸钾Potassium Permanganate硫酸铝aluminium sulphate硅酸钠sodium silicate保险粉Rongalite C梭链孢酸钠Fusidic Acid Sodium (Sodium Fusidate)硫磺C. I. Sulphur Blue 7 (53440)硬脂酸Triple Pressed Stearic Acid凝胶Gelatin 250 bloom and above (BORVINE)碳酸钙CALCIUM CARBONA TE FROM OYSTER SHELL 甲酸钠SODIUM FORMA TE 97%甲酸钠SODIUM FORMA TE 97%氢硫化钠SODIUM SULFHYDRATE硫化钠SODIUM SULFIDE 60% MIN.聚氯乙烯混合物PVC Compound中间体intermediates甘露醇mannitol pyrogen free usp.泛酰醇d.panthenol usp/ip泛酸钙d.calcium pantothenate usp/ip蓝硅胶Blue Silica Gel 3-5mm糠醛furfural 98.5%保险粉sodium hydrosulfite水杨酸salicylic acid , BP / USP Grade二氯甲烷Methylene Chloride保险粉rongalite氧化铬绿chrome oxide green三价铬酸chromic acid蚁酸Formic acid 85%草酸Oxalic acid 99%过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide 50%2-氨基5-甲基噻唑2-amino-5-methyl thiazole五氟苯penta fluoro benzene四氟苯tetra fluoro benzene3-溴噻吩3-bromo thiophene3-甲基噻吩3-methyl thiophene癸二酸SEBACIC ACID甲苯,二甲苯,溶剂级石脑油Toluene, Xylene, Solvent Naphtha 维他命B1/B6 Vitamin B1/B6维他命AD3 Vitamin AD3长石Feldspar石灰石（钙）Limestone (Calcium Carbonate)碱灰（碳酸钠）Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate)硅石Silica sand冰醋酸ACETIC GLACIAL ACID丙酮Acetone醋酸ACETIC ACID 99 % ( GLACIAL ) - TECHNICAL GRADE 二氧化钛Titanium Dioxide b 101 Anatase Grade5-硫代异酞酸二氢钠盐5-Sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt 氟酸FLuorspar Acid Grade三甲基苯氯化铵Trimethyl Phenyl ammonium chloride乙酸甲酯Methyl acetate草酸Oxalic acid 99.6% min.乙酰胆碱碘Acetyl choline Iodide三氟甲烷磺胺锂Lithium Trifluoro methanesulfonateN-(2-氯乙烯)-甲烷磺胺N-(2-Chloroethyl)-methanesulfonamide 硝酸Nitric Acid冰醋酸Glacial Acetic Acid液态石蜡light liquid paraffin oil过氧化钠sodiumperoxide丁内酯Gamma-butyrolactone二甲基硫dimethyl sulphide硫化钠Sodium Sulphide2-二乙基氨基乙基硫醇2-DIETHYL AMINOETHANE THIOL 制霉菌素NYSTA TIN无水乳糖Lactose Anhydrous硬脂酸镁Magnesium Stearate亚磷酸钾potassium phosphite三甲基苯氯化铵Trimethyl Phenyl ammonium chloride三氧化锑Antimony trioxide min 99,5 %聚丙烯Polypropylene (PP)萘Naphthaline balls 3/4固体石腊Paraffin Wax Semi Refined木胶wood glue柠檬酸Citric Acid Mono and Anh2，6-二异丙基苯酚2,6-diisopropylphenol铑Metallic Rhodium氯化铑（III）Rhodium (III) Chloride Hydrate乙酸甲酯methyl acetate磷酸三丁酯Tributyl phosphate三氯化磷PHOSPHOROUS TRICHLORIDE白色接合剂WHITE CEMENT二氧化锰Manganse Dioxide氯酸钾POTASSIUM CHLORATE 99.8%六偏磷酸钠Sodium Hexa Meta Phosphate阻燃剂flame retardant过氧化氢Hydrogen Peroxide 60%过氧化氢Hydrogen Peroxide 60%冰醋酸Glacial acetic acid min. 99.5%异丙醇(食品级) ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL-FOOD GRADE甲乙酮Methyl Ethyl Ketone4,4二醛联苯4,4'-Biphenyldialdehyde重铬酸钠SODIUM DICHROMA TE磷酸三丁酯Tributyl phosphate乙酸甲酯methyl acetate三乙丙撑二醇Triethylene Glycol色氨酸d-tryptophan钼酸钠Sodium Molybdate五氧化二钒Vanadium Pentoxide二氯苯Dichloro Benzene硒Selenium亚硝酸钠sodium nitrite硼砂Borax硫酸二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate 硫酸铜（食品级）Copper sulphate (feed grade)结晶香草醛V ANILLIN CRYSTAL硝酸钠（化肥级）sodium nitrate (fertilizer grade)反丁烯二酸FUMARIC ACIDL-谷酰胺L-Glutamine橡胶用磷酸三氯乙烯Trichloroethyl Phosphate for rubber一水柠檬酸Citric Acid Monohydrate安息香酸benzoic acid混合二甲苯Mixed Xylene环己酮Cyclohexanone1,4-丁二醇1,4-Butanediol反丁烯二酸FUMARIC ACID硝酸钠sodium nitrate香草糖晶体V ANILLIN CRYSTAL硫酸铜Copper sulphate (feed grade)L- 赖氨酸盐酸盐L-lysine HCL双氯芬酸钠DICLOFENAC SODIUM BP镉合金Cadmium Metal硅酸锆矿石zirconium ore silicate硒金属粉末Selenium Metal Powder一水氢氧化锂Lithium Hydroxide MonohydrateSBS热塑人造橡胶SBS Thermoplastic elastomer white color powder 甲苯xylene维他命vitamin a palmitiat石墨粉末powdered graphite聚氯乙烯粉状/P废料VC POWEDER & PVC SCRAPS环己酰亚胺cycloheximidel-苏氨酸l-threoninel-一水赖氨酸l-lysine monohydratel-半胱氨酸l-cysteine氨基葡(萄)糖盐酸Glucosamine HCL多聚氨酯泡沫Poly-Urethane Foam Agent氯化锌zinc chloride 98% min氯化铵ammonium chloride碘Iodine磷酸二氢钾Monopotassium phosphate戊二醛Glutaric dialdehyde碳酸水SODA ASH DENSE多虑平中间体DOXEPIN INTERMEDIATES冰醋酸Acetic Acid Glacial醋酸丁酯N-BUTYL ACETA TE氢氧化钾potasium hydroxide硫酸镁magnisium sulphate二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸钠sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate 吐温-60 Tween-60盐酸HCl 98-99% (USB/BP standard )盐酸HCl 98-99% (USB/BP standard )碳酸水石soda ash三聚氰胺Melamine马来酸氟伏沙明FLUVOXAMINE MALEATE卡马西平Carbamzepine硫化褐10号C.I. Sulphur Brown 10硫化兰7号C.I. Sulphur Blue 7柠檬酸钠Sodium Citrate一水柠檬酸CITRIC ACID MONO苛性苏打薄片Caustic Soda Flakes 96% and 99%磷酸三氯乙酯Trichloroethyl Phosphate乳酸环丙沙星注射液Ciprofloxacin Lactate山梨酸钾Potassium Sorbate碳酸氢钠SODIUM BICARBONA TE聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮PVP K120多虑平中间体DOXEPIN INTERMEDIATES母料Master Batch高氯酸钠Sodium Perchlorate三氧化二砷Arsenic Trioxide硫酸亚铁ferrous sulphateFluorene(95%)维生素c usp ,土霉素Vitamin C USP, Oxytetracycline HCl 重晶石Barytes过氧化氢Hydrogen Peroxide氯羟柳胺OXYCLOZANIDE BPV亚硝酸钠Sodium Nitrite Tech Grade三月桂胺trilaurylamine (Tridodecylamine对羟基苯甲酸甲酯Methyl p-Hydroxybenzoate盐酸甲基麻黄碱Methylephedrine HCL高三尖杉酯碱Homoharringtonine1-（氯甲基）萘1-(Chloromethyl) naphthalene氧化铁黄IRON OXIDE YELLOW HD718反丁烯二酸FUMARIC ACID苛性苏打薄片CAUSTIC SODA FLAKES甲基氢醌toluhydroquinoneSodium Hyaluronate 透明质酸钠n-丁基醋酸N-butyl Acetate硝酸镍薄片NICKEL NITRA TE FLAKES硝酸钴晶体/薄片COBALT NITRATE CRYSTALS / FLAKES 环已亚胺Hexamethyleneimine磷酸三钙Tricalcium Phosphate二氧化锰Manganese Dioxide双氯苯双胍己烷葡(萄)糖酸盐CHLORHEXADINE 20%戊二醛LUTARALDEHYDE一氯乙酸Monochloro Acetic Acid二氧化钛TITANIUM DIOXIDE -- RKB2 & VULKACIT -- LDA 硼酸Boric Acid黄磷Yellow Phosphorus亚硫酸氢钠SODIUM BISULPHITE碳酸氢钠SODIUM BICARBONA TE磷酸phosphoric acid 85 % tech. grade五水硼砂BORAX PENTAHYDRATE-99.9% MIN冰醋酸ACETIC ACID GLACIAL 99.5%无水亚硫酸钠sodium sulphite anhydrous 99.3%苏打soda ash light 99%苛性碱颗粒caustic soda prills 99%过氧化氢HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 50%过氧化脲N46 UREA N46〈药〉扑热息痛paracetamol氯化钙drous calcium chloride维生素B1,B2,B3,B12,K3,... Vitamins B1,B2,B3,B12,K3,... 磷酸phosphoric acid十二(烷)醇钠Lauryil Sodium无水硫酸钠SODIUM SULPHATE ANHYDROUS分散蓝79 200%Disperse Blue 79 200%分散蓝56 100% Disperse Blue 56 100%分散黑EX-SF Disperse Black EX-SF硫酸锰MANGANESE SULPHA TE 32% IN MN反丁烯二酸FUMARIC ACID三硫化二锑Antimony Trisulfide三苯甲烷triphenyl borate硫酸镁Magnesium sulphate硝酸钙Calcium nitrate磷酸二氢钾Monopotassium phosphate卡托普利Captopril次氯酸钙Calcium Hypochlorite水合葡萄糖DEXTROSE MONOHYDRA TE小苏打Sodium Bicarbonate苏打SODA ASH LIGHT对氨基苯酚para amino phenol过(二)硫酸甲POTASSIUM PERSULFATE异丙醇Iso propyl Alcohol氯仿Chloroform富铝红柱石砖（325 目）mullite 325 mesh羟甲基乙二醛HYDROXYMETHYL GL YOXAL戊醛V ALERALDEHYDEL-苹果酸L-MALIC ACID2，6二甲代苯胺2,6-Xylidine酒石酸唑吡坦片Zolpidem Tartrate6-硝基藜芦酸6-nitroveratric acid2-硝基-4，5二甲氧基安息香酸2-Nitro-4,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid 磷酸phosphoric acid磷酸三钠trisodium phosphate9-芴甲基-N-琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯Fmoc-Osu氰硼氢化钠SODIUM CY ANO BOROHYDRIDE三氟乙酸酐TRIFLUORO ACETIC ANHYDRIDE甲酚p-cresol塞克硝唑Secnidazole2-亚氨氢氯化硫醇2-Iminothiolane hydrochloride (Traut's Reagent) 硫酰胺SULFAMIDE苄醇Benzyl Alcohol二甲替甲酰胺DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE白明胶GELATINE (bovine）锂Lithium Products焦碳酸二叔丁酯Di-tert butyl pyrocarbonate4-羧酸-噻唑(R)-(-)-Thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid叔丁基咔唑盐Tert-Butyl Carbazate锌（用做涂料等的）钡白lithopone环丙沙星ciprofloxacin base混合物mix fcl过氧化氢Hydrogen Peroxide多阴离子纤维素poly anionic cellulose for oil drilling ,HVp-氯-0-硝基苯胺p-chloro-o-nitroaniline灰黄霉素Griseofulvin1,3-二甲基-4,5-二氨基尿嘧啶1,3-dimethyl 4,5-diamino uracil苯(甲)酸钠Sodium Benzoate磷酸三钠TRI SODIUMPHOSPHATE氯化钙粉CaCl2-powder电石Calcium Carbide2-氨基-5-氟代甲基苯酸2-Amino-5-fluorobenzoic acid 过氧化双苯甲酰Di benzoyl peroxide paste3-氟安息香酸3-Fluorobenzoic acidDL酒石酸DL TARTARIC ACID氧化锌93% zinc oxide 93%硫酸锌zinc sulphate mono8-苄基茶碱8-Benzyl Theophyllined-戊醛糖d-xylose磷酸二钙饲料等级dicalcium phosphate feed grade 水合肼Hydrazine Hydrate氟利昂11，12 Freon 11, 12高锰酸钾Potassium Permanganate BP93 or BP98氨基磺酸Sulphamic Acid 99.5%min二氯甲烷methylene chloride新霉素硫酸盐NEOMYCIN SULPHA TE叔-丁基卡唑TERT-BUTYL CARBAZATE碱库SODA ASH LIGHT过氧化氢HYDROGEN PEROXIDE安息香酸Benzoic Acid二氧化钛b101 锐钛矿TITANIUM DI OXIDE B101 ANA TASE P-甲苯磺酰氰p-Toluene sulfonyl cyanide4,4'-二醛联苯4,4' Biphenyldialdehyde卫生球naphthalene一甲胺Monomethylamine聚氯乙烯糊PVC paste苯胺油aniline oil三聚磷酸钠Sodium Tripolyphosphate左旋(四)咪唑盐酸Levamisole Hcl BP/USP一种肺结核特效药oxamic hydrazide2，6-二硝基苯胺202,6-dinitroaniline黄磷yellow Phosphorous精酰胺DMPAT四氮六甲圜Hexamine乙二醇乙醚Ethylene Glycol1，2双乙氧基苯1,2-DIETHOXY BENZENE (C.A.S.:250.46.6 乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate碳化钙Calcium Carbide单烷基醚聚乙烯Poly Mono Alkyl Ether氯化甲基苯基尿素Chloro Alkyl Phenyl Urea Condensate磺酸钠烷Sodium alkane Sulphonate聚乙烯醇薄膜PV A (PVOH) FILM头孢西丁钠盐cefoxitin sodium salt精酰胺DMPAT甲氰咪胍CIMETIDINE USP雷尼替丁RANITIDINE HCL铅铬绿Chrome Green 99.0%min二氧化钛Titanium Dioxide6-氨基-1，3双甲基尿嘧啶6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil双氰胺Dicyanadiamide 99.5%乙烷深蓝醋酸盐Ethyl Cyano Acetate调药血管注射剂项目PHARMA INJECTABLE ITEMSBon Acid无水硫酸钠sodium sulphate anhydrous二氧化钛TiO2-Enamel grade-5FCL氯乙酸乙酯Ethyl Chloro Acetate无水硫酸钠SODIUM SULPHATE ANHYDROUS无水硫酸钠SODIUM SULPHATE ANHYDROUS 99%硫酸铵ammonium sulphate 21%七水硫酸镁MAGNESIUM SULPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE 99.5% 羟基安息香酸Para Hydroxy Benzoic Acid1，3-丙磺内酯1,3-propane sultone青霉素P-12 钠盐Oxacillin sodium salt盐酸林肯霉素lincomycin hydrochloride柠檬酸CITRIC ACID FOOD GRADE碳酸二甲酯Di Methyl Carbonate苏打soda bicarbonate硫化钠SODIUM SULPHIDE 60% MIN. RED & YELLOW甲酸钠SODIUM FORMA TE RECOVER FROM SODIUM HYDRO PLANT 扑热息痛PARACETAMOLo-nitrotoluene扑热息痛细粉Paracetamol BP Fine Powder三甲氧苄二氨嘧啶Trimethoprim BP乳酸Lactic Acid 88%硫酸盐新霉素NEOMYCIN SULPHA TE不规则聚丙烯Atactic Polypropylene三磷酸盐钠STPP( sodium tripolyphosphate)2,4-二氯-5-氟苯乙酮2,4-Dichloro-5-Fluoro Acetophenone丙酮acetone异丙醇isopropanol三(氮)唑核苷Ribavirina苯(甲)酸钠sodium benzoate bp 98硫酸镁magnesium sulphate硫氰酸盐Erythormycin Thiocyanate1,4-丁二磺酰，二钠盐1, 4-butanedisulfonic acid, disodium salt氧化铬绿Chrome Oxide green 99.0%min头孢氨苄Cephalexin Monohydrate Micro/Compacted 对硝基甲苯Para Nitro Benzyl Chloride氢氧化钠SODIUM HYDROSULPHITE二氧化钛Titanium Dioxide尿素Urea 46% prilled二硫龙disulfuram谷氨酸单钠msg powder type硫磺sulphur dyes all colors无水茶碱Theophylline Anhydrous磷酸钾Mono potassium phosphate氯苄Benzyl Chloride香草醛vanillin扑热息痛Paracetamol琥珀酰亚胺succinimide硝基苯胺N-methyl-p-nitroaniline巯基乙酸Thioglycolic acid丙二醇Propylene glycol马来酸盐PHENRAMINE MALEATE金属钠sodium Metal 99.5%氯化镁Magnesium Chloride (Anhydrous)二硫龙disulfuram聚乙烯Polyethylene Granules (LDPE & HDPE)2-羧基-9-芴酮9-fluorenone-2-carboxylic acid聚醚Polyether PU and MDI尿素UREA 46二甘醇DIETHYLENE GL YCOL乙醇1-Piperdino Ethanol青霉素酶penicillin injections聚乙烯吡咯烷酮pvp k 30 technical grade硫脲thiourea dioxide 99%聚乙烯醇PV A 1788无水柠檬酸citric acid anhydrous bp柠檬酸钠sodium citrate扑热息痛Paracetamol强力霉素Doxycycline hychlate甲氟喹Mefloquine hydrochloride氯胍proguanil hydrochloride双甘膦PMIDA 98%螺旋霉素Spiramycin Base硫酸庆大霉素GENTAMYCIN SULPHATE STERILE BP98 邻苯二甲酸Diisonoyl Phthalate (DINP)酞酸二异癸酯Diisodecyl Phthalate (DIDP) AmmoniumChloide battery grade丙烯酰胺ACRYLAMIDE铬酸chromic acid氢溴酸Hydrobromic acid 48% in water solution维生素Vitamin C苯酚晶体phenol crystal油酰胺Oleamide氧氟沙星Ofloxacin Usp24苯甲精Ortho tolyl benzonitrile丙酰氯propionyl chloride离析大豆蛋白isolated soy protein氨基乙酸glycine food grade苯二胺meta phenylene diamine萘酚BETA NAPHTHOL邻甲氧基苯胺ORTHO ANISIDINE碘IODINE CRUDE双氰胺DICYANDIAMIDE 99.5 PCT丙二酸diethyl malonateN-甲基吡咯烷酮N-methylpyrrolidone硫脲Thiourea 99% min碳酸钙CALCIUM CARBONA TE (FOOD GRADE) て镁MgO吡喹酮praziquantel梭链孢酸FUSIDIC ACID硬化防止剂Antioxidant 22E46杀螟晴Cyanox 1790二甲基二硫醚Dimethyl Disulfide辅酶Coenzyme Q10硅烷Dimethyl Dichloro Silane二甲基碳酰氯Dimethyl Carbonyl Chloride 烟酸甲酯Methyl Nicotinate3-氯苯甲基氰化物3-Chloro Benzyl Cyanide 1，2，3-苯并三唑1,2,3-Benzotriazole赤铁HEMATITE, SPECULAR (Fe203)法莫替丁Famotidine碳酸钡Barium carbonate黄磷Yellow Phosphoru酪氨酸L-TYROSINE4-苯基-1-丁醇4-phenyl-1-butanol电石Calcium Carbide安息香酸M-nitro benzoic acid硝酸钠Sodium Nitrate碳酸钙Calcium Carbonate水银& 硒Mercury & Selenium三聚磷酸钠STPP tech grade曲酸Kojic Acid蛋黄素LECITHIN硫代硫酸钙Calcium Thiocyanate硫氰酸盐ERYTHROMYCIN THIOCYANATE BP98环戊醇CYCLOPENTANEMETHANOL糖精钠Sodium Saccharin BP932-甲氧基-5-硝基吡啶2-methoxy-5-nitropyridine二氧化钛TITANIUM DIOXIDE POWDER, ANATASE巴龙霉素Paromomycin sulfate2-羟基-1，4-萘醌2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lawsone). 偶氮二异丁腈Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate双氯芬酸钾Diclofenac Potassium双氯芬酸钠（游离溴）Diclofenac sodium (free bromide)3-溴甲苯3-bromotoluene1-苯甲基-4-哌啶酮1-benzyl-4-piperidone抗坏血酸维生素C ASCORBIC ACID葡萄糖DEXTROSE过硼酸钠Sodium Perborate碳酸钠CALCIUM CARBONA TE二苯胺diphenylamine辅酶Q10 coenzyme Q10氢氯化物Homomorpholine hydrochloride尿素UREA 46%粗石油焦RAW PETROLEUM COKE ( RPC )二氧化钛TITANIUM DIOXIDE FIBER GRADE尿素Thio Urea二甲基聚乙烯Poly Dimethyl Diallyl Ammonium Chloride黄体酮HYDROXY PROGESTERRONE CAPTORATE BP98 1-溴己烷Hexyl Bromide ; 1-Bromohexane过硫酸铵Ammonium Persulfate (98.5% min)甘油GL YCERINE CRUDE苯甲酮Benzophenone三氧化锑Antimony Trioxide低密度聚乙烯new LDPE (film grade)氰化钙calcium cyanide三甲基乙酸pivalic acid碳化钙CALCIUM CARBIDE地塞米松Dexamethasone BP93地塞米松Dexamethasone BP93乙酰苯Acetophenone戊基Amyl alcohol磷酸Phosphoric Acid (Technical Grade)无水重铬酸钠Sodium Dichromate anhydrous炔丙醇propargyl alcohol (PA)邻苯二甲酸盐Dibutyl Phthalate磷酸二氢铵monoammonium phosphate (ammophos) 硝苯吡啶NIFEDIPINE DDP过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide 35%维他命vitamin b6 usp蒽醌Anthraquinone 98.5%4-氯，三氟甲苯4-chloro Benzotrifluoride乳酸Lactic Acid溴氯乙酸Bromodi chloroacetic acid戊烷Pentane4-甲基苯磷二酚4-Methyl Catechol四氧化三铁Iron Oxide聚乙烯POL Y ETHYLEN甘露醇Mannitol pyrogen free USP24周效磺胺Sulphadoxine bp/usp乙嘧啶Pyrimethamine bp/usp三苯基锑Antimony Trioxide安息香酸BENZOIC ACID-INDUSTRIAL GRADE 苯甲醇Benzyl Alcohol4-羟基香豆素4-HYDROXY COUMARIN苯亚甲基丙酮BENZALACETONE钨酸钠sodium tungstate dihydrate吡啶羧酸2,3-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid乙酰丁基乙酸酯2-(Acetoxymethyl)-4-(benzyloxy)butyl acetate 亚硫酸钠Sodium sulfide间苯二酚Resorcinol diacetate羟甲基吡啶4-hydroxymethylpiperidine3-氨基-1-吡唑3-amino-1-pyrazole苯并噻唑2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)丙酰溴PROPIONYL CHLORIDE麦芽糖醇Maltitol Crystalline Dry Form丙二醇Propylene Glycol USP水合肼HYDRAZINE HYDRATE邻苯二甲酸盐DiButyl Phthalate泛酸钙d.calcium pantothenate usp/ip泛酰醇d.panthenol usp/ip树脂酸钙Calcium Resinate过氧化氢Hydrogen Peroxide甘露醇Mannitol Usp 24左旋(四)咪唑LEV AMISOL HCL.氨基环己醇Trans-4-Amino Cyclohexanol碳酸二甲酯Dimethyl Carbonate 99.5%挥发性漆稀释剂LACQUER THINNER蚁酸FORMIC ACID 85%异抗坏血酸钠D-SODIUM ERYTHORBATE亚硝酸钠sodium nitrite 99%硝基苯m-nitro chloro benzene三溴化磷PHOSPHORUS TRIBROMIDEN-丁间酮酰苯胺ACETOACETAMIDE乙醇deodorized ethanol抗坏血酸维生素C Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)四氮六甲圜Hexamine硫酸铝Aluminium Sulfate氢氧化铝Hydrate Alumina烃氧基钠sodium alginate双环己基DICYCLO HEXYL KETON次氯酸钙Calcium hypochlorite 65%马来酸酐Anhydride Maleic苏打soda ash light & soda bi carbonate阿苯哒唑Albendazole CP 2000焦磷酸钾Mono potassium phosphate柠檬酸Citric Acid anhydrous BP山梨酸钾Potassium sorbate foodgrade焦亚硫酸钠Sodium metabisulfite foodgrade糖精钠Sodium Saccharine 450 x BP钙化醇Ergocalciferol硫代硫酸钠SODIUM THIOCY ANA TE 99% PURE戊醛酸PivalicAcid硅酸铝pure aluminium silicate柠檬酸钠SODIUM CITRA TE次氯酸钠SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE阿替洛尔Atenolol氟化氢铵AMMONIUM BIFLUORIDE酸酐ERYTHROMYCIN ESTOLATE硬脂酸盐Erythromycin stearate氯化钾POTASSIUM CHLORIDE无水柠檬酸CITRIC ACID ANHYDROUS BP98 / USP 24 右旋糖DEXTROSE乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物EV A Copolymer 18%山梨(糖)醇SORBITOL醋酸苄酯Benzyl Acetate FFC甲苯Toluol反丁烯二酸FUMARIC ACID硫化钠SODIUM SULPHIDE三羟乙基胺TRIETHANOLAMINE无水柠檬酸Citri Acid Anhydrous BP93葡(萄)糖胺Glucosamine HCL三乙胺Triethylamine二异丁烯Diisobutylene琥珀酸盐SUMA TRIPTAN SUCCINATE双氰胺DIcyandiamide硬脂酸STEARIC ACID苯甲酸乙酯Ethyl Benzoate硫化钠SODIUM SULPHIDE三乙醇胺TRIETHANOLAMINE3,4-二氨基苯甲醇3,4-Diaminobenzenemethanol无水柠檬酸Citri Acid Anhydrous氟美松，倍他米松Dexamethasone Base,Betamethasone Base 蚁酸FORMIC ACID 8 5 %萘Fine Naphthalene苛性钠Caustic Soda碳酸锶Strontium Carbonate黄磷Yellow Phosphorus软骨素Chondroitin Sulfate (Bovine)4-噻唑羧酸4-Thiazole carboxylic acid乙胺丁醇Ethambutol free base六氯环己烷HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE甲酸钠SODIUM FORMA TE抗坏血酸维生素C ascorbic acid柠檬酸citric acid焦磷酸钾potassium permangenate维生素C vitamin c香草醛vanillin抗坏血酸维生素C ascorbic acid usp/bp盐酸amprolium HCl氨基喹啉3-Aminoquinoline三氟醋酸银Silver Trifluoroacetate1，3-丁二烯Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene硅酸镁Magnesium Silicate q-agent安息香酸TRIMETHOXY BENZOIC ACID (FOR MANUFACTURING OF T.M. 维生素C Vitamin C ( ascorbic acid )马来酸多潘立酮Domperidone Maleate重铬酸钠Sodium Bicarbonate - Food Grade呋喃TETRA HYDRO FURAN纤维醇inositol邻苯二甲酰胺PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE水合茶叶碱THEOPHYLLINE ANHYDROUS硫脲THIOUREA丙酮acetone丁基醋酸盐butyl acetate二甲苯Xylene三聚磷酸钠STPP聚甲烯化合物POL YMETHYLENE POL YPHENYLISOCY ANA TE乙胺丁醇Ethambutol一水柠檬酸Citric acid monohydrate Food grade 无水柠檬酸Citric acid anhydrous Food grade磷酸三钠Trisodium Phosphate Tech. Grade铬酸Chromic acid三苯基锑antimony trioxide铵ammonium heptamolybdate四氢萘酮Tetralone an intermediate of Sertraline 硫尿素Thio Urea甲基尿嘧啶6-Methyl Uracil硝酸铵AMMONIUM NITRA TE酞菁染料iron phthalocyanine联乙醯对二氨基联苯N.N'-Diacetyl benzidine甲氧萘丙酸NAPROXEN USP /BP2000硫酸羟胺hydroxylamine sulphate盐酸赖氨酸Lysine HCL Feed Grade二甲基丙二烯3:3 DIMETHYL ACRYLIC ACID 炭黑Carbon Black N330氢氧化锂Lithium Hydroxide MonoHydrate癸二酸Sebacic Acid壬二酸Azelaic Acid碳酸水Soda Ash Light 99.2% min.硅酸二钙Dicalcium Phosphate (Feed Grade) 磺胺Sulfanilamide (Best Quality)二盐酸吡啶pyridine 2- aldehyde异癸醇isodecanol高锰酸钾Potassium Permanganate 99.5%钼酸钠Sodium Molybdate钠Sodium Moly Ore氯吡啶2-Chloropyridine-n-oxide溴安替比林2-Bromopyridine-n-oxide Hbr云母Talc Powder氯化钙Calcium Chloride Flakes 77%过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide铬酸钙Calcium Chloride Prills 94%反丁烯二酸Fumaric Acid (Food grade)半胱氨酸蛋白酶L-Cysteine HCL Anhydrous (左旋)苯丙氨酸氮芥Meloxicam亚乙基二硝胺Dinitro salicylic Acid二氧化钛Homatropine Methylbromide过(二)硫酸钠Sodium Persulfate过硫酸铵Ammonium Persulfate阿苯哒唑Albendazole 99% (BP98 /USP)磷钼酸铵AMMONIUM MOL YBDATE 85%钨酸钠SODIUM TUNGSTATE氯化钙Calcium Chloride联乙醯对二氨基联苯N.N'-Diacetyl benzidine联苯4,4-Diiodo Biphenyl3-甲基二苯胺3-methyl diphenylamine二甲基苯胺dimethyl aniline雷酸钠SODIUM FORMA TE 97%甲硫氨酸dl methionine feed grade氯化铵AMMONIUM CHLORIDE 99.5% MIN亚硝酸钠SODIUM NITRITE 99%重铬酸氨AMMONIUM BICARBONATE氢氧化钠4-Styrenesulfonic Acid, Sodium Salt Hydrate软化剂Anionic Softener聚乙烯醇Poly vinyl Alcohol柠檬酸Citric acid monohydrate酞化青染料PHTHALOCY ANINE GREEN 7苯(甲)酸钠SODIUM BAICARBONATE 99% (FOOD GRADE) 辅酶Coenzyme Q10苛性苏打CAUSTIC SODA FLAKES 99%MIN氯化钙CALCIUM CHLORIDE FLAKES 74%MIN扑热息痛PARACETAMOL三溴硝基甲烷5-bromophthalide。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Foreign material：Chemical Industry1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).Since 1940 the chemical industry has grown at a remarkable rate, although this has slowed significantly in recent years. The lion’s share of this growth has been in the organic chemicals sector due to the development and growth of the petrochemicals area since 1950s. The explosives growth in petrochemicals in the 1960s and 1970s was largely due to the enormous increase in demand for synthetic polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyesters and epoxy resins.The chemical industry today is a very diverse sector of manufacturing industry, within which it plays a central role. It makes thousands of different chemicals whichthe general public only usually encounter as end or consumer products. These products are purchased because they have the required properties which make them suitable for some particular application, e.g. a non-stick coating for pans or a weedkiller. Thus chemicals are ultimately sold for the effects that they produce.2. Definition of the Chemical IndustryAt the turn of the century there would have been little difficulty in defining what constituted the chemical industry since only a very limited range of products was manufactured and these were clearly chemicals, e.g., alkali, sulphuric acid. At present, however, many intermediates to products produced, from raw materials like crude oil through (in some cases) many intermediates to products which may be used directly as consumer goods, or readily converted into them. The difficulty cones in deciding at which point in this sequence the particular operation ceases to be part of the chemical industry’s sphere of activities. To consider a specific example to illustrate this dilemma, emulsion paints may contain poly (vinyl chloride) / poly (vinyl acetate). Clearly, synthesis of vinyl chloride (or acetate) and its polymerization are chemical activities. However, if formulation and mixing of the paint, including the polymer, is carried out by a branch of the multinational chemical company which manufactured the ingredients, is this still part of the chemical industry of does it mow belong in the decorating industry?It is therefore apparent that, because of its diversity of operations and close links in many areas with other industries, there is no simple definition of the chemical industry. Instead each official body which collects and publishes statistics on manufacturing industry will have its definition as to which operations are classified as the chemical industry. It is important to bear this in mind when comparing statistical information which is derived from several sources.3. The Need for Chemical IndustryThe chemical industry is concerned with converting raw materials, such as crude oil, firstly into chemical intermediates and then into a tremendous variety of other chemicals. These are then used to produce consumer products, which make our livesmore comfortable or, in some cases such as pharmaceutical produces, help to maintain our well-being or even life itself. At each stage of these operations value is added to the produce and provided this added exceeds the raw material plus processing costs then a profit will be made on the operation. It is the aim of chemical industry to achieve this.It may seem strange in textbook this one to pose the question “do we need a chemical industry?” However trying to answer this question will provide(ⅰ) an indication of the range of the chemical industry’s activities, (ⅱ) its influence on our lives in everyday terms, and (ⅲ) how great is society’s need for a chemical industry. Our approach in answering the question will be to consider the industry’s co ntribution to meeting and satisfying our major needs. What are these? Clearly food (and drink) and health are paramount. Other which we shall consider in their turn are clothing and (briefly) shelter, leisure and transport.(1)Food. The chemical industry makes a major contribution to food production in at least three ways. Firstly, by making available large quantities of artificial fertilizers which are used to replace the elements (mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) which are removed as nutrients by the growing crops during modern intensive farming. Secondly, by manufacturing crop protection chemicals, i.e., pesticides, which markedly reduce the proportion of the crops consumed by pests. Thirdly, by producing veterinary products which protect livestock from disease or cure their infections.(2)Health. We are all aware of the major contribution which the pharmaceutical sector of the industry has made to help keep us all healthy, e.g. by curing bacterial infections with antibiotics, and even extending life itself, e.g. ß–blockers to lower blood pressure.(3)Clothing. The improvement in properties of modern synthetic fibers over the traditional clothing materials (e.g. cotton and wool) has been quite remarkable. Thus shirts, dresses and suits made from polyesters like Terylene and polyamides like Nylon are crease-resistant, machine-washable, and drip-dry or non-iron. They are also cheaper than natural materials.Parallel developments in the discovery of modern synthetic dyes and the technology to “bond” th em to the fiber has resulted in a tremendous increase in the variety of colors available to the fashion designer. Indeed they now span almost every color and hue of the visible spectrum. Indeed if a suitable shade is not available, structural modification of an existing dye to achieve this canreadily be carried out, provided there is a satisfactory market for the product.Other major advances in this sphere have been in color-fastness, i.e., resistance to the dye being washed out when the garment is cleaned.(4)Shelter, leisure and transport. In terms of shelter the contribution of modern synthetic polymers has been substantial. Plastics are tending to replace traditional building materials like wood because they are lighter, maintenance-free (i.e. they are resistant to weathering and do not need painting). Other polymers, e.g. urea-formaldehyde and polyurethanes, are important insulating materials f or reducing heat losses and hence reducing energy usage.Plastics and polymers have made a considerable impact on leisure activities with applications ranging from all-weather artificial surfaces for athletic tracks, football pitches and tennis courts to nylon strings for racquets and items like golf balls and footballs made entirely from synthetic materials.Like wise the chemical industry’s contribution to transport over the years has led to major improvements. Thus development of improved additives like anti-oxidants and viscosity index improves for engine oil has enabled routine servicing intervals to increase from 3000 to 6000 to 12000 miles. Research and development work has also resulted in improved lubricating oils and greases, and better brake fluids. Yet again the contribution of polymers and plastics has been very striking with the proportion of the total automobile derived from these materials—dashboard, steering wheel, seat padding and covering etc.—now exceeding 40%.So it is quite apparent even from a brief look at the chemical industry’s contribution to meeting our major needs that life in the world would be very different without the products of the industry. Indeed the level of a country’s development may be judged by the production level and sophistication of its chemical industry4. Research and Development (R&D) in Chemical IndustriesOne of the main reasons for the rapid growth of the chemical industry in the developed world has been its great commitment to, and investment in research and development (R&D). A typical figure is 5% of sales income, with this figure being almost doubled for the most research intensive sector, pharmaceuticals. It is important to emphasize that we are quoting percentages here not of profits but of sales income, i.e. the total money received, which has to pay for raw materials, overheads, staff salaries, etc. as well. In the past this tremendous investment has paid off well, leading to many useful and valuable products being introduced to the market. Examplesinclude synthetic polymers like nylons and polyesters, and drugs and pesticides. Although the number of new products introduced to the market has declined significantly in recent years, and in times of recession the research department is usually one of the first to suffer cutbacks, the commitment to R&D remains at a very high level.The chemical industry is a very high technology industry which takes full advantage of the latest advances in electronics and engineering. Computers are very widely used for all sorts of applications, from automatic control of chemical plants, to molecular modeling of structures of new compounds, to the control of analytical instruments in the laboratory.Individual manufacturing plants have capacities ranging from just a few tones per year in the fine chemicals area to the real giants in the fertilizer and petrochemical sectors which range up to 500,000 tonnes. The latter requires enormous capital investment, since a single plant of this size can now cost $520 million! This, coupled with the widespread use of automatic control equipment, helps to explain why the chemical industry is capital-rather than labor-intensive.The major chemical companies are truly multinational and operate their sales and marketing activities in most of the countries of the world, and they also have manufacturing units in a number of countries. This international outlook for operations, or globalization, is a growing trend within the chemical industry, with companies expanding their activities either by erecting manufacturing units in other countries or by taking over companies which are already operating there.化学工业1.化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。