英语词汇学课件Episode1
合集下载
英语词汇学Chapter 01
e. g. • can-opener • dip • persuader
(all-purpose key) (pick-pocket) (dagger)
e. g. • beauty (AusE: excellent, great) • auld (Scot: old) • hame (Scot: home) • lough (Irish: lake)
• This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary, and there is ‘no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself’ (Lodwig and Barrett, 1973)
1.5 Classification of Words • The English vocabulary, multifarious in nature, consists of words of all kinds. They can be classified by different criteria and for different purposes.
e. g. • In medicine: photoscanning, hepatitis, indigestion, penicillin • In education: audiovisual, megauniversity, microteaching
e. g. • In business: bottom line, balloark figures • In horse-racing: hold him back, hold him in • In medicine: paranoid, persona, hypo
词汇学(第一章)-PPT课件
.
14
3. Native words and borrowed words 本族语词和外来语词
Native words / Angle-Saxon words
Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are native
words. They form the great majority of the
.
13
Another important characteristic is that function words belong to a relatively small and permanent set of words, in comparison to content words. The total number of functional words is about 154. They are stable; they do not come and go with changing fashions and ideas.
basic word stock of the English language.
The basic word stock is the foundation of the
vocabulary accumulated over a number of
epochs. Most native words in modern
.
6
What causes the differences between sound and form?
➢ 1) More morphemes than letters, ➢ 2) Stabilization of spelling, ➢ 3) Deliberate change of spelling by
英语词汇学-第一章
What is a Chinese morpheme(语素) ?
语素是音义相结合的最小的语言单位。 一般地说，一个语素就是一个音节，书面上就是一个汉字，有时侯还是一个词。但是音节是从语音学角度分析的结果，文字是书面记录的符号，语素则是语言中构词的基本成份，词是指音义相结合的能够独立运用的最小的语言单位。这四者角度不同，并不是一回事。 1、同一个汉字，可以代表不同的语素。 汉字虽然相同，但读音不同：会议/会计 汉字和读音都相同，但是词性不同：老人/老虎/老是捣乱 汉字、读音和词性都相同，但是意义不同：公家/公牛 2、汉语的语素绝大多数是单音节的，但有时侯，一个汉字并不代表一个语素，只代表一个音节，也就是说，一个语素也可以是两个以上音节。 连绵词：磅礴；口语词：尴尬；音译词：咖啡，奥林匹克 3、有时侯，一个汉字在不同场合，有的是语素，有的不是语素。 马匹（语素）/马达（非语素） （邵敬敏，现代汉通论，上海教育出版社，2001，P113-4）
2
Sound and meaning
Sound and meaning
This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary. There is no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself. Lodwig and Barrett, 1973
Why the written form is not always similar to the oral form?
The development of the language letters from Romans for 46 sounds in English The pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years. Some of the differences were created by the early scribes.
语素是音义相结合的最小的语言单位。 一般地说，一个语素就是一个音节，书面上就是一个汉字，有时侯还是一个词。但是音节是从语音学角度分析的结果，文字是书面记录的符号，语素则是语言中构词的基本成份，词是指音义相结合的能够独立运用的最小的语言单位。这四者角度不同，并不是一回事。 1、同一个汉字，可以代表不同的语素。 汉字虽然相同，但读音不同：会议/会计 汉字和读音都相同，但是词性不同：老人/老虎/老是捣乱 汉字、读音和词性都相同，但是意义不同：公家/公牛 2、汉语的语素绝大多数是单音节的，但有时侯，一个汉字并不代表一个语素，只代表一个音节，也就是说，一个语素也可以是两个以上音节。 连绵词：磅礴；口语词：尴尬；音译词：咖啡，奥林匹克 3、有时侯，一个汉字在不同场合，有的是语素，有的不是语素。 马匹（语素）/马达（非语素） （邵敬敏，现代汉通论，上海教育出版社，2001，P113-4）
2
Sound and meaning
Sound and meaning
This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary. There is no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself. Lodwig and Barrett, 1973
Why the written form is not always similar to the oral form?
The development of the language letters from Romans for 46 sounds in English The pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years. Some of the differences were created by the early scribes.
词汇学PPT课件
Major Features of Words
1. A word is a sound or combination of sounds which we make voluntarily with out vocal equipment.
Major Features of Words
2. A word is symbolic and is used to stand for something else. In each language, sounds are used to represent objects, happenings, or ideas.
5. A word may consist of one or more morphemes. It can be broken down into smaller meaningful units.
Major Features of Words
6. Words are part of the large communication system we call language. A word is partly dependent for meaning upon its use in that larger context.
1. Definition of a Word
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.（张维友）
Definition of a word
daydream
Mew-mew喵 喵
Naturalists
There is an intrinsic
《英语词汇学第一章》PPT课件
A morpheme may be represented by one syllable, lik e boy and child, or by two or more syllables, as in la· dy, cro·co·dile, etc.
• B. Allomorphs 词素变体 • A morpheme may take various shapes or forms. • 如：books, pigs, horses共同词素是什么？ • 曲折词素-(e)s。 • 有三种不同发音：/-s, -z, -iz/
• An elusive notion • have has had ？ • friend friends ？
• entry词条in a dictionary --- lexeme 词位 • word form 词形：词的不同形状 • lexical unit 词汇单位：一个词形跟一个意义的结合
• Definition: • A word is an independent, minimal, meaningful linguistic unit.
• 粘着词根大多源自希腊语或拉丁语，不能独立使用。
• 观察下面几个单词，找出共同词根： • revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vivid • 拉丁词根：vit-/viv-, 意思：life or live • 复兴，复活；维生素；十分重要的；生机勃勃的，活泼的；生动的
zable into smaller forms. • 词素是语言中最小的语音语义结合体。(P13)
• Q: What’s the difference between a “word” & a “morpheme”? • 词：能独立运用的、最小的语音语义结合体 • 词素：不一定能独立运用 • Example • 试分析：denationalization共有几个词素？ • nation • nation+al • nation+al+ize • de-nation+al+ize • de-nation-al-iz-ation 使非国有化,使私营化
• B. Allomorphs 词素变体 • A morpheme may take various shapes or forms. • 如：books, pigs, horses共同词素是什么？ • 曲折词素-(e)s。 • 有三种不同发音：/-s, -z, -iz/
• An elusive notion • have has had ？ • friend friends ？
• entry词条in a dictionary --- lexeme 词位 • word form 词形：词的不同形状 • lexical unit 词汇单位：一个词形跟一个意义的结合
• Definition: • A word is an independent, minimal, meaningful linguistic unit.
• 粘着词根大多源自希腊语或拉丁语，不能独立使用。
• 观察下面几个单词，找出共同词根： • revive, vitamin, vital, vivacious, vivid • 拉丁词根：vit-/viv-, 意思：life or live • 复兴，复活；维生素；十分重要的；生机勃勃的，活泼的；生动的
zable into smaller forms. • 词素是语言中最小的语音语义结合体。(P13)
• Q: What’s the difference between a “word” & a “morpheme”? • 词：能独立运用的、最小的语音语义结合体 • 词素：不一定能独立运用 • Example • 试分析：denationalization共有几个词素？ • nation • nation+al • nation+al+ize • de-nation+al+ize • de-nation-al-iz-ation 使非国有化,使私营化
词汇学第一章 The Basic Concepts of Words and VocabularyPPT
1.4 Sound and Form
Task 1 Say the following words by yourself.
cough
thought
though
thorough
tough
through
Question: why is there the disparity?
The international reason Changes Borrowings
1.3 Sound and Meaning
In how many languages do you know the name of the animal in this picture?
Task 1 Say the name of the animal in
as many languages as you can.
content words and which are functional words? denote never and run notion upon seven Christmas have would
1.5.3 Native words & borrowed words
Task
Guess whether the statements are true or false.
non-basic vocabulary
Not all the words of the basic word stock have these features.
Non-basic vocabulary include:
Terminology 专业术语 Jargon 行话 Slang 俚语 Argot 隐语 Dialectal words 方言词 Archaisms 古词语 Neologisms 新词语
英语词汇学chapter1
The Old English (449-1100)
�
�
The vocabulary of Old English was chiefly AngloSaxon with a small mixture of Old Norse words as a result of the Scandinavian or the Danish conquests of England in the ninth century, such as, cake, call, egg, knife, take, give, etc. The English continued to adopt words from Latin during the Old English period due to the Angles and Saxons’ various contacts with the Romans, such as, candle, kettle, mountain, school, cup, etc.
The Middle English (1100-1500)
The Middle English (1100-1500)
The Norman Conquest: William, the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded and conquered England and the AngloSaxons in 1066 AD.
Influences
Celts (the earliest inhabitants) 450 790 1066 The conquest and settlement of the Angles, Saxons, and the Jutes the Scandinavian or the Danish conquests The Norman Conquest
英语词汇学 chapter 1
1.1 Definition of a word
There has been no agreed definition to the term
“word”. The definition may have the following
versions:
① a minimal free form of a language;
② a sound unity;
③ a unit of meaning;
④ a form that can function alone in a sentence.
To sum up, we can say that “a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function”.
sight(视力)， site(场所)， cite(引证)
vain (陡然), vein(静脉)，vane(风向标)
1.3 Sound and Form
Form refers to the written form of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree with the oral form. In other words, the sound should be similar to the form. This is true of English in its earliest stage, e. g. Old English.
too.
Numerous linguistic facts prove the opinion held by the Conventionalists is correct, whereas the thesis by the Naturalists can’t hold water.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
home
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology Lexicon
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Lexicon [early 17th cent. From Greek lexikon book of words] or lexis [1950s: from Greek léxis speech] is used instead of "dictionary" though generally lexicon is a technical term which refers to the set of all words and idioms of the language in question; sometimes writers Use lexicon to refer to the vocabulary of a language as used by an individual speaker, which is best illustrated in the term ―mental lexicon‖.
精品资源共享课程
英语词汇学
English Lexicology
Lecturer: Tang Hongjuan
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Some Terminologies
The practice of compiling dictionaries is lexicography; a person
who complies dictionaries is seen as a lexicographer.
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
L E X E M E
Lexeme can be seen as a term that is used to express the idea that inflected forms, which are words themselves, are still variants of one single word, e.g. ―playing‖, ―played‖, ―plays‖ are the inflected variants of the same lexeme ―play‖. In a sense, each of these variants is itself a word; the term word form is used
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo To be continued
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
The former can occur as independent unit and even as a
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Morphology
Morphology is the study of the morphemes of a language and
Morphology
Lexical Unit
Word Form
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Vocabulary
It usually refers to a complete Inventory of the words in a language. But it may also refer to the words in a language. But it may also refer to the words and phrases used in the variants of a language, such as dialect, register, terminology, etc. A unit of vocabulary is generally
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
I . Terminologies
Vocabulary Lexicology Lexeme Lexicon Dictionary Semantics
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Text in here
II Definition of Word
Aristotle’s definition Bloomfield’s definition
Aristotle defined a word as the smallest significant unit of speech — a definition which held sway until recently. See to –ess as in countess, lioness, duchess and –ish as in boyish, childish, greenish, etc.
how they are combined to make words.
Semantics
Semantics is the technical term used to refer to the study of word meaning/sense.
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Dictionary
A dictionary is ―a reference book containing Words usually alphabetically arranged with information about Their forms, pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings, and Syntactical and idiomatic uses ‖ (Merriam Webster, 1993).
Definition of WORD & WORD Survey Theory of Naming Sense and Reference Sense and Meaning Classification of Senses
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
Contents
back
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Bloomfield held a word is the minimal freeform(1933:
177-178). He distinguished Between two types of
1 2
3
4 5
Antoine Millet’s Definition
Our Consideration Word Survey
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 C学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
referred to as a lexical item/ a word. A learner’s vocabulary
can be divided into active vocabulary and passive vocabulary: the former refers to lexical items which a learner can use (speak and write); the latter to words which he/she can understand (read and guess).
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Lexicology
[1820s: from Greek lexikós of words, -logia study] is the systematic study of vocabulary/lexical items/lexis. It deals with words and word-forming morphemes, significant units. It follows that these elements must be investigated in their form and in their meaning. Roughly, it is a combination of studies on semantics and morphology, called lexical semantics or pragmatic semantics in wider sense.
home
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology Lexicon
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Lexicon [early 17th cent. From Greek lexikon book of words] or lexis [1950s: from Greek léxis speech] is used instead of "dictionary" though generally lexicon is a technical term which refers to the set of all words and idioms of the language in question; sometimes writers Use lexicon to refer to the vocabulary of a language as used by an individual speaker, which is best illustrated in the term ―mental lexicon‖.
精品资源共享课程
英语词汇学
English Lexicology
Lecturer: Tang Hongjuan
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Some Terminologies
The practice of compiling dictionaries is lexicography; a person
who complies dictionaries is seen as a lexicographer.
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
L E X E M E
Lexeme can be seen as a term that is used to express the idea that inflected forms, which are words themselves, are still variants of one single word, e.g. ―playing‖, ―played‖, ―plays‖ are the inflected variants of the same lexeme ―play‖. In a sense, each of these variants is itself a word; the term word form is used
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo To be continued
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
The former can occur as independent unit and even as a
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Morphology
Morphology is the study of the morphemes of a language and
Morphology
Lexical Unit
Word Form
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Vocabulary
It usually refers to a complete Inventory of the words in a language. But it may also refer to the words in a language. But it may also refer to the words and phrases used in the variants of a language, such as dialect, register, terminology, etc. A unit of vocabulary is generally
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
I . Terminologies
Vocabulary Lexicology Lexeme Lexicon Dictionary Semantics
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Text in here
II Definition of Word
Aristotle’s definition Bloomfield’s definition
Aristotle defined a word as the smallest significant unit of speech — a definition which held sway until recently. See to –ess as in countess, lioness, duchess and –ish as in boyish, childish, greenish, etc.
how they are combined to make words.
Semantics
Semantics is the technical term used to refer to the study of word meaning/sense.
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Dictionary
A dictionary is ―a reference book containing Words usually alphabetically arranged with information about Their forms, pronunciations, functions, etymologies, meanings, and Syntactical and idiomatic uses ‖ (Merriam Webster, 1993).
Definition of WORD & WORD Survey Theory of Naming Sense and Reference Sense and Meaning Classification of Senses
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
Contents
back
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 Company Logo
back
英语词汇学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Bloomfield held a word is the minimal freeform(1933:
177-178). He distinguished Between two types of
1 2
3
4 5
Antoine Millet’s Definition
Our Consideration Word Survey
home
乐山师范学院外国语学院 C学 English Lexicology
Episode One A General Survey of Word
referred to as a lexical item/ a word. A learner’s vocabulary
can be divided into active vocabulary and passive vocabulary: the former refers to lexical items which a learner can use (speak and write); the latter to words which he/she can understand (read and guess).
Episode One A General Survey of Word
Lexicology
[1820s: from Greek lexikós of words, -logia study] is the systematic study of vocabulary/lexical items/lexis. It deals with words and word-forming morphemes, significant units. It follows that these elements must be investigated in their form and in their meaning. Roughly, it is a combination of studies on semantics and morphology, called lexical semantics or pragmatic semantics in wider sense.