药物合成反应课后翻译.
1、About 216–224 g. (1.62–1.68 moles) of powdered anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to a 1Lthree-necked flask.在1L的三口烧瓶中加入大约216-224g(1.62–1.68 moles)的无水三氯化铝。
While the free-flowing catalyst is stirred (Note 3), 81 g. (0.67 mole) of acetophenone is added from the dropping funnel in a slow stream over a period of 20–30 minutes. 自由流动的催化剂边搅拌边用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加81g苯乙酰。
Considerable heat is evolved, and, if the drops of ketone are not dispersed, darkening or charring occurs. 放热反应，假如滴加的酮不能被分散，就会变黑或是碳化。
When about one-third of the acetophenone has been added, the mixture becomes a viscous ball-like mass that is difficult to stir.当三分之一的乙酰苯被滴加，反应混合物变成一个很难搅拌的粘性的球状团块。
Turning of the stirrer by hand or more rapid addition of ketone is necessary at this point. 在这时，改用手动搅拌或快速滴加酮是非常必要的。
The addition of ketone, however, should not be so rapid as to produce a temperature above 180°. 然而，速度不能太快，当反应温度超过180℃时。
Near the end of the addition, the mass becomes molten and can be stirred easily without being either heated or cooled. The molten mass, in which the acetophenone is complexed with aluminum chloride, ranges in color from tan to brown.当快滴加完时，团块开始融化，表明苯乙酰已经和三氯化铝混合完全，颜色也逐渐从黄褐色变为棕色。
Bromine (128 g., 0.80 mole) is added dropwise to the well-stirred mixture over a period of 40 minutes (Note 4). 在40分钟内在搅拌下把溴缓慢滴加到混合物中。
After all the bromine has been added, the molten mixture is stirred at 80–85° on a steam bath for 1 hour.溴滴加完后，熔融混合物在80-85℃蒸气浴下搅拌1小时。
The complex is added in portions to a well-stirred mixture of 1.3 l. of cracked ice and 100 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid in a 2-l. beaker (Note 6).反应物加入到1.3L碎冰和100ml浓盐酸的混合物中在2L的烧杯中混合均匀。
Part of the cold aqueous layer is added to the reaction flask to decompose whatever part of the reaction mixture remains there, and the resulting mixture is added to the beaker.把部分的冰水层加入到烧瓶中洗涤残留物，然后合并到烧杯中。
The dark oil that settles out is extracted from the mixture with four 150-ml. portions of ether 分四次把深色的油从混合物中用150ml萃取出来。
The extracts are combined, washed consecutively with 100 ml. of water and 100 ml. of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and transferred to a short-necked distillation flask. 合并萃取液，用100ml水和100ml 5%的小苏打洗涤，用无水硫酸钠干燥。
The ether is removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure, and crude 3-bromoacetophenone is stripped from a fewgrams of heavy dark residue by distillation at reduced pressure. 乙醚在常压下蒸馏，微量的溴苯乙酮通过减压蒸馏的方法从大量深色残渣中被分离出来。
The colorless distillate is carefully fractionated to obtain 94–100 g.通过分馏，得到无色的流出液94-100g2、反应式：3、2-Methyl-4-ethoxalylcyclopentane-1,3,5-trione. A solution of sodium ethoxide is prepared in a 2-l. three-necked, round-bottomed flask fitted with amercury-sealed stirrer, a reflux condenser carrying a drying tube, and a stopper by the addition of 69.0 g. (3 moles) of sodium to 950 ml. of absolute ethanol. 69.0g （3mol）钠和950ml无水乙醇在配有干燥回流冷凝管和汞封搅拌器的2L三口圆底烧瓶中制备乙醇钠。
The solution is cooled to 0–5° in an ice bath and stirred.溶液在0-5℃下冰浴搅拌。
The stopper is replaced by a dropping funnel, and a cold mixture (5–15°) of 108 g. (1.50 moles) of freshly distilled 2-butanone and 482 g. (3.30 moles) of diethyl oxalate (Note 1) is added gradually over a period of 30 minutes.瓶塞用分液漏斗取代，108g（1.5mol）的丁二酮和482g（3.3mol）的乙二酸二乙酯在5-15℃下低温混合，在30分钟内逐步滴加到溶液中。
After the addition is complete, the thick, orange-red mixture is allowed to warm with continued stirring to room temperature, heated under reflux for 30 minutes, and cooled again to 0° in an ice bath. 完全加入后，橘红色的粘稠物继续搅拌至室温，加热回流30分钟后在冰浴中冷却至0℃。
The mixture is decomposed by stirring with 165 ml. of sulfuric acid (1:1 by volume) added in portions.将165ml浓硫酸（体积比1:1）在搅拌加入，分解混合物。
The sodium sulfateformed is filtered by suction and washed with ethanol (150–200 ml.) (Note 2). 硫酸钠抽滤后用乙醇（150–200 ml）洗涤。
The washings and filtrate are combined and concentrated by evaporation .合并滤液和洗涤液后蒸发浓缩。
The yellowish brown product which accumulates by slow crystallization is collected by filtration, washed with small quantities of ice-cold water, and dried in air. 过滤缓慢析出的棕黄色产品用小剂量的冰水洗涤后在空气中干燥。
The crude product weighs 140–150 g.粗产品140-150g。
Further evaporative concentration of the mother liquor followed by cooling furnishes an additional 40–50 g. of the keto ester, 此外将母液用冷冻蒸发浓缩后又得到40-50g的酮酯。
bringing the total yield to 180–200 g. (53–59%)产品总共180-200g（产率53-59%）(Note 2). This crude material (m.p. 120–130°) is used in the next step.粗品（熔点120–130℃）用于下一步中A pure sample can be obtained by crystallization from ethyl acetate after treatment with Norit activated carbon, m.p. 160–162°.纯品是经过活性炭处理后在乙酸乙酯中结晶得到，熔点160–162℃。
药物合成反应(第三版)第二章课后翻译
第二章课后翻译Preparation of cyclopropane 1,1- dicarboxylic acid环丙烷1,1-二甲酸的制备(1). To a 1-L solution of aqueous 50% sodium hydroxide(Note 1), mechanically stirred in a 2-L, three-necked flask, was added, at 25°C, 114.0 g (0.5 mol) of triethylbenzylammonium chloride（TEBA三乙基苄基氯化铵）(Note 2).1L的50%氢氧化钠加入到2L的三口烧瓶中，加入TEBA三乙基苄基氯化铵114.0g（0.5mol）在25℃机械搅拌。
To this vigorously stirred suspension was added a mixture of 80.0 g (0.5 mol) of diethyl malonate and 141.0 g (0.75 mol) of 1,2-dibromoethane all at once.充分搅拌至混悬状，一次性加入丙二酸二乙酯80.0g（0.5mol）和1,2-二溴乙烷141.0个（0.75mol）的混合物。
The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred for 2 hr (Note 3).反应混合物强烈搅拌2小时。
The contents of the flask were transferred to a 4-L Erlenmeyer flask by rinsing the flask with three 75-mL portions of water.把烧瓶中的物质转移到4L的锥形瓶中，并用75ml清水洗涤烧瓶三次。
The mixture was magnetically stirred by dropwise addition of 1 L of concentrated hydrochloric acid.混合物在磁力搅拌下缓慢滴加浓盐酸。
(完整word版)药物合成反应(闻韧_第三版)课后翻译(word文档良心出品)
1、About 216–224 g. (1.62–1.68 moles) of powdered anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to a 1Lthree-necked flask.在1L的三口烧瓶中加入大约216-224g(1.62–1.68 moles)的无水三氯化铝。
While the free-flowing catalyst is stirred (Note 3), 81 g. (0.67 mole) of acetophenone is added from the dropping funnel in a slow stream over a period of 20–30 minutes. 自由流动的催化剂边搅拌边用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加81g苯乙酰。
Considerable heat is evolved, and, if the drops of ketone are not dispersed, darkening or charring occurs. 放热反应，假如滴加的酮不能被分散，就会变黑或是碳化。
When about one-third of the acetophenone has been added, the mixture becomes a viscous ball-like mass that is difficult to stir.当三分之一的乙酰苯被滴加，反应混合物变成一个很难搅拌的粘性的球状团块。
Turning of the stirrer by hand or more rapid addition of ketone is necessary at this point. 在这时，改用手动搅拌或快速滴加酮是非常必要的。
The addition of ketone, however, should not be so rapid as to produce a temperature above 180°. 然而，速度不能太快，当反应温度超过180℃时。
闻韧版 药物合成反应 课后翻译
第六章
(1)、二吡啶三氧化铬
在一个干燥的装有密封机械搅拌器，温度计，和干燥管的1L的三颈烧瓶里面装入500毫升无水吡啶，搅拌,用冰浴冷却到大约15°。干燥管是定期拿开，将68克（0.68摩尔）无水三氧化铬在一个30分钟内通过瓶颈分次加入。氧化铬应增加在这样的速度，温度不超过20°，并以这种方式，迅速与吡啶氧化物混合，不粘附瓶内。随着氧化铬的加入，一种深黄色的，絮状沉淀物从吡啶中分离出来，混合物的粘度增加。当添加完后，这混合物
第四章
（1）、 在配有回流冷凝器的3L圆底烧瓶中加入625ml的95%酒精、500ml水、500g（476ml，4,7mol）的苯甲醛和50g 96-98%的氰化钠。混合物加热并保持沸腾1.5小时。在20分钟后晶体开始从热溶液中析出。在最后的30分钟，冷却溶液，抽滤并用少量水洗涤有450-460g白色或亮黄色的干燥的安息香。理论产率90-92%。为了得到纯度高的产品，粗产品要在酒精中重结晶，90g粗品溶解在700ml沸腾的酒精中，冷却， 得到83g熔点为129摄氏度的白色安息香纯品。
合并二氯甲烷溶液_可用稀盐酸，碳酸氢钠溶液和水洗涤，或直接通过助滤剂过滤，或通过色谱柱去除吡啶铬盐_痕迹。去除二氯甲烷获得该产品;少量残余吡啶可通过减少压力下去除。
（3）庚醛
在一个干燥，1L的装有机械搅拌器的三颈烧瓶中加入650ml无水二氯甲烷。开始搅拌，在室温下加入77.5g二吡啶三氧化铬，再一次性加入5.8g 1-庚醇。搅拌20分钟后，倒出上层溶液从这不溶性棕色胶状物中，并用3个100ml乙醚冲洗。乙醚和二氯甲烷的溶液相结合，并先后用300毫升5％氢氧化钠的水，100毫升5％的盐酸（注12），两个100毫升部分饱和碳酸氢钠，并最后用100毫升饱和氯化钠水溶液冲洗。无水硫酸镁干燥有机层，并通过蒸馏去除溶剂。在残余油通过Claisen缩合____减压蒸馏分离4.0-4.8克。 （70-84％）的庚醛，B.P. 80-84°（65毫米），n25D1.4094
药物合成反应闻韧_第三版课后翻译
1、About 216–224 g. (1.62–1.68 moles) of powdered anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to a 1Lthree-necked flask.在1L的三口烧瓶中加入大约216-224g(1.62–1.68 moles)的无水三氯化铝。
While the free-flowing catalyst is stirred (Note 3), 81 g. (0.67 mole) of acetophenone is added from the dropping funnel in a slow stream over a period of 20–30 minutes. 自由流动的催化剂边搅拌边用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加81g苯乙酰。
Considerable heat is evolved, and, if the drops of ketone are not dispersed, darkening or charring occurs. 放热反应，假如滴加的酮不能被分散，就会变黑或是碳化。
When about one-third of the acetophenone has been added, the mixture becomes a viscous ball-like mass that is difficult to stir.当三分之一的乙酰苯被滴加，反应混合物变成一个很难搅拌的粘性的球状团块。
Turning of the stirrer by hand or more rapid addition of ketone is necessary at this point. 在这时，改用手动搅拌或快速滴加酮是非常必要的。
The addition of ketone, however, should not be so rapid as to produce a temperature above 180°. 然而，速度不能太快，当反应温度超过180℃时。
药物合成反应(第三版)第一,二 三章课后翻译
第二章课后翻译Preparation of cyclopropane 1,1- dicarboxylic acid环丙烷1,1-二甲酸的制备(1). To a 1-L solution of aqueous 50% sodium hydroxide(Note 1), mechanically stirred in a 2-L, three-necked flask, was added, at 25°C, 114.0 g (0.5 mol) of triethylbenzylammonium chloride（TEBA三乙基苄基氯化铵）(Note 2).1L的50%氢氧化钠加入到2L的三口烧瓶中，加入TEBA三乙基苄基氯化铵114.0g（0.5mol）在25℃机械搅拌。
To this vigorously stirred suspension was added a mixture of 80.0 g (0.5 mol) of diethyl malonate and 141.0 g (0.75 mol) of 1,2-dibromoethane all at once.充分搅拌至混悬状，一次性加入丙二酸二乙酯80.0g（0.5mol）和1,2-二溴乙烷141.0个（0.75mol）的混合物。
The reaction mixture was vigorously stirred for 2 hr (Note 3).反应混合物强烈搅拌2小时。
The contents of the flask were transferred to a 4-L Erlenmeyer flask by rinsing the flask with three 75-mL portions of water.把烧瓶中的物质转移到4L的锥形瓶中，并用75ml清水洗涤烧瓶三次。
The mixture was magnetically stirred by dropwise addition of 1 L of concentrated hydrochloric acid.混合物在磁力搅拌下缓慢滴加浓盐酸。
药物合成反应与设计翻译部分
药物合成反应与设计翻译部分（第三版闻韧主编）第一章翻译：About 216–224 g. (1.62–1.68 moles) of powdered anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to a 1Lthree-necked flask.在1L的三口烧瓶中加入大约216-224g(1.62–1.68 moles)的无水三氯化铝。
While the free-flowing catalyst is stirred (Note 3), 81 g. (0.67 mole) of acetophenone is added from the dropping funnel in a slow stream over a period of 20–30 minutes. 自由流动的催化剂边搅拌边用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加81g苯乙酰。
Considerable heat is evolved, and, if the drops of ketone are not dispersed, darkening or charring occurs. 放热反应，假如滴加的酮不能被分散，就会变黑或是碳化。
When about one-third of the acetophenone has been added, the mixture becomes a viscous ball-like mass that is difficult to stir.当三分之一的乙酰苯被滴加，反应混合物变成一个很难搅拌的粘性的球状团块。
Turning of the stirrer by hand or more rapid addition of ketone is necessary at this point. 在这时，改用手动搅拌或快速滴加酮是非常必要的。
The addition of ketone, however, should not be so rapid as to produce a temperature above 180°. 然而，速度不能太快，当反应温度超过180℃时。
药物合成反应闻韧第三版课后翻译
1、About 216–224 g. –moles) of powdered anhydrous is added to a 1Lthree-necked flask.在1L的三口烧瓶中加入大约216-224g– moles)的无水三氯化铝。
While the free-flowing catalyst is stirred , 81 g. mole) of is added from the dropping funnel in a slow stream over a period of 20–30 minutes. 自由流动的催化剂边搅拌边用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加81g苯乙酰。
Considerable heat is evolved, and, if the drops of ketone are not dispersed, darkening or charring occurs. 放热反应，假如滴加的酮不能被分散，就会变黑或是碳化。
When about one-third of the has been added, the mixture becomes a viscous ball-like mass that is difficult to stir.当三分之一的乙酰苯被滴加，反应混合物变成一个很难搅拌的粘性的球状团块。
Turning of the stirrer by hand or more rapid addition of ketone is necessary at this point. 在这时，改用手动搅拌或快速滴加酮是非常必要的。
The addition of ketone, however, should not be so rapid as to produce a temperature above 180°. 然而，速度不能太快，当反应温度超过180℃时。
药物合成反应(第三版)第一章课后翻译
About 216–224 g. (1.62–1.68 moles) of powdered anhydrous aluminum chloride is added to a 1Lthree-necked flask.在1L的三口烧瓶中加入大约216-224g(1.62–1.68 moles)的无水三氯化铝。
While the free-flowing catalyst is stirred (Note 3), 81 g. (0.67 mole) of acetophenone is added from the dropping funnel in a slow stream over a period of 20–30 minutes.自由流动的催化剂边搅拌边用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加81g苯乙酰。
Considerable heat is evolved, and, if the drops of ketone are not dispersed, darkening or charring occurs. 放热反应，假如滴加的酮不能被分散，就会变黑或是碳化。
When about one-third of the acetophenone has been added, the mixture becomes a viscous ball-like mass that is difficult to stir.当三分之一的乙酰苯被滴加，反应混合物变成一个很难搅拌的粘性的球状团块。
Turning of the stirrer by hand or more rapid addition of ketone is necessary at this point. 在这时，改用手动搅拌或快速滴加酮是非常必要的。
The addition of ketone, however, should not be so rapid as to produce a temperature above 180°. 然而，速度不能太快，当反应温度超过180℃时。
药物合成反应课后翻译
四次把深色的油从混合物中用 150ml 萃取岀来。
The extracts are combined, washedto produce a temperature above 180° .然而，速度不能太快，当反应温度超过either heated or cooled. The molte n mass, in which the acet ophenon e is complexed with aluminum chloride, ranges in color from tan to brown.明苯乙酰已经和三氯化铝混合完全，颜色也逐渐从黄褐色变为棕色。
混合均匀。
Part of the cold aqueous layer is added to the reacti on flask to deco mposewhatever part of the reactionmixture remains there, and the resultingmixture is addedto the beaker.把部分的冰水层加入到烧瓶中洗涤残留物，然后合并到烧杯中。
that settles out is extracted from the mixture with four 150-ml. p orti ons of etherAbout 216 — 224 g. — moles) of po wdered an hydrous aluminum chloride is added to a1Lthree-necked flask.在1L 的三口烧瓶中加入大约 216-224g - moles)的无水三氯化铝。
While the freeflow ing catalyst is stirred (Note 3), 81 g. mole) of acet ophenone is added from the dropping funnel in a slow stream over a p eriod of 20 -30 minutes. 自由流动 的催化剂边搅拌边用滴液漏斗缓慢滴加 81g 苯乙酰。
药物合成方程式+名词解释+反应机理 石皮 石...
药物合成反应方程式第一章：卤代反应1.2.3.4.5.6.第二章：烃化反应1.盐酸普萘洛尔的合成：2.盐酸氯丙嗪的合成：构型保持构型反转4.第三章：酰化反应 1. 2. 3. 4第四章：缩合反应 1. 2. 3 4.6.7.8.9.10.11. 13.第五章：重排反应1.2.3.4.5.7.8.9. 11.12.13.14.15.17.第六章：氧化反应 一、完成下列反应： 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.℃℃11.12.13.14.二、写出下列反应的主要试剂和反应条件：1.2. 3.4.5.6.7.8.9.第七章：还原反应 一、完成下列反应： 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.二、写出下列反应的化学试剂和反应条件： 1.2.3.4.5. 其他：1.在利尿药氯噻酮的中间体对氯苯甲酸的制备中，为什么1mol的邻苯二甲酸酐要用2.4mol的AlCl3为催化剂？若傅克酰化反应中用酰氯为酰化剂，催化剂AlCl3的用量如何？反应结束后，产物如何从反应中分离？2.下列两种甾醇以鉻酸氧化时，哪一种速度快，为什么？药物合成名词解释1.Adams’ catalyst (Adams催化剂)：将氯铂酸铵与硝酸钠混合均匀后灼热熔融，氧化过程中有大量二氧化氮放出，经洗涤等处理后即得二氧化铂催化剂。
2.Arndt-E istert reaction (Arndt-E istert重排)：Arndt-Eistert等用酰氯与重氮甲烷反应得α-重氮酮，再经Wollf重排，生成比原酰氯多一个碳的羧酸，该反应环称Arndt-Eistert反应。
3.Baeyer-Villiger oxidation (Baeyer-Villiger氧化反应)：在酸催化下，醛或酮与过氧酸作用，在烃基与羰基之间插入氧生成酯的反应称为Baeyer-V illiger氧化重排。
4.Beckmann rearrangement (Beckmann重排)：醛肟或酮肟在酸性催化剂作用下重排成取代酰胺的反应称Beckmann重排。