文化翻译
第一讲 汉英翻译与文化

从南到北:from north to south
biting east wind.
cattle
Drink like a fish,
as timid as a rabbit,
as happy as a cow, 力大如牛:as strong as a horse, As poor as a church mouse, 挥金如土spend money like water 半斤八两:six of one and half a dozen of the other.
四大名著/the Four Classic Novels
三国演义
Three Kingdoms 西游记
Journey to the West / Pilgrimage to the West 红楼梦
Dream of the Red Mansions 水浒传
Heroes of the Marshes / Tales of the Water Margin
10本文化著作--- 四书五经+史记
the Four Books the Analects of
Confucius the Mencius the Great Learning the Doctrine of the
Mean
the Book of Songs the Book of History the Book of Rites the Book of Changes the Spring & Autumn
to beat about the bush——to approach a subject without coming to the point, try to say something indirectly
中英文化互译

Color - Green
green-eyed 眼紅
She is a green hand in teaching English. 在英语教学中,他还是个生手。
green
在埃及寺庙的地面是绿色的。在希腊和摩尔人中绿 色代表胜利。对于穆斯林来说绿色是神圣的,在前 往圣地麦加朝圣之后他们手拿绿色的旗帜,头戴绿 色的(穆斯林的)头巾。他们甚至把做祷辞用的小 块地毯也设计成绿色图案。苏格兰高地人以身穿绿 色来代表荣誉。绿色也是爱尔兰的国色。绿色作为 交通信号色则表示通行。在医疗急救设备上往往涂 有绿色。在家庭中使用绿色可有益于消除身心疲惫。
Culture: [ˈkʌltʃə(r)]
n: 文化; 养殖; [生物学] (微生物等的) 培养; 修养 Vt: 培植,培养
Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.
3.有时 blue 又有社会地位高、出身名门的意义, 如:He is proud of his blue blood. 他因出身名门贵 族而骄傲
white
1.white 在汉语和英语的联想意义中都有纯洁 和清白的意思,但也有一些含义上的不同。 例如,汉民族文化中,白色与死亡、丧事相 联系。如“红白喜事”中的“白”指丧事 (funeral),表示哀悼。但在英语文化中, white 表示幸福和纯洁,如新娘在婚礼上穿白 色礼服,代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。
文化英语短文带翻译

文化是社会的一个动态方面,包括语言、传统、信仰和艺术等各种因素。语言在定义文化方面起着至关重要的作用,因为它是社区内沟通和表达的主要手段。在这篇文章中,我们将深入探讨文化在学习英语作为第二语言中的重要性,并探索文化如何影响语言习得。
文化和语言密切相关。在学习一门新语言时,学习者不仅需要掌握必要的词汇和语法规则,还需要熟悉目标语言的文化和习俗。这种文化成分帮助学习者更深入地理解语言,并使他们能够与母语使用者有效地交流。
Language teaching methods can also be adapted to accommodate cultural differences. For example, in some cultures, learning is more teacher-centered, with a focus on memorization and repetition. In contrast, English language teaching often emphasizes student-centered approaches, promoting critical thinking and creativity. By acknowledging and respecting these cultural differences, educators can create a learning environment that meets the diverse needs of their students.
Culture and language are intimately intertwined. When learning a new language, learners not only acquire the necessary vocabulary and grammar rules but also familiarize themselves with the culture and customs of the target language. This cultural component helps learners gain a deeper understanding of the language and allows them to communicate effectively with native speakers.
文化翻译(讲义)-左飚

文化翻译:理论与实践(讲义)左飚一、翻译是跨文化交际活动,译者是文化中介人。
Translation is intercultural communication and the translator is a cultural mediator.1、翻译是中介人The Translator as a Mediator- The translator is a bilingual mediating agent between monolingual communication participants in two different language communities.George Steiner (1975) 译者是两个不同语言群体的单语交际者之间的双语中介人。
-The translator is first and foremost a mediator between two parties for whom mutual communication might otherwise be problematic. Hatim and Mason (1990) 译者首先是两方的中介人,没有他,两方的交际会有困难。
2、翻译是文化中介人The Translator as a Cultural Mediator- The translator is a cross-cultural specialist.(跨文化专家)Mary Snell-Hornby (1992) -The translation operator is a cultural operator. Heuson and Martim (1991) (文化运作者)-The translator is a cultural mediator. David Katan (2004) (文化中介人)-In order to play the role of mediator, the translator has to be flexible in switching his cultural orientation. …Hence, a cultural mediator will havedeveloped a high degree of intercultural sensitivity.Taft (1981) 译者如果想发挥(文化)中介人的作用,就必须灵活地转换自己的文化取向。
中国文化和汉英翻译

Definition Four
In 1871 E.B. Taylor defined culture as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs, and many other capabilities and habits acquired by members of society." "Culture means the total body of tradition borne by a society and transmitted from generation to generation. It thus refers to the norms, values, standards by which people act, and it includes the ways distinctive in each society of ordering the world and rendering it intelligible. Culture is...a set of mechanisms for survival, but it provides us also with a definition of reality. It is the matrix into which we are born, it is the anvil upon which our persons and destinies are forged."
Culture and Translation
文化与翻译
It is not easy to give a clear definition about culture. There are various definitions about it.
文化翻译理论韦努蒂课件

文化翻译理论的优势与不足
01 02 03 04
不足
难以完全传递文化信息:由于语言和文化的复杂性,完全传递文化信 息是非常困难的,有时甚至是不可能的。
过度强调源语言文化:文化翻译理论有时会过度强调源语言文化的价 值,而忽视目标语言文化的接受性和需求。
详细描述
03
04
05
1. 文化背景的传递:在 文学作品中,文化背景 的传递对于理解作品具 有重要意义。例如,在 翻译西方古典文学作品 时,需要准确传递作品 所处的时代背景、社会 环境等。
2. 语言风格的再现:文 学作品的语言风格是其 独特性所在,需要在翻 译中得到再现。例如, 在翻译诗歌时,需要再 现原诗的韵律、节奏和 修辞手法等。
文化翻译的重要性
文化翻译是跨文化交流的重要手 段,能够将源语言中的文化信息 传递给目标语言读者,促进不同 文化之间的理解和交流。
文化翻译理论的发展历程
早期的文化翻译理论
早期的文化翻译理论主要关注语言之间的转换,强调翻译的忠实 性和准确性。
现代的文化翻译理论
现代的文化翻译理论更加注重文化的传递和表达,强调翻译的跨文 化交流性质。
人工智能与机器翻译
随着人工智能技术的发展,机器翻译将在未来发挥更大的 作用。文化翻译理论需要进一步研究如何利用人工智能技 术提高翻译的准确性和流畅性。
跨文化交流与翻译的挑战与机遇
挑战
文化差异:不同文化之间的差异给跨文化交流和翻译带来了诸多挑战,如价值观、思维方式 、语言表达方式等方面的差异。
缺乏共同语境:由于不同的文化背景和生活经验,人们往往缺乏共同的语境和理解框架,导 致交流和理解困难。
中国传统文化英语翻译

45.京剧:BeijingOpera/PekingOpera
46.秦腔:CryingofQinPeople/QinOpera
47.太极拳:Tai Chiﻫ48.独生子女证:TheCertificate ofOne-child
64.香港澳门同胞:CompatriotsfromHongKong andMacao
65.文化大革命:Cultural Revolution
66.长江中下游地区:TheMid-lowReaches of Yangtze Riverﻫ67.门当户对:PerfectMatch/Exact Match
68.《水浒》:Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh
49.天坛:AltarofHeaveninBeijingﻫ50.小吃摊:Snack Bar/SnackStand
51.红双喜:Double Happinessﻫ52.政治辅导员:Political Counselor/SchoolCounselor
53.春卷:SpringRoll(s)
54.莲藕:LotusRootﻫ55.追星族:StarStruckﻫ56.故宫博物院:ThePalace Museumﻫ57.相声:Cross-talk/ComicDialogue
一、对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中,龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。ﻫChineseDragonDragon totem worship inChinahasbeenaroundfor the last 8,000years.Theancients inChina consideredthe dragon (or loong)afetish thatcombinesanimalsincluding the fish,snake,horseandox withcloud,thunder,lightning and other natural celestialphenomena.TheChinesedragonwas formedin accordance withthe multiculturalfusionprocess of theChinesenation. To the Chinese,thedragonsignifiesinnovationandcohesion.ﻫ二、秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈,通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装,他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间,人们一旦听到锣鼓声,不管外面天气有多冷,他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来,中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队,队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康,同事他们也乐在其中。
文化,语言,译

• 在使用这种仪器前,必须弄清它的性能。
• You must know the properties of the instrument before you use i t .
• 4.2.2 动词的形态
• 英语靠形态表意,即以屈折式形式变化所含的 语法意义表意;汉语靠词汇表意,即用所使用 的词的含义表意。
• Myhusband, Gary, and I were flying to Hawaii from NewYork City to show our five-month-old son, Timmy, to myparents for the f i r s t time. But what should have been a mission of joy f i l l e d mewith apprehension.
-----Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate
Dictionary
√ 综合语的特征就是运用形态变化来表达语 法关系。
√ 拉丁语、德语、古英语
√ Ananalytic language i s “characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express synthetic relations, rather than of infected forms”.
• 《辞海》指出,文化,从广义上说,指人类社会历 史实践过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。 从狭义上来说,指社会的意识形态,以及与之相适 应的制度和组织机构;有时特指教育、科学、文学、 艺术等方面的精神财富,以与政治、经济、军事等 方面的知识和设施相区别。
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Culture difference caused by Folk customs • • • • • • have one foot in the grave to grow like mushrooms as easy as ABC a piece of cake a lucky dog to kill two birds with one stone • In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is the king.
意译法 free translation
替代法 alternative
异化策略(foreignizing method)
直译法
literal translation音译法ຫໍສະໝຸດ transliteration
译注法
annotation
意 译 法
Domesticating strategies(归化策略) 布朗先生是个非常忠 实可靠的人。那天 ,他 意译法(liberal\free translation) 脸上颇有病容。近来 当原语中带有文化色彩的词语在译语中没有完全 他闷闷不乐,我看到他 相对应的词语,且用异化策略中诸法均译不通时 , 时他在沉思之中。希 译者可不拘泥于原语的语言形式和字面意义 ,用 望他早日恢复健康。 跨文化的“对等”词来表达出原语的文化信息。 e.g. Mr. Brown is a very white man. He was looking rather green the other day. He has been feeling blue lately. When I saw him he was in a brown study. I hope he will soon be in the pink again.
examples
How to deal with culture elements in English-Chinese translation processes?
Translation strategies
Domestication (归化) 以目的语文化为归宿(target language culture oriented)。一般 做法是抓住原文语用意义,从目的语中选取与原文语用意义 相同的表达来翻译。是语言形式上或者语言形式所负载的文 化内涵倾向于目的语的翻译策略。总的说来,就是反对引入 新的表达法,使语言本土化。其长处就是能使译文读上去或 听上去更通顺地道,能给读者带来一种亲切感。
Practice 1
LOGO
直译法
My uncle Cassidy gives me money! Pigs might fly if they had wings. 我的叔叔卡西迪给我钱!要是真 的那猪也会长翅膀飞上天了。
He said so to save his face. 他那样说是为了保全面子。
Foreignizing strategies(异化策略)
直译法(literal translation) 用译语中的“对应”词译出原语中文化信息。这个 “对应”词的语义及社会语用价值必须与原文的一 致,这样译语才能与原语做到语言意义和文化意义 上的等值,并尽可能多的保留原语文化特征,开阔译 语读者的文化视野,促进两种文化间的交流。
Domesticating strategies(归化策略) 替代法(alternative) 将原语中带有文化色彩的词语(物象)转换 成译语中带有同等文化色彩的词语(物象)。 这种用法多用于习语和比喻性词语的翻译。
替 代 法
four Asian tigers 亚洲四小龙 as strong as a horse 力大如牛
Culture differences caused by Religious beliefs and historical allusions 1. There is more of Sampson than of Solomon in him. 2. Cast Pearls before Swine. 3. You are just a doubting Thomas. You won’ t believe what I tell you. 4. Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay beings begin to breathe. 1.他四肢发达,头脑简单。 2.对牛弹琴。 3.你这个人真多疑, 我说什么你都不信。 4.老师是创造的见证人, 目睹生命呼吸成长。
转换法
as strong as a horse lead a dog’s life
力大如牛 过牛马不如的生活
laugh off one’s head
as hungry as a bear
笑掉大牙
像饿狼一样
four Asian tigers
亚洲四小龙
译注法
三个臭皮匠,顶一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang, the master mind.
译 注 法
异化?归化?
Practice
• • • • 1. I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse. 我不知道他是否是特洛伊木马。 我不知道他是否是个内奸。 When the host gave some pictures to them, they didn’t realize that they were receiving a modern Trojan Horse: microphones and radio transmitters were hidden. 主人送给他们一幅画时,他们根本不知道那幅 画是他们的祸患:画里藏有话筒和无线电发射 装置 。
直 译 法
The government’s policy has given a green light to the development of our economy. 政府的政策为经济发展开了绿灯。
Foreignizing strategies(异化策略)
音 译 法
音译法 (transliteration) 音译法常常用于英、汉语的人名和地名, 但一些有特定文化意义的词汇也需要如此 处理。 litchi”(荔枝), “ kowtow”(磕头), “wonton”(馄饨), “toufu”(豆腐), “kongfu”(功夫) “逻辑”(logic),“引擎”(engine),“ 马达”(motor),“巧克力 ”(chocolate),“高尔夫”(golf), “ 香槟”(champagne)
• • • • • • •
风烛残年 雨后春笋 易如反掌 小菜一碟 幸运儿 一箭双雕 山中无老虎,猴子 称大王。
Culture difference caused by Folk customs
• 饭桶 • 吃不开 • 吃不了兜着走 • 吃不消 • 吃老本 • 吃软不吃硬 • 吃闲饭 • 吃香
• good-for-nothing • be unpopular • land oneself in serious trouble • be unable to stand • live off one’s past gains • be open to persuasion, but not to coercion • lead an idle life • be very popular
•
• 2. The goalkeeper is the heel of Achilles. • 那守门员太弱是致命的缺陷。 • 那守门员如同阿基里斯的脚跟,是该 队的致命缺陷。 • (注:阿基里斯是荷马史诗中的希腊 英雄,传说除脚踵以外,全身刀枪不 入,后因脚跟受伤而死。)
• 3. “Get out, don’t shed crocodile tears to me, you know you are glad they’re met with misfortune.” • 滚出去!别在我面前掉你那鳄鱼的眼泪,你 自己清楚,你分明是幸灾乐祸。 • 滚出去!别在我面前猫哭耗子假慈悲(假仁 假义),你自己清楚,你分明是幸灾乐祸。
A total way of life of a people
geographical environments
2 1
folk customs
Culture Differences
religious beliefs and historical allusion
3 4
thinking ways
Culture difference caused by Geographical environments • spend money like water • drink like fish • to teach a fish to swim • a big fish in a small pond • all at sea • hang in the wind three sheets in the wind • all hands to the pumps in the same boat
Foreignizing strategies(异化策略) 译注法(annotation) 原文中的一些历史事件、人物、典故等往往 带有一定的文化色彩。译者可先直译,然后在 此基础上采用增词和加注等方法予以解释或说 明文化背景。这样既可以保留原文的文化色彩 ,也有利于读者对原文的理解。 Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard. 俗话说,衣柜里面藏骷髅,见不得人的事家 家有。