实用口译unit 4 Memory in Interpreting
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世纪商务英语口译教程Unit 4

Unit Four
Enquiry, Offer and Counter-offer
询盘、报盘和还盘
Contents
1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section
Memory Training 记忆力训练
Note-taking Skills 笔记技巧
Macao → CN
■ The U.S. import from Japan 记录为:
美←日(US ← J)
■ Hong Kong’s return to China 记录为:
CN ← HK
■ Increase by 60 percent 记录为:
60%↗
■ 提高人民生活水平记录为:
生↗
■ 环境日益恶化记录为:
29 47 41 38 97 49 73 32 45 87 59 67 64 94 28 36 83 29 27 35 62 67 28 14 93 29 74 57 62 86 75 49 73 43 75 93
在口译中,我们常常运用笔记帮助记忆。这是生理和心理两方面的原因:一 方面,人的记忆力是有限的,俗话说“好记性不如烂笔头”,适当地依靠笔记可 以减轻脑记的负担;另一方面,人在紧张的状态下,遗忘的速度要比平时快。但 是,笔记只是一个辅助手段,切不可贪多求全,不可为笔记而笔记。否则,就会 “见树不见林”,忽略了讲话者的中心思想。一般认为,二者的比例应该是“七 分脑记,三分笔记”。
II. Sentence Interpreting 句子口译 Directions: Work in groups of four and interpret the sentences.
Enquiry, Offer and Counter-offer
询盘、报盘和还盘
Contents
1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Section
Memory Training 记忆力训练
Note-taking Skills 笔记技巧
Macao → CN
■ The U.S. import from Japan 记录为:
美←日(US ← J)
■ Hong Kong’s return to China 记录为:
CN ← HK
■ Increase by 60 percent 记录为:
60%↗
■ 提高人民生活水平记录为:
生↗
■ 环境日益恶化记录为:
29 47 41 38 97 49 73 32 45 87 59 67 64 94 28 36 83 29 27 35 62 67 28 14 93 29 74 57 62 86 75 49 73 43 75 93
在口译中,我们常常运用笔记帮助记忆。这是生理和心理两方面的原因:一 方面,人的记忆力是有限的,俗话说“好记性不如烂笔头”,适当地依靠笔记可 以减轻脑记的负担;另一方面,人在紧张的状态下,遗忘的速度要比平时快。但 是,笔记只是一个辅助手段,切不可贪多求全,不可为笔记而笔记。否则,就会 “见树不见林”,忽略了讲话者的中心思想。一般认为,二者的比例应该是“七 分脑记,三分笔记”。
II. Sentence Interpreting 句子口译 Directions: Work in groups of four and interpret the sentences.
Unit 4 note-taking

Use symbols
(P 61). + - < > ≤ ≥ ≈ = ≠ × ∵ ∴
Practice
In-class exercises 5.3 & 5.4 (tourism), 6.5 (health) After-class exercises: 5.5, 6.3, (5.3 )At this October time when Beijing is offering us its charming autumn scenery in the freshest air and clearest weather, the 15th General Assembly Session of the WTO is officially opened here. On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend our sincere welcome to all the guests here and express our warm congratulations on the convening of this session.
For many years, the WTO has made active and effective efforts for the promotion of tourism prosperity and development around the world. The WTO has become a specialized agency of the United Nations. We would like to offer our sincere congratulations. We believe this WTO general assembly session will gibe a major push to the further prosperity and development of tourism in the world. Finally, I wish the 15th … every success.
Unit 2 Memory in interpreting (interpreting skills

Are you a born interpreter?
Ex. 3: Shopping list
Memory in interpreting
Question: What are supposed to be bought?
Memory in interpreting
一、记忆:译员的看家本领
Memory in interpreting
Are you a born interpreter? Ex. Watch carefully the following images forDo not write.
Memory in interpreting
机的中央处理器。 3. 长时记忆(long-term memory),也称永久记忆
(permanent memory) 口译员保存知识的仓库,既包含一般的语言知识和非语言知
识(如百科知识、个人经验等),也包括操作型技能等。
Memory in interpreting
二、记忆:三种类型与功能
口译员的短时记忆依赖环境并有所取舍,其操控、能动作用也因 此得到显现,“短时”能力具体表现在: 1. 听音、辨音、寻义(即完成音义匹配)以期理解源语发出者 意欲表达的意义; 2. 一边用脑实施“短时”信息加工和信息存/取,一边构建语篇 意义或建立命题网络以期完成目的语(或译入语)的构建和产出。
Memory in interpreting
然而“短时”能力或行为的实现又离不开长时记忆的支持。
Memory in interpreting
二、记忆:三种类型与功能
总之,瞬时记忆是口译的基本前提,短时记忆是口译任务赖以实 施的关键,长时记忆是口译任务得以顺利完成的资源保证。
Memory in interpreting
Ex. 3: Shopping list
Memory in interpreting
Question: What are supposed to be bought?
Memory in interpreting
一、记忆:译员的看家本领
Memory in interpreting
Are you a born interpreter? Ex. Watch carefully the following images forDo not write.
Memory in interpreting
机的中央处理器。 3. 长时记忆(long-term memory),也称永久记忆
(permanent memory) 口译员保存知识的仓库,既包含一般的语言知识和非语言知
识(如百科知识、个人经验等),也包括操作型技能等。
Memory in interpreting
二、记忆:三种类型与功能
口译员的短时记忆依赖环境并有所取舍,其操控、能动作用也因 此得到显现,“短时”能力具体表现在: 1. 听音、辨音、寻义(即完成音义匹配)以期理解源语发出者 意欲表达的意义; 2. 一边用脑实施“短时”信息加工和信息存/取,一边构建语篇 意义或建立命题网络以期完成目的语(或译入语)的构建和产出。
Memory in interpreting
然而“短时”能力或行为的实现又离不开长时记忆的支持。
Memory in interpreting
二、记忆:三种类型与功能
总之,瞬时记忆是口译的基本前提,短时记忆是口译任务赖以实 施的关键,长时记忆是口译任务得以顺利完成的资源保证。
Memory in interpreting
Unit 2 Memory in interpreting (interpreting skills)

Are you a born interpreter?
Ex. 3: Shopping list
Memory in interpreting
Question: What are supposed to be bought?
Memory in interpreting
一、记忆:译员的看家本领
Memory in interpreting
3. 推理式信息组合记忆 Rearranging information
Memory in interpreting
3. 推理式信息组合记忆 Rearranging information示例
Memory in interpreting
3. 推理式信息组合记忆 Rearranging information示例
Memory in interpreting
二、记忆:三种类型与功能
1. 瞬时记忆(instant memory),也称感觉记忆(sensory memory或sensory store) 大脑中最短的记忆。 2. 短时记忆(short-term memory) 信息处理的关键环节,在口译记忆中起主导作用,就像计算 机的中央处理器。 3. 长时记忆(g-term memory),也称永久记忆 (permanent memory) 口译员保存知识的仓库,既包含一般的语言知识和非语言知 识(如百科知识、个人经验等),也包括操作型技能等。
Are you a born interpreter?
Ex. 2: Brands
Memory in interpreting
Question: Can you give the names of the brands in that picture?
Unit 4 Note-Taking in Interpreting

Unit 4 Note-Taking in Interpreting
Review of Effort Model
SI=L+M+P+C
CI (Phase I)=L+N+M+C CI (Phase II)=Rem+Read+P
Symbols for Note-Taking
Tips
Example 4
中美两国在世界上 具有很大的影响, 两国人民都希望保 持和发展健康、稳 定的关系。这种关 系有利于亚太地区, 乃至世界其他地区 的和平、稳定和繁 荣。
Both China and the United States exert a considerable influence in the world, and the two peoples wish to maintain and develop healthy and stable ties. Such a relationship is also beneficial to peace, stability and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region and the rest of the world.
2-2
不仅海外华侨和具有中国血统的外国公民的孩子有学习汉 语的动机,而且许多非中国血统的外国人也有学习汉语的 积极性,这一点足以让人惊讶。
Surprisingly enough, not only overseas Chinese and the children of foreign citizens of Chinese origin are motivated to learn Chinese, but also many foreigners of non-Chinese origin are learning Chinese actively.
Review of Effort Model
SI=L+M+P+C
CI (Phase I)=L+N+M+C CI (Phase II)=Rem+Read+P
Symbols for Note-Taking
Tips
Example 4
中美两国在世界上 具有很大的影响, 两国人民都希望保 持和发展健康、稳 定的关系。这种关 系有利于亚太地区, 乃至世界其他地区 的和平、稳定和繁 荣。
Both China and the United States exert a considerable influence in the world, and the two peoples wish to maintain and develop healthy and stable ties. Such a relationship is also beneficial to peace, stability and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region and the rest of the world.
2-2
不仅海外华侨和具有中国血统的外国公民的孩子有学习汉 语的动机,而且许多非中国血统的外国人也有学习汉语的 积极性,这一点足以让人惊讶。
Surprisingly enough, not only overseas Chinese and the children of foreign citizens of Chinese origin are motivated to learn Chinese, but also many foreigners of non-Chinese origin are learning Chinese actively.
实用经贸英语口译Unit (4)

段落视译 Sight Interpretation
1. 以管理规范为基石,以市场拓展为平台, 以产品创新为砥柱,以技术进步为桥梁, 以品质卓越为保障,以现代一流企业的运 作水平为管理目标。
Preparing --Sentences Interpreting B. Chinese to English
3. 新型的企业文化鼓励“张弛有度” 的企业环境。这种张弛结合的理念是 指把严格控管与最大限度的个人权利 相结合从而使企业家的才能得到充分 发挥,同时也避免企业文化陷入混乱。
The new entrepreneurial culture encourages the “loose and tight” environment. The idea is to combine tight controls with maximum individual authority to allow entrepreneurship to flourish without the culture edging into chaos.
Preparing --Skills Presentation
Two Types of Pre-interpreting Preparation
Long-term Preparation Short-term Preparation
What and How to Prepare in the Long Run
Preparing
What Is Corporate Culture?
Corporate culture or organizational culture is an idea in the field of organizational studies and management which describes the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values (personal and cultural values) of an organization.
访谈口译

Unit 4 Interpreting Interviews 访谈口译 4-2-4
I think a massive educational campaign is the only thing conceivable at the moment that can help. Doing nothing about it would be criminal. The only thing you can do is to convince people that they are better off knowing that not knowing.
经营之道 Business Management 4-3-4
The Chinese take time to learn if their prospective(预期的, 未来的) business contacts(接触,关系,熟人) are really reliable, for example, by inviting them to a party and socializing with(交往,esults: 取得预期成果;a prospective client: 可能成为客户的人;be unhappy about the prospective loss 对可能出现的损失感到不快 Leave oneself little time for socializing 给自己留下极少的社 交活动时间; The first government-to-government contact between the two nations,两国政府间首次接触,the contacts at city hall: 在市政厅(府)里的熟人
Unit 4 Interpreting Interviews 访谈口译 4-1-3
实用职英文写作教程Unit 4 Memorandums

这个例子是John Martin 向Elizabeth Green提出的出国访学的日程安排及相关航班 和费用安排的备忘录。
这是一则在同事间送递的备忘录。理查· 布朗将去欧洲做推销旅行。他给总经理助理米歇 尔· 斯密斯写了一份关于日程安排的备忘录。该备忘录叙事简洁明了、条理清晰、语言规 范、措辞得当,显示了发件人良好的职业素养,是一篇很好的备忘录范例。
Memo message
• 备忘录正文部分通常包括:开头(opening)、主体(body)和结尾(closing)。可长可短,可正 式或非正式,但一般不超过两页,可以有附件。正文后面往往没有签名(signature),但个别的 也有签名。 有些大公司或机构会准备有打印好的备忘录纸笺,纸笺上端通常印有公司或机构的名称或标语( Logo)并印有开头部分:To, From, Date 和Subject,在每次写备忘录时只需填入具体内容即可。备 忘录可以是纸质的,也可以是电子版的。 打印或书写备忘录时,通常有两种格式:缩进式和齐头式,前者每段首行缩进,后者每一行顶格 左边对齐。
Useful Sentences
1. Thank you for your attention and cooperation. 感谢您的关注与合作。 2. I should appreciate your understanding and cooperation. 对于您的理解和合作,我深表感激。 3. Please arrange for our agreed applying material ten days before the date of my visit. 请在我拜访 之前十天将申请材料准备好。 4. Could you also please arrange flights and hotel accommodation? 另外,能否请你安排航班和旅 行住宿? 5. I shall be grateful if I can have this as soon as possible. 请尽快安排,谢谢。 6. In general, I felt that the lab needs much new equipment and renovation.总的来说,我觉得实验 室需要很多新设备及升级改造。 7. I would like to inform you that we are in want of a telephone for each dormitory room. 在此想提醒 你们一下,目前我们每个寝室都需要一部固定电话。 8. I hope that great attention will be paid to this request and the people concerned can solve it as soon as possible. 我希望将你们能关注这个请求,也希望有关人员能尽快解决这个问题。 9. All members of staff are reminded that the office is a NO SMOKING AREA and that smoking is restricted to the coffee lounge and smoking area. 所有职员应记住,办公室是无烟区,吸烟请到咖啡 休息室或抽烟区。 10. I want you to know that deviations from these rulings will be hard to sell. 我必须忠告各位,在目 前任何与这项决定相左的意见将不予授受。
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Normal spoken delivery: 120—220 words/min
The more “meaningful” the information, the shorter it takes for it to be committed to memory and the easier it is to remember.
2. Skill Training
2. 口译记忆的常用方法: 记忆的基本手段:声觉记忆、视觉记忆、意义记 忆。 成像法:visualization,即把源语语篇的意义框 架想象成一副图像,或把源语语篇所叙述的情景 还原成思维中的视觉影像。 较易掌握的方法: 有的语篇是以时间顺序为线索的,如发言人回顾 历史、讲述经历时,往往有一个开头、发展、结 尾的顺序;
2. Theoretical Framework
记忆训练的必要性:
Daniel Gile: 交传包括两个阶段: 听取和理解信息阶段以及信息重组阶段
2. Theoretical Framework
第一阶段:听取和理解信息阶段 I=L+M+N I=口译 L=听取并分析源语信息 M=从听到信息到以笔记形式存储信息所需要的短 期记忆 N=笔记 第二阶段:信息重组阶段 I=Rem+Read+P 在这一阶段,译员从短期记忆中提取并解构源语 信息(Rem),读取笔记(Read),然后重新产出译 语信息(P)。
Long segment of information Dense information Proper names Figures unfamiliar Lack of logical links Lack of background knowledge Lack of interest
实用口译
Unit 4
Memory In Interpreting
Outline
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Introduction Theoretical framework Skill training Interpretation Practice Performance Appraisal
1. Introduction
What is the most difficult things to remember in interpreting?
An
Experiment to Check
The most difficult things to remember in interpreting are:
2. Theoretical Framework
2. 记忆的分类: 瞬时记忆 (instant memory), 也称感觉记忆 (sensor memory): 持续时间很短。 短时记忆 (short-term memory), 记忆容量为7+-2个互不关联的信息单位,且始终 处于活跃状态,不需要被激活。 长时记忆 (long-term memory), 也称永久记忆 (permanent memory) 可以长达数日、数月乃至数年,记忆容量几乎是 无限的,但需要被激活。 工作记忆 (Working memory), 是短时记忆与长时 记忆中被激活的部分的结合。
Direction: Listen to the following passages, then retell in your own words in the same language the information you have just heard. Exercise 1:
金福实业有限公司从一个打火机五金塑料作坊起步, 发展成为现在相当规模的实业公司。这个过程的确来之 不易,是经过了十年艰苦努力,不断开拓,广聚人才和 发展原始积累而成。我们近几年新发展的塑料包装瓶盖, 拥有世界最先进的注塑系统及成型模具。我们先进的技 术、舒适洁净的工作环境、科学的管理方法、勇于开拓 进取和至诚待客的精神,受到所有客户的一致好评。在 这里我代表公司全体员工向曾经给予过和即将给予我们 关心和支持的人们表示深深的诚挚的谢意!我们将秉承 一贯以诚待人的经营作风,戒骄戒躁,在愈演愈烈的经 济大潮中与您携手共进。同时,欢迎您择日莅临指导工 作,谢谢!
有的语篇是以逻辑论证为线索的,要么先说观点,再细说理 据1、2、3点,要么先陈述原因,再得出结论。 argument
语篇成像法举例:
中国承担着越来越多与本国国力相符的国际责 任。我国已经兑现对联合国《千年宣言》的承诺,向 120多个发展中国家提供了经济援助,累计免除49个 重债穷国和最不发达国家的债务。我们向发生地震、 海啸等灾害的国家积极捐资捐物,并派遣多支医疗队 和救援队赴当地实施人道救助。中国积极参加联合 国国际维和行动,是安理会常任理事国中派出维和人 员最多的国家,累计向24项联合国维和行动派出上万 人次,中国维和官兵甚至付出了生命的代价。
2. Skill Training
Three ways of training memory 1. Shadow-speaking 2. Retelling in the original language 3. Retelling in the target language
Retelling exercises:
2. Skill Training
comparison (noticing the differences as well as similarities between different things, facts, or events); noticing the time-markers or spatial barometers which often indicate the sequence of an event; description of a scene, or the shape and size of a substance.
2. Skill Training
口译记忆的技巧:
1. 口译记忆的原则 口译过程中经选择后的记忆对象主要包括: 主题词、关键词、逻辑联系,这三者综合起 来就构成了源语语篇的意义框架。 为提高记忆存储的效率,有必要对记忆的信 息进行“条块化”处理。 口译记忆可以借助口译笔记的辅助,从而提 Байду номын сангаас记忆的准确性。
Memory training (1) Encoding, storage and retrieval Psychologists tell us that memory involves encoding, storage and retrieval of information. Forgetting may mean the material was never encoded; it may mean the information was not stored; or it may reflect retrieval difficulties.
———杨洁篪外长第十一届中国发展高层论坛年会演讲
2. Skill Training
发言人每个语段的开头、结尾都应成为记忆 的重点。 1) 开头往往包含了整个语段的主题,结尾往往 是呈现结论、总结的部分 2) 只有记好了开头和结尾,译员才能清楚地把 握好本节口译是从哪里开始说起,说到哪里 为止。
2. Skill Training
2. Skill Training
Memory training: (2) Categorization, generalization and comparison People believe memory can be fortified by consciously resorting to tactics (retrieval cues) such as categorization (grouping items of the same properties, origins, first letters, etc.); generalization (working out some headings to embrace the supportive details);
2. Theoretical Framework
3) 理解记忆及意义记忆—口译“工作记忆”的核 心
译员一定要注意对源语意义的分析、整合,并 有意识地分析讲话者的思路,以便建立起记忆 中各个意义模块之间的联系。
4) 强化口译记忆练习—提高信息的提取速度 记忆中信息检索和提取的速度和可能性取决于 记忆的激活程度,而激活程度又取决于记忆使 用的频率和使用的新近程度。
2. Skill Training
有的语篇是以空间次序为线索的,如发言人介绍景点、说明 构造时,往往遵循由上而下、由里而外的空间次序; spatial barometers
有的语篇是以分类为线索的,由总到分,由大类到小类。 categorization
有的语篇是以对比,比较为线索的,先说相似之处,再说不 同之处;comparison
2. Theoretical Framework
“记词”还是“记意”? 译员运用的主要是意义记忆的方式: 在听辩理解的过程中注意分析并整合发言人语词所 表达的意义,并把它作为记忆存储和提取的对象。 3. 口译记忆的运作方式 1) 听辩理解过程中的“有意识的”筛选---缩小记忆 的量去粗取精,留存有意义的信息。 2) 对记忆的信息进行“条块化”处理---扩大记忆的 容量 言语的记忆主要采取以“命题”为单位的意义储存 的方式。 “以命题为单位的意义模块”可以包括一句话、一 个语段、乃至一个语篇的意思。
the interpreter concentrates on both meaning and the words used
2. Theoretical Framework