(完整)初中语法介词讲解

介词和介词短语介词是虚词，根据意义可分为地点介词、时间介词、方位介词、手段介词和其他介词等。

1表示时间的介词：at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。

2表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等3表示原因，理由的介词：for, as, at, from 等4表示方式的介词：on, in, by, with 等。

常用介词辨析1．表示时间的in, on, at, after1)in 的用法。

用于早晨、下午、傍晚。

In the morning/afternoon/evening用于月、年、季节等。

In March, in 1986, in spring用于一段时间后。

In a week, in a year’s time, in two hours2)on 的用法用于具体某一天。

On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Year’s Day用于描述性的时间。

On a cold night, on a winter day3)at 的用法用于具体的钟点。

At 12 o’clock, at half nine用于固定的搭配。

At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time4)after 表示在一点时间以后。

After twelve o’clock2. 表示的地点的in, on , atinat表示的是点。

in3.1）2）指斜下方。

5101520253035五月六月below underThere will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。

4.表方位的in, on, to.Shanghai is in the east of China.Russia is on the east of China.Japan is to the east of China.5. between, amongBetween指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上。

6. across , over, throughAcross表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over表示从空间通过, through则表示从内部空间穿过。

Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳过湖吗？The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across the desserts, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it reaches the see.7. with, in ,byWith后跟工具, in后跟语言、材料等, by跟某种方式。

I can write with a pen. 我能用笔写。

He wrote the words in red ink.We often go to school by bike./ I learn English by listening to tapes.8. 看似相同，但意义有别的词组。

At school 在上学In front of 在…前边（外部) In class 在课上At the school 在学校In the front of 在…前部（内部）In the class 在这个班In bed 在睡觉In hospital 住院Go to school 去上学In the bed 在床上In the hospital 在医院里Go to the school 去学校At table吃饭by sea 乘船on earth 究竟At the table 在桌前by the sea 在海边on the earth 在地球上用适当的介词填空1)He knows everything ______________ the school.2)He usually goes out for a walk ________ lunch.3)I have lunch _________ half past eleven.4)Please look ________ the blackboard.5.They work ____________8:00 ___________16:00.5)When do they get up _________ the morning?6)Will we go ____________ bus or _________ foot?7.We have learned a lot _________ you.7)The cup was broken _________ her.8)Where are you ________? I’m _________Beijing.9)We are working _________ the people.10)It is time _________ breakfast.11)Class begins _________ nine.12)We come ______________ different parts of America.13)She lives ________ her father.14)She often gets up _________ half past six ________ the morning.15)We stay here _________ six months.16)You are leaving __________ Shanghai.17)He was born ____________ 1986.18)We usually have meetings ___________ Saturday afternoon.19)Beijing is the capital _________ china.20)Have a cup _____________ coffee please.21)Xiao Li was born ___________ March25,1991.I. 介词的种类1. 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across, before, beside, for , to, without, to, by, with, of,over, behind, up, after, against 等。

2. 复合介词，如, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。

3. 介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系(1) 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong to, keep away from, care about等。

(2) 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at(3) 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason for, visit to等.***介词后常跟人称代词的宾格和动词的ing形式。

II. 某些介词的意义与用法区别1. at, on, in(表时间) : at表示时间的一点；in表示一个时期；on表示特殊日子A. at后常接几点几分，天明，中午，日出，日落，开始等。

如：at five o’clock（五点），at daybreak （天亮），at noon （中午）），at midnight （半夜），at the beginning of the month （月初）， at that time （那时），at that moment （那会儿），at this time of day （在一天的这个时候）。

B. in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季节，世纪等。

如：in 2006（2006年），in May，2004 （2004年五月），in the morning （早晨/上午），in the afternoon （下午），in the evening （晚上），in the night （夜晚），in the daytime （白天），in the 21st century （21世纪），in three days （weeks/month）三天（周/个月），in a week （一周），in spring （春季）。

C. on后跟某日，星期几，某日的朝夕，节日等,即具体某一天极其早\中、晚.on Sunday （星期日），on a warm morning in April （四月的一个温暖的上午），on a December night （12月的一个夜晚），on that afternoon （那天下午），on the following night （下一个晚上），on Christmas afternoon （圣诞节下午），on October 1，1949 （1949年10月1日），on New Year’s Day.(特别提示):在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词2. between, among(表位置) “在…..之间”A. between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也可用between, 如I’m sitting between Tom and Alice.B. among用于三者或三者以上之间。

如：He is the best among the students.3. beside, besides, exceptbeside意为"在…旁边"，He sat beside me.besides意为"除…之外", 包括在内。

What do you want besides this?except意为"除…之外", 不包括在内They go to work in a week except Saturday.4. in the tree, on the treein the tree ,指动物或人等外来的东西在树上，on the tree ,指果实或叶子等树本身长出来的东西5. on the way, by the way, in this wayon the way 指在路上, on one’s way to .....by the way 指顺便问一句in this way 用这样的方法, in that way , in other way, in these ways6. by bus, on the busby bus 是一般说法, 固定搭配, on the bus 特指乘某一辆车7. across, through, 和past“通过, 经过”across从表面经过, 如,road, bridge, riverthrough从内部空间经过, 如: city, woods, forests, window, gatepast , 从旁边经过.EX: Fill in the blanks with across or through.1. We have to walk ____________the gate to go into the factory.2. When we went __________the cinema,we saw a traffic accident.3. Look out ___________the window, please.4. Don’t walk__________the ice. It’s dangerous.5. Suddenly, a young man ran __________me.6. If you walk _________the square, you will see the Sunflower Hotel.7. The river goes ______________the city.8. The old man can swim __________the stream.9. I walked _________him without saying hello.10. The army moved _____________the forests quietly.8. on, above, over, “ 在…上”, up,A. on指在某物表面上,有接触点 a book on the tableB. over指在某物垂直上方,无接触点,也可指覆盖在某物上, 与under相对a cloth over the table , a fan over the tableC. above指在某物的上方即可,不一定是垂直上方反义词为below ,The temperature today is above zero.今天气温零度以上.D. up表示在往上的方向反义词down look up to the sky 抬头看天空11. in, after “……以后”A. “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后, 用在将来时态中., 常回答how soon的提问.B.“after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后, 相当于一段时间+ laterMy mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months. = He arrived five minutes later.12. by, with, in , on 表示方式, 手段,工具，A. by 以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具, 或跟V-ing形式.B. with 表示用…工具,C. in 表示用…方式，用…语言(语调、颜色)等D. on 表示通过媒介, on the telephone, on the radio, on TVEg: He learned Japanese by listening to the radio.We Chinese have meals with chopsticks.The novel is written in English.Ex: Fill in the blanks with by,with or in,on1. I sent the message to him _________email.2. The pupils write _________pencils.3. Do you know the meaning of word _______Chinese ?4. The man climbed up to the tree _________a ladder.5. They solved the problem _________ communicating.6. The woman was crying ________a low voice.7. The old man often gets news ______the radio..8. We often cut things _________a knife.9. He improved his writing skill ________keeping diaries.10. My grandpa can sing some songs _______Russian.13. 放在地点之前的介词:at, in, onA. at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近，旁边”B. in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。