汽车实用英语A卷(1)
汽车实用英语试题及答案
汽车实用英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. What is the most common type of vehicle on the road?A. MotorcyclesB. BicyclesC. CarsD. Trucks答案：C2. Which of the following is not a part of a car engine?A. CylinderB. Spark plugsC. Exhaust pipeD. Brake pads答案：D3. What does the abbreviation "ABS" stand for in a car?A. Anti-lock Braking SystemB. Automatic Battery SystemC. Advanced Break SystemD. Automatic Braking System答案：A4. What is the term used for a car that runs on electricity?A. Hybrid carB. Electric carC. Gasoline carD. Diesel car答案：B5. Which of the following is not a type of car insurance?A. CollisionB. ComprehensiveC. LiabilityD. Homeowners答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. The ________ is the part of the car that provides powerfor the wheels.答案：engine2. A ________ is a device that helps to reduce the speed of a vehicle.答案：brake3. The ________ is a safety feature that prevents the wheels from locking up during hard braking.答案：ABS4. An ________ car is one that uses a combination of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor.答案：hybrid5. ________ insurance covers the cost of repairing or replacing your vehicle if it's damaged or stolen.答案：Comprehensive三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
汽修英语A卷
四川大学职业技术学院龙泉校区期末考试试题（2014学年上学期）课程名称：汽车实用英语A卷任课教师：刘卫先印题份数：适用年级专业：注：1. 试题字迹务必清晰，书写工整。
本题共1 页本页为第1 页2. 题间不留空，一般应题卷分开。
龙泉校区试题编号：LQ3. 务必用A4纸打印。
学号：姓名：system.A. intake, closesB. exhaust, closesC. exhaust, opens43、A car engine's job is to ________A. Convert fuel into heatB. Convert fuel into motionC. Convert fuel intoexhaust44、When the crankshaft completes four revolutions for a four-cycle engine, each cylinder will have gone through ___________intake stroke(s).A. oneB. twoC. three45、___________ is the life-blood of the engine.A. gasB. waterC. oil46、What is the core of a car's engine________A. The spark plugB. exhaustC. The cylinder47、What determines the size and the placement of the engine block?A. The number of spark plugsB. The number of pistonsC. The number of cylinders48、In the standard engine, each cylinder has ___________.A. four valvesB. two valvesC. one valve49、A crankshaft's job in an engine is to ______A. Deliver fuel to the cylindersB. Keep cylinder heads in placeC. Change linear motion into rotational motion50、The ___________ system on an internal combustion engine provides the sparkthat ignites the combustible air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.A. startingB. fuelC. igniting（六）翻译题（20分）51、The development of the automobile was accelerated by the intruduction of the internal combustion engine .Probably the first vehicle of this type was the there -wheeled car built in 1885 by the engineer Karl Benz in Germany.52、The evaporator provides several functions. Its primary duty is to remove heat form the inside of your vehicle ,A secondary benefit is dehumidification.本题共2 页本页为第 2 页龙泉校区试题编号：LQ16--01。
汽车实用英语试题-1
I．Translate the following words（20%）1. chassis2. braking system3. speedometer4. instrument panel5. combustion chamber6. cylinder head7.ignition switch 8. automatic transmission9. neutral 10. differential11. 油底壳12. 发动机13. 气缸体14. 离合器15. 节温器16. 电路图17. 防冻剂18. 排放控制19. 减震器20. 液力变矩器II．Fill in the following blanks. (20%)1. In a 4-stroke engine, four strokes of the piston in the cylinder are____________,____________,____________ and ____________stroke.2. The piston rings carried in the ring groove are of two basic types. ____________rings and____________rings.3. The crankshaft changes the up-and-down motion of the connecting rod into____________motion.4. There are five positions in the ignition switch. START, ON, OFF, ____________and____________.5. There are generally two different types of cooling system. ____________ cooling system and____________ cooling system.6. The automotive air conditioner has five basic parts. receiver, expansion valve, evaporator,____________ and____________.7. The purpose of clutch is to permit the driver to or the engine andtransmission.8. The_________and _________must support the vehicle’s weight.9. The small end of the connecting rod is connected to the ____________ and the big end isattached to the ____________.10. Compression ratio compares the total __________ volume to ____________ volume. III．Choose the best answer from the following questions.(20%)1.The part used to change linear motion to rotary motion on the engine is called the____________.A. crankshaftB. pistonC. connecting rodD. cylinder2. Which of the following part connects the piston to the connecting rod __________?A. Cylinder linerB. Expansion pinC. Piston pinD. Connecting pin3. An engine lubricating system is designed to__________A. cool the engineB. clean and seal the engineC. lubricate the engineD. all of the above4. The purpose of the clutch system is to __________.A. start the engineB. engage the crankshaft to the oil pumpC. engage the engine to the transmissionD. reduce the speed of the overdrive5. Which of the following is not a purpose of the cooling system __________?A. Keeping the engine temperature as low as possibleB. Removing excess heat from the engineC. Bring the temperature to operating range as quickly as possibleD. Operating the engine at the best operating temperature for highest efficiency6. The ____________ engine uses air passes over fins to cool the engine.A. liquid-cooledB. air-cooledC. conductionD. radiation7. Which item is used to measure the right amount of engine oil __________?A. speedometerB. tachometerC. dipstickD. oil-control ring8. Which of the following is not a cylinder arrangement way for multi-cylinder automotiveengines ____________?A. Inline enginesB. V-type enginesC. Pancake enginesD. Rotor engines9. Which of the following part is not a component of the piston assembly ____________?A. Piston headB. Piston gearC. Piston skirtD. Piston rings10. Which of the following indicator is not an indicator on the instrument panel ____________?A. fuel gaugeB. speedometerC. tachometerD. kilometer IV．Translate the following sentences in to Chinese. (20%)1.The chassis includes transmission system, suspension system, steering system and brakingsystem.2. The speedometer tells you how many miles (kilometers) per hour your vehicle is moving.3. The camshaft opens and closes the valves. It is driven by the crankshaft.4. The heat created by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron oraluminum cylinder to the water in the water jacket.5. The transmission is connected to the back of the engine; it sends the power from the engine to the drive wheels.V．Answer the following questions briefly according to the reading material. (20%)Most internal combustion engines operate on the four stroke cycle. This type of engine is also known as Otto cycle, after the name of its inventor, Nikolaus Otto. Each cylinder of the four stroke cycle engine has a piston which reciprocates within the cylinder. The power production cycle consists of four strokes of the piston in a reciprocating engine. These four strokes are intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke.The intake stroke, as the piston moves downward to the Bottom Dead Center, a vacuum is created in the cylinder. The intake valve opens and air-fuel mixture enters the cylinder.The compression stroke, the air-fuel mixture is compressed as the piston moves upward. The spark plug is fired to ignite the air-fuel mixture prior to the piston being at the Top Dead Center. Note that both valves are closed.The power stroke, the air-fuel mixture explodes, which forces the piston downward. Note that both valves are closed.The exhaust stroke, as the piston starts to move upward, the exhaust valve is opened. The piston moving up forces the exhaust gases out of the cylinder.This four stroke cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to push the vehicle forward.Questions:1．What are the four strokes of the internal combustion engine?2．What stroke is it when both valves are closed?3．Why is the four-stroke cycle called Otto Cycle?4. What is the TDC?。
汽车专业英语A卷
汽车专业英语课程 期末考试（2012—2013 学年 第 1 学期） 本科□ 专科□√A 卷□√ B 卷□（考试时间 90 分钟）一、单词（英译汉）（本大题共 10 个小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）1. automobile2. brake3.transmission4. piston5. stroke6. diesel7. camshaft8. power train 9. intake valve10. wear二、单词（汉译英）题（本大题共 10 个小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分）1.怠速2.曲轴3.底盘4.扭矩5.弹簧6.飞轮7.离合器8.机油 9.传感器10.线圈三、单项选择题（本大题共 10 个小题，每小题 2 分，共 20 分）（密封线内勿答题）姓名学号学院（系）年级班（密封线内勿答题）1. The four-stroke cycle operates in which order .A. intake, exhaust, power, compressionB. intake, power, compression, exhaustC. intake, compression, power, exhaust2. With the piston at the bottom of the cylinder, the valveto allow the burned exhaust gas to be expelled to the exhaust system.A. intake, closesB. exhaust, closesC. exhaust, opens3. A car engine's job is toA. Convert fuel into heatB. Convert fuel into motionC. Convert fuel into exhaust4. When the crankshaft completes four revolutions for a four-cycle engine, each cylinder will have gone through intake stroke(s).A. oneB. twoC. three5. is the life-blood of the engine.A. gasB. waterC. oil6. What is the core of a car's engineA. The spark plugB. exhaustC. The cylinder7. What determines the size and the placement of the engine block?A. The number of spark plugsB. The number of pistonsC. The number of cylinders8. In the standard engine, each cylinder has .A. four valvesB. two valvesC. one valve9. A crankshaft's job in an engine is toA. Change linear motion into rotational motionB. Keep cylinder heads in placeC. Deliver fuel to the cylinders10. The system on an internal combustion engine provides the spark that ignites the combustible air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.A. ignitingB. fuelC. starting四、阅读与理解（本大题共 2 个小题，每题 2 分，共 10 分）The actions taking place in the engine cylinder can be divided into four stages, or stroke. “Stroke” refers to piston movement; a stroke occurs when thepiston moves from one limiting position to the other. The upper limit of piston movement is called TDC (top dead center). The lower limit of piston movement is called BDC (bottom dead center). A stroke is piston movement from TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion.Where the entire cycle of events in the cylinder requires four strokes (or two crankshaft revolutions), the engines is called a four-stroke-cycle engine, or a four-cycle engine. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power, and exhaust.1. What do we see from the paragraphs? ( )A. What is engine?B. What is stroke?C. What is cylinder?2. Which one Statement is true according the above first paragraph? ( )A. The lower limit of piston movement is called TDC (top dead center).B. A stroke is not piston movement from TDC to BDC, but from BDC to TDC.C. A four-stroke-cycle engine means that four strokes is required when it finish the whole cycle.3. What is BDC in the term of automobile industry? ( )A. Bottom dead center.B. Top dead center.C. Neither of A and B.（密封线内勿答题）姓名学号学院（系）年级 班（密封线内勿答题）4. Which one Statement is TRUE according the last paragraph? ( )A. The four strokes occur in four crankshaft revolutions.B. The four strokes occur in two crankshaft revolutions.C. The four strokes occur in one crankshaft revolutions.5. Which one Statement is TURE according the article? ( )A. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power, and exhaust.B. The four piston strokes are intake, compression, power, and inhauls.C. The four piston strokes are intake, combining, power, and exhaust.五、看图填空题（本大题共 1 个小题，每空 1 分，共 10 分）得分评阅人分别写出以上4 副图分别代表发动机哪个冲程？（从左至右分别为图A、图B、图C、图D）A——B——C——D——On the first stroke the piston is pulled down in the cylinder by the crankshaft and connecting rod. During this time the intake valve is held。
汽车专业英语(A卷)
班级： 姓名： 学号：一、Translate the following phrases int Chinese or English （每题2分）1、往复式发动机 reciprocating engine2、 空调装置 air conditioning device3、valve train 气门机构 4 、distributorcontact point 分电器触点5、自动变速器 automatic transmission6、盘式制动器 the disk brake7、suspension system 悬架系统 8、steering arm 转向臂9、机油滤清器 oil filter 10、侧气囊 side airbag二、Fill in the blanks with the suitable words or phrases given below,changing the form where necessary.（每题2分）1、 A diesel engine compresses its cylinder air on its compression stroke before any fuel enters the cylinder.2、 The internal combustion engine is the one most commonly used in the automotive field.3、 According to the fuel energy used,the internal combustion engines are also divided into gasoline engines,and diesel engines .4、 The piston converts the potential energy of the fuel into the kinetic energy.In a reciprocating engine, a diesel engine, convert ... into, electric motor, diesel engine, four-stroke cycle,internal combustion engine,engine班级：姓名：学号：5、The power production cycle consists of four strokes of the position in a reciprocating engine .6、The engine is generally considered the "heart" of an automobile.7、This four-stroke cycle of piston within the cylinder is repeated time and again to push the vehicle forward.8、There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors ,steam engines,and internal combustion engines.三、Match the following English phrases in Column A equivalents in ColumnB.（每题2分）A B1.Transmiss ion B2.Parking D3.Start A4.Battery E5.Braking C A.To set into motion,operation,or activityB.An automotive assembly of gears by which power is transmitted from the engine to a driving axleC.To reduce the speed of with or as if with a brakeD.To put or leave (a vehicle) for a time in a certain locationE.A single cell,such as a dry cell,that produces an electric current四、Translate the Chinese given in the brackets into English.（每题2分）1、The tappets are to transmit the force from the camshaft to the班级：姓名：学号：pushrods (把凸轮轴的力传递倒推杆上).2、 The intake valves heat less during operation (进气门在发动机运转中产生的热量较少),since they are cooled by the incoming air or fuel-air mixture on the intake stroke.3、 The valve spring provides the force necessary to close the valve (汽门弹簧产生用来关闭气门的弹力) and hold it tightly against its seat.4、To keep the engine in good working trim, the valve train should undergo regular maintenance (配气机构应该进行定期保养).5、The more cylinders an engine has, the more power strokes produced for each revolution (每转的做功形成就越长).五、Translate the following brands into corresponding Chinese.（每题2分）1、ROLLS ROYCE 劳斯莱斯2、BUICK 别克3、Cadillac 凯迪拉克4、Jaguar 捷豹Mustang 野马 6、Ford 福特 7、SKODA 斯柯达六、Translate the abbreviations into corresponding Chinese terms.(10分)1、TDC 上止点2、DOHC 双凸轮轴顶置3、OHV 顶置气门4、VVL 可变气门升程班级：姓名：学号：5、EIS 电子点火系统七、Translate the English to Chinese.(20 分)The power train serves two functions:it transmits power from the engine to the drive wheels,and it varies the amount of torque.The power train includes:1 engine:that produces power,2 transmission:either manual or automatic;3 clutch:used only on manual transmission,or torque converter:used only on automatic transmission;4 drive shaft:that transmits the power from transmission to differential;5 differential:that carries the power to the two wheel axles.传动系有两个作用：一、它把发动机的动力传给驱动轮，二、改变扭矩。
《汽车实用英语》第一单元到第八单元课文习题答案
课程：学年第_ _学期第周月日教学内容备注Unit 1 Development of the AutomobileSection I T alking Face to FaceThe topic area of Talking Face to Face in this unit is to recommend goods or products. The focusis therefore on the patterns that are proper in making and answering inquiries, esp. those about cars orhome appliance.Explanation of difficult expressions:1.at the 4s Store: 4s店是一种以“四位一体”为核心的汽车特许经营模式，包括整车销售（sale）、零配件销售（spare parts）、售后服务（service）、信息反馈（survey）等。
2.Is it for personal or business use? 是私用还是商用？3.With pleasure. Why not go to the showroom? I’ll show you around. We have many models displayed.很乐意。
我们到展厅去好吗？我可以带你看一看，那儿陈列有我们很多车型。
Why not do …? 表示建议某人去做某事。
show sb around 带某人参观display vt. 陈列、展览4.I think there is one type that suits you. 我想总有一款适合你。
5.Sir, how about this one? This car has excellent safety features, like the dual air bags and ABS brakes.Compared to the old types, this type has got improved in exterior design and tint. It offers high levelof comfort and eye-catching styling. And some optional equipment is also offered. 先生，这辆怎么样？这辆车的安全性能是一流的，有两个安全气囊和ABS刹车。
汽修专业英语A卷答案
汽车专业英语1《汽修专业英语》课期末考试试卷A卷答案一、Choose the best answer from the following choices according to the text（每题2分）1.A 2 .C 3 .A 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.D二、Translate the following into Chinese（每题5分）1、气门驱动机构2、排气歧管垫3、气门挺杆4、刹车灯开关信号5、自诊断系统6、车轮速度传感器7、防抱死系统8、起动系统电路9、行李相盖10、转向臂11、冷却系统12、节温器13、散热器盖14、火花塞15、电瓶三、Translate the following into English（每题5分）1、Cylinder head bolt2、Piston ring3、Throttle Position Sensor4、Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor5、Airflow Sensor6、Oil filter7、Drive system8、Steering wheel9、differential 10、ignition coil 11、Water pump 12、Atmospheric Pressure Sensor 13、Air Condition Compressor 14、security indicator 15、control module四、Translate the following sentences into Chinese(每题5分)1、制动系统的作用是控制车安全停下，对防止车辆意外损伤、人身伤亡和死亡是绝对必要的。
2、排气系统中的氧传感器能够不断地给控制模块提供反馈信息使其进行闭环控制，从而调节混合气浓度使催化转化器在最佳条件下工作。
3、防盗报警系统是车辆的一种保护系统。
07级汽车专业英语试卷A
一、V ocabulary and Phrase（15道小题，每小题1分，共15分）1.Chassis:底盘2.Crankshaft:3.Diesel:柴油机4.Clutch:离合器5.Differential Gear:差速器6.Coil Spring:7.BDC:8.Engine Block:9.Camshaft:凸轮轴10.Planet Carrier:11.Drum Brake:鼓式制动器12.Dash Panel:13.Steering System:14.Rack-and-Pinion:15.Shock Absorber:二、Translate the following sentences into Chinese（11道小题，每小题5分，共55分）1.An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows,doors, a hood and a trunk deck built into it.2. A power train can include a clutch for manual transmission or a torque converter for automatic transmission, a transmission, a drive shaft,fianl drive and differential gears and driving axles.3. Cylinder sleeves are used in engine blocks to provide a hard wearing material for pistongs and piston rings.4. The connecting rod is made of forged high-strength steel, it transmits force and motion from the piston to the crankpin on the crankshaft.5. The time at which valves open and close ( valve timing ) and the duration of valve openging is stated in degrees of crankshaft rotation.6. Some form of cooling must be provided to take away the heat from the cylinder and working parts of an engine, the heat comes from combustion of the fuel and from friction between rubbing parts.7. The system that carries exhaust gasese from the combustion chamber to the rear of the car is called the exhaust system.8. The force are produced by the conversion in the IC engine of the chemical energy in liquid fuels into the energy of motion.9. Cars need a device that makes better use of engine power and torque, the transmission is this device.10.Abraking system consists of an energy-supplying device, acontrol device, a transmission devcie and the brake.11. The steering converts the steering-wheel rotary motion into a turn motion of the steered wheels of the vehicle.三、Translate the following paragraph into Chinese（3道小题，每小题10分，共30分）1.The automobile engine is an internal combustion engine which converts the heat energy of fuel into mechanical energy to make the car move. In the internal combustion engine, combustible mixture is compressed and then burned inside the engine cylinders. The burning of air-fuel mixture produces high pressure which forces piston to move downward. The movement is transmitted to the crankshaft by the connecting rod. The crankshaft is made to rotate then2.A sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment. The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods. A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof. There are soft-top versions of the same body design except for having 2 doors, and these are commonly referred to as convertibles.3.The ring and pinion gears are used to transfer the engine power from the drive shaft to the rear wheels. In addition to transferring power, the ring and pinion must cause the power to make a 90°turn between the drive shaft and wheels.The ring and pinion must also provide the correct axle ratio. The pinion is the smaller driving gear; the ring is always the larger driven gear...。
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汽车实用英语（一）A卷一、词汇题 (根据单词后的中文意思填1个字母补全单词，每空0.5分，共5分）1．Heavy commer ial vehicle重型商务车2．Gear ra io 传动比3. engine bl ck 发动机汽缸体4．Electri al system 电气系统5．Sta ting motor 启动电动机6. ste ring box 转向器7. Torsional vibration bala cer 扭转振动平衡器8．Vacu m booster 真空助力器9．Ignition co l 点火线圈10．Therm stat 节温器二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1．Swept volume: the volume TDC BDC.2. The chassis includes the power train、、and systems.3. Engine capacity: this is the of all the cylinders.4．The operating strokes of a four-stroke cycle engine are Induction stroke, stroke, Power stroke, stroke.5.Automatic Transmission (AT) have three basic systems: a , a gear system and .6. The Planetary gear system has three parts: the sun gear, and carrier, and the internal gear or7. Three types of braking system are Service braking system, , Additional retarding braking system.8. Three systems that control the passenger comfort are: ,And Systems.9. The Suspension system has two subsystems- and .10.There are two main types of sleeves: and .三、填空题（将以下零部件词汇填在图中序号对应的空格中，每空0.5分，共 5.5分）Exhaust valve、camshaft、distributor、air filter、oil pan、crankshaft、ignition switch、intake valve、battery、connecting rod、piston(1) (2)(3) (4)(5) (6)(7) (8)(9) (10)(11)四、词语翻译题（英译汉，每空2分，共22分）1．SUV：2. Shock absorber：3．Piston pin：4．EVC：5．Excess-air factor：6．MPI：7．Brake pressure regulating valve：8．AFS9. Toe-in：10. Kingpin angle：11. Camber：五、完形填空题（每空0.5分，共7分）1.There are two types of engine: (also called a spark-ignition engine) and (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called engines.2.To start the engine, the driver must depress the , This the transmission from the engine.To move the car, the driver must reengage the transmission to the . However, the engagement of the parts must be .gradual, disengage, clutch pedal, engine3. When a vehicle is cornered the inner wheel moves through a shorter distance than the outer wheel. This means that the inner wheel must and the outer wheel mustSpeed up, slow down4.The Service braking system is normally -operated, while the parking braking systemis - operated.5．There are three basic types of springs in automobile Suspensions--Coil Springs, , and .6. There are two basic types of tires: inner tube tire and .六、阅读理解题（请认真阅读以下短文，结合短文内容给文后的问答题选择正确的答案。
每空1.5分，共7.5分）The steering converts the steering-wheel rotary motion into a turn motion of the steered wheels of the vehicle. The steering gear of steering box is the heart of the steering system. A shaft extends from the back of the steering gear. This shaft is connected to the steering column or steering shaft. The steering wheel is at the top of the steering column. Another shaft comes from the bottom of the steering gear. This shaft connects to the steering arm, drop arm, track rod, and drag link.When a driver drives a car straight down the road, the steering gear is centered. The gear holds the linkage centered so that the wheels and tires point straight ahead. When the driver turns the steering wheel, the steering shaft rotates and the steering gear moves toward that side. The steering knuckle, spindle, wheels, and tires turn to one side, causing the car to turn.Most heavy commercial vehicles use the recirculating ball type of steering gear. This steering gear is durable, with good steering response and good road feel for the driver.1．In the following sentences, which one is not．．． true about the steering system? （）A. the steering converts rotary motion of steering-wheel into a turn motion of the steered wheels.B. the steering converts the linear motion into rotary motionC. the steering gear is the heart of the steering systemD. the steering wheel is at the top of the steering shaft2. List the basic parts of the steering system.3. When a driver drives a car straight down the road, the steering gear is centered. Is this true?( )4. When the driver rotates the steering shaft, the steering gear moves toward that side as well. Thesteering knuckle, spindle, wheels, and tires turn to one side, causing the car to turn. Is this true?( )5.What are the advantages of the recirculating ball type of steering gear?七、英译汉（每空5分，共25分）1. A vehicle with a manual transmission uses a clutch to engage and disengage the engine from the power train. Engine torque is transmitted through the clutch to the transmission or transaxle.2. All vehicles must be fitted with at least 2 independent systems. They were once called the service brake and the emergency brake. Now they are usually referred to as the foot brake and the park brake. Most light vehicles use a foot brake that operates through a hydraulic system on all wheels and a hand operated brake that acts mechanically on the rear wheels only.3．The In-line Pump Fuel Injection system supplies fuel to the diesel engine. The fuel flow from the fuel tank to the feed pump and from there through the fuel filter to fuel-injection pump.4．Valves in modern car engines are located in the cylinder head at the top of the engine. This is known as an overhead valve(OHV) configuration.5．The Planetary gear system works on the following principles: with one part held stationary, torque and power can be applied to a second member to make a third member rotate. In other words, with one of the three members held stationary, torque is applied to either of the other two members and output torque is delivered from the third member.八、汉译英（请将以下中文内容翻译为对应的英文。