词义辨析(一)
高考语文同义词运用辨析练习(一)含答案

高考语文同义词运用辨析练习(一)含答案1、(北京)在文中横线处填入下列词语,正确的一项是()菜籽油含有亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸等三种人体________的脂肪酸,还有油酸。
籽油能______胆固醇在小肠的吸收,还能促进肝内胆固醇的降解和排出,因此,对______心血管病的发生有一定作用。
A.必须抑止防治 B.必须抑制防止C. 必需抑止防治D.必需抑制防止2、(重庆)依次填入下边一段文字横线处的关联词语,衔接最恰当的一组是()当你还是一棵幼苗的时候,别人不容易在远处看到你。
_______他们从你身边走过____站在你身边,也可能视而不见,__________你还不引人注目。
而______你长成一株大树,哪怕在很远的地方,别人也会看到你,并且欣赏你。
A. 虽然甚至因为如果B. 虽然或者除非只有C. 即使或者除非只有D. 即使甚至因为如果3、(天津)3.下列各句横线处应填入的词语,最恰当的一组是()(1)比起秋天的枫林来,夏天的枫林没有那么撩人的红韵,但那生机盎然的绿,着的却是一股青春的朝气。
(2)自得其乐的游戏,使动物紧张的自然竞争生活得到某种和补偿,使它们在生理上、心理上容易保持平衡。
(3)我们相隔的不是几小时的车程,而是一整块大陆,就像歌里所唱的,用我的晚安陪你吃早餐,但是也隔不断彼此的思念A.萌动调剂地久天长B.涌动调节地久天长C.萌动调节山长水远D.涌动调剂山长水远4、(江苏)在下面一段话空缺处依次填入成语,最恰当的一组是(3 分) ()笔名满天下而原名湮没无闻者,事实上等于。
人家给咱们介绍一位沈雁冰先生,不如介绍茅盾来得响亮;介绍一位谢婉莹女士,不如介绍冰心来得。
等到自己也肯公然承认名叫茅盾或冰心的时候,仍不失为行不更名、坐不改姓的好汉。
千秋万岁后,非但真假难辨,而且。
A. 改名换姓大名鼎鼎弄巧成拙B. 移花接木如雷贯耳弄巧成拙C. 改名换姓如雷贯耳弄假成真D. 移花接木大名鼎鼎弄假成真5、(湖北)依次填入下列横线处的词语,最恰当的是()说到底,世上风景闲流水,端的还是要人慢下来。
词汇词义辨析技巧与练习题

词汇词义辨析技巧与练习题词汇是语言表达的基础,准确理解和运用词汇的正确意义对于语言学习至关重要。
在学习过程中,我们经常会遇到一些词义相似、用法相近,但含义稍有差异或者用法有所区别的词汇。
因此,我们需要掌握一些词汇词义辨析的技巧,以避免在写作或者口语表达中产生误解或不准确的表达。
本文将介绍一些常见的词汇辨析技巧,并提供相应的练习题,以帮助读者加深对词汇的理解和运用。
一、近义词的辨析1. Primarily vs. Mainly这两个词都可以表示“主要地”,然而在用法上有些微妙的区别。
Primarily更偏向于表示“根本上”或“首要的”,而mainly则更注重表示“大部分”或“最重要的”。
例如:- The company's success is primarily due to its dedicated employees.(这家公司的成功主要归功于其敬业的员工。
)- The conference mainly focuses on new innovations in the field of technology.(这次会议主要关注的是科技领域的新创新。
)2. Accept vs. ExceptAccept表示“接受”,而except表示“除了……之外”。
尽管两者的发音很相似,但含义差异巨大。
例如:- I gladly accepted the job offer.(我欣然接受了这份工作的邀请。
)- Everyone is present except John.(除了约翰,大家都到齐了。
)3. Affect vs. Effect这两个词非常容易让人混淆。
Affect是一个动词,表示“影响”,而effect是一个名词,表示“结果”或“效果”。
例如:- The rainy weather affected our plans for a picnic.(下雨的天气影响了我们的野餐计划。
词语辨析词义辨析总结大全

词语辨析词义辨析总结大全在汉语中,有许多词语的意思非常相似,容易引起混淆。
为了帮助大家更好地理解和运用这些词语,本文将对常见的词义进行辨析总结。
以下是详细内容:1. 常见词义的辨析(1)适应与适合适应指一个人或物因环境的变化而变得适宜,能够适应新的情况;适合指符合、适宜于某种具体目的或条件。
例如:他在新环境中很快适应了。
这双鞋很适合这条裙子。
(2)探究与研究探究指发现新事物、新道理等,多用于深入探索未知领域;而研究侧重于对已有知识进行系统的学习和分析。
例如:她对这个问题进行了深入的探究。
这个专家一直致力于研究新药的开发。
(3)发展与进步发展指事物从简单到复杂、从低级到高级的逐渐变化和演变;进步指事物在质量、水平等方面的积极向前发展。
例如:这个村庄在经济上取得了很大的发展。
他在学业上有很大的进步。
(4)平等与公平平等指人与人在权利和地位上一样,没有差别;公平指按照一定的标准公正地对待每个人或事物。
例如:每个人都应该享有平等的机会。
这个裁判对待每个队伍都非常公平。
(5)观点与立场观点指对问题的看法、认识或主张;立场指对问题的基本态度或对某一方面的选择。
例如:他的观点是值得考虑的。
父母在子女教育问题上有不同的立场。
(6)抱怨与批评抱怨指对某一事物或情况表示不满,常带有情绪色彩;批评指对某一行为或观点进行评判,是一种客观的评价。
例如:他对食堂的饭菜常常抱怨。
老师对学生的表现进行了批评。
(7)积极与进取积极指对工作、学习等充满热情和主动性;进取指积极主动、敢于开拓进取。
例如:他在工作中总是保持积极的态度。
他是一个勇于进取的年轻人。
2. 词义辨析总结本文对一些常见词义进行了辨析总结,目的是帮助读者更准确地理解和使用这些词语,并避免混淆。
词义的准确运用对于语言表达的清晰和有效十分重要,希望本文能为读者带来帮助。
词义辨析

词义辨析1、beat, win, conquer, defeat, overcome这组词均有“获胜,征服,击败”之意。
beat 指在战争、竞赛或其他方面最终彻底战胜对方,对象可以是人,也可以是物。
win 指在竞赛或战斗中击败对方,其对象一般应是物,如battle, race, victory等。
conquer 既可指靠武力或精神道方面的力量使对方屈服,又可指在排除障碍和阻力后取得胜利。
defeat 意为“击败”,强调的是暂时的胜利。
overcome 既可指在战斗和竞赛中战胜对方,也可指在感情、习惯等方面压倒,胜过。
如:We can easily beat you at baseball. 打垒球我们可以轻易地击败你们。
The Chinese team won in the end. 最后中国队赢了。
The Normans conquered England in 1066. 1066年,诺曼底人征服了英格兰。
He defeated his opponents in this election. 在这次竞选中,他击败了对手。
He made efforts to overcome every difficulty. 他努力克服每一个困难。
2、award, reward这组词均含有“授予,给予”的意思。
award 意为“授予,给予”,通常指官方或法院根据规定把钱财等奖给或判给某人。
reward 意为“酬劳,奖赏”,通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到的报答或酬谢。
如:He was awarded a medal for his outstanding contribution to science. 由于对科学作出了杰出贡献,他被授予一枚奖章。
He rewarded me with 30 dollars for taking him to the airport. 我把他送到机场,他给了我30美元作酬金。
近义词辨析 (1)

③为了尽快扭转连年亏损的局面,厂党委决定________精
通业务、有决策能力的退休科技人员。
④ 他们学习了有关教育改革的文件,决心统筹安排,因地
制宜,_____推进农村综合教育改革。
A 反映 截至 起用 逐步 B反映 截止 启用 逐渐
C 反应 截止 启用 逐渐 D反应 截至 起用 逐步
教学小结
近义词的辨析方法很多,也并不是一组近义词只能用 一种方法来分辨。在辨析中,我们往往综合运用各种方法 来从不同角度来分析。但无论如何,我们要选准答案,首 先要做的是理解所选词的具体意义,其次是对上下文的内 容要有清晰的了解,在此基础上把所选词与具体语境联系 起来思考,看二者是否协调一致,具体来说,要注意以下 几点:1. 分析结构,看搭配关系。
2. 体会词义,看句意协调
3. 把握色彩,看风格一致
一、从词义方面辨析
2.词义的轻重不同 : 例:轻视、藐视、蔑视、鄙视
轻视,看轻,一般程度。 藐视,小看,程度重些。 蔑视,轻蔑唾弃地看,较重。 鄙视,把对方看得十分低劣,更重。
一、从词义方面辨析
3.词义范围不同 例:边界、边境、边疆
边界:指两地或两国之间的界线。 边境:靠近边界的狭长地带。 边疆:远离中心的地方,靠近国界的 领土,范围大。
A.化装 化妆 接合 结合
B. 化装 化妆 结合 接合
C.化妆 化装 接合 结合
D. 化妆 化装 结合 接合
课堂练习
D 2、填入各句横线处的词语,恰当的一组是
①母亲几次挑起话头,想和女儿谈谈,但女儿的________
却很冷淡。
②全省副厅级干部公开招聘考试已开始接受报名,
4
月底 ,已经有212人报名。
二、从色彩方面辨析
词义的辨析

词语的辨析和使用(一)近义词和反义词的认识,同义词和近义词的辨析与运用(词语的意义,试用对象和所指范围词语的感情色彩词语的语体色彩词义的轻重程度)(二)词语的感情色彩(三)词语的语体色彩(四)词义的轻重程度(五)词语的恰当搭配和组合(一)近义词和反义词1.近义词的定义:近义词是词汇意义相同或相近的词语。
近义词的近义词是:同义词常见近义词:“美好”和“美妙”、“懒惰”和“怠惰”.“枯萎”与“干枯”“宽敞”与“宽阔”。
“朴素——简朴尊重——敬重著名——闻名特殊——特别坚强——顽强担任——担当简单——简洁清楚——清晰饮——喝与——和憨厚(忠厚、老实)神秘(神奇、奇怪)保存(储存积存)赞美(赞扬歌颂)透明(透亮晶莹)宛如(犹如好像)一般(一样普通)映衬(衬托)神往(向往)越发(更加)雄伟(雄壮)纯净(纯洁)壮丽(壮美)明洁(明净)装点(装饰)嘱咐(叮嘱)奉献(贡献)回归(回来)2.反义词的定义:和词语意义相反的是“反义词”。
常见反义词举例:真-假动-静拥护-反对春-秋黑-白高山-平地朴素——奢华特殊——一般激动——平静蔑视——重视传统——现代亲近——疏远紧张——轻松坚强——软弱清楚——模糊炎热——寒冷欢喜——难过宽阔——狭窄避暑——取暖谦虚―骄傲快乐―伤心宽阔―狭窄强健―软弱清澈―浑浊明白―糊涂茂密―稀疏伸出―缩回成功―失败寒冷―温暖愤怒―高兴灵活―笨拙朋友―敌人温柔―粗暴理解(误解)强烈(微弱)整体(部分)茁壮(瘦弱)、奉献(索取)得意(失意)吸引(排斥)纯净(污浊)迷惑(清醒)可爱(可憎)生机勃勃(死气沉沉)聚精会神(心不在焉)兴高采烈(无精打采)在括号里填上加粗词的反义词,将句子补充完整。
(1)懒惰的结果是痛苦,()的结果是()。
(2)宁为玉碎,不为瓦()(3)(3)富家一席酒,( )半年粮。
(4)自私的人事渺小的,()的人是()。
(5)宁可站着死,也不跪着()。
(6)我们在学习中善于思考,努力使复杂的东西()化,()的东西具体化。
词义辨析

词义辨析questionable, doubtful, ambiguous, uncertain这些形容词均含“怀疑的,不确定的”之意。
questionable: 通常指怀疑某行为是否恰当,或指有根有据的怀疑。
doubtful: 指对某个问题持积极怀疑的,有疑问的态度,强调缺乏确信。
ambiguous: 指因缺乏明确感或因为有各种不同的解释而值得怀疑。
uncertain: 多指因缺乏证据或了解而捉摸不定,也指因不能预料而不能作出选择。
vague, dim, indefinite, obscure, ambiguous, faint这些形容词均含“不明确的,模糊的”之意。
vague: 多指因语言不确切,太笼统或因构思含糊、不完善而造成模糊难解。
dim: 侧重指或因光线暗淡,或因年代久远、身体欠佳等因素而产生视觉或察觉方面的困难。
indefinite: 指无明确定义或限定,重点或总体轮廓不明确。
obscure: 语气最强,指晦涩难懂。
ambiguous: 指文章或讲话中,意思可能有多种理解,令人捉摸不定。
faint: 指对某事物印象不深,或指声音微弱或希望的渺茫等。
compose, comprise, consist, constitute这些动词均含“组成,构成”之意。
compose: 正式用词,多用被动态。
指将两个或两个以上的人或物放到一起形成一个整体。
comprise: 正式用词,指整体是由几个独立的部分所组成。
consist: 与of连用,指一个整体由几个部分组成,或由某些材料构成。
constitute: 正式用词,指由某些部分组成一个整体或构成某物的基本成分。
在句中,主语表事物的组成部分,宾语表示事物的整体。
delegate, deputy, representative, agent, substitute这些名词有“代表、代理人”之意。
delegate: 指一般被派参加某一会议的代表。
名词词义辨析及练习(100题 含答案解析)初中英语专题练习 (1)

名词辨析(100题含答案解析)初中英语专题练习名词词义辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes 统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数;cloth指布,为不可数名词,clothing是服装的总称。
2. incident, accidentincident 指小事件,;accident 指不幸的事故。
例:He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount of 后接不可数名词;a number of 后接可数名词例:amount of money;a number of students4. family, house, homehome指家,包括住处和家人,house 房子,住宅,family 家庭成员。
例:My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各种各样的声音,voice 指人的嗓音,noise指噪音。
例:I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto 用照相机拍摄的照片;picture可指相片,图片,影片;drawing指画的画,主要是素描。
例:Let's go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary 指词汇,一个人拥有的单词量;word 指具体的单词。
例:He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation 指人口,人数;people 指具体的人。
例:China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather指一天内具体的天气状况;climate指长期的气候状况。
例:The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad指具体的公路,马路;street指街道;path指小路,小径;way 指道路,途径例:take this road; in the streetShow me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse 课程(可包括多门科目),subject 科目(具体的学科)例:a summer course12. custom, habitcustom指传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接 to do;habit指生活习惯,后接of doing.例:I've got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接 of sth./doing sth;reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接 for sth./doing sth.例:the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动,锻炼(不可数);exercises练习,操类运动(可数);practice(反复做的)练习。
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A. some time, some times, sometime, sometimes1. ____________ I go to school on foot.2. We’ll meet again _____________ next week.3. Lenin stayed in London for ______________.4. David has been to the museum _____________.5. We visited the small town _____________ last year and stayed there for ___________.B. little, a little, few, a few1. Say, what’s the name of that ___________ red flower?2. I didn’t have a good time at the party; for I knew __________ of them.3. She was very hungry. She had eaten ____________ or not bread.4. Won’t you come in and have _____________ coke?5. During his stay in Paris, he made quite ___________ friends.6. I’m glad that I can speak ____________ English.7. I happened to know lots of ways and I told them _____________.8. Is there any? Yes, there is ___________.9. This maths problem is very difficult; only ___________ understand it.10. I’m sorry I did ____________ for you.11. In fact, she is ____________ taller than her elder sister.12. I have very ____________ coins about me.13. Alice has an apple in her hand and she wants ____________ more.14. Mary has ___________ friends except you.15. The assistant slept too _____________. He fell ill.C. talk, speak, tell, say1. How many languages does the old man _____________?2. Bob is a Nethead; he often ____________ about his net surfing for hours.3. I’m sorry. I can’t _____________ where she lives, either.4. Have you done it? _____________ me the truth.5. What did you _____________ him to ___________at the party?6. Please _____________ me the address of your school.7. The radio _____________ that there might be a storm in two or three days.8. Jane ______________ a little louder so that everybody in the meeting room could hear her.9. He _____________ me not to use his Discman.10. She didn’t know how to ________________ good morning in French.11. What did Mrs. Winter ______________ about Hob’s school work?12. The baby is too young to _____________.13. ______________ it in French, will you?14. It is ______________ that Miss Thompson married a man of forty last year.15. We have been _______________ that Mr. Green will teach us for two years.D. look (at), see, watch, read1. Just _____________ straight ahead and you’ll _____________ a huge bridge.2. The detective ______________ a well-dressed lady often appear at noon in the supermarket.3. He wanted very much to ______________ her his story.4. The chemistry teacher was filling a cup with something like water and said to us, “ ____________ me!”5. “When you pronounce /u:/, you should round your lips like that. _____________ my mouth!”6. _____________ the map and you will know how to get to the public library.7. Sam ______________ me and turned away at once.8. ____________ the picture. What do you ___________ in it?9. Karl Marx ___________ Shakespeare, to help his English.10. Will you ___________ my clothes while I am swimming?11. ___________ to ____________ whether the lights are green before you cross the street.12. Don’t ___________ in the sun. It’s b ad for your eyes.E. join, take part in, attend, take1. Bob didn’t ______________ school yesterday.2. It’s three months since John ______________ the football team.3. Look, they are playing basketball. Let’s _____________ them.4. The Swiss didn’t ____________ the two World Wars.5. Billy got up early that morning. He had to _____________ exams.6. They all _______________ in the discussion that day.7. Will you ______________ me in a walk?8. She _____________ the physics contest next Sunday.F. other, others, the other, the others.1. Xu Hu is always ready to help _______________.2. Wendy’s composition is better than ______________. In fact, it is the best.3. He has a cake in one hand and a knife in ______________.4. Flora sings better than any ____________ girl in her class.5. This clock has three hands. One is short and ____________ two are long.6. Some are playing cards and ____________ are talking.7. Some of them are still staying and _____________ have gone.8. Only one is red; ____________ are blue.9. Please give them out to ______________ people.10. The nurse had a boy baby in one arm and a girl baby in her ___________ arm.G. buy, pay, spend, cost1. The dictionary ______________ me 36 dollars.2. Jack ______________ the second-hand VCD player for 25 dollars.3. Mrs. Green ______________ the girl 30 cents for the flowers.4. During her stay in Paris, she ______________ lots of money on clothes.5. Mom, I’m thirsty. ____________ me an ice cream.6. It must ______________ a lot of money to go there by air.7. It took us two hours and _______________ Daddy 10 dollars to go to the seaside.8. He ______________ all his pocket money _______________ reference books.1. You must be______________( care) when you cross the street.2. Shop _____________(assist) are always kind to customers.3. _____________, he failed his physics exam last week. (luck)4. Old James_______________(successful) in writing a novel last year.5. Tell me ____________ who stole his money. (true)6. I love my teacher because she is ___________ (friend) to us all.7.“Don’t worry,”he said _____________.(quiet)8. It may be ______________(danger) for your health.9. Who is____________(heavy), Tom or Peter?10. Many foreigners begin to learn ____________.(China).11. Shop assistants should be ____________ (friend) to the customers.12. He is the ____________ (strange) person I have ever seen.13. Listen! There is a big ____________ (argue) in the shop.14. Jane made the model plane much ____________ (well) than her classmates.15. The students started ____________ (read) English when the bell rang.16. Every morning the buses are ____________ (crowd) with students.17. One of the men ____________ (quick) dialled 110 and soon the police arrived.18. David ____________ (usual) goe s to school at seven o’clock .19. Please arrange the words in ____________ (alphabet) order.20. Two ____________ (woman) tourists were doing shopping at that time.21. His ambition is to be an ____________ ( engine )22. “Let’s make the ____________ quickly. It is time to go.” ( discuss )23. I go to the barber’s ____________ a month. ( two )24. ____________ speak louder than words. ( Act )25. Many people are there, talking loudly. It’s very ____________ ( noise )26. His ____________ on science is very great. ( achieve )27. In my company, my brother is responsible for____________. He is a responsible ____________ . ( account )28. She runs her business very ____________ ( sucessful )29. Steal means: take it without ____________. ( permit )30. If a man is in handcuffs, we can’t say he has ____________ ( definite ) done something wrong.31. Yesterday, a ____________ ( dare ) robbery took place at the famous Pizza Palace.32. The ___________ ( invent ) of zero was very important.33. A computer can do a ____________ (caculate ) that you couldn’t’ do in your whole lifetime.34. Some people call the brain a ____________ ( live ) computer.35. The picture shows a modern ____________ ( electron ) calculator.36. Computers are very ____________ ( power )37. I heard a big ____________ ( argue) over there.38. I dialled 110 to report a ____________ (robber) to the police yesterday .39. A protractor is very ____________ (help )for measuring angles.40. A _______________ is a _______________ machine. (calculate)。