stepbystep3000第三册unit9答案及原文.docx
stepbystep3000第三册答案听力原文(供参考)
STEP BY STEP 3000 第三册答案Unit 1World News: International RelationsPart I Warming upA Tapescripts:1.The former American Defense Secretary William Perry hasrecommended a radical change of policy towards North Korea.2.Hundreds of thousands of mother s from across the United Statesgathere d here in Washington Sunday to push for tougher gun control laws.3.There's been further fighting between Macedonian forces and EthnicAlbanian guerrillas inside the Macedonian border with Kosovo.4.A bomb dropped by the United State's navy aircraft during training inKuwait has hit a group of military observers, killing six of them.5.NATO is taking a number of steps to allay growing disquiet about thepossible health risks from ammunitions containing depleted uranium, which it used in Kosovo and Bosnia.B1. What is the summit's statement expected to call on UN members? To make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS.2. Which three countries are admitted by ASEAN on Saturday? Burma, Cambodia, and the Laos.3. What happened on Friday about ten miles south of Pearl Harbor?A U. S. nuclear submarine tore through a Japanese fishing vessel, sinking it within minutes.How many people were on the vessel? And how many were missing?35/9.4. What happened in the West Bank and Gaza?Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunmen have been raiding overnight.5. What are the problems with the nuclear facilities and nuclear plants in Japan?Some nuclear facilities have breached many health and safety laws. More than half of the nuclear plants failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements.Tapescripts:1. With the f inal declaration on its role in the 21st century, the summit's statement is expected to call on UN members to make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS. More than 150 heads of state and government attended the summit, the largest gathering of world leaders in history.2. The Association of South-East Asian Nations has decided to invite Burma to join its ranks, shrugging off western denunciations of the military regime in Rangoon. ASEAN foreign ministers voted on Saturday to admit Burma, Cambodia, and the Laos.3. The missing, four of them teenagers, were among 35 people aboard a high school fishing vessel from Japan. On Friday, a U.S. nuclear submarine tore through the ship, sinking it within minutes. The USS Greenville, which was not seriously damaged, was performing an emergency surfacing drill when the collision occurred about ten miles south of Pearl Harbor. Coast Guard rescue teams plucked all but nine of the victims from the rough seas.4. Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunman have been raging overnight in the West Bank and Gaza. The upsurge in violence comes after Israeli attack helicopters targeted and killed a member of an elite Palestinian security force.5. Some nuclear facilities in Japan have breached many health and safety laws. Government inspectors checked 17 nuclear plants. More than half of them failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements. Japanese nuclear regulators have been ordered to crack down following the country's worst nuclear accident in September. Sixty-nine people were exposed to dangerous levels of radiation in the accident.Part II News reportsSummary:This news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as its new non-permanent members of the Security Council.Statements:1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as nonpermanent members of the Security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourth ballot.2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates for the second seat for the African and Asian group.3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States--and 10 non-permanent members.Tapescript:The United Nations General Assembly has elected' Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council. The vote follows several weeks of haggling and maneuvering.Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won the required two thirds majorityon the first round of balloting. But it took another three rounds of voting to decide on the remaining two regional seats.Contention marked the voting for the second seat for the African and Asian group. The United States lobbied intensely against Sudan, the candidate of the Organization of African Unity. Mauritius, the candidate supported by Washington, won on the fourth round of voting.Ireland easily captured one of the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations on the first ballot. But Norway and Italy campaigned vigorously for the second spot. King Harald of Norway came to New York last week to press the case for his nation's representation on the Security Council for the first time since 1982. Norway also won on the fourth ballot. The new members begin their two-year terms in January. The Security Council is made up of a total of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States -- and 10 non-permanent members. Five non-permanent members are elected to two-year terms each year.BSummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532.483.34. The United 18th7.No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East Timor Tapescript:Forty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, thereis a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on this meeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."MsHeuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation1. I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult, or expensive to accomplish... But, in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon. If we make this judgment affirmatively, it will be an entire nation ... I believe we should go to the moon. (John F. Kennedy 25/05/1961)2. As he said many times, in many parts of this nation, to those he touched and who sought to touch him: "Some men see things as they are and say 'Why?' I dream things that never were and say 'Why not?'" (Edward M. Kennedy 08/06/1968)3. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day, even the State of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. (Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. 28/08/1963)4. America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress. Particularly at this time, with problems we face at home and abroad. To continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication would almost totally absorb the time and attention of both the President and the Congress in a period when our entire focus should be on the great issues of peace abroad and prosperity without inflation at home. (Richard M. Nixon 08/08/1974)5. Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts, for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation. I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you. I will... I will do everything I can to be worthy of your faith and trust and to honor the powerful example of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan ... I promise you tonight that I will reach across party lines to bring progress for all of New York's families. Today we voted as Democrats and Republicans. Tomorrow we begin again as New Yorkers .... (Hillary Clinton 07/11/2000)Unit 2Earth and EnvironmentPart 1Warming upA1....impact of climate change… damage to crops … worse...2. ...2000 delegates…northern Brazil … third United Nations Conference on Desertification.3....A huge oil spill … Mexico,...4. Wildfires … Florida … contained … a week...5....Greenland is melting around the edges …50 cubic kilometers raise global sea level ...B 1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”.Part II News ReportsA...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthB Summary… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions1.1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people could suffer from ascarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5.To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50 liters8.500 litersPart IIICity recyclingA a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1B130,000 / 80%2. Plastic / glass / tin cans / newspapers3. Recycle truck pick it up.4. One of community’s recycling centers5. Each weekday6. Conducts tours of the plant7. 3 / 48. Sod to other companies that make them into different products9. Made into new containers10. One of the top five in the USAUnit 3World News: Economic DevelopmentsPart I Warming upA1. Who have been meeting in Hong Kong today to discuss the outlook for the global economy?Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. What does UNCTAD say about the worldwide total of foreign investment?It grew by 40% last Year to more than 600 billion dollars.3. Who has approved a cut in income tax rates?The United States House of Representatives.4. Who has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products? IntelWhat is its plan?To reduce its workforce by5,000.5. What decisions have been made by EU, the U.S. and Canada after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France?EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of livestock.The U.S. and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of animal produce from EU.Tapescript:1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries have been meeting in Hong Kong today. One subject they likely discussed is the outlook for the global economy because of the U. S. slowdown and Japan's struggling recovery. Another topic they may have discussed is how to strengthen financial markets in emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere.2. A United Nations' report says the worldwide total of foreign investment grew by nearly 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars. The report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD says most of it took place between developed countries as big companies took one another over.3. The United States House of Representatives has approved a cut in income tax rates, the first part of a package of tax cutting measures put forward by President Bush. The income tax reductions will amount to nearly 1 trillion dollars over ten years.4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its85,000-strong work force by 5,000.5. The European Union has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France. The United States and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of all animal produce from EU countries.BForeign exchange rates:1 dollar=1.733 German marks =126.9 Japanese yen1 pound =1.624 dollarsShare IndexDow Jones (up to)6,783 (+45) London’s 100 (up to)4,390 (+20)Nikkie closed2. Share Index:Dow Jones 10,116(+96)Standrd and Poor’s 500 1,254(+6) NASDAQ: (-1.5%)3. Share Index:Dow Jones 8,094 ( - 66 ) NASDAQ 1,662 (- 3 )FT100 ( -36 ) CAC Quarante( -33, -1% )DAX ( -1% )4. Most active stocks:Cable and Wireless HKT up $ 0.45 HSBC down $ 0.50 Hutchison down $ 0.50 Shanglongkai Property up$ 2.25China Telecom down $ 1.50 Chang Kong down $ 0.25 Pacific Century Cyberworlds down $ 0.10CCT Telecom down $ 0.275 New World CyberBasedown $ 0.075Hanong Holdings down $ 0.25Gold prices:Hong Kong gold:HK$ 2,670 London gold: US $ 2895. Earnings:Philips Electronics (last year): $ 2.4 billion ($ 300 million)Royal Dutch Shell (4th quarter): $ 3.6 billionElectronic Data Systems (4th quarter): $ 0.70 per share ( $ 0.02 up) Tapescripts:1. The dollar is trading at one German mark seventy-three point three and at 126.9 Japanese yen. The pound buys one dollar sixty-two point four. In New York, the Dow Share Index closed 45 higher at 6,783. Earlier London's 100 Share Index ended 20 higher at 4,390. In Tokyo, the Nikkei Share Index is closed for a holiday.2. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 96 points at 10,116. The Standard and Poor's 500 Index gained 6 points to close at 1,254. But the NASDAQ Index lost 1.5% as high technology and Internet stocks were battered.3. Right now the Dow is down another 66 points at 8,094; the NASDAQ Composite down 3 points at 1,662. Turning to Europe's major markets: London stocks were hit by a wave of profit taking after five straight record closes; the FT 100 Index down 36 points; Paris seeing losses as well, the CAC quarante down 33 points or 1%; and Frankfurt's DAX also fell 1% after briefly moving into record territory.4. The Hang Seng Index closed down 89 points at 3,521. The turnover was 7.71 billion dollars. Now look at the ten most active stocks. Cable and Wireless HKT up 45 cents, HSBC holdings down 50 cents, Hutchison down 50 cents, Shanglongkai Property up $2.25, and China Telecom down $1.50, Chang Kong up 25 cents, Pacific Century Cyberworlds down 10 cents, CCT Telecom down 27.5 cents, New World Cyberspace down 7.5 cents, and Hanong Holdings down 25 cents. The Hang Seng Index future for November and December were all down. Hong Kong gold closed at 2,670 Hong Kong dollars, and London gold is trading at 289 U.S. dollars.5. Consumer electronics maker Philips Electronics reported a lower than expected profit for last year. The company made about $2.4 billion, more than $300 million below estimates. Oil company Royal Dutch Shell posted its earnings. It made roughly a $3.6 billion profit for its fourth quarter. That was essentially in line with Street expectations. Electronic Data Systems also reported its fourth quarter numbers last night. It posted a 70-cent profit per share, two cents better than expectations.Part II News reportsASummary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup4 HSBC Banking Company-- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler1 General Electric Corporation Microsoft3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list? Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far. Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world. The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are the British-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with acomposite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan.Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler andBP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of many Internet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.B Summary:This news report gives us a general picture of the U.S. stock market. It also presents some analysts' views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get into the market. Tapescript:U.S. stock prices were mixed on Monday, with the "blue-chips" in a rally mode. But volume was only moderate after a holiday-shortened week last week, showing lingering uncertainty among investors.The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up 75 points, less than one percent, to 10,546. The S & P 500 Index gained 7 points. But the NASDAQ Composite backed off an early rally, taking a loss of almost one percent on weakness in selected technology stocks.The Dow Industrials actually got a boost from their technology components. Shares of Intel traded higher after an analyst said sales growth at the leading computer chip-maker could be stronger than expected. Microsoft stock also edged higher.Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, as the holiday shopping season got underway. However, analysts caution the retail picture is still clouded because many stores offered bargains to attract shoppers. Experts worry that higher oil prices and interest rates will make this a less than merry Christmas season for U.S. merchants.The latest on the U.S. economy points to slower growth. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9 percent in October, their second monthly decline.Many analysts think uncertainty over the economy makes it increasingly likely that the major stock averages will close lower for the year. But investment strategist Alan Skrainka says the longer-term looks better. "No one can guess what will happen to the market over the next month. But over the long-term, we think the market looks very good. If you're a long-term investor, this is a very good entry point for getting into the market because this is what you've been waiting for. All the fear and uncertainty in the marketplace is setting us up for some very good values in the market."Part III Voice mail may cost company’s businessAJud Jessup (TakeCare HMO): …personalized service…”high service”…getting a recording…efficient…cost effective……individual problems….Stanley Plogue (Plogue Research): …a fourth…let out…voice mail system…given up…Sandy hale (Pacific Bell):…bottom line…costs…more efficient…customer service operations…a valuable tool.B1. T2. T3.F4.F5.T6.F7.F8.T9.T10. TC3. Five years ago, people were wary of voice-mail.4. TakeCare used a funny voice-mail message in its advertisements.6. V oice-mail decreases contact between customers and companies.7. The problem is not the technology, but the voice-mail menus.Part IV Business jargonA1.…language shorthand….2.…overuse business jargon…a negative effect…3.…a low opinion…management jargon…a third…a lack ofconfidence…one in five …untrustworthy…cover something up. 4.…an effective boss…can easily understand…of management jargon.B1. T2. T3.F4.F5. FC1.blue-sky thinking: imagine new or different ways of doing things2.get our ducks in a row: have everything arranged efficiently3.brain dump: tell everything you know about a particular subject4.think outside the box: be creative in how you think about problems5.the helicopter view: an overview6.a heads up: a warning7.that’s a real no-brainer: that’s simpleUnit 4World News: Up in SpacePart I Warming upA 1.To Mars / March of next year. 2. Because of a mechanical problem.3. 5 males and 2 females.4. NASA / At the end of September, 83 days after landing.5. To return home at the Kennedy Space Center after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope.B Mir Facts15 years the Soviet Union, now Russia$ 4.2 billion (for building and maintaining) 10 years (1986 —1996)135 tons 9,900 cubic feet63 feet wide and 85 feet long104 cosmonauts, astronauts 46 438 days747 days, three Mar. 23rd,Part II News reportsA Summary :… the smallest and most earth-like extra solar planet.Answers to questions:1.About a dozen.2. Five times the mass of the earth.3. A red dwarf.4.Two.5. One is similar to Neptune and the other is 8 times themass of the earth.B Event :NASA’s 12-year program of Mars • Starting time: 1996• Finishing time: 2008First installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter / the Pathfinder Lander• Arrival time: 1997• Mission: To collect and analyze rocksSecond installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Polar Lander / the Mars Climate Orbiter• Launch time:December• Arrival time: Next DecemberMission:a.To inspect for subsurface waterb.To measure the distribution of water vapor, dust and condensates Grand finale: • Launch time: 2005 • Return time: 2008•Mission: To return soil and rock samples to Earth.Part III Returning to the MoonSummary:… UK’s possible collaboration with China on the Chang’e program. Answers to the questions:1. Four phases2. a. robotic spacecraftb. to return astronauts to the moonc. to set up a permanent space station3. Building of scientific instruments by UK4. Five days5. Thirteen daysUnit 5Part IA11.A successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South Africansurgeon.2.The discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness ofchemotherapy.3.The possibility of a new way to treat glaucoma.4.A new research on writing which shows that writing can result inclinically meaningful outcomes.A new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illness improve their health.5.The theory and function of acupuncture.A21.A week ago / Parkinson’s disease.2.A natural defense mechanism3.The death of brain cells4.Meeting patients’ psychological needs produces physical healthbenefits.5.Side effects / cut back on medication.1.The world’s leading transplant surgeon, Dr Christopher Bernard,has carried out one of the most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has succeeded in transplanting tissues into the human brain in what is thought to be the first operation of its kind. The surgery was performed a week ago on a patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease. A portion ofthe patient’s adrenal gland was implanted into a part of the patient’s brain, an operation which has previously been performed only on rats and monkeys.2.Approximately a third of all people develop cancer at one point intheir lives. Chemotherapy has its limitations, but it is one of the major treatment options. Some American scientists have discovered they can increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells.3.Glaucoma is responsible for blindness in an estimated 67 millionpeople around the world. Until now, treatments have focused exclusively on the eyes. But that may change in the next few year, following the discovery that glaucoma involves the death of brain cells.4.New research shows that the simple act of writing down thoughtsabout a stressful event can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health. This is the first study to show that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes for chronically-ill patients.The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literature suggesting that meeting patient’s psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5.Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associatedwith the balance of Qi. Qi can be hindered or helped by yang andyin. According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi by keeping yin and yang in balance ---- and this is done by inserting needles at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body. One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it has few, if any, side-effects; and that when used with standard drug treatment --- in anesthesia, for example ---it allows physicians to cut back on medication, delivering the same level of benefit with fewer negative effects/B1.Instructions / characteristic / DNA / another / organism / geneticallymodified organism / genetic engineering2.Artificial fertilizers / pest control / food / farming / artificial fertilizers/ half3.Genetic material / unrelated / another species / animal /plant / goingacross4.Animals / cows, goats and pigs / genetically changed / pharmaceuticaldrugs / farming5.Novel / 1797-1851/ scientist / subhuman / destroying / creation thatends up destroying the creator.Part II（答案见听力原文中的红色部分）In North Beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night.。
step_by_step_3000_第四册_9-11单元原文及答案
Unit9 Inside MePart I Warming upA.Tapescript:1. Super Star Love HitsThis is Super Star Love Hits, the album, 16 perfect love songs with Savage Garden, Ricky Martin, Mariah Carey. This is Super Star Love Hits. Celine Dion, Michael Bolton, Michael Jackson, the world super stars performing the perfect love songs on earth. Super Star Love Hits. Sony Music.2. 24-hour Hot LineAi, my son, he loves to go to the concert. My daughter she goes to the movie all the time. Even my youngest is crazy for Karaoke. Ai, I need more part-time jobs. How can entertainment cost so much?Hey, for the special price of $188, your family can enjoy 1,000 hours of movies, music, radio and other home entertainment. Any time you like. Why follow convention? Call 1833233 now.3. Tender TimesBrothers and sisters, and even future enemies, if the innocence of youth touches your heart, if the child in you wants to come out and play, this film is for you. Satisfaction guaranteed. Tender Times is filmed and narrated by Marty Stafford creator of a popular TV series Wild America. For 25 years, Marty has brought the America's rich natural heritage to the screen as no one else can. Order now, and you'll also receive The Beauty of Butterfly, absolutely free.If the innocence of youth touches your heart, if the child in you wants to come out and play, call 18333322 now. Tender Times with The Beauty of Butterflies can be enjoyed by the entire family. Both can be yours for only 293 dollars. Now available around the world from Inner World.4. Macau Culture CenterMacau is waiting just for you. There is just so much to do. Magic day. Magic place. Magic night. Magic moments. Macau waits just for you. Macau is just for you.Celebrating the moment of creation, the new Macau Culture Center, opening March 19.B.1. Radio Valley( ) 9:00 Parliament Report( 5 ) 9:25 Sportsline( ) 9:45 Science-Fact( ) 10:15 Wendy Rose's Shopping Guide2. Radio 207( ) 9:00 Farmers' Diary( ) 9:15 Financial Portfolio( 2 ) 9:28 The Word You Heard--Quiz program presented by Bob de Vere( ) 10:00 Reggae Roots3. Peak Radio( ) 9:00 News Round-up( 4 ) 9:27 Weather Word( ) 9.30 Radio Theatre Pt. 1 The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold by Evelyn Waugh( ) 10:00 News Round-up (with radio-car reports)4. Radio Northwest( ) 9:00 News Northwest( ) 9:10 Press Review( 1 ) 9:15 Family Phone-in Today's subject: Photography( ) 10:00 Medicine Today5. Riverside Radio( ) 9:00 Morning Service( 3 ) 9:10 Country Kitchen (with Dorothy Berry)( ) 9:30 Nature Trail( ) 10:00 Riverside NotebookTapescript:# --And we have a caller on Line 2, now; Mr. Jackson from Bolton, who, I believe, wants to talk to Norman about setting up a darkroom. Are you there, Mr. Jackson?-- Er, yes. Well, actually, it's about ... color-developing at home, really...# So, there we are. Our four contestants are ready and waiting, here in the studio, to pit their wits against each other and the mighty Oxford English Dictionary. And one of them will be going through, after today's round, to do battle in the first semi-final, in three weeks' time.# And after about 20 minutes, on a medium heat at the bottom of your oven, it should come out with the cheese nicely melted and browned over those slices of egg on the top.Next week I'll be giving you some tips about freezing your summer fruit for the winter. So, I hope you can join me. Until then, goodbye.#We've got a high of 9 degrees Celsius, 48 degrees Fahrenheit, with rain closing in from the west and that should be covering all of our area by lunch-time. So, if you're out this morning, you'd better take an umbrella with you.# O'Keefe played a brilliant match. He headed a corner from Rainer, just two minutes before the final whistle, which bounced off the post and had the United goalkeeper, Stevenson, in a bit of a panic for a few moments, before the new boy, David Briggs, came through, likelightning, to clear the ball out of the area. United 2: Villa 1.Unit10Part I Warming upA1.First: kittens / catsSecond: snakesA2.First: sweet / playful / affectionate / toy mouse / curl up / sleep/ cleanSecond: unusual / revolting / slimy / dry / poisonous / move / fascinating / colors / patterns / beautifulTapescript:1. Well, they were really sweet little things - very playful and affectionate. I didn't mind looking after them at all. They used to play for hours with their toy mouse or just curl up and go to sleep in their basket. They were no trouble, no, and they're very clean animals too.2. I know it's a bit unusual, but I really like them. I have done ever since I saw them in the zoo, as a child. I don't know why. Most people think they're revolting. They imagine that they're slimy to touch or something but that's not tree -- they're quite dry. I'm not saying they'd make a good pet or anything, and I wouldn't want to get too close to one of the poisonous ones, but I think the way they move is fascinating. Some of them have colors and patterns which are really beautiful.B. Now you are going to hear five people talking about their hobbies.B1.First: photographySecond: skiingThird: horse ridingFourth: bird watchingFifth: sailingB2.First: photograph / still life / moving object / feel of equipmentSecond: amazing / equipment / safer / scenery / air / speed / exhilarationThird: powerful animal / relationship of trust / skill / walk / gallopFourth. 6,500 species / looking at birdsFifth: force of wind / complicated / boats / navigation / essential skillsTapescript1. The first part is to go out of your house and choose a subject matter to photograph, and that could range from a still life of some kind to a moving object such as a racing car or a riot or some street scene. I like the feel of the equipment whilst I'm taking the photograph.2. Well I think it's the most amazing sport because I ... I ... I first had a go about twenty-five years ago, and obviously the equipment has changed quite a lot in the time since and it's become a lot safer. Urn, the scenery's absolutely superb and the ... the air is ... is wonderful, and the speed and the exhilaration. You sleep well after it And it's ... for me it's just the best sport3. I think there's something rather special about it as a hobby, or a sport, because with most hobbies you just rely on yourself and maybe some equipment. Um, but here, you're depending on an animal and quite a powerful animal at that. So you have to build up a special relationship of trust between you. And if you.., if you do build up that relationship of trust, and if you develop some skill, then there's enormous satisfaction and pleasure in what you can do together, whether it's walking quietly along a lane or galloping over open countryside.4. One of the things I find most interesting is there are something like six and a half thousand different types of birds in the world, that's six and a half thousand species of birds, and it's only in the last fifty to a hundred years, perhaps, that people have started looking at birds as something beautiful to admire in their own setting. Prior to that, we ate birds. We still do. Birds were shot and killed for their feathers, to put in hats, to decorate clothes. Birds were used. Whereas now, a lot of people who enjoy looking at birds, simply do that.5. You're using the force of the wind to get around over the earth's surface, as people did two thousand years ago. And it has been complicated -- boats have become more complicated, and navigation equipment has become electronic and complicated. But these are luxuries. The essential skills are exactly the same as they were two thousand years ago. And I think that's the ... the fun.Unit11Part I Warming upA1.A1. The three things children need:--First: To feel that one has options, that one maintains some control over his or her life.--Second: To feel significant in the life of at least one other person.--Third: To feel accepted because of his or her individuality.A2.First (This certainty gives people strength):more highly motivated to work harder / overcome daunting difficulties and painSecond (Children behave differently when treated differently):--Ignored: devastating / cruelest / angry / depressed / frustrated / negative behavior--Respected: thrivesThird(Society's problem: encourage tolerance vs. welcome differences):deserves / acknowledged / cherished / unique / embrace othersTapescript:In my more than 40 years of working with families and conducting research in family dynamics and the roots of human behavior, I have observed again and again a few truths. I have learned that all children -- indeed, all people -- need three certainties to feel healthy and positive about life.First, a child needs to feel that she has options, that she maintains some control over her life. She needs to feel that she can do something to the world and the world will respond. In fact, stress, I believe, might be defined as a lack of options.Numerous studies have shown that people who have choices are more highly motivated to work harder and even overcome daunting difficulties and pain. Burn victims in hospitals who are allowed to participate in their own care, such as by dressing their wounds, require less pain medication than those who are rendered helpless by having everything done for them. People want to help themselves. They become empowered in direct relation to the choices and options they perceive to be available.The second thing that a child needs is to feel significant in the life of at least one other person. Being ignored is devastating, one of the cruelest punishments possible. It leaves the child angry, depressed, and frustrated. When people react negatively to the child, that arouses negative behavior. When the parent respects the child's efforts to express herself, encourages her explorations, applauds her small victories, from the first tentative baby steps on, the child thrives.Third, a child needs to feel accepted because of his or her individuality.Each child deserves to be acknowledged and cherished for the qualities that make her unique, which can be hard to remember in a society that tends to encourage tolerance rather than welcome differences. Ideally, we should embrace others, and especially children, because of, rather than in spite of, their differences.B.Man 1 Woman Man 2How to professional help self-help book club / communicateovercome shyness? with different peopleYour choiceHow to stop why nervous? Nail polish transfer your habitbiting your / solve the problem into something differ-fingernails? rentHow to get in first walk/ an personal cycle to work orFor summer? hour a day trainer schoolTapescript:1. How to overcome shynessMan 1: Well, I think if you're really shy it might be a good idea to see a therapist or someone like that -- you know, to get some professional help. You can't always change by yourself.Woman: Or how about getting one of those self-help books from the library? I'm sure there are books around with lots of good suggestions that you can try.Man 2: I think the best thing is to join a club and do activities where you have to meet and talk to different people. Like, if you join a theater group and work on putting on a play, you'll probably be able to overcome your shyness.2. How to stop biting your fingernailsMan 1: I think biting your fingernails is just a sign of nervousness, so the first thing to do is to find out what's making you nervous. Once you've identified that problem and then solved it, the nail biting will disappear.Woman: My sister used to bite her nails all the time, so she started wearing bright red nail polish. She bought the really expensive kinds, so she felt that she had made an investment in quitting her bad habit. I think the polish made her think about what she was doing, too. Anyway, after a few months, it worked, and she has really nice nails now. I guess if you're a guy, it's a little more difficult, though.Man 2: Maybe you could find something else to do when you're stressed out, like tapping your fingers or counting to 100. You have to try to transfer your habit into a different activity -- one that doesn't cause such a problem.3. Flow to get in shape for summerMan 1: Getting in shape for summer can be easy. Just take a fairly fast walk for at least anhour a day. You'll be surprised at how much fat you can burn off just by walking every day.Woman: I recommend getting a personal trainer at a gym. It's expensive, but a personal trainer can help you focus on what you really need to do and show you the best kinds of exercises to do to tighten up your tummy or whatever it is you want to tighten up.Man 2: I think the best way to get in shape is by riding a bicycle to work or school. And on the weekends, go out for longer rides. It sounds easy, but actually, a good long bike ride can be even better for you than a workout at the gym.Part III Mediation skillsTapescript:Today we are going to discuss the steps involved in mediation counseling. The skills that make up mediation counseling will be useful to you in a variety of situations -- for instance, helping a couple that is having problems in their relationship or parents who are having trouble with a teenager. Through mediation counseling, people can learn to take a series of steps that will lead them to identify problems and create solutions.Step One: Setting Up a Positive EnvironmentIn step one the mediator wants to set up an environment that will help the clients to speak frankly about what has upset them without attacking the other person. This is first done by clearly stating specific rules about how the clients will be allowed to behave during mediation sessions. For example, clients must treat each other with respect. They may not shout at the other person or interrupt them when they are speaking. After the rules have been established, each client will take a turn speaking directly to the mediator. They will state their point of view concerning the problem. If they are having difficulty, the mediator will facilitate the process by asking questions like "What's been going on between the two of you?" or "How has this problem affected you?" Another thing the mediator will do is to rephrase statements that sound very aggressive and accusatory. For example, if Robert is mad at Vicky, he might say something like this: "The Problem is Vicky's always late. She has no respect for my time. She always keeps me waiting." To avoid having Vicky get angry when she hears this, the mediator would rephrase it, focusing on the real issue instead of on how bad Vicky is. The mediator might say something like this: "So you feel really frustrated and impatient when you arrive promptly and then have to wait a long time for ~he other person." When both clients have finished sharing their side of the story with the mediator, the mediator will list and clarify the problems. In the case of Robert and Vicky the mediator could say. "There seems to be a problem finding a way to organize time that is comfortable for both of you."Step Two: Identifying the Bottom LineIn step two the mediator helps the clients to identify the bottom line. This is done by breaking their conflict down into specific issues which are emotional and behavioral. People might say they are mad about a specific behavior, lint what they are really mad about is how it makes them feel. To look again at the case of Robert and Vicky, the mediator might help them to see that while time seems to be the issue, the real issue is that Robert feels Vicky does not respect him. At this point .the clients begin speaking to each other. But they do this by. participating in activities that are designed to help them better understand each other. Maybe they could do a role reversal, and Vicky could talk about how she would feel if she and Robert were supposed to have dinner with friends and he came an hour late. Robert could share reasons why he might be late for something, Hopefully, this will help Robert and Vicky be more sympathetic with one another.Step Three: BrainstormNow it's time to talk about solutions. In step three the mediator encourages the clients to share every possible solution to their problem, no matter how ridiculous or extreme. The clients must accept all the solutions either one of them suggests. They may not criticize each other during this step in the process. As they are making suggestions, the mediator writes down all their different ideas. When everyone has .run out of suggestions, they look at their list. They try to identify which solution is best, which one is most reasonable or practical, which ones are unworkable, etc. , etc. They prioritize the solutions and discuss which ones would work for them, which ones they would be willing to try. Using the solutions they have chosen, the clients, with the help of the mediator, write down some very specific steps they would take to solve their problem.。
听力教程第三册答案UNIT9
Unit 9Section OnePart 1 Spot DictationAs the bulge of the baby boom pushes into (1) middle age - the 30-to-50-year-olds are now the (2) largest age group in this country - our outlook on getting older is (3) changing. In fact, experts are finding today that getting older is getting better, in very (4) real ways.Most people in their middle years are at the (5) peak of their working lives. This is the time of (6) competence when people get a great deal of (7) satisfaction and security out of realizing they have something to (8) offer others.As you get older, you're more (9) secure in your relationships. The longer you've been married, the more likely it is that you are going to (10) stay married.It takes a long time to become a (11) person. The older you get, the more (12) unique you become. You become (13) clearer about what you think, what you like and don't like. You know who you are.One of the things we fear about growing older is increasing (14) isolation. If you let it, your world can (15) shrink. But if you make the effort, (16) midlife can be a time of more personal relationships. If you (17) nourish your relationships, by the time you've reached midlife you have a rich network -lifelong friends, (18) acquaintances, colleagues, an extended family.While older people are free to spend their time the way they want, they also know they have (19) less of it. That makes them more aware of how precious timeis and more (20) discriminating about how they use it.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear. (Refer to Tapescript)Unlike air travel, which is regulated internationally, rail travel is in many cases controlled nationally. The degree of safety of rail travel is therefore highly variable from country to country, depending on the degree of regulation and the quality of regulation in the country concerned. In Britain and the United States rail passenger deaths work out at an average of less than 10 rail passenger deaths per year. Unfortunately, the rail passenger deaths per year statistics in the less developed parts of the world are considerably higher than the rail passenger deaths per year statistics are in the western world.In the UK over the last 25 years, there has been an average of one train accident for every million miles run. Because individual trains carry such a large number of passengers compared with the number of passengers carried in cars, buses and planes, this actually means that the degree of risk is, comparatively, one which is almost non-existent.By far the greatest cause of railway accidents is human error, either in controlling or responding to signals. Recent improvements in the numbers ofaccidents are in large measure due to the introduction of automatic and computerized signalling equipment. Radio communication systems between drivers and control centres have also proved influential in reducing accidents. With the continuing development of radio communication systems and automatic signalling systems we can look forward to further reductions in what are already impressively low accident rates.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1)This passage is about rail travel safety.2)The key words are highly variable. degree and quality of regulation: Britainand the United States. less than 10 rail passenger deaths per year: less developed parts. higher: UK. last 25 years. one train accident for every million miles run: cause. human error: automatic. computerized signaling.radio communication systems. reduce accidents.Section Two Listening Comprehension ~Part 1DialogueAdolescenceInterviewer: So, you say Eric's what you'd consider pretty strict but prettyfair? So, for example, when he tells you to do Interviewer: somethingJora: Well, he's strict and I get angry when he doesn't want me to do stuff. But afterwards I can almost always see why he said it, y'know?Interviewer: Yeah.Jora: And there's only a couple of incidents where, well, that were totally,y'know, that I didn't understand at all.Interviewer: Hmm. Not a bad record.Eric: No. Vh, 'cos I'm sure I've made some mistakes.Interviewer: Is ... how would you compare your mom? Is she less strict than your dad? Mm-hmm. Well, she's less strict, but it's, it's like I can't win, y'know? The stuff that my dad's not strict about, my mom's strict about, and· the stuff that my mom's not strict about, my dad is. And, well, like my dad doesn't let me see PG-13* or R movies, but my mom does. She, well, she rents R-rated* movies, and lets me watch them and all, but my dad won't even let me see PG-13.Eric: Well, uh, that's not really true. It depends on what it is. My rule with PG-13 is either I've had to have seen it first or, you know, talked to someone who I trust ... who's seen it.Interviewer: So, your mom's looser about movies. Uh, what's shestricter about?Jora: Chores, junk food, buying me specific things -Interviewer: When you say buying you things, do you mean -Jora: Like when we go to the store.Interviewer: She doesn't want to pay for them?Jora: She doesn't want to pay for things. She wants me to buy my own friends' presents, you know, stuff like thatInterviewer: So, do you get anallowance?Jora: Yeah, I do.Interviewer: So, Jora, what do you think about your dad? Do you think he's a pretty good dad? I mean, how does he compare with your friends' fathers? Jora: Urn, my dad is very strict, but he's ... he's .. , he's pretty good. He ... he's very nice and he lets me do just enough so I don't get too angry.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6.F 7. T 8. TPart 2 PassageA Brief History of Banking1)Situated usually at a table or in a small shop in the commercial district, thebankers aided travelers who came to the town by exchanging foreign coins for local money.2)It wasn't long before the idea of attracting deposits and securing temporaryloans from wealthy customers became an important source of bank funding.3)The banking industry gradually spread outward from the classicalcivilizations of Greece and Rome into northern and western Europe.4)The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items aspeople came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government.5)As the 19th century began, the development of large, professionally managedbanking firms was centered in a few leading commercial centers, especially New York.When did the first banks appear? The first bankers lived more than 2,000 years ago. They were money changers, situated usually at a table or in a small shop in the commercial district, aiding travelers who came to the town by exchanging foreign coins for local money or discounting commercial notes for a fee in order to supply merchants with working capital.The first bankers probably used their own capital to fund their activities, but it wasn't long before the idea of attracting deposits and securing temporary loans from wealthy customers became an important source of bank funding. Loans were then made to merchants, shippers, and landowners, at rates ofinterest as low as 6 percent per annum to as high as 48 percent a month for the riskiest ventures ! Most of the early banks of any size were Greek in origin.The banking industry gradually spread outward from the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome into northern and western Europe. Banking encountered religious opposition during the Middle Ages, primarily because loans made to the poor often carried high interest rates. However, as the Renaissance began in Europe, the bulk of bank loans and deposits involved relatively wealthy customers, which helped to reduce religious opposition to banking practices.The development of new overland trade routes and improvements in navigation in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries gradually shifted the center of world commerce from the Mediterranean region toward Europe and the British Isles, where banking became a leading industry. The Industrial Revolution demanded a well-developed financial system. In particular, the adoption of mass production methods required a corresponding expansion in global trade to absorb industrial output, requiring new methods for making payments and credit available. Banks that could deliver on these needs grew rapidly.The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items (such as gold and silver bullion) as people came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government. In England during the reigns of. Henry VIII and Charles I, government efforts to seize private holdings of gold and silver resulted in people depositing their valuables in goldsmiths' shops, who,in turn, would issue tokens* or certificates, indicating that the customer had made a deposit at these businesses. Soon, goldsmith tokens or certificates began to circulate as money because they were more convenient and less risky to carry around. The goldsmiths also offered certification of value services - what we today might call property appraisals*. Customers would bring in valuables to have an expert certify that these items were indeed real and not fakes - a service many banks still provide their customers.When colonies were established in North and South America, Old World banking practices were transferred to the New World. As the 19th century began, state governments in the United States began chartering* banking companies. The development of large, professionally managed banking firms was centered in a few leading commercial centers, especially New York. The federal government became a major force in US banking during Civil War.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionA bank is, actually, a business organization, usually a limited company, which trades mainly in money, receiving and holding deposits and paying sums out of them by order of the customer, lending money at interest, discounting bills of exchange, moving from one place to another, acting as customer's agent in buying and selling securities, serving as trustee or executor, and performing various extra services for customers, e.g. arranging travel and insurance and advising on tax and investment.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirection: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times ..Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.l.B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. BExercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)The early banks in Europe were places for safekeeping of valuable items(such as gold and silver bullion) as people came to fear loss of their assets due to war, theft, or expropriation by government. In England during the reigns of Henry VIII and Charles I, government efforts to seize private holdings of gold and silver resulted in people depositing their valuables in goldsmiths' shops, who, in turn, would issue tokens or certificates, indicating that the customer had made a deposit at these businesses. Soon, goldsmith tokens or certificates began to circulate as money because they were more convenient and less risky to carry around. The goldsmiths also offered certification ofvalue services - what we today might call property appraisals. Customers would bring in valuables to have an expert certify that these items were indeed real and not fakes - a service many banks still provide their customers.2)(Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Greenland Ice SheetA US Space Agency study finds that Greenland is melting around the edges. The loss to the world's second largest ice sheet - more than 50 cubic kilometers per year - is enough to raise global sea level by 0.13 millimeters. NASA scientist Bill Krabill says the data indicates a process of change that does not immediately threaten coastal regions."The more important thing is to consider it as a signal of global climate change and to monitor it in case it starts to accelerate."Eighty-five percent of Greenland is covered by ice and is more accessible for scientific study than Antarctica, which is under the world's largest ice sheet."Greenland, the way it's positioned - much more north south, and the southern tip of Greenland protrudes* into the more temperate* latitudes* - it may react much quicker to global climate change than Antarctica does."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the rapid thinning of the ice sheet on Greenland.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.F 2.F3. T 4. T 5. TCooling AntarcticaA new study says Antarctica, the southernmost continent, has cooled measurably in recent years. The findings are a departure from global trends that show significant warming during the last century.University of Chicago Professor Pete~ Doran monitors the pulse* of Antarctica. He and other researchers have plotted* climate trends in the region. They are working with data from weather stations in Antarctica's Dry Valleys, a perpetually snow-free, mountainous zone, and from stations across the continent.Their records show a decrease by 0.7 degrees Celsius per decade in the Dry Valleys since 1986 and a similar cooling trend across the continent since 1978.Doran said, "Antarctica is somewhat isolated because there is a big ocean current* that constantly circles around the continent and actually sort of isolates it, and that's what makes it cold. And, that may be a factor in why we are seeingAntarctica cooling is that slight disconnect from the rest of the globe, and it's not behaving in the same way."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the result of a new study which suggests Antarctic cooling.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1. A new study says Antarctica, the southernmost continent, has cooled measurably in recent years.2. Professor Peter Doran and other researchers have plotted climate trends in the region.3. Antarctica's Dry Valleys is a perpetually snow-free, mountainous zone.4. The records show a decrease by 0.7 degrees Celsius per decade in the Dry Valleys since 1986 and a similar cooling trend across the continent since 1978.5. There is a big ocean current that constantly circles around the continent, so Antarctica is somewhat isolated from the rest of the globe, and does not behave in the same way.News Item 3Climate ChangeTAPESCRIPT AND KEYThe UN study predicts global temperatures will increase by nearly sixdegrees Celsius during this century. It says this will lead to increased flooding, drought, a rise in sea levels, and other climatic effects.The study says all regions of the world will suffer adverse* effects of climate change. The panel's co-chairman, James McCarthy, says some plant and mammals will be irreversibly* damaged; others will become extinct.Mr McCarthy says millions of people will be made homeless in low-lying countries such as Bangladesh because of sea level rise. Some islands will disappear completely. Economic losses will be incalculableIn addition, the report says crop and water loss will lead to more famine* in dry areas of the world, such as Africa.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summaryThis news item is about a study report on the dangers of global warming. Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following outline.Global WarmingI.Global temperatures increaseA. Global temperatures will increase by nearly six degrees Celsius.II. Unfavorable effectsA. Increased flooding,drought with crop and water lossa.Some plants and mammals will be irreversibly damaged or becomeextinct.b.More famine in dry areas of the world, such as Africa.B. A rise in sea levels, and other climatic effectsa)M illions of people will become homeless in low-lying countries such asBangladesh.b)Some islands will disappear completely.c) Economic losses will be incalculable.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportGlobal WarmingBy the year 2100, authors of a new study say, there could be a major increase in global temperatures if nothing is done to curb greenhouse gas emissions. The predictions are contained in an article appearing in the current issue of the journal Science.Writing in Science, Tom Wigley of the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, and Sarah Raper, of the University of East Anglia in England, described the conclusions of the Intergovernmental Panel * on Climate Change.The IPCC is a United Nations group made up of hundreds of climatologists* and geologists* from around the- world. It concluded that, if greenhouse gases - such as carbon dioxide and methane* - are allowed to continue to migrate intothe earth's upper atmosphere unchecked, temperatures near the ground could rise between 1.4 and 5.8 degrees Celsius by the end of this century.However, what policymakers want to know according to Mr Wigley is the likelihood, or probability that temperatures will be at the low end of that range or exceed the range. So, he and a colleague Sarah Raper developed a formula for figuring out how large the temperature increase might be."One of the things we did was that we tried to work out what one would call the fifty-percent confidence interval *. The temperature range that corresponds to fifty-percent probability for warming lies within that range. But the fifty-percent confidence interval is roughly 2.4 to 3.8 degrees Celsius. And what that means is there's a 25 percent probability, or one chance in four, that, by 2100, the warming - the global warming - will exceed 3.8 degrees Celsius." Atmospheric scientist Tom Wigley says he used a computer model that refined the global warming range. The investigators plugged* in several different variables* that might occur throughout the century, such as the emissions of different greenhouse gases, to come up with the narrower range.But another study published in the journal Science challenged the IPCC's prediction that temperature will rise between 1.4 and 5.8 degrees Celsius by 2100. John Reilly is with the global climate change program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. Mr Reilly says the IPCC range contains no uncertainty analysis."It makes a difference whether you think there's a 60-percent chance it'sgoing to rain today or a 30-percent chance it's going to rain today."Mr Reilly says mathematicians at MIT have made some calculations of their own, and come up with a different global warming range.MIT's John Reilly estimates the average rise in global temperatures will be 2.5 degrees Celsius if nothing is done by the end of the century.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.This news report is about different predictions of global warming range by 2100. Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.1)IPCC stands for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a UnitedNations group made up of hundreds of climatologists and geologists from around the world.2)The IPCC concluded that, if greenhouse gases - such as carbon dioxide andmethane - are allowed to continue to migrate into the earth's upper atmosphere unchecked, temperatures near the ground could rise between 1.4 and 5.8 degrees Celsius by the end of this century.3)What policymakers want to know according to Mr Wigley is the likelihood, orprobability that temperatures will be at the low end of that range or exceed the range.4)They conclude that by 2100, the global warming will exceed 3.8 degreesCelsius.5)MIT's John Reilly and his colleagues estimate the average rise in globaltemperatures will be 2.5 degrees Celsius if nothing is done by the end of the century.International Financial Markets1)Policymakers try to stimulate growth through either expansionary monetaryor fiscal policy.2)With the increase in size and mobility of capital internationally, a substantialamount of national debts may be to foreigners, denominated in foreigncurrencies.3)Once the supply of international reserves is threatened, the country'scentral bank may be forced to step aside, allowing the currency todepreciate.4)The domestic economy may weaken severely following the currency crisis, ifother countries have pursued similar macroeconomic strategies, or facesimilar macroeconomic conditions.5)International financial markets impose a powerful disciplining force, muchthe same as stock market investors reward and penalize companies for good and bad performance.An important aspect in the transformation of international financialmarkets comes from the speed, severity*, and scope of market reactions. Policymakers who try to stimulate growth through either expansionary monetary or fiscal* policy must face an external constraint imposed by a pegged* exchange rate or a limit on how much can be borrowed from foreigners. Throughout most of the post-World War II period, imbalances resulting from differences in national economic policies or macroeconomic* performance were slow to develop. Capital mobility was limited, and there was less opportunity for capital flight. At some point, the overstretched country would devalue by 10 percent, 20 percent, or so and the cycle would start again - with no great headlines, no great drop in national income, and no knock-on* effects to neighboring countries.Over the last 10 years, the nature of international financial adjustment has changed. With the increase in size and mobility of capital internationally, a substantial amount of national debts may be to foreigners, denominated in foreign currencies, and in practice these debts are often short-term. As long as foreigners feel confident about the macroeconomic performance of a country, existing short-term debts are rolled over and new capital flows may follow thus furthering the expansion.However, any event that shakes confidence (a corporate failure, a bank failure, a commodity price drop, a political speech, or a scandal) could halt the flow of capital and jeopardize* the rollover* of debt on existing terms. A scenario of this sort triggers* a demand for international reserves, which arein limited supply at the central bank. Once the supply of international reserves is threatened, the country's central bank may be forced to step aside, allowing the currency to depreciate without any assurance of where the next stable anchor will be. We can call this a currency crisis. Because bank debts are in foreign currencies, the devaluation worsens bank balance sheets and banks may be forced to stop lending or call in existing loans to raise cash. Domestic banks are likely to fail if these steps are unsuccessful. Thus, the domestic economy may weaken severely following the currency crisis. If other countries have pursued similar macroeconomic strategies, or face similar macroeconomic conditions, these events underscore the impact that a vast pool of capital may have when it is mobile across borders and denominated in a foreign currency.International financial markets impose a powerful disciplining force - rewarding good policies and outcomes, and penalizing* poor policies and outcomes - much the same as stock market investors reward and penalize companies for good and bad performance. This new international investment climate raises important questions for the pricing of foreign securities and for investors and macroeconomic policies.Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionThe most conspicuous function of money is that it can be used as a means of making payment forgoods and services. In a more scientific term, it is generally accepted as amedium of exchange.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear eachsentence three times.(Refer to Tapescript)Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statementsare true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think thestatement is true or false.1. The speed, accuracy, and scope of market reactions lead to another important aspect Tin the transformation of international financial markets.(An important aspect in the transformation of international financial markets comes from the speed, severity, and scope of market reactions.)2. Through the most of the Second World War, capital mobility was limited. As aFresult, there were hardly any possibilities for capital flight.(Throughout most of the post-World War II period, there was less opportunity forcapital flight.)3. To some degree, the overstretched country -at that time would devalue by at least 10 Tpercent in the circulation of capital.(At some point, the overstretched country would devalue by 10 percent, 20 percent,or so.)-T 4. Over the last decade, the nature of international financial has changed.(Over the last 10 years, the nature of international financial adjustment h~schanged.)T 5. Existing short-term debts can be put off as long as foreigners feel certain about the macroeconomic situation of a country.(As long as foreigners feel confident about the macroeconomic performance of acountry, existing short-term debts are rolled over.)F 6. Any event that shakes confidence could promote the flow of capital.(Any event that shakes confidence could halt the flow of capital.)7. Once the supply of international reserves is threatened, appreciation of the currency Fwill follow.(Once the supply of international reserves is threatened, the country's central bankmay be forced to step aside, allowing the currency to depreciate without anyassurance of where the next stable anchor will be.)8. The disciplining force which rewards good performance and penalizes badTperformance is much alike in international financial markets and stock markets.(International financial markets impose a powerful disciplining force - rewarding good policies and outcomes, and penalizing poor policies and outcomes - much the same as stock market investors reward and penalize companies for good and bad stock market investors reward and penalize companies for good and bad performance.)Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1)Once the supply of international reserves is threatened, the country's centralbank may be forced to step aside, allowing the currency to depreciate without any assurance of where the next stable anchor will be. We can call this a currency crisis. Because bank debts are in foreign currencies, the devaluation worsens bank balance sheets and banks may be forced to stop lending or call in existing loans to raise cash. Domestic banks are likely to fail if these steps are unsuccessful. Thus, the domestic economy may weaken severely following the currency crisis.2)(Open)。
step by step3000第三册unit9答案及原文
Unit 9 ways to TravelPart I Warming upA1. This news item is about Boeing's 18 billion new orders this year for its new 777 jetliner.2. This news item is about possible mergers between airlines.A2Tapescript:1. Boeing, the world's leading commercial airplane maker, announced it has 18 billion dollars in new orders this year for its new 777 jetliner. This figure puts demand for the Boeing aircraft ahead of comparable models produced by rival Airbus of Europe.2. British Airways and Dutch carrier KLM confirm they are in act of merger talks. Swiss Air won approval for taking majority control of Belgium's Sabena Airlines and there was another flurry of take-over discussions among some major American carriers. They come on the heels of number one United Airlines' offer to buy number six U. S. Airways two weeks ago. The nation's number two, American Airlines, and the country's third largest, Delta, have been having what are described as preliminary discussions about a possible combination.American had reportedly been talking with Northwest about a hook up as well. The top three U.S. airlines, United, American and Delta currently control 56 percent of U.S. air traffic. If the mergers go through, they'd control 85 percent.BMonorail1. Monorail systems rely on a very simple technology: rubber-tired cars riding on a narrow concrete guide-way.2. Monorail systems are capable of speeds of 65 miles per hour and offer ride quality comparable to conventional rail transit technologies.3. Monorail systems are safe and more environmentally sensitive than any other elevated transit technology.4. And noise and neighborhood disruption caused by monorail construction are dramatically lower than other forms of mass transit. Maglev1. One of the most exiting recent innovations in railroad technology is magnetic levitation, or Maglev, which relies on the principle of magnetism -- attraction and repulsion.2. This new technology will result in trains that are faster, smoother, more efficient, more comfortable, and more environmentally sound.Light Rail1. Light rail transit is an electric railway system characterized by its ability to operate single cars or multi-car trains along shared or exclusive rights-of-way at ground level,on aerial structures,in subways, or occasionally in streets.2. It is able to board and discharge passengers at station platforms or at street, track,or car-floor level, and is normally powered by overhead electrical wires.3. The maximum speed of light rail trains is normally 60 miles per hour (100 km per hour).4. Passenger capacity of each car in a multiple car consist can be up to as many as 250 passengers (standees included).Tapescript:1. MonorailMonorail systems rely on a very simple technology: rubber-tired cars riding on a narrow concrete guide-way. The cars are self propelled by electric motors with power pickup via distribution bars mounted on the side of the guide-way. Monorail systems are capable of speeds of 65 miles per hour and offer ride quality comparable to conventional rail transit technologies.Monorail systems are safe because the design and nature of monorail systems make it very difficult for trespassers to access the guide-way andpower rails.Monorail systems are more environmentally sensitive than any other elevated transit technology due to the monorail's narrow guide-way structure and quiet rubber tires. Also, since many of the pylon and rail components can be prefabricated elsewhere and then assembled along the routes, the noise and disruption of construction will be kept to a minimum. Thus, noise and neighborhood disruption caused by monorail construction are dramatically lower than other forms of mass transit.2. MaglevOne of the most exiting recent innovations in railroad technology is magnetic levitation, or Maglev, which relies on the principle of magnetism- attraction and repulsion. This new technology, still under development, will result in trains that are faster, smoother, more efficient, more comfortable, and more environmentally sound. No longer will trains rumble heavily along steel rails; rather, they will float along a magnetic cushion without any direct contact with the ground.3. Light RailLight rail transit is an electric railway system, constructed in the 1970s or later, characterized by its ability to operate single cars or multi-car trains along shared or exclusive rights-of-way at ground level, on aerial structures, in subways, or occasionally in streets. It is able to board and discharge passengers at station platforms or at street, track, or car-floorlevel, and is normally powered by overhead electrical wires.In most current settings, light rail is anything but "light" and is built to exacting standards. The maximum speed of light rail trains is normally 60 miles per hour (100 km per hour), while heavy rail trains normally operate at higher speeds. Depending upon the specific system, the distance between light rail stations is shorter than within heavy rail systems, which lends some major advantages to urban settings.Light rail trains operate as either single or multiple car consists. Passenger capacity of each car in a multiple car consist can be up to as many as 250 passengers (standees included).PART IIIn 1888, Boston, Massachusetts, became the first American city to replace horse-drawn trolleys with electric streetcars. Streetcars, which look similar to train passenger coaches, clanged their bells, rattled around the corners and crried almost 14 billion riders at their height in 1920. old photos show overhead vires crisscrossing almost every US city. Then streetcars ridership replaced trolleys steadily as Americans took to automobiles and communities replaced trolleys with buses. But now it seems cities can’t lay streetcars tracks fast enough.So why is the number of US cities running streetcars and other light rail systems now up to 19? Why are 43 other cities building or drawingplans for light rail lines?Dan Tangherlini is acting dicrestor of Wanshington D.C.’s Transportation Department.:Many cities are beginning to re-evaluate that decision to move away from streetcars. We look at current bus ridership members, and many of the routes that have the highest bus ridership were some of our most popular streetcar routes. So there goes the notiong that the buses are providing increased flexibility, at least on those roads. And so maybe there’s something between the very expensive subway systems, which cost between 140 and 200 million dollars a mile and the bus route. And that’s what we’re beginning to ask.Streetcar lines cost less than 10 million dollars a mile to build. Washington is the latest city to announce it is studying the feasibility of bringing back streetcars, even though it already it already enjoys a fast-moving regional subway system called “metro”that runs through several parts of the city.Across country in Washington D.C., Bill Lind works for a conservative think tank called the Free Congress Foundation. The organization has printed several studies supporting light rail transit, including streetcars.“The old rationale for getting rid of the streetcars is that they get in the way of the automobiles. But what we found is that the automobile,generally with one person per car, is probably the least efficient way to use the limited amount of space you have on urban streets. If you’ve got 50 people on board a streetcar, you’re doing a lot better job of making use of the street space you have.”Even if Washington’s transit department gets the green light to bring back streetcars, it’s likely to be at least ten years before Mr. Lind and his neighbor will be riding them. The city has to secure federal funding for a large chunk of the work. Citizens who say they pine for the trolleys may lose their nostalgia when they realize the cars will be jangling past their windows or slowing their automobile rides across town.But across America, streetcars and light rail trains are curiosities no longer. They’re a prestige item, tangible proof that a city is environmentally friendly, on the move, an din touch with the human desire, in the midst of today’s bustle and speed, for a streetcar’s soothing touch of serenity.A: the most popular streetcar routesB: less than 10 million dollars (130-190 million dollars) / between 140 and 200 million dollarsA: the least efficient way to use the limited amount of space on urban streetsB: you’ve got 50 people on board a streetcar.A: federal fundingB: jangle past citizen s’ windowsC: slow the automobiles ridesA: a city is environmentally friendlyB: a streetcar’s soothing touch of serenity.B:I.Above and underground public transit systemsA.traffic jams / congestionB.frustration / discomfort / unhapinessII.Public transportationA.light rail systemsB.a new public trainIII.B. 1. metro systems2. Southeast Asia3. innovative us of public transit buses.IV.Excessive greenhouse gas emissionsB. cleanC. the amount of energy usedTranscript:Today the world’s urban areas hold more than 4 times the population in the 1950’s. traffic is pilling up in nearly every major metropolitan area. In Bangkok, the Capital of Thailand, traffic jams last for hours while the economy loses an estimated 6% of output. Many governments are promoting above and underground transit systems to fight such congestion.The sounds of public transit systems are spreading throughout the world. Urban trains are appearing even in the wide expanses of the western United States, in places like Dallas, a Texas city known for oil riches and big cars.“In Texas, we are not very used to riding a train to travel around the city. But actually, Dallas and Houston have both started light rail systems. It is very popular in both cities.”This is Brewster McCracken, a city council member in the Texas capital, Austin. Its citizen recently voted ofr a new public train similar ot those in Dallas and Houston. Then Sustin plan will use existing railroad tracks already in place throughout the city. What is happening in Texas reflects a growing trend elsewhere in the United States, says William Millar. He’s president of the non-profit American Public Transportation Association. “In the last several years,public transportation in America has undergone a renaissance.”V oters across the United States are supporting public transit systems like the one in Austin. “What is shows is that the public in many places is ready to invest in public transportation.”But a majority of Americans still commute with cars and most transportation funds are spent on building roads. Alan Pisarski is a transportation consultant and author of “Commuting in America.”He says the excitement over public transportation in America is “an expression of people’s frustration. There is a lot of discomfort and unhappiness around the country about congestion and about transportation services in general.”In 1900, many US cities had extensive urban rail systems. But with the arrival of the automobile most of them disappeared by the 1950s. now many cities are returning to with they had 100 years ago.In other countries, riding buses, trains or subways are part of everyday life. “Many, many countries support public transportation to a much greater degree than happens in the United States, particularly in Europe. In other places in the world that are developing cities, there is a tremendous growth of investment in public transit. In China, for example, city after city now is building metro systems. Throughout Southeast Asia, certainly the capital cities, over the last tow or three decades, have built major rail systems. Throughout South America we see not only railsystems being built, but we see some of the most innovative use of public transit buses as anywhere in the world.”Rising levels of pollution from cars is leading to more investment in public transportation. Mike Ashforth is a historian of London’s underground system. He says urban transport can help cities develop without spoiling the environment with excessive greenhouse gas emissions. “The main impact of the underground is that it can reduce the amount of surface transport which in many cities largely depends on the internal combustion engine. The one advantage that electrically delivered urban passenger transport has it that it is relatively clean at the point of delivery. It can also, of course, actually carry far more people in terms of the amount of energy used.”Many analysts say the growth of public transportation does not challenge the automobile but provides another choice to commutes. As a rising number of people want to go to an infinite number of places at any time, public transportation may be the answer.Part IIITapescript:1. EuroRoute is a scheme that operates at much lower running costs than each coast.., er... ten kilometers out from the coast and connect up with a twenty-kilometer submerged concrete tube tunnel made on twoman-made islands in the English Channel. Er... the.., roadways spiral gently down to the level of the tunnel, It's the same principle as the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in the U. S. A., and it ... it's well-researched technology. Thinking ahead to the twenty-first century, er ... I believe that people will prefer, will want to drive across, not queue up waiting for trains.And finally, there are also two separate supplementary rail-only tunnels, and they can take up to 30 high-speed passenger and freight trains in each direction per hour.2. The Channel Expressway is a scheme consisting of two tunnels which carry both road and train traffic. The rails are laid flush with the road surface like tram tracks in the fast lane which is closed to traffic once every half hour for the trains to pass through. Er... really, both the passenger trains and the freight trains are able to use the tunnel, but the freight trains will mostly run during the night when there's less road traffic. There will be special pumps at regular intervals along the tunnel to clean the air and remove the exhaust fumes from it.3. Flexilink is the cheapest and most reliable scheme of them all, really.Ferries, especially the new giant super-ferries are more economical, safer and a lot more flexible than building a tunnel. And they're also friendlier to the environment. For the motorist and the lorry driver, the pleasurable experience of strolling on the deck with time to enjoy a meal and take a relaxing break during the journey is much more pleasant than the claustrophobic sensation of being underground for an hour -- and the idea of, you know, being trapped. Time saved for cars and road freight by building the Channel Tunnel is less than an hour: insignificant saving on journeys of twelve hours or more. There's no doubt that ferries will continue operating in competition with the tunnel, both on the short Channel crossing and on the longer crossings from southern England to France and England to Holland, Belgium, Germany and Scandinavia.Part IV SouthwestColumn A1. The stockholders are mostly interested in the bottom line.2. The successful strategy paid off.3. They have a very distinctive corporate culture.4. You know the saying, "Pride goeth before a fall.'5. Southwest pays dividends by sticking to one strategy.Column Ba. Being too proud and sure of yourself can lead to disasterb. Produced good resultsc. Making money; being profitabled. Continue to hold to one plan of actione. Style of working1-- c 2-- b 3-- e 4-- a 5-- dB.1. What is Kelleher's style?2. How has Kelleher's style influenced Southwest's image?3. What is the main reason for Southwest's success?4. How docs Southwest operate as an airline?5. What are Southwest's concerns about growth?6. How does Kelleher plan to keep the company successful?.C.1, What is Kelleher's business style?Personal / informal / crazy2. In addition to style, what do Southwest stockholders care about? Substance / the company makes profit3. What is the soul of Southwest's existence?Low cost4. What increase in dividends did Southwest stock pay in 1993? Increased 7%5. What has Southwest been compared to?Bus company / cheap and frequent6. What are the composition and purpose of the "culture committee?''60 people / preserve special spirit of Southwest Airlines7. What is Kelleher trying to prevent happening to Southwest? Excessive prideTapescript:Another North American business hard hit in the late eighties and the early nineties is the airline industry. Major carriers have gone into bankruptcy or they've been bought up, while others have cut back operations and lost money. Only one airline reported big earnings in the early nineties: Dallas-based Southwest Airlines. Under the leadership of its charismatic chairman and CEO Herb Kelleher, and his low-cost, low-debt philosophy, Southwest has beaten the odds in the cutthroat game above the clouds.Southwest's image reflects Kelleher's style: personal, informal, and a little crazy. He once arm-wrestled the president of an airline manufacturing firm for the right to use an advertising slogan. Employees are free to dress as they like, even wearing shorts around the company headquarters. Flight attendants were once famous for wearing "hot pants." Southwest's ad Campaigns are clever and brash, and not afraid to make fun of competitors. But stockholders care about substance as well as style. AndSouthwest pays dividends by sticking to one strategy: "Southwest Airlines has been so enormously successful because its low costs enable it to charge low fares.""Low cost is the soul of our existence, and we know it. We spend as much time arguing whether we should spend $25 versus $7 for something as we do whether it should be 25 million versus 23 million.., you know.., for an aircraft."It paid off. For example, at the '93 annual meeting, Southwest declared a stock split and a 7 percent increase in dividends. But that philosophy, says Dallas stockbroker and business analyst David Johnson, grows out of Southwest's unusual place in the transportation business. It's an airline which competes against the car."There's an argument that Southwest Airlines isn't an airline, and it's not in the convention of ... you know ... American, Delta, United... that sort of thing. It's really more like a bus company ... bus company ... in that it's frequent ... it's cheap. The competition is either a couch or ... you know ... ah... a good sturdy Buick. So just from the get-go, it's a quick, efficient airline. But again, it's not a conventional airline."And if Southwest's business is unorthodox, its notion of corporate culture is just as novel. Colleen Barret says employees believe in an identifiable Southwest spirit, which Barret's sixtyperson culture committee seeks to preserve."Now the bigger that we grow, and the more spread out that our system becomes ... and thus the further away from Dallas that our employees are based... I grew increasingly concerned that they wouldn't have a real sense of history. In the beginning, we just hired very spirited people who were warriors, and who banded together. We now make a very concerted effort to hire a very definite-profiled type person, and we probably spend more time on hiring than we do any other single thing at Southwest." "How much of that is an outgrowth of Herb Kelleher's personality?""I think that the personality, the spirit, the culture certainly emanates from Herb, but if Herb were gone tomorrow, I don't think it would stop. And I'm quite comfortable that our employees would.., just.., almost.., up-rise if there were any drastic or dramatic changes. I don't think they'd tolerate it."Herb Kelleher says Southwest is trying to refute almost the entire history of humankind by not letting success lead to the kind of pride which "goeth before a fall" in revenues. And, more often than not, they're doing it with a laugh and one eye on the bottom line."I think that the personality, the spirit, the culture certainly emanates from Herb, but if Herb were gone tomorrow, I don't think it would stop. And I'm quite comfortable that our employees would.., just.., almost.., up-rise if there were any drastic or dramatic changes. I don't think they'd tolerate it."Herb Kelleher says Southwest is trying to refute almost the entire history of humankind by not letting success lead to the kind of pride which "goeth before a fall" in revenues. And, more often than not, they're doing it with a laugh and one eye on the bottom line.。
StepByStep3000英语听力入门3课后练习题含答案
StepByStep3000英语听力入门3课后练习题含答案练习题1.What time does the library close today?A. At 5:30 p.m.B. At 6:00 p.m.C. At 7:00 p.m.2.What is the man’s problem?A. He lost his book.B. He wants to check out a book.C. He needs to renew his library card.3.What is the woman wearing?A. A blue shirt and jeans.B. A red blouse and a skirt.C. A green sweater and pants.4.What is the man doing in the video?A. Cooking dinner.B. Trying to fix a bike.C. Putting together a desk.5.What did John forget?A. His keys.B. His phone.C. His jacket.6.Why did Sarah leave early from the party?A. She didn’t like the food.B. She was feeling sick.C. She had another appointment.7.How does the man feel about his job interview?A. He was nervous.B. He was prepared.C. He was angry.8.Where did the woman park her car?A. In the garage.B. On the street.C. In a parking lot.9.What does the woman want to do?A. Go to the movies.B. Eat dinner.C. Play tennis.10.What is the man’s favorite sport?A. Football.B. Basketball.C. Tennis.答案1.B2.C3.A4.C5.A6.B7.A8.C9.A10. B以上是StepByStep3000英语听力入门3课后练习题的内容和答案，希望对您的听力提升有所帮助。
综合英语3unit9课后练习答案
• 原文：中国拥有丰富的文化遗产，其中包括许多世界著名的古迹和传统艺术形式。 译文：China has a rich cultural heritage, including many world-famous ancient sites and traditional art forms.
词汇选择题答案
固定搭配题答案
答案：B
答案：C
答案：D
答案：A
答案：B 答案：D 答案：C 答案：A
语境理解题答案
中译英答案
• 原文：在过去的十年里，中国经济发展迅速，已经成为全球第二大经济体。 译文：In the past decade, China's economy has developed rapidly and has become the second largest economy in the world.
推理判断题答案
答案：B 答案：C 答案：D 答案：A
词汇题答案
词汇题1答案： C
词汇题2答案： B
词汇题3答案： D
词汇题4答案： A
文章主旨概括
介绍了完形填空练习的答案 提供了正确选项的解析 总结了文章的主题和重要信息 强调了完形填空在英语学习中的重要性
答案：B 答案：C 答案：D 答案：A
• 译文：成就一番伟业的唯一途径就是热爱自己的事业。
• 原文：If you don't design your own life plan, chances are you'll fall into someone else's plan. 译文：如果你不设计自己的生活计划，那么你可能会陷入别人的计划中。
现代大学英语精读3_unit_9课后答案
Lesson 9Pre-class work II2. 1 ) ( 1 ) decoration ( 2 ) exasperation ( 3 ) infuriation (4) mockery(5) floatation (6) loathing (7) stretch (8) strike/stroke2) ( 1 ) im-(in) + press = impress ( press in)(2)op-(against) + press = oppress (press against)(3)de-(down) + press = depress (press down)(4) com-(together) + press = compress (press together)(5)re-(back) + press = repress (press back)(6)ex-(out) + press = express (press out)3) ( 1 ) decoration (2) decorative ( 3 ) managerial/management (4) management(5) unmanageable(6)rolling (7)lingering (8)Occasionally, creativity (9)troublesome (lO)forgefful( 11 ) admiration ( 12)Proportionately (13) impulse, Impulsive (14) exhilaratingMore Work on the Text II Vocabulary1. 1 )to peel the potatoes 2) to decorate the rooms3 )to lift her veil 4) to unbutton the collar5 )to loathe the weather 6) to haunt my memory7) to draw a deep breath 8) to make a grimace9)to give a hint 10) not to breathe a wordll)to stretch one's neck 12)to unfold the map13)to float on the river 14)to plead with her15)to prick up one's ears 16)to ripple in the breeze17 ) to hover over the trees 18) to lay down the apple2. 1 ) hate/loathe 2) unreasonable/absurd/ridiculous 3) unsettled4) learned/well-educated/knowledgeable 5) unfolded/opened 6) tragic/sad 7) vague/unclear8) malancholv 9) discontent/dissatisfied/resentful 10) soohisticated/artful/crafty3．1-5) at, of, out of, up/to, up；6-10) to, with, for, for, up；11-15) out/to/at, out, up, in, on4. l)They all stretched their necks to see what was happening.2)The desert stretches for nearly a hundred miles.3)Take a break. Go and stretch yourself a b..it.4)In front of her was a beautiful stretch of open land.5)He simply loves to hear his own voice. Often he talks for hours at a stretch.6)If you go beyond that limit the economy will collapse.7)One glance at the damaged car, and he knew that it was beyond repair.8)She was then in a terrible fix. She could neither bear him nor leave him.9)If you still can't fix it this time, you will have to bear the consequences.10)He swung his stick at the tiger with all his strength. But the stick snapped and the tiger was unharmed. In his panic, he had hit the tree nearby.11)He only stayed long enough to snap a few pictures.12) "It is none of your business," he snapped.13)He snapped his briefcase to, stood up and said, "Then there's nothing more to be said. "14)He became very curious and began to take the computer apart.15)The two switch knives looked very much alike. The jurors could not tell them apart.16)When the accident happened I was standing only a few meters apart from the car.5. B, B/D, A, D, B, B, C, D6．1)孩子们，规矩点，别乱来。
step-by-step第三册标准答案及原文
step-by-step第三册答案及原文————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：STEP BY STEP 3000 3 答案Unit 1 World News: International RelationsPart I Warming upA Tapescripts:1.The former American Defense Secretary William Perry has recommended a radical change ofpolicy towards North Korea.2.Hundreds of thousands of mothers from across the United States gathered here in WashingtonSunday to push for tougher gun control laws.3.There's been further fighting between Macedonian forces and Ethnic Albanian guerrillasinside the Macedonian border with Kosovo.4. A bomb dropped by the United State's navy aircraft during training in Kuwait has hit a groupof military observers, killing six of them.5.NATO is taking a number of steps to allay growing disquiet about the possible health risksfrom ammunitions containing depleted uranium, which it used in Kosovo and Bosnia.B 1. What is the summit's statement expected to call on UN members?To make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS.2. Which three countries are admitted by ASEAN on Saturday? Burma, Cambodia, and the Laos.3. What happened on Friday about ten miles south of Pearl Harbor?A U. S. nuclear submarine tore through a Japanese fishing vessel, sinking it within minutes.How many people were on the vessel? And how many were missing? 35/9.4. What happened in the West Bank and Gaza?Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunmen have been raiding overnight.5. What are the problems with the nuclear facilities and nuclear plants in Japan?Some nuclear facilities have breached many health and safety laws.More than half of the nuclear plants failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements.Tapescripts:1. With the final declaration on its role in the 21st century, the summit's statement is expected to call on UN members to make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS. More than 150 heads of state and government attended the summit, the largest gathering of world leaders in history.2. The Association of South-East Asian Nations has decided to invite Burma to join its ranks, shrugging off western denunciations of the military regime in Rangoon. ASEAN foreign ministers voted on Saturday to admit Burma, Cambodia, and the Laos.3. The missing, four of them teenagers, were among 35 people aboard a high school fishing vessel from Japan. On Friday, a U.S. nuclear submarine tore through the ship, sinking it within minutes. The USS Greenville, which was not seriously damaged, was performing an emergency surfacing drill when the collision occurred about ten miles south of Pearl Harbor. Coast Guard rescue teams plucked all but nine of the victims from the rough seas.4. Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunman have been raiding overnight in the West Bank and Gaza. The upsurge in violence comes after Israeli attack helicopters targeted and killed a member of an elite Palestinian security force.5. Some nuclear facilities in Japan have breached many health and safety laws. Government inspectors checked 17 nuclear plants. More than half of them failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements. Japanese nuclear regulators have been ordered to crack down following the country's worst nuclear accident in September. Sixty-nine people were exposed to dangerous levels of radiation in the accident.Part II News reportsSummary:This news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as its new non-permanent members of the Security Council. Statements:1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as nonpermanent members of the Security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourthballot.2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates for the second seat for the African and Asian group.3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States--and 10 non-permanent members. Tapescript:The United Nations General Assembly has elected' Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council. The vote follows several weeks of haggling and maneuvering.Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won the required two thirds majority on the first round of balloting. But it took another three rounds of voting to decide on the remaining two regional seats. Contention marked the voting for the second seat for the African and Asian group. The United States lobbied intensely against Sudan, the candidate of the Organization of African Unity. Mauritius, the candidate supported by Washington, won on the fourth round of voting.Ireland easily captured one of the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations on the first ballot. But Norway and Italy campaigned vigorously for the second spot. King Harald of Norway came to New York last week to press the case for his nation's representation on the Security Council for the first time since 1982. Norway also won on the fourth ballot. The new members begin their two-year terms in January. The Security Council is made up of a total of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States -- and 10 non-permanent members. Five non-permanent members are elected totwo-year terms each year.B SummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532. 483. 34. The United States5. Canada6. October 18th7. No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East TimorTapescript:Forty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on this meeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."Ms Heuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor.Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last? 8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?Part III Anti-piracy missionA EU’s Naval OperationThe massive problem: Piracy off Somalia’s waters … 100 ships … 16 ships … more than 350 crew members ….EU’s mission:…6 warships … 3 surveillance planes…• Aim: To deter, to prevent, to protect …• Headquarters: Near London • Duration: At least a yearB Chinese Navy’s Escort Mission against PiracyPrimary mission: … vessels, personnel and cargo, … hit piracy …Target: To protect the ship and personnel passing through the area, … transporting humanitarian materials …Number of crew members:800 incl. 70 soldiers from the Navy’s special forcesDuration of the first phase: Three monthsTime ready to receive protection appeals: Jan. 6Part IV SpeechesExtract 1 (expressing an opinion): I believe that... I believe we should...Extract 2 (paying a tribute): He said to those he touched and who sought to touch him ...Extract 3 (expressing an opinion) -- I have a dream...Extract 4 (expressing an opinion). America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress. Extract 5 (accepting a post): I am profoundly grateful ... for giving me the chance to serve you. (making a promise): I will do everything I can to be worthy of ... I promise you ... that I will ... Tapescript:1. I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult, or expensive to accomplish... But, in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon. If we make this judgment affirmatively, it will be an entire nation ... I believe we should go to the moon. (John F. Kennedy 25/05/1961)2. As he said many times, in many parts of this nation, to those he touched and who sought to touch him: "Some men see things as they are and say 'Why?' I dream things that never were and say 'Why not?'" (Edward M. Kennedy 08/06/1968)3. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day, even the State of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. (Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.28/08/1963)4. America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress. Particularly at this time, with problems we face at home and abroad. To continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication would almost totally absorb the time and attention of both the President and the Congress in a period when our entire focus should be on the great issues of peace abroad and prosperity without inflation at home. (Richard M. Nixon 08/08/1974)5. Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts, for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation. I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you. I will... I will do everything I can to be worthy of your faith and trust and to honor the powerful example of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan ... I promise you tonight that I will reach across party lines to bring progress for all of New York's families. Today we voted as Democrats and Republicans. Tomorrow we begin again as New Yorkers .... (Hillary Clinton 07/11/2000)Unit 2Earth and EnvironmentPart 1Warming upA 1. ...impact of climate change … damage to crops … worse...2. ...2000 delegates …northern Brazil … third United Nations Conference on Desertification.3. ...A huge oil spill … Mexico, ...4. Wildfires … Florida … contained … a week...5. ... Greenland is melting around the edges …50 cubic kilometers raise global sea level ...B 1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”. Part II News ReportsA...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital sign s … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthB Summary… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon. Answers to the questions1.1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India,large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5.To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50 liters8. 500 litersPart III City recyclingA a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1B 130,000 / 80% 2. Plastic / glass / tin cans / newspapers3. Recycle truck pick it up.4. One of community’s recycling centers5. Each weekday6. Conducts tours of the plant7. 3 / 48. Sod to other companies that make them into different products9. Made into new containers 10. One of the top five in the USAUnit 3 World News: Economic DevelopmentsPart I Warming upA 1. Who have been meeting in Hong Kong today to discuss the outlook for the global economy?Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. What does UNCTAD say about the worldwide total of foreign investment?It grew by 40% last Year to more than 600 billion dollars.3. Who has approved a cut in income tax rates?The United States House of Representatives.4. Who has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products? IntelWhat is its plan?To reduce its workforce by5,000.5. What decisions have been made by EU, the U.S. and Canada after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France?EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of livestock.The U.S. and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of animal produce from EU. Tapescript:1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries have been meeting in Hong Kong today. One subject they likely discussed is the outlook for the global economy because of the U. S. slowdown and Japan's struggling recovery. Another topic they may have discussed is how to strengthen financial markets in emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere.2. A United Nations' report says the worldwide total of foreign investment grew by nearly 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars. The report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD says most of it took place between developed countries as big companies took one another over.3. The United States House of Representatives has approved a cut in income tax rates, the first part of a package of tax cutting measures put forward by President Bush. The income taxreductions will amount to nearly 1 trillion dollars over ten years.4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its85,000-strong work force by 5,000.5. The European Union has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France. The United States and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of all animal produce from EU countries.B Foreign exchange rates:1 dollar = 1.733 German marks = 126.9 Japanese yen 1 pound =1.624 dollarsShare IndexDow Jones (up to) 6,783 (+45) London’s 100 (up to) 4,390 (+20) Nikkie closed2. Share Index:Dow Jones 10,116 (+96) Standrd and Poor’s 500 1,254 (+6)NASDAQ: (-1.5%)3. Share Index:Dow Jones 8,094 ( - 66 ) NASDAQ 1,662 (- 3 )FT100 ( -36 ) CAC Quarante ( -33, -1% )DAX ( -1% )4. Most active stocks:Cable and Wireless HKT up $ 0.45 HSBC down $ 0.50Hutchison down $ 0.50 Shanglongkai Property up $ 2.25China Telecom down $ 1.50 Chang Kong down $ 0.25Pacific Century Cyberworlds down $ 0.10CCT Telecom down $ 0.275 New World CyberBase down $ 0.075Hanong Holdings down $ 0.25Gold prices:Hong Kong gold: HK$ 2,670 London gold: US $ 2895. Earnings:Philips Electronics (last year): $ 2.4 billion ($ 300 million)Royal Dutch Shell (4th quarter): $ 3.6 billionElectronic Data Systems (4th quarter): $ 0.70 per share ( $ 0.02 up)Tapescripts:1. The dollar is trading at one German mark seventy-three point three and at 126.9 Japanese yen. The pound buys one dollar sixty-two point four. In New York, the Dow Share Index closed 45 higher at 6,783. Earlier London's 100 Share Index ended 20 higher at 4,390. In Tokyo, the Nikkei Share Index is closed for a holiday.2. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 96 points at 10,116. The Standard and Poor's 500 Index gained 6 points to close at 1,254. But the NASDAQ Index lost 1.5% as high technology and Internet stocks were battered.3. Right now the Dow is down another 66 points at 8,094; the NASDAQ Composite down 3 points at 1,662. Turning to Europe's major markets: London stocks were hit by a wave of profit taking after five straight record closes; the FT 100 Index down 36 points; Paris seeing losses as well, the CAC quarante down 33 points or 1%; and Frankfurt's DAX also fell 1% after briefly moving into record territory.4. The Hang Seng Index closed down 89 points at 3,521. The turnover was 7.71 billion dollars. Now look at the ten most active stocks. Cable and Wireless HKT up 45 cents, HSBC holdings down 50 cents, Hutchison down 50 cents, Shanglongkai Property up $2.25, and China Telecom down $1.50, Chang Kong up 25 cents, Pacific Century Cyberworlds down 10 cents, CCT Telecom down 27.5 cents, New World Cyberspace down 7.5 cents, and Hanong Holdings down 25 cents. The Hang Seng Index future for November and December were all down. Hong Kong gold closed at 2,670 Hong Kong dollars, and London gold is trading at 289 U.S. dollars.5. Consumer electronics maker Philips Electronics reported a lower than expected profit for last year. The company made about $2.4 billion, more than $300 million below estimates. Oil company Royal Dutch Shell posted its earnings. It made roughly a $3.6 billion profit for its fourthquarter. That was essentially in line with Street expectations. Electronic Data Systems also reported its fourth quarter numbers last night. It posted a 70-cent profit per share, two cents better than expectations.Part II News reportsA Summary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup 4 HSBC Banking Company -- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler 1 General Electric Corporation Microsoft 3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list?Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far.Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world. The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are the British-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan. Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of many Internet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.B Summary:This news report gives us a general picture of the U.S. stock market. It also presents some analysts' views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get into the market.Tapescript:U.S. stock prices were mixed on Monday, with the "blue-chips" in a rally mode. But volume was only moderate after a holiday-shortened week last week, showing lingering uncertainty among investors.The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up 75 points, less than one percent, to 10,546. The S & P 500 Index gained 7 points. But the NASDAQ Composite backed off an early rally, taking a loss of almost one percent on weakness in selected technology stocks.The Dow Industrials actually got a boost from their technology components. Shares of Intel traded higher after an analyst said sales growth at the leading computer chip-maker could be stronger than expected. Microsoft stock also edged higher.Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, as the holiday shopping season got underway.However, analysts caution the retail picture is still clouded because many stores offered bargains to attract shoppers. Experts worry that higher oil prices and interest rates will make this a less thanmerry Christmas season for U.S. merchants.The latest on the U.S. economy points to slower growth. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9 percent in October, their second monthly decline.Many analysts think uncertainty over the economy makes it increasingly likely that the major stock averages will close lower for the year. But investment strategist Alan Skrainka says the longer-term looks better."No one can guess what will happen to the market over the next month. But over the long-term, we think the market looks very good. If you're a long-term investor, this is a very good entry point for getting into the market because this is what you've been waiting for. All the fear and uncertainty in the marketplace is setting us up for some very good values in the market."Part III Voice mail may cost company’s businessAJud Jessup (TakeCare HMO): …personalized service…”high service”…getting a recording…efficient…cost effective……individual problems….Stanley Plogue (Plogue Research): …a fourth…let out…voice mail system…given up…Sandy hale (Pacific Bell):… bottom line…costs…more efficient…customer service operations…a valuable tool.B1. T2. T3. F4. F5. T6. F7. F8. T9. T 10. TC3. Five years ago, people were wary of voice-mail.4. TakeCare used a funny voice-mail message in its advertisements.6. V oice-mail decreases contact between customers and companies.7. The problem is not the technology, but the voice-mail menus.Part IV Business jargonA1.…language shorthand….2.…overuse business jargon…a negative effect…3.…a low opinion…management jargon…a third…a lack of confidence…one infive …untrustworthy…cover something up.4.…an effective boss…can easily understand…of management jargon.B1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FC1.blue-sky thinking: imagine new or different ways of doing things2.get our ducks in a row: have everything arranged efficiently3.brain dump: tell everything you know about a particular subject4.think outside the box: be creative in how you think about problems5.the helicopter view: an overview6. a heads up: a warning7.that’s a real no-brainer: that’s simpleUnit 4 World News: Up in SpacePart I Warming upA 1. To Mars / March of next year. 2. Because of a mechanical problem.3. 5 males and 2 females.4. NASA / At the end of September, 83 days after landing.5. To return home at the Kennedy Space Center after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope.B Mir Facts 15 years the Soviet Union, now Russia$ 4.2 billion (for building and maintaining) 10 years (1986 — 1996)135 tons 9,900 cubic feet 63 feet wide and 85 feet long104 cosmonauts, astronauts 46 438 days 747 days, three Mar. 23rd,Part II News reportsA Summary :… the smalle st and most earth-like extra solar planet.Answers to questions:1.About a dozen.2. Five times the mass of the earth.3. A red dwarf.4.Two.5. One is similar to Neptune and the other is 8 times the mass of the earth.B Event : NASA’s 12-year program of Mars • Starting time: 1996• Finishing time: 2008 First installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter / the Pathfinder Lander• Arrival time: 1997 • Mission: To collect and analyze rocksSecond installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Polar Lander / the Mars Climate Orbiter• Launch time:December• Arrival time: Next DecemberMission:a.To inspect for subsurface waterb.To measure the distribution of water vapor, dust and condensatesGrand finale: • Launch time: 2005 • Return time: 2008• Mission: To return soil and rock samples to Earth.Part III Returning to the MoonSummary:… UK’s possible collaboration with China on the Chang’e program.Answers to the questions:1. Four phases2. a. robotic spacecraftb. to return astronauts to the moonc. to set up a permanent space station3. Building of scientific instruments by UK4. Five days5. Thirteen daysUnit 5Part IA11. A successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.2.The discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.3.The possibility of a new way to treat glaucoma.4. A new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinically meaningfuloutcomes.A new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illnessimprove their health.5.The theory and function of acupuncture.A21. A week ago / Parkinson’s disease.2. A natural defense mechanism3.The death of brain cells4.Meeting patients’ psychological needs produces p hysical health benefits.5.Side effects / cut back on medication.1.The world’s leading transplant surgeon, Dr Christopher Bernard, has carried out one ofthe most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has。
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英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 9 ways to TravelPart I Warming up A1.This news item is about Boeing's 18 billion new orders this year for its new 777 jetliner.2.This news item is aboutpossible mergers between airlines.A2Tapescript:BMonorail1.Monorail systems rely on a very simple technology:rubber-tired carsriding on a narrow concrete guide-way.3.Monorail systems are safe and more environmentally sensitive than any other elevated transit technology.4.And noise and neighborhood disruption caused by monorail construction are dramatically lower than other forms of mass transit.MaglevLight Rail1.Light rail transit is an electric railway system characterized by its ability to operate single cars or multi-car trains along shared or exclusive rights-of-way at ground level,on aerial structures,in subways,or occasionally in streets.2.It is able to board and discharge passengers at station platforms or atstreet,track,or car-floor level,and is normally powered by overhead electrical wires.3.The maximum speed of light rail trains is normally 60 miles per hour(100km per hour).4.Passenger capacity of each car in a multiple car consist can be up toasmany as 250 passengers (standees included).Tapescript:1. MonorailMonorail systems rely on a very simple technology:Monorail systems are safe because the design and nature of monorail systems make it very difficult for trespassers to access the guide-way and power rails.2.Maglev3.Light RailLight rail transit is an electric railway system, constructed in the 1970s or later, characterized by its ability to operate single cars or multi-car trains along shared or exclusive rights-of-way at ground level,on aerial structures, in subways, or occasionally in streets. It is able to board and discharge passengers at station platforms or at street,track,or car-floor level, and is normally powered by overhead electrical wires.In most current settings, light rail is anything but "light" and is built to exacting standards. The maximum speed of light rail trains is normally 60miles per hour(100km per hour),while heavy rail trains normally operate at higherspeeds.Depending upon the specific system,the distance between light rail stations is shorter than within heavy rail systems, which lends some major advantages to urban settings.Light rail trains operate as either single or multiple car consists.Passenger capacity of each car in a multiple car consist can be up to as many as 250 passengers (standees included).PART IISo why is the number of US cities running streetcars and other light railsystems now up to 19? Why are 43 other cities building or drawing plans for lightrail lines?Dan Tangherlini is acting dicrestor of Wanshington D.C. Transportation’s Department.:Manycities are beginning to re-evaluate that decision to move away from streetcars.We look at current bus ridership members,and many of the routes that havethe highest bus ridership were some of our most popular streetcar routes. So theregoes the notiong that the buses are providing increased flexibility,at least onthose roads.And so maybe there’ s something between the very expensive subway systems,which cost between 140 and 200 million dollars a mile and the bus route.And that ’ s what we’ re beginning to ask.Streetcar lines cost less than 10million dollars a mile to build.Washington isthe latest city to announce it is studying the feasibility of bring back streetcars,even though it already it already enjoys a fast-moving regional subway system called“ metro” that runs through several parts of the city.Across country in Washington D.C.,Bill Lind works for a conservative think tank called the Free Congress Foundation.The organization has printed several studies supporting light rail transit,including streetcars.“ The old rationale for getting rid of the streetcars is that they get in the way ofthe automobiles.But what we found is that the automobile,generally with one personper car, is probably the least efficient way to use the limited amount of space youhave on urban streets. If you’ ve got 50 people on board a streetcar, youbetter job of making useof the street space you have.”Even if Washington ’ s transit department gets the green light to bring back streetcars, it ’ s likely to be at least ten years before Mr. Lind and his neighbor will be riding them. The city has to secure federal funding for a large chunk of the work. Citizens who say they pine for the trolleys may lose their nostalgia when they realize the cars will be jangling past their windows or slowing their automobile rides across town.But across America, streetcars and light rail trains are curiosities no longer.They ’ re a prestige item,tangible proof that a city is environmentally friendly,on the mov e,an din touch with the human desire, in the midst of today bustle and speed, for a streetcar’ s soothing touch of serenity.A:the most popular streetcar routesB:less than 10 million dollars (130-190 million dollars) / between 140 and 200 million dollarsA:the least efficient way to use the limited amount of space on urban streetsB:you ’ ve got 50 people on board a streetcar.A:federal fundingB:jangle past citizens’ windowsC:slow the automobiles ridesA:a city is environmentally friendlyB:a streetcar’ s soothing touch of serenity.B:I.Above and underground public transit systemsA.traffic jams / congestionII.Public transportationA.light rail systemsB.a new public trainIII.B. 1. metro systems2.Southeast Asia3.innovative us of public transit buses.IV.Excessive greenhouse gas emissionsB. cleanC. the amount of energy usedTranscript:Today the world’ s urban areas hold more than 4 times the population in the 1950 ’ s. traffic is pillingup in nearly every major metropolitan area. In Bangkok,the Capital of Thailand,traffic jams last for hours while the economy loses an estimated 6%of output.Many governments are promoting above and underground transit systems to fight such congestion.The sounds of public transit systems are spreading throughout theworld.Urban trains are appearing even in the wide expanses of the western United States, in places like Dallas, a Texas city known for oil riches and big cars.“ In Texas, we are not very used ridingto a train to travelaround the city. But actually, Dallas and Houston have both started light rail systems.It is very popular inboth cities. ” This is Brewster McCracken,a city council member in the Texas capital, Austin. Its citizen recently voted ofr a new public train similar ot those in Dallas and Houston.Then Sustin plan will use existing railroad tracks already in place throughout the city.What is happening in Texas reflects a growing trend elsewhere in theUnited States,says William Millar.He president’ofs thenon-profit American Public Transportation Association.“ Inthe last several years,public transportation in America has undergone a renaissance.” Voters across the United States are supporting public transit systems like the one in Austin.t is shows “is Whathatthe public in manyplaces is ready to invest in public transportation.”In 1900, many US cities had extensive urban rail systems. But with the arrivalof the automobile most of them disappeared by the 1950s.now many cities arereturning to with they had 100 years ago.In other countries, riding buses, trains or subways are part of everydaylife. “ Many,many countries support public transportation to a much greater degreethan happens in the United States, particularly in Europe.In other places in the worldthat are developing cities,there is a tremendous growth of investment in public transit.In China, for example,city after city now is building metro systems. ThroughoutSoutheast Asia,certainly the capital cities, over the last tow or three decades, havebuilt major rail systems.Throughout South America we see not only rail systems being built, but we see some of the most innovative use of public transitbuses as anywhere in the world.”Part IIITapescript:1.EuroRoute is a scheme that operates at much lower running costs thaneach coast.., er... ten kilometers out from the coast and connect up with a twenty-kilometer submerged concrete tube tunnel made on two man-made islands in theEnglish Channel.Er...the..,roadways spiral gently down to the level of the tunnel,It'sthe same principle as the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in the U.S.A.,and it ...it'swell-researched technology.Thinking ahead to the twenty-first century,er ... I believe that people will prefer, will want to drive across, not que up waiting for trains.And finally, there are also two separate supplementary rail-only tunnels,and they can take up to 30 high-speed passenger and freight trains in each direction per hour.2.The Channel Expressway is a scheme consisting of two tunnels whichcarry both road and train traffic.The rails are laid flush with the road surface like tram tracks in the fast lane which is closed to traffic once every half hour for the trains to pass through.Er...really,both the passenger trains and the freight trains are able to use the tunnel, but the freight trains will mostly run during the night when there's less road traffic. There will be special pumps at regular intervals along the tunnelto clean the air and remove the exhaust fumes from it.3.Flexilink is the cheapest and most reliable scheme of them all, really.Ferries, especially the new giant super-ferries are more economical, safer and a lot more flexible than building a tunnel. And they're also friendlier to the environment. For the motorist and the lorry driver, the pleasurable experience of strolling on the deck with time to enjoy a meal and take a relaxing break during the journey is much more pleasant than the claustrophobic sensation of being underground for an hour -- and the idea of,you know,being trapped.Time saved for cars and road freight by building the Channel Tunnel is less than an hour:Column A1.The stockholders are mostly interested in the bottom line.2.The successful strategy paid off.3.They have a very distinctive corporate culture.4.You know the saying, "Pride goeth before a fall.'5.Southwest pays dividends by sticking to one strategy.Column Ba. Being too proud and sure of yourself can lead to disasterb. Produced good resultsc. Making money; being profitabled. Continue to hold to one plan of actione. Style of working1-- c 2-- b 3-- e 4-- a 5-- dB.1.What is Kelleher's style?2.How has Kelleher's style influenced Southwest's image?3.What is the main reason for Southwest's success?4.How docs Southwest operate as an airline?5.What are Southwest's concerns about growth?C.1, What is Kelleher's business style?Personal / informal / crazy3. What is the soul of Southwest's existence?Low cost4. What increase in dividends did Southwest stock pay in 1993? Increased7%7.What is Kelleher trying to prevent happening to Southwest?Excessive prideTapescript:Dallas-based Southwest Airlines. Under the leadership of its charismatic chairman and CEO Herb Kelleher,and his low-cost,low-debt philosophy, Southwest has beaten the odds in the cutthroat game above the clouds.Southwest's image reflects Kelleher's style:"SouthwestAirlines has been so enormously successful because its lowcosts enable it to charge low fares.""Low cost is the soul of our existence, and we know it. We spend as muchtime arguing whether we should spend $25 versus $7 for something as we do whether it should be 25 million versus 23 million.., you know.., for an aircraft."Herb Kelleher says Southwest is trying to refute almost the entire history of humankind by not letting success lead to the kind of pride which "goeth before a fall" in revenues. And, more often than not, they're doingit with a laugh and one eye on the bottom line.Herb Kelleher says Southwest is trying to refute almost the entire history of humankind by not letting success lead to the kind of pride which "goeth before a fall" in revenues. And, more often than not, they're doingit with a laugh and one eye on the bottom line.。