A Farewell to Arms
浅析《永别了-武器》中主人公的男性气概--文献综述1【范本模板】
浅析《永别了，武器》中主人公的男性气概摘要：《永别了，武器》是海明威早期代表作，被誉为现代文学的经典名篇.此书以海明威根据自己的参战经历,以战争与爱情为主线，描述了美国青年弗雷德里克·亨利在第一次世界大战期间志愿到意大利北部战争担任救护车驾驶员，期间与英国护士凯瑟琳·巴克莱相识相爱的故事。
本文以男性气概为主题，从勇气、意志力、自我控制力、自信、责任心和荣誉感六个角度深入分析主人公亨利的性格特点,以及从他对生活、对战争和对爱情的态度中所体现出来的典型的男性气概。
关键词：《永别了,武器》；欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威；弗雷德里克·亨利；男性气概A Brief Analysis of the Main Character's Manliness inA Farewell to ArmsAbstracts：A Farewell to Arms is one of the representative novels of Hemingway in his early time，which was also praised as a classic masterpiece of modern literature。
According to Hemingway’s own experience of the war，with war and love as the main line，this book talks about the American youth Frederic Henry went to northern Italy volunteered as an ambulance driver during World War I , and the love story between Henry and the British nurse Catherine Barkley. This paper takes manliness as the theme，analyzes Henry's personality from the perspectives of courage，willpower，self-control，self-confidence, responsibility and honor, as well as his attitude to life，war and love.Key words：A Farewell to Arms; Ernest Miller Hemingway；Frederic Henry；manlinessLiterature Review1.Ernest Miller Hemingway and A Farewell to ArmsErnest Miller Hemingway （1899–1961）was an American novelist，short story writer，and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work s between the mid—1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works。
a farewell to arms双重含义的阐释
a farewell to arms双重含义的阐释
《永别了，武器》是美国作家海明威的一部小说，讲述了第一次世界大战期间美国士兵亨利与英国护士凯瑟琳之间的爱情故事。
小说的标题“永别了，武器”有着双重含义，可以理解为战争中的武器告别与爱情中的离别。
首先，从战争的角度来理解，《永别了，武器》的标题传递出战争的暴力与残酷，以及对武器的讽刺。
战争是一场暴力的游戏，而武器是残酷与毁灭的象征。
小说中，作者通过描写战场上的恐怖景象，揭示了战争中人与人之间的残忍、无情和杀戮，这是对战争的痛苦现实的真实体现。
同时，标题中的“永别了”也暗示了人们对战争的厌倦和渴望结束战乱，将暴力与武器留在过去，追求和平与安宁。
其次，从爱情的角度来理解，《永别了，武器》的标题传递出离别之痛与心灵的永恒连接。
小说中的亨利与凯瑟琳之间的爱情充满了火热与痛苦，战争成为了他们之间分离和离别的原因。
在爱人的离别中，他们不得不与武器共处，作为对抗战争的工具。
这种离别沉重地落在他们的心灵上，他们希望和平可以来临，结束痛苦与分离。
在这样的爱情背景下，标题中的“永别了”不仅代表着他们对暴力与战争的告别，也象征着他们心灵深处的联系与相爱不渝。
综上所述，《永别了，武器》的标题既是对战争中的武器和暴力的告别，也是对爱情中的离别和心灵永恒连接的阐释。
小说通过这个标题，向读者传递了对战争的反思与沉思，展现了战争与爱情中的人性矛盾与挣扎。
A Farewell to Arms is one of the American novelist
"Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 –July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his works between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954."After high school he reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star, before leaving for the Italian front to enlist with the World War I ambulance drivers. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms. "A Farewell to Arms is a semi-autobiographical novel written by Ernest Hemingway concerning events during the Italian campaigns during the First World War."The book, which was first published in 1929, is a first-person account of American Frederic Henry, serving as a Lieutenant in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army.A Farewell to Arms describes romance between Henry and a British nurse, Catherine Barkley. It also skillfully contrasts the meaning of personal tragedy against the impersonal destruction wrought by the First World War. Hemingway deftly captures the cynicism of soldiers, the futility of war, and the displacement of populations. Although this was Hemingway's bleakest novel, its publication cemented his stature as a modern American writer.A Farewell to Arms is one of the American novelist Ernest Hemingway’s representative novels, it influences on the development of the 20th century literature, describes the great war in social, emotional and moral aspects of meaning.He and his works have become the hot topic of literary criticism for a long time.Protagonist Lieutenant Frederic Henry, a pure American youth, voluntarily participating in the Italian army and he was wounded in battle. This irrational world disappoints him,but the love between him and Catherine makes his innermost feelings of favor clear.The war urge him to think about his life and the love.So, his attitude of love is changed when he experiences the war .Many researchers have focused on Hemingway’s works and many of them have study about it.At present, the relative researches are mainly on three aspects.They are the themes, the characterization, and the writing style of this novel.First of all, many researchers have made many study about the themes.And also is the most favorite topic about A Farewell to Arms.As we can see ,Hemingway spend his whole life in writing. In his works ,the war ,death and dauntless person are hispopular themes. A study led by Liu Bin (2006) claimed that the author wishes world’s peace by describing Henry and Catharine’s t ragic fate. The author shows the antiwar spirit through some descriptions of unique scene. Shi Caixia (2001) claimed that the two paragraphs in the very beginning of the novel show the soldier’s melancholy antiwar sentiment. Although these two paragraphs are regarded as a background description, they reveal the author’s emotional foundation and those characters tragic fate. Wei Chunhong (2008) claimed that the author displays the antiwar topic through the description of some main character’s tragic fate.Some descriptions including language and action in this novel clearly show the anti-war spirit, such as the famous ant paragraph and some other descriptions.Secondly, the writing style of Hemingway’s works is widely imitating by the writers all over the world. Liu Bin (2006) said that the works of Ernest Hemingway emphasize symbolism. The symbol of A Farewell to Arms caused by a kind of subtle and repeated suggestions. More specifically, the descriptions about sky, land and people are the perfect show of Hemingway’s symbolism.Chen Yanping (2007) emphasized that another excellence of this novel that lies in Hemingway's language, style and skills are acclaimed by the public. Hemingway uses a telegraphic language, both concise and subtle. Every sentence, every word must be the expression of multiple meaning. Wang Songqiang (2008) claimed that Hemingway took inhibition narrative technique in describing the character. He rarely traced back to the characters’ life experience, he just wrote something straight in front of him, make the point and focus.The last but not at least, the characterization in Hemingway’s work is greatly appreciated. Ni Fang (2008) claimed that in Hemingway's works, the most fascinating and deeply moving characters are those code heroes who fight against melancholy. With their perseverance and amazing energy, they jump into deadly confrontation fight with a hostile world. They have shown some common characteristics: strong and resolute, courageous and just, and with no fear to face suffering and death. No matter how serious the situation will be they are showing the grace under pressure.All in all, these researchers views on A Farewell Arms are very valuable and helpful for my study.A Farewell to Arms is viewed in the world of literary criticism as aromantic tragedy of love, but the author of this paper would like to say it is also about the tragedy of war. Hemingway's anti-war feelings and his pessimistic and escapist sentiments about life become stronger in this novel than in his first narrative The Sun Also Rises. In addition, A Farewell to Arms presents more vividly before us a picture of the ruthlessness and pointlessness of war. The characters in the book share the familiar notes of the author's loneliness, alienation, and disillusion.In my paper , I will analyze the changes of Henry’s attitude towards love . And I will describe the four steps of this story in detail.Finally, after going through the test of battle, what Hemingway is longing for is exactly the peace of the whole world. The role literature plays is to wake up and shape the goodness deeply hided in human beings. So he lifts the banner of literature, hoping to wake up the good qualities in human. He wants this book ----A Farewell to Arms stop the collapse of the world.By this paper people will better understand the war's influence on love and love the peace.。
永别了，武器（AFarewellToArms）ErnestHemingway英文文字..
永别了，武器(A Farewell To Arms) Ernest Hemingway英文文字版A FAREWELL TO ARMS by Ernest HemingwayFlyleaf:The greatest American novel to emerge from World War I, _A Farewell toArms_ cemented Ernest Hemingway's reputation as one of the most importantnovelists of the twentieth century. Drawn largely from Hemingway's ownexperiences, it is the story of a volunteer ambulance driver wounded on theItalian front, the beautiful British nurse with whom he falls in love, and theirjourney to find some small sanctuary in a world gone mad with war. By turnsbeautiful and tragic, tender and harshly realistic, _A Farewell to Arms_ is oneof the supreme literary achievements of our timeCopyright 1929 by Charles Scribner's SonsCopyright renewed 1957 by Ernest HemingwaySCRIBNER1230 Avenue of the AmericasNew York, NY 10020This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters,and incidents either are products of the author's imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual events or locales or persons,living or dead, is entirely coincidentalAll rights reserved including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in anyformISBN 0-684-83788-9A FAREWELL TO ARMSBOOK ONE1 In the late summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that lookedacross the river and the plain to the mountains. In the bed of the river therewere pebbles and boulders, dry and white in the sun, and the water was clearand swiftly moving and blue in the channels. Troops went by the house anddown the road and the dust they raised powdered the leaves of the trees. Thetrunks of the trees too were dusty and the leaves fell early that year and wesaw the troops marching along the road and the dust rising and leaves, stirredby the breeze, falling and the soldiers marching and afterward theand white except for the leaves The plain was rich with crops; there were many orchards of fruit trees andbeyond the plain the mountains were brown and bare. There was fighting inthe mountains and at night we could see the flashes from the artillery. In thedark it was like summer lightning, but the nights were cool and there was notthe feeling of a storm coming Sometimes in the dark we heard the troops marching under the windowand guns going past pulled by motor-tractors. There was much traffic at nightand many mules on the roads with boxes of ammunition on each side of theirpack-saddles and gray motor trucks that carried men, and other trucks withloads covered with canvas that moved slower in the traffic. There were bigguns too that passed in the day drawn by tractors, the long barrels of the gunscovered with green branches and green leafy branches and vines laid over thetractors. To the north we could look across a valley and see a forest of chestnuttrees and behind it another mountain on this side of the river. There wasfighting for that mountain too, but it was not successful, and in the fall when therains came the leaves all fell from the chestnut trees and the branches werebare and the trunks black with rain. The vineyards were thin and bare-branched too and all the country wet and brown and dead with the autumn. There were mists over the river and clouds on the mountain and thetrucks splashed mud on the road and the troops were muddy and wet in theircapes; their rifles were wet and under their capes the two leather cartridge-boxes on the front of the belts, gray leather boxes heavy with thepacks of clips of thin, long 6.5 mm. cartridges, bulged forward under the capesso that the men, passing on the road, marched as though they were six months gone with child There were small gray motor cars that passed going very fast; usuallythere was an officer on the seat with the driver and more officers in the backseat. They splashed more mud than the camions even and if one of the officers in the back was very small and sitting between two generals, hehimself so small that you could not see his face but only the top of his cap andhis narrow back, and if the car went especially fast it was probably the King. Helived in Udine and came out in this way nearly every day to see how thingswere going, and things went very badly At the start of the winter came the permanent rain and with the rain camethe cholera. But it was checked and in the end only seven thousand died of it inthe army2 The next year there were many victories. The mountain that was beyondthe valley and the hillside where the chestnut forest grew was captured andthere were victories beyond the plain on the plateau to the south and wecrossed the river in August and lived in a house in Gorizia that had a fountainand many thick shady trees in a walled garden and a wistaria vine purple onthe side of the house. Now the fighting was in the next mountains beyond andwas not a mile away. The town was very nice and our house was very fine. Theriver ran behind us and the town had been captured very handsomelymountains beyond it could not be taken and I was very glad the Austriansseemed to want to come back to the town some time, if the war should end,because they did not bombard it to destroy it but only a little in a military wayPeople lived on in it and there were hospitals and caf ? and artillery up sidestreets and two bawdy houses, one for troops and one for officers, and with theend of the summer, the cool nights, the fighting in the mountains beyond thetown, the shell-marked iron of the railway bridge, the smashed tunnel by theriver where the fighting had been, the trees around the square and the longavenue of trees that led to the square; these with there being girls in the town,the King passing in his motor car, sometimes now seeing his face and littlelong necked body and gray beard like a goat's chin tuft; all these with thesudden interiors of houses that had lost a wall through shelling, with plasterand rubble in their gardens and sometimes in the street, and the wholegoing well on the Carso made the fall very different from the last fall when wehad been in the country. The war was changed too The forest of oak trees on the mountain beyond the town was gone. Theforest had been green in the summer when we had come into the town but nowthere were the stumps and the broken trunks and the ground torn up, and oneday at the end of the fall when I was out where the oak forest had been I saw acloud coming over the mountain. It came very fast and the sun went a dullyellow and then everything was gray and the sky was covered and the cloudcame on down the mountain and suddenly we were in it and it was snow. Thesnow slanted across the wind, the bare ground was covered, the stumps oftrees projected, there was snow on the guns and there were paths in the snowgoing back to the latrines behind trenches Later, below in the town, I watched the snow falling, looking out of thewindow of the bawdy house, the house for officers, where I sat with a friendand two glasses drinking a bottle of Asti, and, looking out at the snow fallingslowly and heavily, we knew it was all over for that year. Up the river themountains had not been taken; none of the mountains beyond the river hadbeen taken. That was all left for next year. My friend saw the priest from ourmess going by in the street, walking carefully in the slush, and pounded on thewindow to attract his attention. The priest looked up. He saw us and smiledMy friend motioned for him to come in. The priest shook his head and went onThat night in the mess after the spaghetti course, which every one ate veryquickly and seriously, lifting the spaghetti on the fork until the loose strandshung clear then lowering it into the mouth, or else using a continuous lift andsucking into the mouth, helping ourselves to wine from the grass-coveredgallon flask; it swung in a metal cradle and you pulled the neck of the flaskdown with the forefinger and the wine, clear red, tannic and lovely, poured outinto the glass held with the same hand; after this course, the captaincommenced picking on the priest The priest was young and blushed easily and wore a uniform like the restof us but with a cross in dark red velvet above the left breast pocket of his graytunic. The captain spoke pidgin Italian for my doubtful benefit, in order that Imight understand perfectly, that nothing should be lost "Priest to-day with girls," the captain said looking at the priest and at meThe priest smiled and blushed and shook his head. This captain baited him often "Not true?" asked the captain. "To-day I see priest with girls.""No," said the priest. The other officers were amused at the baiting "Priest not with girls," went on the captain. "Priest never with girls," heexplained to me. He took my glass and filled it, looking at my eyes all the time,but not losing sight of the priest "Priest every night five against one." Every one at the table laughed. "Youunderstand? Priest every night five against one." He made a gesture andlaughed loudly. The priest accepted it as a joke "The Pope wants the Austrians to win the war," the major said. "He lovesFranz Joseph. That's where the money comes from. I am an atheist.""Did you ever read the 'Black Pig'?" asked the lieutenant. "I will get you a copy. It was that which shook my faith.""It is a filthy and vile book," said the priest. "You do not really like it.""It is very valuable," saidthe lieutenant. "It tells you about those priestsYou will like it," he said to me. I smiled at the priest and he smiled back across the candle-light. "Don't you read it," he said "I will get it for you," said the lieutenant "All thinking men are atheists," the major said. "I do not believe in the FreeMasons however.""I believe in the Free Masons," the lieutenant said. "It is a nobleorganization." Some one came in and as the door opened I could see the snowfalling "There will be no more offensive now that the snow has come,"I said "Certainly not," said the major. "You should go on leave. You should go toRome, Naples, Sicily--""He should visit Amalfi," said the lieutenant. "I will write you cards to myfamily in Amalfi. They will love you like a son.""He should go to Palermo.""He ought to go to Capri.""I would like you to see Abruzzi and visit my family at Capracotta," said thepriest "Listen to him talk about the Abruzzi. There's more snow there than hereHe doesn't want to see peasants. Let him go to centres of culture andcivilization.""He should have fine girls. I will give you the addresses of places in NaplesBeautiful young girls--accompanied by their mothers. Ha! Ha! Ha!" The captainspread his hand open, the thumb up and fingers outspread as when you makeshadow pictures. There was a shadow from his hand on the wall. He spoke again in pidgin Italian. "You go away like this," he pointed to the thumb, "andcome back like this," he touched the little finger. Every one laughed "Look," said the captain. He spread the hand again. Again the candle-light made its shadows on the wall. He started with the upright thumb and named intheir order the thumb and four fingers, "soto-tenente the thumb, tenente firstfinger, capitano next finger, maggiore next to the little finger, and tenentecolonello the little finger. You go away soto-tenente! You come backsoto-colonello!" They all laughed. The captain was having a great success withfinger games. He looked at the priest and shouted, "Every night priest fiveagainst one!" They all laughed again "You must go on leave at once," the major said "I would like to go with you and show you things," the lieutenant said "When you come back bring a phonograph.""Bring good opera disks.""Bring Caruso.""Don't bring Caruso. He bellows.""Don't you wish you could bellow like him?""He bellows. I say he bellows!""I would like you to go to Abruzzi," the priest said. The others wereshouting. "There is good hunting. You would like the people and though it iscold it is clear and dry. You could stay with my family. My fatheris a famoushunter.""Come on," said the captain. "We go whorehouse before it shuts.""Good-night," I said to the priest "Good-night," he said3 When I came back to the front we still lived in that town. There were manymore guns in the country around and the spring had come. The fields weregreen and there were small green shoots on the vines, the trees along the roadhad small leaves and a breeze came from the sea. I saw the town with the hilland the old castle above it in a cup in the hills with the mountains beyond,brown mountains with a little green on their slopes. In the town there weremore guns, there were some new hospitals, you met British men and sometimes women, on the street, and a few more houses had been hit by shellfire. Jt was warm and like the spring and I walked down the alleyway of trees,warmed from the sun on the wall, and found we still lived in the same houseand that it all looked the same as when I had left it. The door was open, therewas a soldier sitting on a bench outside in the sun, an ambulance wasby the side door and inside the door, as I went in, there was the smell of marblefloors and hospital. It was all as I had left it except that now it was spring. Ilooked in the door of the big room and saw the major sitting at his desk, thewindow open and the sunlight coming into the room. He did not see me and Idid not know whether to go in and report or go upstairs first and clean up. Idecided to go on upstairs The room I shared with the lieutenant Rinaldi looked out on the courtyardThe window was open, my bed was made up with blankets and my thingshung on the wall, the gas mask in an oblong tin can, the steel helmet on thesame peg. At the foot of the bed was my flat trunk, and my winter boots, theleather shiny with oil, were on the trunk. My Austrian sniper's rifle with its bluedoctagon barrel and the lovely dark walnut, cheek-fitted, schutzen stock, hungover the two beds. The telescope that fitted it was, I remembered, locked in thetrunk. The lieutenant, Rinaldi, lay asleep on the other bed. He wokeheard me in the room and sat up "Ciaou!" he said. "What kind of time did you have?""Magnificent."We shook hands and he put his arm around my neck and kissed me "Oughf," I said "You're dirty," he said. "You ought to wash. Where did you go and what didyou do? Tell me everything at once.""I went everywhere. Milan, Florence, Rome, Naples, Villa San Giovanni,Messina, Taormina--""You talk like a time-table. Did you have any beautiful adventures?""Yes.""Where?""Milano, Firenze, Roma, Napoli--""That's enough. Tell me really what was the best.""In Milano.""That was because it was first. Where did you meet her? In the CovaWhere did you go? How did you feel? Tell me everything at once. Did you stayall night?""Yes.""That's nothing. Here now we have beautiful girls. New girls never been tothe front before.""Wonderful.""You don't believe me? We will go now this afternoon and see. And in thetown we have beautiful English girls. I am now in love with Miss Barkley. I willtake you to call. I will probably marry Miss Barkley.""I have to get washed and report. Doesn't anybody work now?""Since you are gone we have nothing but frostbites, chilblains, jaundice,gonorrhea, self-inflicted wounds, pneumonia and hard and soft chancresEvery week some one gets wounded by rock fragments. There are a few realwounded. Next week the war starts again. Perhaps it start again. They say soDo you think I would do right to marry Miss Barkley--after the war of course?""Absolutely," I said and poured the basin full of water "To-night you will tell me everything," said Rinaldi. "Now I must go back tosleep to be fresh and beautiful for Miss Barkley."I took off my tunic and shirt and washed in the cold water in the basinWhile I rubbed myself with a towel I looked around the room and out the。
A Farewell to Arms(课堂PPT)
(friends)
Catherine Barkley (British nurse) 11
An analysis of Henry
• 1.The attitude of war : • From full-hearted （满腔热
情）to disgustful（深恶痛绝） • 2.The attitude of life : • From taking the life as a
• 《老人与海》
7
A Farewell to Arms
• a semi-autobiographical novel
• a first-person account of American Frederic Henry
• The title is taken from a poem by 16th-century English dramatist George Peele.
• its publication cemented his stature as a modern American writer.
• 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.
• It was first adapted to film
Main Works
• The Sun Also Rises (1926):
• 《太阳照常升起》
• A Farewell to Arms (1929):
• 《永别了，武器》
• For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940):
• 《丧钟为谁而明》
• The Old Man and the Sea (1952):
A Farewell to Arms永别了武器英语读后感400字
A Farewell to Arms永别了武器英语读后感400字Novels can basically be divided into two parts, one is written on the battlefield, and the other is written by Henry and Catherine. As for the war scenes, because there are many geographical nouns in the novel, plus geopolitical unfamiliar, it is not for the time being. In spite of this, a novel or to allow readers to feel the cruelty of war is boring strike the eye and rouse the mind. For example, when Henry was injured and returned to the rear, Hemingway described a simple scene of a soldier's dripping when he died, such as the killing of a compatriot at the time of a large retreat. A driver of Henry, who felt he had not killed an enemy on the battlefield, collapsed a British man to boast of the day; the Italy gendarmerie shot the loss of the Ministry. The officers of the team were almost arbitrary, and they were all Italian.In those years, we always had all the things we didn't want to happen to him. The two groups, even more ambitions, went into a lot of people. They did not know what the war was. They hatedhim but obedient to him. They all defaults to live well after the war, but most of them defaults that the war was going to take his life. In such a situation of being submitting to killing, they fought hard.In the work of farewell to arms, Hemingway spoke frankly and openly about his stand against the war. He is not like others trying to create a strong war scene, he only respect the facts, and the victims of every war; in life we have to have the spirit of Hemingway, in fact, to prove the mistake, do not see the people, no own opinion, and finally only backwardness and absurdity.Destiny is in your own hands, do not blindly bleed, do not sacrifice meaninglessly, recognize yourself, life will go far, and it will be worth living. Keep clear mind every day and develop towards the direction of life.版权作品，未经《99作文网》书面授权，严禁转载，违者将被追究法律责任。
A Farewell To Arms
The real peace (憧憬和平）
I
think the real peace is friendly and everyone respects each other.The violence is not the only way to solve problems.We have only one world,we live in the same planet which is called Earth.So we have the duty to organize a big family which concludes different kinds of people such as white,black and yellow.
A Farewell To Arms (再见了，武器！）
Author:Hemingway（海明威） Main Characters:Henry And Catherine
The first part(参军负伤）
The main character is Henry Who is American young teenager.He is ready to take part in the First World War. Unfortunately,he gets hurt in a war.
The fourth part(远离战争）
After that,he starts finding Catherine.At that moment,Catherine is having a good holiday in the side of the nation.They have a wonderful day!As the Italian police try to arrest them,they have no choice but to hide side in Switzerland.In Switzerland,they get together and have a happy daily life.
afarewelltoarms中文版.
永别了，武器欧内斯特.海明威Ernest Hemingway第四十一章Page 1有一天早晨，我三点钟左右醒来，听见凯瑟琳在床上翻来覆去。
“你好吗，凯特？”“有点痛，亲爱的。
”“是不是有规则的阵痛？”“不，不太有规则。
”“要是有规则的话，我们上医院去。
”当时我很困，就又睡着了。
过了一会儿，我又醒过来。
“你最好还是打电话给医生吧，”凯瑟琳说。
“我想这次也许是真的了。
”我打电话找医生。
“每次疼痛相隔多少时间？”医生问。
“多少时间痛一次，凯特？”“大概是一刻钟一次吧。
”“那么应当上医院去了，”医生说。
“我穿上衣服，马上就去。
”我挂断了，另打个电话给车站附近的汽车行，叫一部出租汽车。
好久没人来接电话。
最后，总算有个人答应即刻开部车子来。
凯瑟琳正在穿衣服。
她的拎包已经收拾好，里边放着她住院的用品和婴孩的东西。
我到外边走廊上去按电铃喊电梯。
没有回音。
我走下楼去。
楼下一个人都没有，只有一个夜班警卫员。
我只好自己开电梯上去，把凯瑟琳的拎包放进去，她走进电梯，我们便朝下开。
警卫给我们开了门，我们走出去，坐在通车道的台阶旁的石板上，等汽车来。
夜空无云，满天星星。
凯瑟琳很兴奋。
“我真高兴，这可开始了，”她说。
“过一会儿，一切就会过去的。
”“你是个勇敢的好姑娘。
”“我不害怕。
不过我倒希望汽车早一点来。
”我们听见车子在街上开来，看见车前灯的灯光。
车子转入车道，我扶凯瑟琳上了车，司机把拎包放在前面的座位上。
“往医院开，”我说。
我们出了车道，开始上山。
到了医院，我们走进去，我提着拎包。
有个女人坐在一张桌子边，她在一本簿子上写下凯瑟琳的姓名、年龄、地址、亲属、宗教信仰等等。
她说她没有宗教信仰，那女人就在那个词后边的空白处打了一条杠子。
她报的姓名是凯瑟琳·亨利。
“我带你到你的房间去，”她说。
我们乘电梯上去。
那女人停了电梯，领着我们走下一条走廊。
凯瑟琳紧紧地抓住我的胳臂。
“就是这房间，”那女人说。
“请你脱衣服上床吧？这里有件睡衣给你换。
美国文学A Farewell to Arms
An analysis of Catherine
1.The consciousness of love: Love should be life standards 2. The consciousness of life: Life should be bright and wisdom
An analysis of Rinaldi :
Rain
Serving as a potent symbol of the inevitable [in'evitəbl] disintegration of happiness in life. Catherine infuses the weather with meaning as she and Henry lie in bed listening to the storm outside. As the rain falls on the roof, Catherine admits that the rain scares her and says that it has a tendency to ruin things for lovers.
novel’s fundamental argument that war offers more opportunities for senseless loss and destruction than for glory and honor. most characters remain ambivalent(矛盾) about the war, resentful of the terrible destruction it caused, doubtful of the glory it supposedly brought.
A farewell to arms
A Farewell to ArmsThis is a love story.A sentimental but move love story.This novel draws heavily on Hemingway's experiences as a young soldier in Italy.Henry volunteers to be a soldier so he is sent to Italy. Catherine Barkley is a nurse in the war. Her fiance died in the war. They met and gradually, they fall in love with each other. However, as the war raged on, Henry has to return to battlefield.War is never merciful. Henry is wounded.His leg is hurt badly so he is sent to field hospital. A few days later,he meets Catherine by chance. They have a great time in Milano. Sometimes they go for a short trip or ship on the lake. They are happy.Time flies. Henry is cured. He must return to battlefield. At the same time, Catherine is pregnant. Henry doesn’t go but no choice.Finally, Henry and other soldiers are absent from duty. Unfortunately, they are found and sentence to death. Henry sees them to be shot. He doesn’t want to died like that. Then, he jumps into the river at a right time. The river is cold but colder heart. He muses:“everything ends,farewell, war!”He thinks he could enjoy a happy life with Catherine.The end of story, in Switzerland, their child is born dead, and Catherine dies shortly after due to hemorrhages. Henry exiles in a foreign land.In the novel, Henry’s attitude to war has three stages.Stage one, Henry thinks he is a outsider of the war. Although, he is a soldier of Italy, he thinks he is far away from the war. At the beginning of the novel, Henry drinks, chats, dates with girl. It likes a traveler travels around the world. The only different is Henry is in uniform. Even when he injures because of war, he still thinks he is a outsider.Stage two, Henry begins to suspect the war. Henry is call up to the front. Unfortunately, Italy fails this assault. They wanna withdraw. On the way of withdrawing, Aymo, Henry’s friend, is killed accidentally by Italian. Henry can’t understand. They help Italian to fight, however, Italian kill them. He doesn’t know why Aymo died in a foreign land. He volunteer to be a soldier. He has nothing to dowith the war. In that case, Henry escapes.Stage three, Henry hates war. War never lets off anyone involved. Henry comes back to Catherine, luckily, Catherine is pregnant. The young couple dream the future and forget the war temporarily.However, as i said war never lets off anyone involved. Their child is born dead, and Catherine dies shortly after due to hemorrhages. Henry loses everything. He wounded for war. He fought for war. Why war so cruel to him? In the end of the novel, Henry knows the ruthlessness of the war and he hates the war.People often say, “Beauty is equal to the death of beauty.” In this novel, the most beautiful thing is love between Henry and Catherine. When the love is broken, i never feel it is beautiful but cruel. I see cruel of the war.That’s Hemingway wants to tell us.War is never merciful.张晶英语12-322120627简析永别了武器中亨利对战争态度转变的阶段及其原因一，亨利态度的三个变化阶段1旁观者2怀疑3反战二，亨利态度转变的原因1.外部原因1.1战争的胶着1.2战争的持续1.3好友死于友军误伤2.内部原因2.1在战争中受伤2.2遇到真爱2.3真爱死于难产A Brief Analysis of Henry’s Mental Journey in A Farewell to Arms----Three Stages of Henry’s Attitude to War and Its ReasonsThis paper mainly discusses Henry’s mental journey, which is Henry’s changing process and its reasons. It consists of two parts: Three Stages of Henry’s Attitude to War. The reasons of his changing.1.Three Stages of Henry’s Attitude to War1.1 Innocence—Think himself as an outsiderS tage one, Henry thinks he is a outsider of the war. Although, he is a soldier of Italy, he thinks he is far away from the war. At the beginning of the novel, Henry drinks, chats, dates with girl. It likes a traveler travels around the world. The only different is Henry is in uniform. Even when he injures because of war, he still thinks he is an outsider.In the novel, there are two characters who hold totally different attitudes to war----The priest and the officers (other roommates of Henry)When Henry goes to leave, the priest emerging as a modest, tolerant, sensitive and kind man who invites Henry to his visit his family.However the officers urge Henry to spend hi leaving onpursuing joy and sex. Henry inclines the later which is immediate sensual pleasure, cynical and faithless. In this stage, Henry is immature and innocence. He has a clear idea about war that is he is an outsider of the war.1.2S keptical----Thinking about the meanings of the warS tage two, the war is not a fun. Henry begins to suspect the war after experiencing the chaos of the battle and the cholera. He is call up to the front. Unfortunately, Italy fails this assault. They want to withdraw. On the way of withdrawing, Aymo, Henry’s friend, is killed accidentally by Italian which is allies. Besides, escaped soldiers will be killed and will endanger his family members.Henry can’t understand. It differs from what Henry thought. In Henry’ mind this war should be the represent of liberty and the humanity. That is why he volunteered to be a soldier. Now the honor of being a soldier is gone, Henry begins to think about the war. Finally he finds the answer.1.3 Anti-war---Farewell to ArmsStage three, Henry hates war. War never lets off anyone involved. Henry comes back to Catherine, luckily, Catherine is pregnant. The young couple dream the future and forget the war temporarily.However, as i said war never lets off anyoneinvolved. Their child is born dead, and Catherine dies shortly after due to hemorrhages. Henry loses everything. He wounded for war. He fought for war. Why war so cruel to him? In the end of the novel, Henry knows the ruthlessness of the war and he hates the war.。
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Helen Ferguson (Scottish nurse)
(friends)
Catherine Barkley (British nurse)
An analysis of Henry
• 1.The attitude of war : • From full-hearted （满腔热 情）to disgustful（深恶痛绝） （ • 2.The attitude of life : • From taking the life as a game to pursuing love • 3.The attitude of setback and misfortune: • From hard fight（艰辛斗争） （ 辛斗争） to aimless （漫无目标） 漫无目标
A Farewell to Arms
A Farewell to Arms works on
two literary levels
• Firstly it is a story concerning the drama and passion of a doomed romance between Henry and British nurse, Catherine Barkley. • secondly, it also skillfully contrasts the meaning of personal tragedy against the impersonal destruction wrought by the Great War.
An analysis of Catherine
• 1.The consciousness of love: Love should be life standards • 2. The consciousness of life: • Life should be bright and wisdom
Life journey
• a reporter • an ambulance driver in France and in the Italian infantry • a correspondent for the Toronto Star • a correspondent on the loyalist side. • awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. • committed suicide by shooting himself.
Chapter XLI
Main idea of the last chapter:
• In the novel's final chapter, Frederic Henry takes Catherine Barkley to the hospital, where she experiences a protracted and agonizing th. First the baby dies, having choked on its umbilical cord. Then, as a result of multiple hemorrhages, Catherine dies as well.
A Farewell to Arms ----Ernest Hemingway
Contents
• Ernest Hemingway • A Farewell to Arms • Conclusion
Brief introduction Character analysis Chapter XLI analysis
The Old Man and the Sea (1952):
《老人与海》 老人与海》
• a semi-autobiographical novel • a first-person account of American Frederic Henry • The title is taken from a poem by 16th-century English dramatist George Peele. • its publication cemented his stature as a modern American writer. • 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. • It was first adapted to film in 1932
iceberg theory
1. If a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A writer who omits things because he does not know them only makes hollow places in his writing. --Ernest Hemingway in Death in the Afternoon . 2. In his writing the facts float above water; the supporting structure and symbolism operate outof-sight .By presenting a very ordered surface for the reader, the reader is able to examine the chaos and complexity with a fairly clear head
Ernest Hemingway
• Ernest Miller Hemingway was an American novelist、 writer and journalist. • "the Lost Generation.“ “ • He received the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 for The Old Man and the Sea, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.
Main Works
• • • • • • • •
The Sun Also Rises (1926):
《太阳照常升起》 太阳照常升起》
A Farewell to Arms (1929):
《永别了，武器》 武器》
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940):
《丧钟为谁而明》 丧钟为谁而明》 而明
Text analysis ----Simple language [语言简单凝练]
conversation-style[对话型]P235
• • • • • • • • • "Are you all right, Cat?" "I've been having some pains, darling." "Regularly?" "No, not very." "If you have them at all regularly we'll go to the hospital.“ “你好吗，凯特？ “有点痛，亲爱的。” “是不是有规则的阵痛？” “不，不太有规则。”“要是有规则的话，我们上医院 去。”
Writing features
• characterized by economy and understatement • His protagonists are typically stoical men who exhibit an idea described as "grace under pressure • Hemingway's fiction usually focuses on people living essential, dangerous lives • literary style ,influenced by Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein , is direct, terse, and often monotonous, yet particularly suited to his elemental subject matter. • Hemingway referred to his style as the iceberg theory
Writing features in chapter XLI
• It’s told in the first person, in the ’ past tense, like a memory • It reflects Hemingway's central theme about the horrific world: "But they killed you in the end. You could count on that. Stay around and they would kill you." • The novel also ends in the same atmosphere of sterility and death with which it began. • It is ironic