专题——疑问词的用法

【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：疑问词的用法二. 具体过程（一）疑问代词的用法1）疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。

疑问代词有下列几个：指人：who, whom, whose指物：what既可指人又可指物：which2）疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。

what, which, whose还可作限定词。

试比较：疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的？What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？限定词：Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的？What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？说明1：无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和what 所指的范围不同。

what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？说明2：whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：Who（m）did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）Who（m）are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置于句首）To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置于介词后，不能用who取代。

）说明3：疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句末，例如：For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）What are you looking for?你在找什么？（现代英语）说明4：疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：I can’t make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。

Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。

（二）疑问副词1. 疑问副词是：问何时、何地、如何、因何的副词, 主要有when, where, how, why。

2. 疑问副词用在句首。

3. 疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。

4. 疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语,在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。

5. 疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。

（三）疑问词的几个用法：A why？的含义是“为什么”：Why was he late？He missed the bus.他为什么迟到了？他没赶上公共汽车。

B when？的含义是“什么时候”：When do you get up？7a. m.你平常什么时候起床？早晨7点。

C where？的含义是“什么地方”：Where do you live？In London. 你住在哪儿？住在伦敦。

D how？的含义是“怎么样”：How did you come？I came by plane. 你是怎么来的？我是乘飞机来的。

How do you start the engine？You press the button.怎样启动发动机？按这个按钮。

how还可有以下用法：1. 与形容词连用How strong are you？你有多大劲儿？How important is this letter？这封信的重要性有多大？2. 与much和many连用：How much（money）do you want？你需要多少钱？How many（pictures）did you buy？你买了多少幅（画）？3. 与副词连用：How fast does he drive？他开得有多快？How often do you go abroad？你多长时间出一次国？How badly was he hurt？他伤得怎么样？How soon can you come？你多快能赶来？注意How is she？（她身体怎么样？）询问的是她的健康状况，而What is she like？（她长得什么样？）询问的是她的外貌。

（参见第58节C。

）不要把How are you？（你身体怎么样？）和How do you do？（您好！）搞混。

当两个人被介绍认识时，双方都说How do you do？这只是一句问候语而不是真的提出一个问题。

（四）反意疑问句反意疑问句的句型结构是:“陈述句+附加问句”。

附加问句部分与陈述句部分在人称、时态和数等方面须一致,而且“前否后肯,前肯后否”。

在做反意疑问句改写时应特别注意下列情况:1. 陈述句部分的主语是one时,附加问句部分主语正式场合用one,非正式场合用he。

例如:One should do one’s best for the work, shouldn’t one（he）?One must do one’s duty, needn’t one（he）?2. 陈述句部分是I’m...时,附加问句部分常用aren’t I?例如:I’m twelve, aren’t I?I’m a good driver, aren’t I?3. 陈述句部分是there be时, 附加问句部分也要用there。

例如:There is some milk in the bottle, isn’t there?There are many people in the park on Sunday, aren’t there?4. 陈述句部分以let’s开头时,附加问句部分要用shall we;若以let us开头时,附加问句部分要用will you?例如:Let’s have a break, shall we? Let us stop here, will you?5. 陈述句部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody, somebody等不定代词时,附加问句部分可用he,也可用they。

例如:Everyone knows his own language, doesn’t he? Everybody enjoyed the film, didn’t he/they?6. 陈述句部分有never, none, nothing, no等否定词或few, little, hardly 等半否定词时,附加问句部分要用肯定形式。

例如:You never read this novel, do you? Few people can live to 150, can they?7. 当陈述句部分是一个含有从句的主从复合句时,附加问句部分的形式要看主句,其主语及动词都要与主句保持一致。

例如:He says she is a good teacher, doesn’t he? They said the teacher had left, didn’t they?但当主句是I think, I believe等结构时,附加问句部分形式要看从句。

例如:I think she is all right now, isn’t she? I don’t believe he is here, is he?8. 陈述句部分是祈使句的否定形式时,附加问句部分常用will you? 例如:Don’t make any noise, will you?（五）like 的用法：（1）like作动词时，意为“喜欢”。

常见用法有以下两种：①“like + 名词/ 代词”表示“喜欢某人或某物”。

例如：She likes her students very much. 她非常喜欢她的学生。

This is my computer. I like it a lot. 这是我的电脑，我非常喜欢它。

②like doing sth.和like to do sth.都表示“喜欢做某事”。

like doing sth.着重于习惯、爱好；like to do sth.着重于某次具体的行为或动作。

例如：I like reading, but I don’t lik e to read this evening.我喜欢看书，但今晚我不想看。

（2）like作介词时，意为“像；跟……一样”，其后接名词或代词作宾语。

例如：The little boy looks like his father. 那个小男孩看上去像他的父亲。

Don’t do it like that. 这件事别那么做。

特殊用法（1）Would you like sth. / to do sth.? “你想要……吗？”；“你愿意做……吗？”。

口语中用来表示客气地征询意见或建议、邀请、请求等。

例如：Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？Would you like to come to my birthday party?8. The book on the shelf is . She wrote name on its cover .A .hers; her ;herself B. her; hers; herselfC. herself; her; hersD. her; herself; herself9. “Don’t worry . There’s much wrong with you.” said the doctor.A. nothing B .everything C. something D .very10. These shoes are too small. You may buy some ____ shoes.A .anotherB .otherC .the others D. others11. I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner , but ____ of them came .A .another B. other C .the others D .others12. They are ____ the same size , so you may take ____ half of the cake.A. at; eachB. in; both C .at; neither D .in; either13. Betty and John have come back , but ____ students in the class aren’t here yet.A. the other B others C. another D. the others14. Your mother is kindness ____.A .itself B. herself C. oneself D .himselfand tried to go to sleep.A few minutes later he heard the bell again. Mr. Lee jumped out of bed very quickly and rushed to the door. He opened it, but again he found no one there. He closed the door and tried not to feel angry. Then he saw a piece of paper on the floor. He picked it up. There were some words on it : “It is now after midnight（午夜）, so it is April Fool’s Day （愚人节）. April fool to you!”“Oh , it was the English boy next door!” Mr. Lee exclaimed （惊叫）and almost smiled. He went back to bed and feel asleep at once. The bell did not ring again.1. When did Mr. Lee go to bed?He went to bed _______.A. before twelve o’clockB. after twelve o’clockC. when the bell rangD. when he saw the boy2. Why did he rush to the door when he heard the bell ring the second time?A. He wanted to open the door for the visitorB. He wanted to find out who the visitor was.C. He was afraid of the ringD. He was waiting for someone.3. From this passage, we learn that we can _______ on April Fool’s Day.A. say “Hello” to each otherB. dance and sing at nightC. play jokes on each otherD. send presents to children4. What did Mr. Lee think about the English boy?He thought he _________.A. was a good boyB. was friendly with himC. shouldn’t ring the bell at midnightD. did a dangerous thing just now阅读理解（二）Babies love chocolate and sometimes they also eat the paper around it. My cat enjoys a meal of good, thick paper, old letters, for example. She does not like newspapers very muchOf course, the best paper comes from wood. Wood comes from trees, and trees are plants. Vegetables and fruit are plants, too, and we eat a lot of them. So can we also eat wood and paper?Scientists say, “All food comes in some way from plants.” Well, is that true? Animals eat grass and grow fat. Then we eat their meat. Little fish eat little sea-plants, then bigger fish swim along and eat the …Chickens eat bits of grass and give us… Think for a minute. What food does not come from plants in some way?Scientists can do wonderful things with plants. They can make food just like meat and cheese. And they can make it without the help of animals. It is very good food, too. Now they have begun to say, “We make our paper from wood. We can also make food from wood. The next thing is not very difficult.” What is the next thing? Per haps it is—food from paper. Scientists say, “We can turn paper into food. It will be good, cheap food, too, cheaper than meat or fish or eggs.”So please keep your old books and letters. （Don’t feed [喂] your cat.）One day, they will be on your plate, if what scientists say may come true.1. The writer asks us to keep our old books and letters because _______.A. they are useful for readingB. They may be used to feed catsC. We can make food from them soonD. we can read them at breakfast2. From the passage （段落），we can infer（推断）that _______ do not come from plants in some way.A. few kinds of foodB. meat and fishC. cheese and chickenD. wood and paper【试题答案】1~5 CACCB 6~10 CAAAB11~15 DDABD 16~20 ACBCB21~25 CBCDA（一）1. A. 此题是一道细节题，文章第一自然段的前三个句子就告诉了此题的答案。