牛津高中英语M3U2 Grammar usage 3.pptx
主语是不定式，用it做形式主语
a. (correct) To master a foreign language is hard. (preferable) It is hard to master a foreign language. b. (correct) To gain access to the Internet is important for us. (preferable) It is important for us to gain access to the Internet.
Homework
• Do C2 on page 100 • KKL P44 二, P45Байду номын сангаас二
Find the real subject of each sentence.
It is important for us to learn English well today. It is important that we should learn English well. It is no use asking him for help.
Page 31 Exercise A
(2) It requires a good understanding of their behavior to know what they mean. (3) It always puzzles me why my dog barks in certain ways. (4) It won’t be difficult to buy a machine like this.
当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将 从句______ 后置 ，而用it作为形式主语置于句首。
总结 归纳：
Preparatory subject it
形式主语it 通常情况下，当句子的主语很长（是从句, 动词不 定式或动名词短语时），我们一般用it作形式主语， 让句子结构更加平衡，避免头重脚轻。形式主语it 在语法上起到主语的作用，而句子的真正的主语则 在句尾。
常用用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋ 名词（a fact/ an honor…） ＋ 从句/ to do sth. eg.没来参加你的婚礼很遗憾。 It is a pity that I didn’t attend your wedding. (2) It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句/to do sth. It is natural/strange that… 很自然…/很奇怪的是… (3) It ＋be+ 过去分词 ＋ 从句 It is reported that… 据报道… It has been proved that… 已证实… It is said/thought/suggested that… 据说/人们认为/建议… (4)It’s useless (no use, no good, no harm, a waste of time) + doing sth. 做某事没有用（没有用，没有好处，没有害处，浪费时间）
（4）当seem, appear, happen, turn out 和prove 在句子中作 谓语动词时，经常使用形式主语it。 It seems that…=Sb/sth+seems + to do sth. It happens that sb/sth …= Sb/sth happens to do sth. It appears that sb/sth… = Sb/sth. appears to do sth. It turns out that sb/sth…= Sb/sth turns out to do sth. It proves that sb/sth…=Sb/sth proves to do sth. （不定式为to be+形容词, to be常常省略） a.He seems to speak two languages. It seems that he speaks two languages. b. Practice proves to be more important than theory. It proves that practice is more important than theory.
规则：what引导名词性从句，除了表示“什么”，还可以表 “„„的东西或事情”；“„„的人或的样子” （身份或地位）
名词性从句的语序
名词性从句中，除了连接词要提到句首之 外，一律要用陈述句语序。 His brother asks _________________ when he will go to the library . ……他什么时候去图书馆 I don’t know what is the matter \the trouble\ wrong with him.
Page31 Exercise B
2. It happens that several racial groups live in Singapore. 3. It is fun to hear different people speaking different languages all at the same time.
Module 3 Unit 2 Grammar and usage
Homework checking
• • • • • • • • •
1.how 2.What 3.whether 4.What 5.whoever 6.how 7.what 8.that 9.why
Could you show me _____ how I can reach the station? 我们就是这样克服困难的. how we overcame the difficulties That was ____ where he has gone. I have no idea ______ 这就是我不同意的地方. where I disagree . This is _______ 这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因. why she got up so early this morning. This is _____
名词性从句的时态
1. He said that he will go to the station. would . 2. Our physics teacher once told us that light travels __________ （ travel ） faster than sound. 3. Tom says that Mary ____ went (go) abroad last year and has been (be) there for nearly 5 months. _________
常用的6个动词：
think, believe, make, find, consider, feel + it +形容词或名词+不定式 短语/动名词短语/宾语从句 我们认为每天锻炼至少一小时很有必要。（consider） We consider it necessary to do sports for at least an hour.
4. It is certain that I’ll see you next week.
用it 作形式宾语的结构
We think it important that we learn a foreign language.
We consider it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
规则：Wh-疑问词引导表语从句时，它们通常不含有疑问 意义，而是分别体现具体的地点、时间、原因和方式。
What he said at the meeting astonished 1.______ everybody present. what he was. 2. He is no longer _____ what 3. A modern city has been set up in _____was a wasteland ten years ago. 4. After ______ what seemed hours he came out with a bitter smile.
主语是动名词（v-ing），可以it做形式主语 但是用v-ing做主语更好。 a. (correct) It is difficult to stop smoking. = ( preferable) Smoking is difficult to stop. b. (correct) It takes a lot of my time travelling to Beijing. = (preferable) Travelling to Beijing takes up a lot of my time.
主语是从句，用it做形式主语 a. (correct) That languages borrow words as they are developing is inevitable.= (preferable) It is inevitable that languages borrow words as they are developing. b. (correct) Whether “borrowed words” are good or bad remains a question.= (preferable) It remains a question whether “borrowed words” are good or bad.
总结 归纳：
a.主句的动词用过去时，从句谓语动词用过去的某种时 态 b.主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚 语等 ，从句谓语动词用一般现在时 c.主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选 用各种时态
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牛津高中英语模块3第2单元语法M3U2Grammar
Preparatory subject it 形式主语 it
大家好
Preparatory subject it 形式主语it
当句子主语很长（是从句, 不定式或动名词时）， 我们一般用it作形式主语，避免头重脚轻。
形式主语it在语法上起主语作用，而句子真正主语 则在句尾。
大家好
More handsome ! 大家好
大家好
‘Borrowed words’----good or bad? • What we should do about the increasing number of
‘borrowed words’ in our vocabulary is something that deserves careful thought. 我们该对于母语词汇中数量增长的外来词如何应对是 值得好好思考的事情。
大家好
However, there is an organization to make decisions like this in France. (6) How French will be used is decided by a government department.
make decisions 做出决定 He’s really bad at making decisions.
2. What you said makes me more confident. subject clause 主语从句
3. My question is why you don’t understand it. predicative clause 表语从句
4. I don’t know the fact that he is a soldier. appositive clause 同位语从句
大家好
Preparatory subject it 形式主语it
当句子主语很长（是从句, 不定式或动名词时）， 我们一般用it作形式主语，避免头重脚轻。
形式主语it在语法上起主语作用，而句子真正主语 则在句尾。
大家好
More handsome ! 大家好
大家好
‘Borrowed words’----good or bad? • What we should do about the increasing number of
‘borrowed words’ in our vocabulary is something that deserves careful thought. 我们该对于母语词汇中数量增长的外来词如何应对是 值得好好思考的事情。
大家好
However, there is an organization to make decisions like this in France. (6) How French will be used is decided by a government department.
make decisions 做出决定 He’s really bad at making decisions.
2. What you said makes me more confident. subject clause 主语从句
3. My question is why you don’t understand it. predicative clause 表语从句
4. I don’t know the fact that he is a soldier. appositive clause 同位语从句
牛津高中英语模块三Unit3Grammar课件
Example: "She read the book quickly, which was a relief to her exhausted brain." (Adverbial clause modifies the meaning of the verb "read.")
05
Summary and Review
Learning objectives
To improve students' understanding of English grammar
rules and their application in written and spoken language.
To develop students' ability to analyze complex sentences and
常见关联词
that, what, who, which 等。
Attributive clause
定义
Attributive clause（定语从句）是修饰名词或代词的从句，通常 放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例子
The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（我从图书馆借的那本书很有趣。）
• Example: "The book, which was written by John Smith, was highly praised by critics." (Noun clause provides background information about the book.)
How to use attributive clauses in writing
高中英语 1-3模块-3单元 Grammar and usage课件 牛津版必修3
More practice with an object compliment:
------What do you think about Harry Potter? ------I find it v_e_ry_i_n_te_re_s_ti_ng__/ a_n_i_n_te_re_s_ti_ng__bo_o_k_.
▪ Situation one
------ Which language can I use to write the speech? ( in English / in Chinese )
------ You can write the speech either in English or in Chinese.
eg: The inspector shot the drug-dealer dead.
(= The drug-dealer was shot dead by the inspector.)
▪Situation two
------ What do you think about her performance? ------ We consider that her performance is a big success.
5. Nobody but Jane and Mary __B____ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
Homework 1. Finish off the exercise on P48.
2. Finish off the exercise on P49. 3. Finish off the exercise on P51.
译林牛津版高中英语M3U2 Grammar and Usage教学课件 (共22张PPT)
D.who it is
6.The photographs will show you
.
A.what does our village look like
B.what our village looks like
C.how does our village look like
D.how our village looks like
7.What the doctors really doubt is recover from the serious disease soon. A.when B.if C.whether D.why
my mother will
1.Finish the exercises in Page 28-29. 2. Finish exercises on page 1-4 of the workbook.
7. I have some doubt __w_h_e_t_h_e_r he will win. 8. I have no doubt __th_a_t____ he will win.
解题技巧：
关联词选择：
1）当从句不缺少成份时，要根据句意选that， whether，if, as if (as though)
Brainstorming: what words can be used as conjunctions to introduce noun clauses? 1. 从属连词：that ,whether /if (句子结构完整)
2. 连接代词：（9个）
whom (whomever) ,who (whoever) , whose which (whichever) , what(whatever) （从句中缺少主、宾、表、定语）
牛津译林版高中英语必修二Unit 3 grammar(共32张PPT)
10. No sooner had we got there than it __b_e_g_a_n______ (begin) to rain.
Another amazing person —Amelia Earhart
What happened to her?
• Read the notes about Amelia Earhart on Page 49. • Complete the story on Page 49.
The usage of the past perfect
① I had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
② They had hoped to be able to come and see you.
总结三: 动词 think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend
Step 3 Group work & Expansion
The usage of the past perfect
Upon their entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo, was swallowed by a snake.
过
去 将
would
/
should
do
来
时
进行
am / is / are doing
was / were doing
will / shall be doing
完成
完成进行
has / have done
has / have been doing
Another amazing person —Amelia Earhart
What happened to her?
• Read the notes about Amelia Earhart on Page 49. • Complete the story on Page 49.
The usage of the past perfect
① I had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
② They had hoped to be able to come and see you.
总结三: 动词 think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend
Step 3 Group work & Expansion
The usage of the past perfect
Upon their entering the tomb, Carter’s lucky pet bird, which he had left in Cairo, was swallowed by a snake.
过
去 将
would
/
should
do
来
时
进行
am / is / are doing
was / were doing
will / shall be doing
完成
完成进行
has / have done
has / have been doing
最新m3u2grammar教学讲义ppt课件
What’s your first impression of him? I want to know.
I want to know what your first impression of him is. object clause 宾语从句
How did Alice respond to Tom’s proposal(求婚)? I have no idea.
Object Clauses
连接代词和连接副词都可以引导宾语从句。
e.g. This book will show you _w_h_a_t_t_h_e__b_e_s_t_C_E_O__s_k_n_o_w__. 最好的首席执行官了解什么
e.g. I’m curious about _w_h__ic_h__y_o__u_w__il_l_b_u__y_, a LG or an Apple. 你会买哪一个
√ northerners are saying.
×
Southerners find it difficult northerners saying.
to
understand
what
are
Noun Clauses Introduced by Question Words
2. Question words can’t be left out in noun clauses in any cases, because they act as certain sentence elements(成分) in the clauses.
Object Clauses
Compare the two sentences:
e.g. Could you tell me when you graduated? e.g. He told me when he graduated.
新牛津译林版高中英语模块三 Unit 2 Grammar and usage 课件+练习
How can I make a grammar lesson interesting? =
I have no idea how I can make a grammar lesson interesting. appositive clause 同位语从句
Attention:
1. We change the word order in a clause
King Henry VII was a poet who showed great concern for language. He set a standard for ______ how people were to speak English, but today who can make a decision like that ______ is anyone’s guess.
after a question word into that of a
statement.
2. We cannot leave out the question
words in noun clauses in any cases.
Answers
Part A. 1. O 2. S 3. P 4. O 5. P
words to introduce noun clauses: what, which, who/whom, whose, when, where, why and how.
We can use a question word to introduce a noun clause. The clause can function as the subject, object or predicative of the sentence.
牛津译林版高中英语Module 2 Unit 3 Grammar and usage教学课件
2.The news came as no surprise to me, for I _____ of it earlier. A. hear B. heard C. have heard D. had heard
Usages of past perfect tense
1. We use the simple past tense to talk about a past action. When we want to talk about something that happened at an even earlier time in the past, we use the past perfect tense.
I finished my homework this morning. I went to the museum.
I ________ had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.
4. We often used the past perfect tense with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for and already.
Explorer Robert Ballard ⑻ _____________ had searched (search) for the Titanic for more than 20 year before he found it. ‘When new technology was used developed, we ⑼________(use) it to send cameras down into the sea. Finally, we found the ship .’ With his cameras, he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which had caused (10)______________(cause) it to fill with water and sink.
Usages of past perfect tense
1. We use the simple past tense to talk about a past action. When we want to talk about something that happened at an even earlier time in the past, we use the past perfect tense.
I finished my homework this morning. I went to the museum.
I ________ had done my homework this morning before I went to the museum.
4. We often used the past perfect tense with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as, until, since, by, for and already.
Explorer Robert Ballard ⑻ _____________ had searched (search) for the Titanic for more than 20 year before he found it. ‘When new technology was used developed, we ⑼________(use) it to send cameras down into the sea. Finally, we found the ship .’ With his cameras, he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which had caused (10)______________(cause) it to fill with water and sink.
新译林牛津高中英语必修二U3L3 Grammar and usage 课件
Please accept my apologies. I thought the order would be complete by now but there’s been a delay at the factory.
Was/Were going to do and would do can be used to introduce apologies. It can introduce an excuse or explanation of why an event didn’t happen as planned.
Was/Were doing can also be used to describe an action in the future from the perspective of some point in the past. This happens especially with verb such as go, come, start, leave and arrive.
Unit 3 Festivals and customs
Grammar and usage
Various forms of future in the past
Step 1 Perceiving the rules
Read the following sentences and focus on the tense in each of them.
I __w_a_s_a_b_o_u_t _to_r_e_p_o_rt_ him missing when he walked through the door.
It was announced that the president ___w_a_s_t_o_v_is_i_t __ (visit) Thailand in July.
Was/Were going to do and would do can be used to introduce apologies. It can introduce an excuse or explanation of why an event didn’t happen as planned.
Was/Were doing can also be used to describe an action in the future from the perspective of some point in the past. This happens especially with verb such as go, come, start, leave and arrive.
Unit 3 Festivals and customs
Grammar and usage
Various forms of future in the past
Step 1 Perceiving the rules
Read the following sentences and focus on the tense in each of them.
I __w_a_s_a_b_o_u_t _to_r_e_p_o_rt_ him missing when he walked through the door.
It was announced that the president ___w_a_s_t_o_v_is_i_t __ (visit) Thailand in July.
牛津高中英语 模块三Unit3 Grammar 课件.ppt
3、定冠词the + adj.（或过去分词）结 构作主语，表示一类人，谓语动词常 用复数形式，如：the brave, the poor,
the blind, the sick, the unemployed等
e.g. The rich are to help the poor.
The old are more likely to catch cold than the young.
近
原
• Are neither you nor I fit for the job？
则
• Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film.
• Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you.
___ my desk-mate can enjoy it.
1.由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only....but also...
Not…but…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在
单复数上保持一致。
就 2. 由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语通常和最邻 近的主语保持一致。
Unit3 Back to the past
Grammar and usage
What do you call your English teacher?
What do you think of your English teacher?
• We call our English teacher …
• The team has some good players. • The team are handsome.