跨文化交际翻译作业
跨文化交际
1. He’s just a green recruit fresh from college.缺乏经验的；不成熟的；幼稚的
翻译：他是个刚从大学毕业征召入伍的新兵。
2.I tried to call her many times but she was in a brown study and didn’t hear me.
深思，出神a state of deep absorption or thoughtfulness
翻译:我叫了她好几声，但她一直在沉思当中，并没有听见我的声音。
3. One day, out of the blue, a girl rang up and said she was my sister. 忧郁；沮丧；悲伤翻译：某天，出乎意料地，一个女孩给我打电话说她是我妹妹。
4. The new office block has unfortunately become an expensive white elephant.
累赘物，摆设物
翻译：这座新的办公楼步行地成了昂贵的摆设。
5.Mary was always regarded as t he black sheep of the family.
害群之马，败类，败家子
翻译：Mary总是被认为是败家子。
6. You’d better do something to prove you’re not yellow. 胆怯的
翻译：你最好做出点什么来证明你不是胆小鬼。
7.Can you see the green in her eyes? Green: adj. 由强烈感情影响的；嫉妒的。
翻译：你能看出她眼中的嫉妒之情吗？。
(完整版)跨文化交际英文版
munication is a dynamic, systematic process in which meanings are created and reflected in human interaction with symbols.2.Culture: The deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, meanings,hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.3.Acculturations: occurs when a society undergoes drastic culture change under the influence of a moredominant culture and society with which it has come in contact.4.Intercultural communication:It is communication between people whose cultural perceptions andsymbols are distinct enough to alter the communication event.5.co-culture: when talking about groups or social communities exhibiting communication characteristics,perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices that are significantly different enough to distinguish them from the other groups, communities, and the dominant culture.nguage is an organized, generally agreed on, learned symbol system used to represent theexperiences within a cultural community.7.Perception: the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and information to create ameaningful picture of the world.8.Value: is an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally orsocially preferable to another.9.Culture patterns: refers to both the conditions that contribute to the way in which a people perceiveand think about the world, and the manner in which they live that world.10.Collectivism:is characterized by a rigid social framework that distinguishes between in-groups andout-groups.11.Masculinity: is the extent to which the dominant values in a society are male oriented and associatedwith ambitions, differentiated sex roles, achievements, acquisition of money and signs of manliness. 12.A high-context (HC) communication or message is one in which most of the information is either inthe physical context or internalized in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the massage. A low-context (LC) communication is just the opposite; i.e., the mass of information is vested in the explicit code.13.Context: the information that surrounds an event; it is inextricably bound up with the meaning of thatevent.14.World view is a culture’s orientation toward God, humanity, nature, questions of existence, theuniverse and cosmos, life, moral and ethical reasoning, suffering, death, and other philosophical issues that influence how its members perceive their world.15.Argot is a more or less private vocabulary peculiar to a co-cultural group, and a group must have anargot if it is to be considered a co-culture.16.Nonverbal communication involves all those nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that aregenerated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver.17.A learning style is a particular way that an individual receives and processes information.18.Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes our experiences and guidesour behavior toward a group of people.19.Culture shock: when we are thrust into another culture and experience psychological and physicaldiscomfort from this contact we have become victims of culture shock.20.Ethnocentrism: the belief that one’s culture is primary to all explanations of reality.21.Seven characteristics of culture affect communication: learned, transmitted from generation togeneration, based on symbols, dynamic, integrated, ethnocentric, adaptive.22.Belief: our conviction in the truth of something. Learned and subject to cultural interpretation andcultural diversity.23.Individualism:refers to the doctrine, spelled out in detail by the seventeenth. The single mostimportant pattern in the US.24.Hofstede’s Value Dimensions:four parts: individualism-collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, powerdistance, and masculinity and femininity.25.Culture differs in their attitudes toward: individualism and collectivism, uncertainty avoidance,power distance, masculinity and femininity, human nature, the perception of nature, time, activity, relationships, context, formality and informality, assertiveness and interpersonal harmony.26.Religious Similarities: sacred writings, authority, traditional rituals, speculation, ethics.27.Five religious orientations: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism.28.the family we are born into the family of orientation and take a spouse the family of procreation.29.problems of translation and equivalence：vocabulary or lexical equivalence, idiomatic and slangequivalence, grammatical-syntactical equivalence, experiential-cultural equivalence, conceptual equivalence.30.The use of argot reflects a co-culture’s need to have a language that permits them to 1.sharemembership,2. participate in their social and cultural communities,3. identify themselves and their place in the universe, 4. communicate with one another about their own social realities.31.Functions of communication: repeating, complementing, substituting, regulating, contradicting.32.The study of how movement communicates is called kinesics. Kinesic cues are those visible bodyshifts and movements that can send messages about 1.our attitude toward the other person 2. our emotional state 3. our desire to control our environment.33.Eyes serve six communication functions: 1. indicates degree of attentiveness, interest, and arousal 2.help intiate and sustain intimate relationships 3. influence attitude change and persuasion 4. regulate interaction 5. communicate emotions 6. define power and status relationships 7. assume a central role in impression management.34.kinds of vocalizations: vocal characterizers, vocal qualifiers, vocal segregates.。
跨文化交际翻译练习
跨文化交际翻译练习Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. People in Paris eat snails, but people in San Diego put poison on them. Why? People in Tabriz or Tehran sit on the floor and pray five times each day, but people in Las V egas stand up all night in front of slot machines. Why? Some people speak Tagalog, others speak English. Why? Some people paint and decorate their entire bodies, but others spend millions of dollars painting and decorating only their faces. Why? The general answer to these questions is the same. People learn to think, feel, believe, and strive for what their culture considers proper. People respond to the world through the messages they receive, but it is culture that determines, to a large extent, the form, pattern, and content of those messages. Culture also determines the content and conformation of the messages we send. This omnipresent quality of culture leads Hall to conclude that “there is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.” In many ways, Hall is correct: culture is everything and everywhere. And more importantly, at least for our purposes, culture and communication work in tandem. In fact , they are inseparable: it is often difficult to decide which is the voice and which the echo.2. There are six barriers to communication----anxiety, assuming similarities instead of differences, ethnocentrism, stereotypes and prejudice, nonverbal misinterpretations and language problems. Anxiety is feeling nervous, which can affect communication when you focus so much on your own feelings that you do not pay attention to what other people are telling you. If you are speaking to someone in your second language,you may worry that the other person may speak too fast or will use words you do not understand. Anxiety may also affect your ability to communicate your ideas to others. If you are in a situation where you feel very nervous, such as talking to your boss, you may find yourself saying awkward things or even making mistakes in grammar that you never do when talking with your friends.Individualism-oriented cultures hold individual interests and goals as most important while in collectivism-oriented cultures group interests and goals precede over those of the individual. Most Western countries value individualism and people strive hard to achieve individual identity in terms of possessions and achievement in their professions. Many eastern countries place high value on the collective. Sometimes individuals have to sacrifice their own interests to achieve what is good for the group.3. When studying stereotypes, prejudice, and racism, you may be struck with the role that communication can play in either spreading the beliefs or stopping their spread. Prejudice and racism are commonly viewed as being rooted in the child’s early socialization and fostered in communication with other people who are prejudiced or racist.4. Here is an important point to bear in mind. Chinese learners of English tend to assume that when it is their turn to speak, they must speak accurately, completely, fluently and without any hesitation. If they cannot do so, they begin to blush and lose confidence. In actual fact they have made a unreasonable demand on themselves. In natural conversation, it is quite common that native speakers of English make grammatical mistakes, hesitate a lot, make a false start, use words or expressions that they regret using them later. The point youshould bear in mind is that when you are engaged in spontaneous conversation (i. e. natural conversation), your goal is to get your ideas across. Do not worry about hesitation, misuse of words, too many pauses, etc. Nobody, not even a native speaker, is free from these flaws. Y ou can use those meaningless but useful syllables to gain time.。
English_跨文化交际大作业
Differences between Western invitation and EasterninvitationThere is no doubt that there are many differences between Western culture and Eastern culture. It is just the differences that make the world diverse. However, this is where miscommunication, misunderstanding and even conflict may occur. Every country has its own traditional culture and cannot get rid of it. It’s hard to say which one has more advantages. They are all making contributions to the world development and harmony. That’s why we should know something of other cultures.Cultures are different from one another and invitation is no exception. Invitation is universal in all cultures. However, there are also many differences occurs in how to give an invitation and how to reply to a invitation. In western country inviting each other is a social activities, aimed at making more friends and getting help from each other when they need one day. As for them invitation is just like a tool to expand their social intercourse. In China invitation often occurs between old friends and relatives to talk about the past and brighten the chain with each other or renew friendship. Foreign custom is much more strict than Chinese custom in the matter of replying to invitations. When you receive an invitation you should answer it immediately, saying definitely whether you are able to accept it or not. Foreign custom is much more strict than Chinese custom in the matter of replying to invitations. In western countries when you receivean invitation you should answer it immediately, saying definitely whether you are able to accept it or not.Because of the differences of custom the categories of invitations are different too. In American culture there are two kinds of invitation, “genuine invitation” and “false invitation”. If one is not familiar with American culture maybe feel that Americans are not sincere and honest because he cannot tell the difference between “genuine invitation” and “false invitation”.Every culture has its own advantages and plays an important role in the world developing. We need to know something about other cultures as well as our own if we hope to achieve development and harmony in the world.Similarities and Differences between the Chinese Way and the American Way of Gift Giving and Gift Receiving Gift giving is a big part of any culture. No matter in Western countries or in Eastern countries, people all pay attention to gift giving and gift receiving. They all believe etiquette requires reciprocity and exchange of gifts can leave a deep impression on each other and renew friendship.Doubtlessly, differences also exist in gift giving and gift receiving between Chinese way and American way, due to the differences of the two cultures. First of all, as for Chinese , we often pay attention to the gift of use value but not the memorable or special value. Therefore, Chinese usuallychoose something expensive as a gift. What’s more the the more expensive the gift is , the closer the relationship between the giver and the receiver is. On the contrary, in America, they do not give a very expensive gift, instead, they choose something cheap but special as a gift. Secondly, when receiving a gift ,Chinese always open the gift after the giver has left .No matter whether he like it or not , he always say he like it very much. However, an American will not. They usually open the gift before the giver and tell the giver whether he likes it honestly. This is because in Chinese culture Chinese value modest most but in American culture they think highly of direction.With China entry the WTO and held the Olympic Games in 2008, the relationship between China and Western in politics, economy, culture will become more and more close. China will play a more important role in the world. It is undoubtedly that the etiquette will play an important role in this process. Therefore we should know more about other cultures and make our culture be knew by more people.。
跨文化交际翻译
fully by letter, telephone, fax or e-mail in such cultures. It is not necessary to meet face-to-face with a colleague to get things done.完全在这种文化的信函，电话，传真或电子邮件。
满足面对面与同事把事情做好是没有必要的。
High-context cultures are the exact opposite. Communication tends to be imprecise and as much attention is paid to the person delivering the message as to the message itself. In high-context cultures---most of Latin America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa---personal encounters are essential before business can begin.高语境文化是完全相反的。
沟通往往是不精确的，对提供消息的人比对消息本身关注的更多。
高语境文化中---大多数拉丁美洲，亚洲，中东和非洲---个人遭遇实在业务开始之前必不可少的。
These people need as much ancillary information as possible. They pay more attention to physical surroundings, how a business colleague is dressed or coiffured---the general ambiance of the negotiations---than individuals from low-context countries. Body language, facial gestures and voice inflection are important methods of communication. The physical surroundings for a meeting or a business meal are just as important as the substance of the discussion.这些人需要尽可能多的辅助信息。
跨文化交际_Unit_2_参考翻译
跨文化交际_Unit_2_参考翻译Unit Two Task 11)A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner. 平静的大海决不能造就出熟练的水手。
/花盆里生长不出参天大树。
/温室里长不出栋梁之才。
2)He who would search for pearls must dive below.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
/ 欲寻珍珠就要潜到水里。
/ 欲寻珍珠欲潜入水。
3)Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标如同航行没有罗盘。
/没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。
4)To have another fish to fry另有要事/ 另有事情得做5)The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。
(The same knife cuts bread and fingers.)6)前人栽树，后人乘凉。
One sows and another reaps. / One man sows and another reaps. / One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests. / The precedence planted, the later generations enjoy its cool.7)斩草不除根，逢春又发青。
If the grass is only cut, then the next spring it will revive. / Cut weeds and dig up the roots.8)种田不用问，深耕多上粪。
Planting has no better measures but ploughing deeply and fertilizing much more.9)生米煮成熟饭。
跨文化交际第三册参考答案-unit1-中翻英
1．人人都说她真是交了好运，但我敢说如果不是她父母帮忙，她根本不可能得到这份工作。
（get break, to bet）Everyone says that she has got a big break, but I bet that she could not have got this job without her parent’s assistance.2．大家都奇怪他会被北京外国语大学录取，其实，原因很简单：报考外语的得高分的女生很多，在这方面男生比女生多少有点优势。
如果他是个女孩子的话，就是另外一回事了。
（have a slight edge over, to be a different story）People wonder why he was fortunat to be granted admission by Beijing Foreign Studies University; in fact, the reason is simple:Among the high-scoring applicants for majors in foreign languages, many are female applicants; male applicants thus have a slight edge over female applicants. If he were a girl, it would have been a different story.3．我很感谢你为我说了些好话，我倒不是特别在乎现在的这个位置，但它给了我晋升的机会。
（on one’s behalf, to get a foot in the door）I am grateful that you have put in a few good words on my behalf. I am not that attached to this position,but it does allow me to get a foot in thedoor of promotion.4．作为公司的员工你必须遵守公司的各项规定。
(完整版)跨文化交际(胡超版)-判断题及翻译
跨文化交际实用教程判断题及翻译Unit 1T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years.作为一种现象，跨文化传播已经存在了数千年。
然而，作为一门学科，它的历史只有大约五十年。
F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe.跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科F 3 Culture is a static entity( 静态的实体) while communication is a dynamic process.文化是一个静态的实体而沟通是一个动态的过程T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given (约定的特定的) culture.文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识，人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮演适当的行为T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations(over-generalization),it s till contributes to a person’s cultural cognition.认识、认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性，但仍有助于人的文化认知。
T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization.在跨文化交际中，我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开。
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跨文化交际翻译作业10级中文系对外汉语
张妍
20101040022030
原文：
If movie trailers supposed to cause a reaction, the preview for “United 93”more than succeeds .Featuring no famous actors, it begins with image of a beautiful morning and passengers boarding an airplane .It take you a minute to realize what the movie’s even about .That’s when a plane hits the World Trade Center .The effect is visceral .When the trailer played before “Inside Man”last week at a Hollywood theater, audience member began calling out, “Too soon !” In New York City , the response was even more dramatic .The Loews theater in Manhattan took the rare step of pulling the trailer from its screens after several complaints .
译文：
如果电影预告片能够引起一种反应，那么《93号航班》的试映不仅仅是成功了。
（trailer译为预告片,suppose to译为应该做，能够做，cause译为引起，preview译为试映.n. more than 译为不仅仅.而且第一句为虚拟语气）这部电影没有著名的演员出演，他只是开始于在一个美丽的早晨乘客登机的画面。
（feature译为由…主演,featuring no famous actors为状语从句,我译时将其主语译出来了,而面主语用“它”来代替了.登记用“board an airplane”）你只需要花费一分钟就会明白这部电影实际上讲的是什么（这句话有一个句型：it takes sb. Some
time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间.我觉得even可以译为实际上,此处为副词）那就是当一架飞机撞上世贸中心时，那种效果是震撼心灵的。
（此处将两句话译成了一句话.这用了合译法.visceral译为震撼心灵的）上周，当这部预告片在一家好莱坞电影院放映《局外人》之前播放时，许多观众开始大声喊叫：“太早了！”（这句话中每个单词都不难,但是要译通顺，还是有些难度的。
首先把时间状语last week翻译出来，接下来译时间状语从句。
在状语从句中，要把地点状语at a Hollywood theater译在主语the trailer后，再译before “Inside Man”,最后译动词played.而主句的翻译就相对简单了。
其中call out译为“大声喊叫”。
）在纽约市，观众对这部预告片的反应甚至更激烈。
（这句话使用乐增译法，如果直接说反应更激烈，会可能不着头脑。
所以我加上了观众对这部片的反应。
其中dramatic adj.本义为戏剧的；引人注目的；激动人心的。
而在这段中，显然感情是很充沛的，而且与反应搭配，译为激烈的更为合适。
）曼哈顿的洛斯影院在多次抱怨后，把这部预告片下架了，这是很罕见的做法。
（pull the trailer from its screens并没有直译，采用了转译法。
而take the rare step 没有在原句位置上翻译，而是单出来译成一句话放在最后，这用到了分译法和词序整理。
）
原文译文：
如果说电影预告片旨在引起反应的话，那么《93号航班》的
预告片则超过了这个目的。
没有什么大牌明星参演，该片以乘客在一个美丽的早晨登机的画面开始。
你需要看一会儿等看到一架飞机撞上世贸中心时，你才会明白该片讲述的是什么故事。
预告片去的震撼人心的效果。
上周，该预告片在好莱坞一座电影院放映《局内人》之前播放时，有观众开始大叫“拍的太早了！”纽约市的反应更为激烈，曼哈顿的罗尔斯剧院在观众的几次抱怨之后干脆把该预告片撤掉了，而这是极其少有的做法。
“United 93 ” is the first feature film to deal explicitly with the events of September 11,2001，and is center to ignite an emotional debate .Is it too soon ?Should the film have been made at all ?More to the point ,will anyone want to see it ?Other 9/11 project are on the way as the fifth anniversary of the attacks approaches ,most notably Oliver Stone’s “World Trade Center ”.But as the forerunner “United 93” will take most of the heat ,whether it deserves it or not .
译文：
《93号航班》是第一部明确讲述2001年9.11时间的故事片，它必然会引起激烈的争论。
（feature film 译为故事片，剧情片explicitly adv. 明确地ignite 点燃）他拍的太早了么？这部电影跟本就不应该被拍摄么？（这一句原句是肯定形式，并没有出现否定词，但是在翻译时，把它的正义反说效果会更
好，这采用了正说反译的方法。
）更关键的是，任何一个人都愿意看么？（此处more to the point 译为更关键的是。
）在9.11袭击事件五周年来临之际，其他关于9.11时间的作品也正在进行中，最显著的是由奥利弗·斯通导演的《世贸中心》。
（on the way实际意思是在路上，此处译为正在进行中；anniversary n. 周年纪念日notably adv.显著地；尤其）但是《93号航班》作为第一个，会受到很激烈的讨论，无论他是否应该如此。
（as译为作为；forerunner先驱者，先驱；take most of the heat表面意思是会很火热，但基于这篇文章对这部电影的评价，译成会受到很激烈的讨论；whether…or not译为无论是否；deserve v.应得）
原文译文：
《93号航班》是第一步明确以2001年发生的“9.11”事件为题材的故事片，势必会引起人们的激烈讨论。
这部片子是不是拍的太早了？是不是跟本就不应该进行拍摄呢？更关键的是，这部片子会有人看吗？随着9.11事件五周年纪念日的来临，相关题材的其他电影也正在筹备之中，其中较为典型的有奥利弗·斯通导演的《世贸中心》；但既然《93号航班》打了头阵，则必然会成为众矢之的，不管这种待遇是否合理。