被动语态复习

【被动语态】（一）语态：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

（二）被动语态的构成人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋V-过分一般过去时：was／were＋V-过分一般将来时：will／shall be＋V-过分过去将来时：would be + V-过分现在进行时：am／is／are being＋V-过分过去进行时：was/were being＋V-过分现在完成时：have／has been＋V-过分过去完成时：had been + V-过分（三）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

可省略。

例如：All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.一般现在时：I plant a tree every year. →I planted a tree last year. →I will plant a tree next year. →I would plant a tree the next year. →I’m planting a tree now. →I was planting a tree yesterday afternoon.I have planted many trees in the past few years. →I had planted many trees when I was 15. →练习：1. People play football all over the world2. They bought ten computers last term.3. They will finish the work in ten days.4. We are going to learn the words.5. We have made more than twenty toys.6. Some workers are painting the room.（四）含有情态动词的被动语态We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once. →It should be done at once.You must finish your homework today. →（五）特殊情况当使役动词have, make, get, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面的不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

1. He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.→The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2. Mother never lets me watch TV . →I am never let to watch TV by mother.3. Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. →A stranger was seen to walk into the building.4. 在see, watch, hear, keep+ doing句型中变被动语态时，doing不变。

I heard Tom singing just now. →Tom was heard singing by me just now.Jack saw a little girl crying in the corner. →带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb（间接宾语）+ sth(直接宾语) 直物间人口诀：如遇双宾语，直接变间宾，若把直宾变，to/ for间宾连.1. send, give, pass, show, tell与to 搭配give sb sth→sb be given sth sth be given to sbHe gave me a book. →I was given a book. A book was given to me.2. buy, make, cook, mend 与介词for连用buy sb sth→sb be bought sth sth be bought for sbMom bought me a bag. →I was bought a bag by mom. A bag was bought for me by mom. Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.→（1）A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.→（2）Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.例题：Please pass the cup to me.He is making me a cake.She will tell you a story.二、典型例题（）1．The Olympic Games ___________every four years.A are heldB were held C．are holding D．will ho1d（）2. In the art show, a lot of enjoyment _ _to foreign friends by the Chinese paintings．A．is giving B is given C will give D has given（）3. Chinese is becoming more and more popular. It _ __ in many schools around the world.A. teachesB. is teachingC. has taughtD. is taught（）4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ________as "People's Writer".A. is regardedB. has regardedC. is regardingD. regards（）5. Usually computers _________to search the Internet.A. useB. are usingC. are usedD. used（）6. --Do you often clean your classroom? --Yes. Our classroom ________ every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleaned（）7.一Did you hear that water in Tai Lake smelt terrible?一Yes．In fact，it ____.That's all because of the people and the factories around．A．polluted B was polluted C has polluted D．was po11ute（）8. --Our environment is getting worse than before.--You're right. But thanks to Earth Day_______, people have done more and more useful things to protect(保护)the earth since Earth Day.A. is startedB. was startedC. has started（）9. ---I feel very happy that I ____to be the host. ---Congratulations!A. chooseB. am chosenC. was chosenD. haven chosen（）10. Many trees and flowers ______ in our school last year, and they made our school a beautiful garden．A．plant B．planted C．have planted D．were planted（）11.Some famous paintings __________in the hall next week.A. will showB. were shownC. is shownD. will be shown（）12. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week .A. givenB. will be givenC. has been givenD. gives（）13.---Great changes have taken place in this city.---Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ______ these days.A. turned upB. put upC. shown upD. fixed up（）14.Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.A. allowB. be allowC. allowedD. be allowed（）15. —Do you often clean your classroom? —Yes, our classroom ______ every day.A. cleanB. cleansC. is cleanedD. Cleaned三、课后练习（）1. —Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet.A. don’t tellB. didn’t tellC. haven’t toldD. wasn’t told（）2．Many old houses around our school ____ next year and a large green area will appear.A. pull downB. will be pulled downC. will pull downD. are pulled down（）3．--- My watch ______. --- Don’t worry. Let’s go to the Lost & Found.A. is lostB. is brokenC. has foundD. has stopped（）4．---Did you go to Sam’s weekend party? ---No, I___________.A. am not invitedB. wasn’t invitedC. haven’t invitedD. didn’t invite （）5．-- How often ______ your school sports meeting ______? -- Once a year.A. does; holdB. was; holdC. is; heldD. did; hold （）6．On May 30th, , one bowl in the Ming dynasty (明朝) _______ at the price of 30.36 million Hong Kong dollars. A. sell B. sold C. is sold D. was sold（）7．The "Thousand- hand Guanyin" ____ by many people as the best performance at CCTV's Spring Festival Evening.A. has been regardedB. are regardedC. has regardedD. regards（）8．—Those eggs of different colors are very beautiful. —Yes, they ______ in Hangzhou.A. paintedB. were paintingC. were paintedD. had painted（）9．---Don’t l itter the ground, boy ,Look at the sign: “Rubbish into the dustbin.”---Sorry. A, has throw B, was throw C, must throw D, must be thrown（）10. The 29th 0lympic Games __in Beijing in 2008．A. will hold B will be held C. hold （）11. The girl was often heard happily in her room.A. singB. to singC. singingD. sings（）12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings ______ in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will build（）13. It is reported that more new teaching buildings ______ in our school in the next term.A. will be builtB. was builtC. has builtD. will build（）14. The sick boy _________ to hospital by the police yesterday.A. is takenB. was takenC. takesD. took（）15. --It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.--I think a bridge _________ over the river.A. was builtB. is being builtC. has been builtD. should be built（）16. --David, turn off the TV________ no one is watching it.--But it ________ off already! The music is from the radio.A. so that, has been turnedB. when, has turnedC. if, has been turnedD. because, has turned （）17. Usually John t o school in his father’s beautiful car.A. has takenB. is takingC. is takenD. has been taken（）18. Don’t put off today’s work for tomorrow. I mean, today’s work _________ today.A. may doB. must doC. may be doneD. must be done（）19.--Look, what an old palace! It looks so great! --Yeah, it ________ nearly 800 years ago.A. was buildingB. was builtC. has builtD. is built（）20. Don’t discuss the problems with your partner unless you _________ to do so.A. askB. are askedC. will askD. will be asked。