综合英语第三册第一单元知识点

IV. (Phrase Practice)1.They lived up to the true spirit of sportsmanship throughout the games.live up to: to keep to the high standards ofe.g. Did the film live up to your expectation?(=Was it as good as you expected?)2.We started off at dawn and headed for the sea for surfing.head for: move towards; go toe.g. “Where are you heading for?” “Manchester.”3.They tried to seek out the truth in what was said in the newspaper.seek out: If you seek out someone or something or seek them out, you keep looking for them until you find them.e.g. 对于当地公司来说，现在是时候去欧洲寻求商机了。

Now is the time for local companies to seek out opportunities in Europe.4.You have to take your daughter to hospital, as a rash has broken out on her face and hands. break out: (of war, fighting, disease, or similarly undesirable things) start suddenlye.g.印度尼西亚爆发了森林火灾。

Forest fires have broken out across Indonesia.5.In the darkness, I _______ the right box. groped forgrope for:feel or search about uncertainly (for something) by hands; search uncertainly or with difficulty (for a solution, answer, etc.)e.g.我在黑洞洞的屋里摸索着寻找电灯开关。

I grope for the light switch in the dark room.6.I warned him repeatedly that it was no good _______ that kind of tricks ________ me.trying…ontry on: put on (an article of clothing) to find out whether it fits or is suitable; test the effect or result ofe.g.①你可以试试这件新上衣。

You can try on this new coat.②人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？Why do people like to try their luck on lottery?7.Our heartfelt sympathies ________ the relatives of the victims. go out to(one’s heart or sympathy) go out to sb.:feel sympathy towards sb. and think about theme.g.他非常同情布莱克曼夫人和她那没有父亲的孩子。

His heart went out to Mrs. Blackman and her fatherless child.8.The drug traffickers were arrested after the police were ________ by the local residents.tipped offtip off:give an advance warning or hint to…e.g.他向警察告密，揭露了恐怖分子的阴谋。

He tipped off the police about the terrorist plot.V. (Synonym / Antonym)1. Adding to my distress was the distinct impression that everyone on campus was watching me.•Antonyms: indistinct, vague2. With that thought in mind, I raised my head, squared my shoulders, and set out in the direction of my dorm, glancing (and then ever so discreetly) at the campus map clutched in my hand.•Synonyms: carefully, meticulously3. What confidence, what reserve, what muscles!•Synonyms: self-restraint, self-control4. I spent the afternoon seeking out each of my classrooms so that I could make a perfectly timed entrance before each lecture without having to ask dumb questions about its whereabouts.•Antonyms: clever, intelligent, sensible5. Freshmen manuals advised sitting near the front, showing the professor in intelligent and energetic demeanor.•Synonyms: manner, behaviour6. I was even more surprised when I saw who the poor soul was: the very composed, very upper class football player I’d seen just days before …•Antonyms: excited, agitated7. I expected him to slink out of the cafeteria as I had, but instead he turned around and began preparing another tray.•Synonym: sneak8. What I had interpreted as a malicious attempt to embarrass a naive freshman had been merely a moment of college fun.•Antonyms: mature, sophisticatedVI.1.became popular2.respect3.keep up4.lead to5.understand6.founde8.start补充：though，althoughThough作连接词时，表示“虽然”、“尽管”之意，与另一连词although相同，但在使用场合上有所不同。

（一）although的语势比though强，大都用于正式的文体，指已成立的事实；though 的语势较弱，一般指设想和假定的情况。

例：He wouldn't take an umbrella although it was already raining．虽然当时已在下雨，他还是不愿意拿雨伞。

He wouldn't take an umbrella though it should rain cats and dogs．虽然有可能会下大雨，他还是不愿意拿雨伞。

在西方，不少学者认为，although是though的强调式，正如until是till的强调式；upon 是on的强调式一样。

（二）although在句中大都放在句首的位置，如放在句中（如上面一例），则表示强调的意味；though放在句首和句中均可（如上面一例，可将though it should rain cats and dogs 移至句首）。

though若要加强语势时，可将位置移后形成倒装，例如：Though he is young，…改为Young though he is，…；Though he is poor，…改为Poor though he may be，…；但不能用although。

（三）although 只能作连词使用；though除作连词外，还可用作副词，表示“然而”、“但是”等义，这时候，though一般放在句末。

例：Annie's grandfather loves to smoke．And he likes beer too．It's impossible for him to live to be 100．It was true，though．安妮的祖父喜欢抽烟，又喜欢饮啤酒，他不可能活到一百岁，然而，这却是真的，他活到了一百岁。

值得注意的是，中国学生由于受汉语“虽然…但是…”的影响，常犯though（although）之后与but连用的错误，但是之后可与nevertheless，still连用。

见下例：Though be was ill，but he went to school．（错）Though he was ill，he went to school．（对）如果说话人一定要强调“但是”之意，可以在he went to school之前加个副词yet。

另一点要注意的是，词组as though、even though的though不能改作although，因为它们是固定词组。

在近代英语中，though作连词使用时，与although 的差别已有日渐缩小的倾向，一般说来，though比although使用得普遍得多。