最新高考英语语法考点-谓语动词
高考英语基础语法谓语动词的讲义
课程主题：谓语动词学习目标掌握谓语动词的基本用法。
结合高考真题及模拟题分析谓语动词的考点。
教学内容【知识梳理】考点一动词的时态动词各种时态的形式(以do为例) ，加粗的为课标要求掌握的十大时态，其余了解即可。
一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去did was/were doing had done had been doing将来will/shall do will/shall bedoingwill/shall havedonewill/shall have beendoing过去将来would/shoulddowould/should bedoingwould/shouldhave donewould/should havebeen doing一、一般现在时 (do/does)1.表示经常或习惯性的动作，常与表频率的时间状语连用；也可表示现时的情况或状态等。
例1 New year in Chinese people’s eyes means a family reunion. Every year _sees_(see) the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world’s population travels home to celebrate with their families.2.表示观事实、普遍真理，不受主句的时态限制。
例2 The geography teacher told his students that the earth _moves_ (move)around the sun.3.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
例3 My mother will be very angry with me when she _finds_ (find) out I’m lying.二、一般过去时(did)1.表示过去某个特定时间或某段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态。
高考英语谓语动词的时态、被动语态和主谓一致
高考英语谓语动词的时态、被动语态和主谓一致考点1 谓语动词的时态一、谓语动词时态的种类1.一般现在时(1)一般现在时的构成1)一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:2)be的变化:am,is,are。
3)have的变化:has,have。
(2)一般现在时的用法2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时的构成1)一般过去时用动词的过去式表示,其规则动词变化方法如下表所示:2)was用于第一、三人称单数,were用于其他情况。
3)注意以元音字母加y结尾的动词:规则变化是直接加-ed,如play→played;不规则变化是把y 改为id,如:pay→paid,say→said。
(2)一般过去时的用法3.一般将来时(1)一般将来时的构成(2)一般将来时的用法4.现在进行时(1)现在进行时的构成：is/am/are+现在分词(2)现在进行时的用法5.过去进行时(1)过去进行时的构成：was/were+现在分词(2)过去进行时的用法6.现在完成时(1)现在完成时的构成：has/have+过去分词(2)现在完成时的用法注意(1)瞬间动词若用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变化。
如:他参军3年了。
(×)He has joined the army for 3 years.(√)He has been in the army for 3 years.(换动词)(√)He joined the army 3 years ago.(换时态)(√)It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army.(换句型)(2)部分瞬间动词(词组)与延续性动词(词组)对应表7.过去将来时(1)过去将来时的构成(2)过去将来时的用法8.将来进行时(1)将来进行时的构成：will/shall be doing(2)将来进行时的用法9.过去完成时(1)过去完成时的构成：had+过去分词(2)过去完成时的用法10.现在完成进行时(1)现在完成进行时的构成：have/has been doing(2)现在完成进行时的用法二、谓语动词时态的呼应1.主将从现2.含宾语从句的句子的时态一致问题(1)宾语从句中的动词时态常受主句谓语动词时态的制约,如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句中的谓语动词可以不受影响。
最新高考英语谓语动词与非谓语动词
最新高考英语谓语动词与非谓语动词一、谓语动词与非谓语动词英语实义动词根据其在句子中充当的成分可分为谓语动词与非谓语动词。
谓语动词在使用时，有时态，语态和主谓一致的语法形式变化。
主谓一致是指谓语动词要与其主语保持人称与数量的一致，谓语动词的语态有主动词语态与被动语态两种，当主语为动作的发出者或状态的引起者时，谓语动词用主动语态，当主语为动作的承受者或因外物引起的状态的时谓语动词用被动语态。
非谓语动词，顾名思义就是指动词在句子中充当除谓语之外的语法成分。
非谓语动词没有人称与数量的限定，所以也称之为非限定动词。
非限定动词有体态和语态两种形态变化。
非限定动词的语态取决于非限定动词的逻辑主语，非限定动词作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语；非限定动词作定语时，其逻辑主语为其修饰的那个词；非限定动词作宾语补语时其逻辑主语为宾语。
在解非限定动词题时，先分析非限定动词在句子中的语法成分，再确定其逻辑主语，根据逻辑主语来确定非限定动词的语态。
如果非限定动词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，一般体中过去分词可以表被动，若用不定式则需用被动式(to be done)，若用现在分词也需用被动式(being done)。
二、2020年高考对谓语与非谓语动词的考查如下：2020(全国1卷)①The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe (探测器) ─ the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess─ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.做谓语动词touched（一般过去时、主动语态）②Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e-4(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 做非谓语动词to find（不定式做状语）③Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moonis constructed.＂做谓语means（一般现在时，主动语态、第三人称单数）④Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because itmeans we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon(construct).＂做谓语（一般现在时，被动语态、第三人称单数）2020(全国2卷)①This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers (carry) special significance.做谓语carries（一般现在时，主动语态、第三人称单数）②They represent the earth (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.做非谓语coming（现在分词做宾语补语，与宾语the earth 为主动关系）③They make great gifs and you see them many tim es (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.做非谓语decorated（过去分词做宾语补语，与宾语them为被动关系）④They are easy (care) for and make great presents.做非谓语to care (不定式做状语)2020(全国3卷)①The artist was sure he would (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.不带 "to" 的不定式与情态动词构成复合谓语be chosen（不定式被动式）②When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and (point) down the river.做谓语pointed（一般过去时、主动语态）③And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9 (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.做非谓语surrounding（现在分词做宾语补语，与宾语the soft clouds为主动关系）。
【高考英语一轮复习】第一讲 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。
动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。
第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。
动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。
因此备考重点是：①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空①The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e－4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole－Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2．进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
备战2023年高考英语一轮复习考点帮(全国通用)考点 09 完成体-谓语动词时态 (解析版)
考点09 完成体谓语动词时态是语篇型填空和短文改错的必考点和热点。
高考对谓语动词的考查一时态为住，语态为辅。
对于时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时，一般过去时、现在完成时等等常见时态。
此外在考查物动词的同时还考查主谓一致问题。
预计2023年时态仍将是高考的重点和难点所在。
高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时态在语法填空和短文改错中既是必考点又是热点。
高考在考查时态的同时，仍然以最基本的时态（一般现在时，一般过去时、现在完成时）为主，但是也会兼顾其他语法内容的考查，比如各种从句、强调句、倒装句等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。
1.了解并能正确运用必考的10种时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时）；2. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态；3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
完成体考向一、现在完成时1. 现在完成时结构：主语+ 助动词have(has) + 动词过去分词否定句：have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t一般疑问句：have/has提前2. 现在完成时的用法：（1）表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个结果或影响，常与yet，already，just，before，lately等时间状语连用。
—Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗？—Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了。
）I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片了。
（这些照片已不在我这里了。
）have(has) gone to，have(has) been to和have(has) been in的区别1. have (has) gone to表示＂已经去某地了＂，不能与for+一段时间连用。
高考英语二轮总复习 核心语法必备 专题一 谓语动词(动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词和虚拟语气)
cook, draw等, 常与well, easily,
这件衬衫不好洗。
smoothly等副词连用
open, close, lock, move, keep等动词常 The drawer won't lock.
与won't, can't, wouldn't 连用
这个抽屉锁不上。
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点四
意义 集体名词class, family, army, team, club, company, population, 单
一致 enemy, party, crew, audience, committee, government, majority, 复
原则 group等强调整体时谓语动词用单数, 指个体成员时谓语动词用 数
代词
单个的动词-ing形式、动词不定式或主语从句
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点四
原则
主语
谓语
由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念
有生命的集体名词, 如people, police, cattle等 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词, 如goods,
stairs,
arms等
复数
山脉、群岛、瀑布等以-s结尾的专有名词
重点三 主谓一致3原则
原则
主语
谓语
语法 单数
单数
一致 原则
复数
复数
就近 一致 原则
由or, either... or..., neither... nor...,
not only... but (also)..., not... but... 等连接
与最近的主语在单复数上 保持一致
超实用高考英语二轮复习语法填空专题之谓语动词课件
until now，ever since，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，so far等。 ● In the past few years，great changes have taken place in my hometown. ● 在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 ● (3)下列句型中常用现在完成时。 ● This/That/It is the first/second/...time that＋现在完成时 ● This/That/It is the best/finest/most interesting/...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时
____w_i_l_l _t_e_l_l______(tell) you the story. is ● 2．While running regularly can ’t make you live forever ，the review says it ____(be)
more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.
single step.” ● 老子说得好:“千里之行，始于足下。”
● 3.The train __le__a_v_e__s___(leave) at 12:00.火车12点开。
2.一般过去时(did)
● (1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last year，three years ago， the other day等时间状语连用。
高考冲刺英语语法填空考点预测(考点1谓语动词)
高考冲刺语法填空考点预测（考点1 谓语动词）语法填空主要涉及的知识点用八个字概括：动、名、形、副（实词）；介、冠、连、代（虚词），今天我们主要以谓语动词为主进行总结。
备注：•虽然目前大多数模拟预测中，时态主要考察上以上三种，但是同学们不要忽略其他的时态，例如过去完成时（had done）在以前的江苏等试卷中有出现过考点的。
另外，虚拟语气也需要多加注意，尤其是一些固定句式中的虚拟。
预测卷中谓语占比基本维持1~2个。
•谓语动词解题三技巧：①时间状语②上下文语境或并列谓语③固定句式例1（2022广东省一模）①The museum 57 (name) Six Arts because it is about thesix senses and stimulating all of your senses.（主句缺少谓语）②Founded in 2018, the four-storey museum now 58 (house) more than 40,000 Chinese antiquesdating back to the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368 -1911),with another 60, 000items 59 stored (store) in warehouses (仓库).（简单句缺少谓语，利用时间状语）Keys: ① is named ② houses例2（2022广东省二模）57Combining (combine) Chinesemusic and global folk music, he 58 (post) 17 videos so far on socialmedia platforms, gaining millions of views.（简单句缺少谓语，利用时间状语）Keys: has posted例3（2022广州一模）It was not allplain sailing and there were many difficulties Lucy met, including 59 arranging (arrange) visas to enter some countries.But the challenges 60 (outweigh) by the memorable experiences on her way.（简单句缺少谓语，利用前后谓语判断）Keys：were outweighed例4（2022广州二模）Given the fun and often silly nature, it’snot surprising thatmany of these festivals 65 (hold) on April Fool’s Day!（从句中缺少谓语）Keys: are held例5（2022深圳一模）①So far, a theme park in western France 56 (employ) six birds, moreexactly six crows, to collect and deal with garbage —mainly cigarette ends andother small pieces.（简单句缺少谓语，利用时间状语）②“It has become 64an exciting game for them,”Nicolassays. “They pick up the trash on the ground, and every day they 65(reward) for what they have done.”Keys: ① has employed ② are rewarded例6（2022深圳二模）① It is roughly estimated that there 58 (be) at least a thousand paintings inthe gallery.（从句中缺少谓语）② In the 19th century, when white 61 settlers （settler）came toAustralia, most of the children of the aboriginals 62 (take) away from their own parents and brought up by whiteparents.（并列句中缺少谓语，利用并列谓语提示）Keys: ① are ② were taken例7（2022茂名二模）The new route（主语）, opened in December 2019 as part ofpreparations 39 for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic and ParalympicGames, 40 (reduce) （谓语）travel time forthe 174-kilometer journey from three hours to less than 60 minutes so far.（简单句缺少谓语，利用时间状语）Keys: has reduced例8（2022大湾区二模）① Analysis of data later 63 (indicate) that the signal came from a dwarf galaxy (矮星系)three billion light years away.（主句缺少谓语，利用前后谓语判断）② The first pulse from FRB121102 64 (spot)by FAST on August 30.（简单句中缺少谓语，利用时间状语）Keys：① indicated ②was spotted例9（2022汕头二模）The skeleton 43 (name)after the shape of the metal sleds used in the 1890s, when the sport first started.（主句中缺少谓语，利用时间状语）Keys：is named例10（2022广东佛山二模）① As the world’s first “dual Olympic city”, it 57 (pay)attention to the details in every aspect to support the safe and smooth 58 operation (operate) of the Games while overcoming the difficulties brought bythe COVID- 19 pandemic.（简单句中缺少谓语，利用语境）② The design concept of this platform 64 (develop)from the traditional painting in Dunhuang, Gansu Province. Keys：①paid ② is/was developed例11（2022山东枣庄高考适应性考试）This unique art 36 (create)during the Western Han Dynasty some 2,000 years ago.（简单句中缺少谓语，利用时间状语）Keys：was created例12（2022湖南长郡中学模拟）Today，the only existingancient book using dragon-scale（简单句中缺少谓语，利用时间状语）Keys: is preserved例13（2021浙江高考真题）① It doesn't impress like GeorgeWashington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,Illinois, 56 （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened tothe public. （并列句缺少谓语，利用时间状语）② The little home 60 （paint）white.Keys: ①has proved/has proven ② waspainted例14（2021新高考真题）You can't help wondering how hard it 61 （be）for the people then to put all thoserocks into place.（从句中缺少谓语，利用时间状语）Keys: wasTips: 通过部分模拟题以及真题的回顾，可以看出谓语一般涉及到简单句、并列句和复合句的分析，并且在解题的过程中需要同学们认真寻找解题突破口（时间标志词）结合句子的翻译有时候是否需要使用被动，只有充分考虑到主动、被动、主谓一致，才能够得出正确答案！利用常考时态时间状语解题在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，考生可根据所给标识词或时间状语轻松得出答案。
高考英语语法：谓语(句子成分)的基本知识
2021年高考英语语法：谓语（句子成分）的基本知识谓语语法基本知识•谓语是什么•谓语动词单复数形式•动词时态•主谓一致谓语是什么谓语这个词对我们绝大多数读过点书的人来说可能是再熟悉不过的了。
但是，如果真让你说出“谓语是什么”的话，估计大多数人会一时语塞。
即使最终说出解释，也可能不那么准确。
那么，究竟谓语是什么？谓语一般由动词或动词短词充当，用于表示一个句子（或者从句）中主语的行为动作或状态。
谓语是句子主干(主谓宾)三个核心成分之一。
这个解释可以更清楚地写为以下三点。
1) 谓语的位置通常是在主语的后边。
2) 谓语用于表示主语的动作、行为或状态。
3) 谓语是构成句子主干的核心成分之一（而非修饰或补充等的句子成分）。
一条句子中，无论在意思上还是在结构上，谓语往往是最关键的成分。
阅读时抓住谓语往往是看清一条句子的关键。
无论是英语还是汉语，可以说谓语都具有以上的共同特点。
而就英语而言，其谓语在语法上则有以下几个主要特点：1）谓语有一套清楚的表达格式，包括时态，被动语态，虚拟语气等，用于表达动词发生的时间，动作是否为被动，以及说话人的语态。
这一套表达格式是谓语独有的，所以也成了我们阅读时可用于区分谓语动词和非谓语动词的一个很好的参考。
这也意味着，英语学习者熟练掌握谓语的时态、语态、语气必不可少。
例：They are doing some exercise. 他们正在做练习。
(现在进行时态)例：He was killed by a single bullet in his heart. 他被一颗子弹射中心脏而死。
(过去时被动语态)例：If he had read any of those books, he would have known the answer. 他若是看了这些书中的任何一本，就知道答案了。
（虚拟语气）2）谓语动词前可以有情态动词，非谓语动词则没有。
记住这个特点也有助于我们看清句子。
阅读的过程中，如果遇到情态动词，那么可以肯定随后出现的动词就是谓语了！我们在写作时也要注意这一点。
高考英语语法：谓语动词
高考英语语法：谓语动词总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态:英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing过去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing将来shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am /is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be 2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX过去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX将来shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done主动语态在主动语态中, 高中英语中常见的有十二个时态一.一般现在时:1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示2.用法:①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作a. It is fine today.b. I am a student.c. I get up at six every day.d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.②.表示客观事实或普遍真理a. Japan is to the east of China.b. The sun rises in the east.c. A horse is a useful animal.③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等a. My train leaves at 6:30.b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.c. I will be away when he arrives.d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.b. There goes the bell.⑥.在体育比赛过程中, 解说员叙述迅速, 短暂动作时, 可用一般现在时, 表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots –a fine shot !⑦.在剧本或图片的说明文字中, 用一般现在时表示动作a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.二.现在进行时:1.构成: am / is / are doing2.用法:①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作a. I am writing a letter.b. My mother is making a dress these few days.②.表示即将发生的动作(如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用a. They are going to Shanghai on Frid ay.b. John is coming here next week.③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作a. The little boy is always asking questions.b. You are always saying that sort of thing.④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般现在时动词表述现在发生的事实, 后一句用现在进行时动词来阐述这一事实的原因, 结果, 目的等a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皱着眉头, 因为他在为他的孩子担心. (is worrying表示原因)b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批评他, 想纠正他的坏习惯. (is trying表示目的)c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他惯坏了. ( is spoiling表示结果)⑤.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, ow n, have, be, seem等三.现在完成时:1.构成: have / has done2.用法:①.表示动作在说话之前己经完成, 而后果或影响至今仍存在a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)c. The concert has started. ( =The concert sta rted and is now going on. )d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语a. I have studied English since 1987.b. He has lived here for two years.c. He has been ill for ten days.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in 等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用a. She has already come.b. I have met him before.c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?e. I have seen him this morning.四.现在完成进行时:1.构成: have / has been doing2.特征: 现在完成进行时兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特点①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)3.用法:①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止a. I h ave been reading the book all the morning.b. He has been staying here for two hours.c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.②.表示现在之前的一段时间里一再重复的动作a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信(强调结果)b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信(强调一直在写)c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调读过这一结果)d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书(强调一直在读)。