考研英语必备语法全突破(第2版)
考研英语语法总结(完美版)
考研英语语法总结（完美版）从2002年起，研究生英语考试取消了语法、词汇等基础知识的考查，将此部分改考为听力。
但取消了此部分知识点的考查并不意味着英语语法等基础知识的不重要。
根据以往英语取得高分同学的经验和海文英语辅导名师的建议，他们都一致认为英语语法和词汇是学好、考好英语的重要基础，其实完形填空是对语法、词汇的综合考查，但更关键的是学好此部分有助于对英语句子结构的分析和理解，有助于学生掌握灵活多变的句式，这样不仅有助于学生做好阅读理解，而且有助于学生做好英译汉，写好作文。
（一）情态动词一．情态动词的现在完成式的用法情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。
在这两个方面must/mustn’t,; can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t; ougtht等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的1．表示已经发生的情况。
1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……”。
如：My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetic ally:” Are you feeling all right?” [A] must be [B] had been [C] must have been [D] had to be （答案为C）2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。
如：Mary my letter; otherwise she woul d have replied before now. [A] couldn’t have received [B] ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received （答案为A）3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。
关于考研英语二真题的图书排行榜
关于考研英语二真题的图书排行榜想考研英语类的伙伴们都很想知道，考研英语二真题的图书有哪些呢？要怎么样才能完胜考研英语二呢？以下是店铺推荐给大家的考研英语二真题的图书排行榜，还没看的捉紧时间看。
考研英语二真题的图书排行榜NO.1 《考研圣经》(2007-2016)考研1号的《考研圣经》是目前考研图书市场上质量最好、最受认可的英语二真题书。
该书的知名度自不必说，其堪称“极致”的解析实在是令人惊叹，非常适合系统复习之用。
第一，《考研圣经》定位非常清晰——专为基础薄弱者一次过关编著。
围绕这一定位，作者逐句剖析了历年英语二(包括英语二考试前身的MBA试题在内，共十套真题)的真题文章，并在逐句讲解中重点突出词汇和句法的讲解，有效克服了英语基础薄弱者的两大基础(词汇和语法)，针对性非常强，使用的过程中复习效果也非常明显，随着复习的一天天进展，你会扎扎实实地感受到自己每天在进步。
《考研圣经》一本书在手，历年真题中的每一个词汇、每一个句式结构和语法点，你都能无师自通，自己搞定——你无须再去购买专门的词汇书和语法书，不用再去反复查词典和语法书，再复杂的句子都能在该书中一次性弄清楚。
第二，《考研圣经》创新力度最大——该书创立了很多独特、有效的解析方式，对于拓宽考生解题思路、提升考生复习质量很有好处。
比如，首创真题文章“逐词逐句逐题精解”模式，阅读“答案定位+选项表析”模式，写作“模板范文+创新范文”模式，翻译“逐层拆译+雕梁画栋”模式等等。
总之，强烈推荐考研圣经这本书，因为它不仅是解析最为详尽的，而且是解析最为用心、思路最为有效的英语真题书。
第三，《考研圣经》配套视频最给力——该书配有与书籍解析同步进行的名师精讲的配套视频，同样是一句一句讲解，十分给力，完全可以给考生省却报辅导班的高额费用。
NO.2 《考研英语(二)历年真题老蒋详解》(2008-2016)蒋军虎的《考研英语(二)历年真题老蒋详解》一书具有一定知名度，解析也比较详细，各个板块讲解的程度也比较均衡，在同类真题解析书中算是比较好的。
英语语法【考研】英语二总结
成分/组成
位置
成分&分类
难点分析
主语 句子所陈述的对象
名词 代词 非谓语动词 从句：引导词+句子
谓语
主语发出的动作。一般是有动作意 义的动词。
动词：实义动词、系动词
宾语
名词
分为动词宾语和介词宾语，属于动 代词
作的承受者。
非谓语动词
从句：引导词+there be：“有”相关含义； 3.被动：人称代词做主语。以下情况无被动：
1.一句话中除了主干和定语，其他都可以是状语 。 2.在句子中见到以下词，都是状语：副词，比较 、条件、结果、原因、让步、目的、方式、伴 随状语。 3.分析长难句，名词后是时间、地点需区分是定 语还是状语：①无法区分时，定语优先原则② 若翻译为定语不通顺时才翻译为状语。 4.四步走：找谓语动词（主谓宾）--连词--定语 --状语。
略；
连词前有无逗号均可，其他逻辑关系词（副词、介
如何找省略内容：
短）前用句号或and
2.1省略一定在连词后，不会在连词前；
2.2 连词后面有的成分，连词前通常也有（只
有一个对应前面多个时，前面不一定都有，但
至少有一个） ；
2.3 连词前有，后面没有的部分便是省略内容
2.地点状语从句：where 3.原因状语从句：because、as、since、in that 、seeing that 、considering that 、now that 、given that 、for 、because of 、due to、owing to、thanks to、for the sake of 、as a result of 4.目的状语从句：so that、in order that 5.结果状语从句：so…that、 such…that 6.让步状语从句：although、though、even though、even if 、as、 while 7.方式状语从句:as、 the way、as if / though、by/through/by means of、 in…way/manner
考研英语语法总结经典版
考研英语语法总结经典版一、句子成分1.主语：句子中起名词或代词作用，通常位于句子的开头。
例：Tom likes to play basketball.（主语是Tom）2.谓语：句子中表示动作、状态或存在的部分，通常位于主语之后。
例：She is reading a book.（谓语是is reading）3.宾语：句子中接在动词后面的成分，回答“谁”或“什么”。
例：He bought a new car.（宾语是a new car）4.表语：句子中用来描述主语的成分，通常是形容词、名词或介词短语。
例：The weather is sunny.（表语是sunny）5.定语：句子中用来修饰名词或代词的成分，通常是形容词、数字、名词短语等。
例：The old man lives in the small house.（定语是the small house）6.状语：句子中用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，通常是副词或介词短语。
例：She works hard.（状语是hard）7.同位语：句子中用来解释、说明或补充前面名词或代词的成分。
例：My best friend, Alice, is a doctor.（同位语是Alice）二、时态和语态1.时态：表示动作发生的时间或状态的时间。
-现在时：表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。
例：I am reading a book.-过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例：He bought a new car.-将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
例：I will go to the beach tomorrow.-过去完成时：表示过去一些时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。
例：She had finished her homework before dinner.2.语态：表示动作的主体和受体。
-主动语态：表示主语执行动作或状态。
例：He cleans the room every day.-被动语态：表示主语承受动作或状态。
英语二规定了总共有八个语法点
（1）语法英语二规定了总共有八个语法点，具体的语法点是要考的。
只要把这八点做到了，语法部分复习计算完整。
①名词、代词它的用法，数和格。
②形容词。
③动词，动词包括时态、语态，时态是最常见的，例如一般现在、一般将来等，语态就是主动和被动。
④常用连词。
⑤非谓语动词，就是不定式和名词。
⑥虚拟语气。
⑦从句，列了宾语从句、主语从句和表语从句。
⑧同谓语从句(2)词汇英语一和英语二的大纲规定考察词汇附录表完全一致，但考察深度不一样，英语二的考研要求为考生应能较熟练地掌握5 500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组。
考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
(3)阅读理解A关于阅读理解A部分的考察。
英语二没有英语一中规定的阅读理解中会出现3%的超纲单词。
英语一除要求理解文字展现意义外，还要求能够理解文章中概念性的含义，而英语二基本不会出现一些特别抽象的，特别复杂的费解的概念。
此外，英语二的阅读量要相对英语一略小一些。
（4）阅读理解B英语一这部分规定了三种备选题型，一种是七选五。
第二种是搭配，第三个是排序。
最近几年一直考的是七选五，是比较成熟的题型。
英语二阅读理解B部分，就是新题型部分也规定了三种题型，这三种题型跟英语一非常不一样，第一种题型就是它给一篇文章，让你看，看完了以后让你做一个配队，左边有一系列小短句子，右边有一系列补全这个句子的成份，七个选五个，配比下来，有两个选不到，这个难度比较低，只要对文章有一个整体的大概的理解应该都可以做。
第二种就是小标题，也叫搭配题，就是用标题和文章段落进行搭配，这个跟英语一是完全一致的。
第三种，是让考生先读文章，有五个句子，然后根据文章的意思判断正误，这个难度更低了。
（5）阅读理解C英语一翻译题型是给考生一篇文章，有五个划线的句子，一般是比较令人费解的长难句，翻译起来不仅句子本身就比较结构复杂，而且还要将句子放在整篇文章中，结合文章的概念性推理进行翻译，难度颇高，大部分考生在此题型上失分较多。
《李阳疯狂英语_突破语法》全文-.pdf
just like You grammar We for 造Li new 概念；practical Just away Put 懂Wethey enjoy their job?）;她喜欢她you know how late the store is open;第三人称单数Person;一个开朗外向的人is a very outgoing person.She of time with her friends.;(1)爱丽丝的人。
很多时间她和她的朋友to parties.She goes to movies.to nightclubs.;她去聚会，去电影a Crazy English class every 语的课everyone in her class.She's 她认识班里的每个人，她很受欢also likes sports very much.She She plays baseball.;(2)她也很她打篮球、打棒球、volleyball.And she also plays athletic and she loves being 户外生活。
doesn't stay home alone very read many books.;(3爱丽丝家里。
她不怎么读书，watch T V .She doesn't listen to doesn't talk on the phone.She's 她很活跃。
like to waste her time inside.;内。
can see,Alice is a very outgoing 爱丽丝是个非常开朗and healthy.She has a lot of 她有很多朋her company very much.Everyone 人人都喜欢这里面既有第也有其他人称，操练时一定要注;sister and I are very different.I'm a a doctor.;(1)我姐姐和我是两个完她是个医生。
英语二重点知识点归纳总结
英语二重点知识点归纳总结一、语法1. 动词时态和语态英语中有多种时态，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时等。
在使用时态时，需要根据句子的语境和时间关系选择合适的时态。
2. 名词的单复数形式英语中，大部分名词的复数形式是在词尾加上-s或-es。
但也有一些特殊名词会有不规则的复数形式，例如man变为men，woman变为women等。
3. 代词的用法代词用于代替名词，包括人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、相互代词等。
在使用代词时需要注意人称、性别、数与格的一致性。
4. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词可以有不同程度的比较级和最高级形式。
比较级通常在原级形式后面加上-er，最高级则是在原级形式前面加上the。
但也有一些不规则的形容词和副词，如good 变为better，bad变为worse等。
5. 介词的用法介词是连接词与词之间关系的词，常见的介词包括in、on、at、over、under等。
在使用介词时需要注意其后面接哪些词或短语。
6. 非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
不定式通常用于表示目的、原因和结果；动名词通常用作宾语、主语和表语；现在分词通常用于表示进行中的动作。
7. 并列连词的用法并列连词用于连接两个相同或相似的句子或短语，常见的并列连词有and、but、or、so 等。
8. 从句的用法从句是一个句子的一部分，可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语。
常见的从句有名词从句、形容词从句和副词从句。
二、词汇1. 同义词和反义词在英语中，有很多词语有相同或相近的意思，这些词语就被称为同义词。
而反义词则是指意义相反的词语。
2. 词性转换在英语中，有些词语可以在不改变词根的情况下，通过添加前缀或后缀来改变词性。
例如，词语create是动词，但在添加后缀-ion之后，可以变为creation，成为一个名词。
3. 常用短语和习惯用法英语中有很多常用的短语和习惯用法，掌握这些短语和习惯用法可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语。
胡小平考研英语词汇突破班讲义
考研英语词汇专项讲义I. V ocabulary Usage Analysis:例11) Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such b ehaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well. [05]21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by[A] posing a contrast.[B] justifying an assumption.[C] making a comparison.[D] explaining a phenomenon.2) 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. [98]45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely3) … This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38, they can help studentsacquire a sense of commitment.[A] On the contrary [B] On the average[C] On the whole [D] On the other hand4) A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints o n improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is. [09-T4]35. According to the last paragraph, development of education[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.[D] cannot afford political changes.例2In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for.55. W e learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business[A] has been striving to expand its market[B] intended to follow a fanciful fashion[C] tried but in vain to control the market[D] has been booming for one year or so例3But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.62. According to the author, basic computer skills should be[A] included as an auxiliary course in school[B] highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications[C] mastered through a life-long course[D] equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise例4Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring; burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D] the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.例5In1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and inf irm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.58. The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one of[A] strong disapproval. [B] reserved consent.[C] slight contempt. [D] enthusiastic support.例6It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.From the second paragraph we learn that[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries.[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia.[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law.[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage.II. V ocabulary Exercises:1.1) At first, the ______ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction [B] transmission [C] transformation [D] transition2) …inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the 8_which is being transmitted to him.[A] speech [B] sense [C] message [D] meaning3) The parcel you post must be well packed. Inadequate packing can mean delay, damage or loss[A] [B] [C]at your expenses.[D]2.1) Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ______ (hear) from you soon.2) I appreciated ______ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.[A] having been given [B] having given [C] to have been given [D] to have given3) As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate _____ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing [B] to hear [C] to be hearing [D] having heard ……….. 略胡小平浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院(SIS)E-mail: shopin@版权所有严禁翻印。
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第一编考研必备语法精要速览一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.以下几类动词一般不能用于进行时，同样不用于完成进行时：(1)表示感知的动词：hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell；(2)表示意愿、情感的动词：desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear, love, hate；(3)表示思考、看法的动词：believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose；(4)表示所有、占有的动词：belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳)；(5)其他动词：cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem。
如：I’d say whenever you are going after something that is belonging to you, anyone who is depriving you of the right to have it is criminal.(1997年考研题，belong表示归属，不用于进行式)He was seeing somebody creeping into the house through the open window last night.(1990年考研题，see表示结果，不用于进行式) 2. 不用will/shall表达将来时的形式：(1)be going to表示现在的打算和意图；(2)arrive, come, drive, go, leave, retire, return, set off, start, take off等表示移位的动词的进行体表示按计划肯定要发生的将来动作；(3)be to (do)表示安排、计划、决定、命令或注定要发生的事，如：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.(4)be about to (do)表示将要(做)，如：Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders.(5)be on the point /verge of (doing)表示“马上就要”，一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用；(6)be, begin, come, depart, get off, go, leave, return, start的一般现在时表示按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件，如：If you want your film to be properly processed, you’ll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow.(画线部分一般不用will be)(7)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I don’t know where he will go tomorrow. 我不知道他明天去哪儿。
(宾语从句)I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(8)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 3.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。
如：The changes that howe taken place place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.It is four years since John left school.(4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。
如：It isn’t the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.(5)在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when/before…句型中，主句常用过去完成时。
(6)其他与完成时连用的时间状语：all this while, all this year, for some time, so far, already, before, just, long, yet等。
4.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。
如：The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.The school board listened quietly as John read the demand that his followers had been demonstrating for.时态、语态答题思路：(1)先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态，然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语，缩小选择范围，进而选出正确答案；(2)根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。
二、不定式1.不定式做主语(1)做形式主语的代词：不定式做主语, 通常用it充当形式主语, 把做主语的不定式短语后置。
如：It took me only five minutes to finish the job.To be frank, it is a great relief to have the task fulfilled in so short a time.(2)引导逻辑主语的介词：不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for引导,但下列表示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时, 不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrong。
如：Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to stay healthy.It’s clever of you to have invented such a device.(3)不定式做主语补足语：掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。
注意不定式表示的动作发生的时间，并采用相应形式。
如：saidreportedthoughtbe to do sth.believedknownsupposedByron is said to have lived on vinegar and potatoes.The bank is reported in the local newspaper to have been robbed in broad daylight yesterday.2.不定式做宾语(1)必须接不定式做宾语的动词：掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：agree, afford, aim, arrange, appear, ask, attempt, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, hope, endeavor, intend, long, mean, manage, offer, ought, plan, pledge, pretend, prepare, promise, proceed, prove,resolve, refuse, request, swear, tend, try, venture, wait, wish。