现在分词作表语和宾补

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高考英语之非谓语动词作宾补,表语,同位语,独立主格

高考英语之非谓语动词作宾补宾补——宾语补足语，即对宾语的补充说明。

这种语法现象出现频率很高，但是，不是所有动词都有宾补。

非谓语作宾补的形式也不尽相同。

本文详细讲解了高考考点的相关内容。

下面举些简单的宾补例子。

例如：——The dog keeps me happy. 那只让我很开心。

（形容词作宾补）——Don’t let me at home 不要让我待在家。

（介词短语作宾补）——We made him monitor. 我们选他作班长。

（名词作宾补）1.to do 作宾语补足补。

（1）某些特定词后接宾语，再接to do 作宾补。

句中的宾语常为非谓语的逻辑主语，即宾语发出非谓语的动作。

表主动，将要。

形式为：V.+ sb./sth. to do.例如：——Your mom asked you to go home and have dinner.你妈妈叫你回家吃饭。

解析：you 发出to go 和have 动作，即两者之间为主动关系。

表将要。

——Parents don’t allow their children to eat too much sugar.父母不允许他们的孩子吃太多的糖。

解析：children 发出to eat 动作，表主动，将要。

—— Students are not allowed to swim in the river.学生们不允许到河里游泳。

解析：将此被动句变成主动句：——not allow students to swim in the river. 所以还是to swim 作宾补。

常用的同类动词：advise 建议allow /permit 允许beg 祈求require/ request/demand 要求ask 询问，要求cause 导致encourage鼓励expect 盼望forbid 禁止force 强迫intend 意图invite 邀请order 命令persuade 说服prefer喜欢teach/instruct教remind提醒tell告诉want想要warn 警告wish 希望promise 答应注：下列词，用在被动句中，做主语补足语。

现在分词用法讲解

一、现在分词：在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。

二、现在分词的基本用法1. 作表语：表主语的特征。

如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。

2. 作定语：(1). 表示主动的、进行的状态：The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. （比较：The factory being built now is a big one.）(2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征：This is an interesting story.(3). 相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.(4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语：This is an English-speaking country.3. 作状语：表示主动的、进行的状态，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。

(如果不是，需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.)(1). 原因状语：Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.(2). 时间状语：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.(3). 条件状语：Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.(4). 让步状语：Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone.(5). 结果状语：He died, leaving nothing but debts.(6). 伴随状语：He sat by the desk, begging.注意：The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 由此可知伴随状语的特点：①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。

现在分词的句法功能

现在分词的句法功能现在分词（The Present Participle）具有动词的特征以及形容词或副词的功能，可以作表语、定语、状语或在复合结构中作宾补。

现在分词具有主动意义。

1、现在分词作表语表示情感心理的及物动词的现在分词具有主动意义，表示主语的特征，能引起听话人情感心理上的反应。

要注意区别的是这类词的过去分词说明主语情感心理上的感受。

例如：a. The situation is encouraging. 形势很使人鼓舞。

She is greatly encouraged. 她深受鼓舞。

b. The food smells inviting. 这个才真诱人。

I don’t feel invited to enter such an ugly building. 我没有欲望进这么难看的建筑。

最常这样用的分词有：amazing / amazed，astonishing / astonished，surprising / surprised，encouraging / encouraged，confusing / confused，disappointing / disappointed，exciting / excited，interesting / interested，puzzling / puzzled，shocking / shocked，worrying / worried，tiring / tired，satisfying / satisfied2、现在分词作定语1）上述表示情感心理的及物动词的现在分词可以作前置定语，仍然表示它所修饰的名词的特征，能引起听话人情感心理上的反应。

它们与对应的过去分词作定语的区别同上。

He told us the disappointing news. 他告诉我们那令人失望的消息。

The amusing story set the amused audience laughed all the time. 令人捧腹的故事令感到好笑的观众大笑不止。

现在分词的用法

初中英语语法·非谓语动词现在分词的用法1. 分词的定义现在分词是由动词+ing构成的。

现在分词具有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可以带自己的宾语或受状语修饰，现在分词和自己的宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。

2. 现在分词的语法作用；现在分词在句中可以作表语、定语、补足语和状语。

一、作表语：现在分词作表语，一般表主动或主语的性质和特征，主语多数情况下是物，一般跟在联系动词be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等词后，His speech is exciting.他的演讲令人兴奋。

This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。

The news sounds encouraging.这个消息听起来令人鼓舞。

而作表语用的现在分词，已经完全变成了形容词，常见的现在分词如下：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing, missing, promising等，这些词可以放在系动词后做表语。

二、作定语：现在分词做定语，表示中心词是该动词的动作发出者，此时的现在分词充当形容词的作用，用来修饰中心词。

单个分词作定语时放在中心词前面，分词短语作定语时放在中心词后面。

We see the rising sun every morning. 每天早晨我们都可以看到东升的旭日。

China is a developing country. 中国是个发展中国家。

the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。

Unknown flying object. 不明飞行物。

Please wake up that sleeping boy. 请叫醒那个睡觉的小孩。

现在分词的用法细解

现在分词的用法详解现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。

一.构成形式doing （特殊的略）现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作二.时态与语态一般式doing一般被动式being done完成式having done完成被动式having been done所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not包括独立主格形式三.可作成分定语状语补语表语1.作定语1）单个分词作定语——所修饰名词前，表示主动或者进行的状态可以改写成一个定语从句，把修饰的名词提前做先行词，再补引导词。

E.g. China is a developing country. = China is a country which isdeveloping.2）分词短语作定语——名词放在后面，此时就是相当于定语从句省略了引导词（that, which, what, who, whom...)，而先行词就是该修饰的名词，所以该名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系Students wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.=Students who is wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.注意1：分词的完成时(having done, having been done)不可作定语，但是可以用定语从句表示E.g. Do you know anything about the accident having happened yesterday? ( wrong )Do you know anything about the accident that happened yesterday? ( right )注意2：在message, letter, sign, news, notice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点2.作宾语补足语记住：只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补1）感官动词（和听觉，视觉，触觉相关的动词，此时现在分词表示正在进行）：see，hear ，watch，feel，notice，observe, find，listen，to look at2）使役动词（动词+宾语+doing, 此时现在分词表示“使处于某种状态”)：have, get, catch, leave, set, keepeg.I saw him singing now.Don't have the students studying all day.注意1:宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者注意2：使役动词后面跟的动词还有do/to do/done 的情况，要根据情况选择合适的动词结构。

现在分词做定语表语和宾补的用法

A. tired; boring
B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored
D. tiring; boring
现在分词令人………的
2.分词作表语
过去分词感到…….的
• 3 –ing 与 to do
a. 如果主语是动名词，表语也用动名词，主语是不定式，
表语也用不定式。 1）眼见为实
Review
1.和他说话像和墙说话一样。主语
Talking to him is like talking to a wall. 2.抽烟可能导致癌症。 Smoking may cause cancer. 3.在这里等是没有用处的。 It is no use waiting here.
4.他承认拿了钱。宾语
听起来很有趣 ①It sounds interesting. 这本书似乎很无聊 ②The book seems boring. 他所说的很感人 ③what he said was moving.
1.This film was really___m_o_v_i_n_g____ , we were greatly __m__o_v_e_d_______ while seeing it.
4.He was e_n__c_o_u_ra_g__e_d_______ by the
_____e_n_c_o_u_r_a_g_in_g____speech.
(encourage)
5. Mr Smith, ______ of the ______ speech,
started to read a novel.
定语
4.I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.

分词短语作宾语的五种情况

分词短语作宾语的五种情况分词用法分词：主要起修饰形容词和副词作用分词现在分词ing:主动和进行过去分词ed: 被动和完成一、分词作表语The situation isencouraging.They were veryexcited at the news.The door remainedlocked(被动关系)The weather of thissummer is disappointing,(主动关系)二、分词作定语分词作定语是，若是单个分词作定语通常是前置修饰语；若是分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰词的后面。

其作用相当于一个省略了的定义从句。

The arrestedmurderer will be tried soonDon’t disturb thesleeping child.You may ask thelady (who is) sitting at the desk.Those (who havebeen) elected as committee members will attend the meeting.The people workingwith me (who work with me) treat me like their friend.有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思，而是表示完成。

这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。

There are a lot offallen leaves in autumn.秋天有许多落叶The film describesthe story about the police who persue an escaped man.这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。

常用的这一类词有fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen,grown up, vanished.三、分词作宾语补足语常跟分词作宾补的动词有, catch , have, get, keep, hear, find, feel,leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set, 等I could feel myheart beating very fast after playing basketball for an hour.打了一个小时篮球之后，我能感觉到我的心脏跳的很快（现在分词表示主动）When they returnedhome from holiday, they found their house stolen.当他们度假回到家时发现家中被盗了（过分表被动）Have, get跟宾语补足语的几种用法1. have sbdoing sth 让某人老是做某事the boss had tomrunning upstairs and downstairs all the time.2. have….done请人做某事使某事发生you’b better have(get) your hair cut四、分词作状语分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间，原因，让步，方式或伴随情况。

动词ing 定语表语宾语补主语

必修四Unit 3 语法动词ing ---作表语.定语.宾语补足语动词ing形式是动词的一种谓语形式，有动词原形加ing构成，包括现在分词和动名词。

可以在句子中用作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语和定语。

一.用作表语。

1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语。

多表示一般性或抽象行为。

Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job。

她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。

2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。

3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging,inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。

The news is quite astonishing. 这个消息令人吃惊。

全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。

What worries me most is her staying too late every night. 是我最担心的是，她每天都工作很晚。

(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。

Mike is listening to music.迈克正在听音乐。

（当前正在进行的动作）Mike’s favorite hobby is listening to music. 迈克最大的爱好的听音乐（说明主语的情况）二. 作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。

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◆如果有一系列动作做宾补时，一般用不定式，而不用现在分词。
eg.
I saw her enter the room, sit in a chair, open a book and begin to read.
◆作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别：
a. 作表语的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质。 b. 进行时态中的现在分词表示主语正在进行的动作。 eg. The situation in our country is encouraging. （表语） The situation in our country is encouraging the people.
不定式（不带to）：动作发生了，全过程已结束 eg. Do you hear someone calling you?
Yes, I did. I heard him call me several times. You mean you hear your name called several times.
◆ 动名词或不定式作表语: 表示主语的内容，表语和主语的位置可以互换。
My job is teaching English. = Teaching English is my job. Our aim is to enter the universities. =To enter the universities is our aim.
When he was decorating his home, he got the bedroom painted first.
When he was decorating his house, he had some workers paint his bedroom first. In order to finish it, he had the workers painting his bedroom all the day and night.
◆ -ing作表语表示: 主动意义或主语的性质和特征，“令人……的”
主语多数是sth.
eg. This book is interesting.
The news sounds encouraging.
这类-ing分词大多由表示人的情绪的动词构成:
moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, boring, inspiring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing, disappointing等。
◆ -ing分词作宾语补足语：表示与句子的宾语是主动关系动作的行
eg. I heard someone calling me. We found the snake eating the eggs. =We found (that) the snake was eating the eggs. I caught the boys stealing apples from my garden. She kept the candle burning all night.
The –ing Participle (3)
As a Predicative or as an Object Complement
I. The –ing Participle as a Predicative
分词作表语，一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等系动词后面，相当于形容词。
（进行时）
II. The –ing Participle as an Object Complement
◆-ing分词作宾语补足语常用在一些感觉动词和使役动词的宾语后面，与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系
感觉动词： hear, see, notice, watch, feel, find, smell, observe, look at, listen to, catch(撞见)等。使役动词： have, let,make,set, keep, get, leave等。
Don’t keep the students reading all day long. The old man got the clock working again.
◆现在分词、过去分词和不定式作宾补的区别：
现在分词：
与宾语是主动关系
动作正在进行，还没有结束
与宾语是被动关系
过去分词：
动作已经完成与宾语是主动关系