初中英语冠词知识点讲解及专项练习

初中英语冠词知识点讲解及专项练习

不定冠词——a/an

a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：abook;

an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour.

区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a “u”, an “h”。

用法：

1、a/an 用于单数可数名词前,表示“某一”“一…”或者“一个”的意思.

a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour

an interesting book a big dog a dangerous aminal

2、表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如：

That is a pen, not apencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。（指属于某一种类）

Give him a pear, please! 请给他一个梨。（指某一种类中的任何一个）

An elephant is bigger than a horse. 大象比马大。

和one 的区别：a/an 表示类别种类One 强调数量

a bus （表示是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车）

one bus (强调是一辆车而不是两辆或三辆)

There is a catunder the chair. 椅子下面有一只猫。（强调种类）

There is one catunder the chair.椅子下边有一只猫。（强调数量）

3、用来指某人或某物，但有不具体说明是谁或是什么，如：

A comrade from Shanghai is comingto give us a talk this afternoon.

一位来自上海的同志今天下午将给我们作报告。

My mother once worked in aschool. 我母亲曾在一所学校工作。

4、表示基本单位，作“每一”讲。例如：

three times a day 10yuan a kilo

six class a day thirty miles an hour等。

5、不定冠词a/an可用在一种职业，阶级或宗教的名称前。如：

What’s your father? He’s a doctor. 你父亲是什么职业？他是名医生。

Mr Black is now a Christian.布莱克先生现在是名基督教徒。

6、固定短语：

once upon a time 从前

take a look 看一看

catch a cold 感冒

a little 一点点

a few 一点儿

have a rest 休息

定冠词——the

the表示特指。表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个”或“这个”的意思。

the book in my bag

the boy under the tree

the apples in the basket

the hospital near my home

可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。

the books the book the rice the bread the football

the old man the interesting book the teachers the women

用法：

1、定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。

Doyou know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？

Beijingis the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。

2、再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：

Tomhas an apple, The apple is big and red.

Thereis a boy under the tree.The boy is my brother.

3、指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：

Let’sgo and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。

Openthe door，please!请打开门。

4、用于某些固定词组中。例如:

inthe morning / afternoon / evening 等。

5、用在形容词前表示一类人。

theold 老人the young 年轻人therich富裕的人

6、用在表示“姓”的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。例如：

The Whites arespending their holiday in England.

The Greens came toChina two years ago .

7、用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。

the Great Wall 长城the Summer Place颐和园

the United States 美国the October Revolution 十月革命theChinese People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军

theLong March 长征

8、用在序数词或形容词最高级前

Thefirst thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class.

Heis the tallest one in our class.

9、世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙）

theglobe太阳系the universe 宇宙the atmosphere大气层

Thesun rises in the east.

Theearth goes round the sun.

10、在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。

inthe 1980s 或in the 1980’s 20世纪80年代

in the nineteenth century 二十世纪

11、在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。theChangjang River 长江

the WestLake 西湖the Pacific Ocean 太平洋

12、在表示方位的词前，如：

The sun rises in the east, andsets in the west. 太阳从东边升起，从西边落下Jiangxi lies in the south ofChina. 江西位于中国的南方。

13、在乐器名称前常用定冠词，如：

He often plays the piano atfive in the afternoon. 他常在下午五点弹钢琴。Can you play the violin? 你会拉小提琴吗？

14、固定短语：

in the morning在早上

the day after tomorrow 后天

thenext day 第二天

by theway 顺便

零冠词

所谓零冠词，即指不使用冠词的情况：

用法：

1、在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词

Thedesk is made of wood.

Whatis work? Work is struggle

2、专有名词前通常不用定冠词：

England，China Mary Lilei Mr.Green

3、在星期、月份，季节，节日等名词前：

Wehave four seasons- spring, summer, autumn and winter

一年有四季：春夏秋冬

Weoften go to sea a film on Sunday. 我们经常周日去看电影。

Tomorrowis National Day. 明天是国庆节。

4、名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this，my，that，those，these，her)如：

thismorning my pen your watch whose bike 等

5、在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：

havebreakfast play chess play basketball

(注意在乐器前必须加定冠词如弹钢琴playthe piano play the violin)

6、固定短语：

by bus 乘坐公共汽车after school 放学后in bed 卧床

at first 首先atnoon在中午on foot步行

专项练习

1.The I-Padwill soon become _____ useful tool in the future communication andentertainment.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

2.The boyasked his mother whether France is _____ European country.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

3.Guide dogshelp ____blind walk free in the street.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

4.This is __useful dictionary. I always look up new words in it.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

5.We shouldgive our seats to ____ old when they get on the bus,

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

6.He had such____ unusual day with the famous writer that he would remember it forever.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

7.Tony is sohelpful that he always does me ____ favor.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

8.The sign wecan park our car here. It’s ___ information sign.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

9.All thevisitors are asked to line up quietly and go into the exhibition hall one at___time.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

10.Excuse me,can you tell me ___ way to the Summer Palace?

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

11.Mrs.Greenhas ____ one-year-old son.He has to look after him.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

12.There is____ one-hundred-dollar bill on the ground.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

13.Kitty issuch ___ honest student that she is often praised by her teachers.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

14.Our Englishteacher asked us to write ___ 80-word short passage yesterday.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

15.A trainusually runs less than 200 kilometers ____ hour.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

16.Can I have___ look at the photo of your pen friend?

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

17.A farmersaid he had seen ___ UFO.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

18.Miss Lin isnow on diet. She has only a cup of milk for ___ breakfast every day.

A.a

B. an

C. the

D. /

答案

1-5：AACAC 6-10：BABAC

11-15: AABBB `16-18：AAD