2019年中国人民大学英语语言学与英语教学考研回忆贴
2019年考研北京大学英语语言文学专业真题（回忆版）
2019年考研北京大学英语语言文学专业真题（回忆版）专业能力部分：一：英译汉 50分。
Character is nature in the highest form. It is of no use to ape it or to contend with it. Somewhat is possible of resistance, and of persistence, and of creation, to this power, which will foil all emulation. This masterpiece is best where no hands but nature\'s have been laid on it. Care is taken that the greatly-destined shall slip up into life in the shade, with no thousand-eyed Athens to watch and blazon every new thought, every blushing emotion of young genius. Two persons lately, very young children of the most high God, have given me occasion for thought. When I explored the source of their sanctity and charm for the imagination, it seemed as if each answered, \'From my nonconformity; I never listened to your people\'s law, or to what they call their gospel, and wasted my time. I was content with the simple rural poverty of my own; hence this sweetness; my work never reminds you of that;--is pure of that.\' And nature advertises me in such persons that in democratic America she will not be democratized. How cloistered and constitutionally sequestered from the market and from scandal! It was only this morning that I sent away some wild flowers of these wood-gods. They are a relief from literature,--these fresh draughts from the sources of thought and sentiment; as we read, in an age of polish and criticism, the first lines of written prose and verse of a nation. How captivating is their devotion to their favorite books, whether Aeschylus, Dante, Shakspeare, or Scott, as feeling that they have a stake in that book; who touches that, touches them;--and especially the total solitude of the critic, the Patmos of thought from which he writes, in unconsciousness of any eyes that shall ever read this writing. Could they dream on still, as angels, and not wake to comparisons, and to be flattered! Yet some natures are too good to be spoiled by praise, and wherever the vein of thought reaches down into the profound, there is no danger from vanity. Solemn friends will warn them of the danger of the head\'s being turned by the flourish of trumpets, but they can afford to smile.As I have said, Nature keeps these sovereignties in her own hands, and however pertly our sermons and disciplines would divide some share of credit, and teach that the laws fashion the citizen, she goes her own gait and puts the wisest in the wrong. She makes very light of gospels and prophets, as one who has a great many more to produce and no excess of time to spare on any one. There is a class of men, individuals of which appear at long intervals, so eminently endowed with insight and virtue that they have been unanimously saluted as divine, and who seem to be an accumulation of that power we consider. Divine persons are character born, or, to borrow a phrase from Napoleon, they are victory organized.二：汉译英 40分。
(NEW)中国人民大学外国语学院《816英语语言学与英语教学》历年考研真题及详解
目 录2007年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2006年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2005年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2004年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2003年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2002年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解2007年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解I. Fill in the blanks with the right linguistic concepts (10 points). 1.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the ______ it is associated with. 2. ______ s a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a supposed affix of a longer form already present in the language. For example，the verb edit was formed from editor by dropping the supposed derivational suffix -or. 3.Some morphemes like –ish,-ness，-ly，-dis，trans-.un- are never words by themselves but are always parts of words. These affixes are ______ morphemes. 4. ______ an be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. 5. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, which is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening，writing and reading. The lager is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors. 6. H.P.Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle. According to the maximum of ______: Do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence. In other words，speak truthfully; do not lie. 7. ______ proposes that every speaker knows a set of principals which apply to all languages and also a set of parameters that can vary from one language to another, but only within certain limits. 8. ______ refers to varieties of a language used by individual speakers，with peculiarities of pronunciation，grammar and vocabulary. In fact，no two speakers speak exactly the same dialect. Each speaker has certain characteristic features of his own in his way of speaking. 9.According to ______ period hypothesis，in child development there is a period during which language can be acquired more easily than at any other time. The period lasts until puberty (around age 12 or 13 years), and is due to biological development.10. ______ refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.答案：I. 1. meaning2.Back-formation3.bound4.Pragmaticsngue6.quality7. Generative Grammar8.Idiolect9.Critical10.CohesionII. Give short answer to the following questions (10 points)I. Explain criterion-referenced and norm-referenced language tests.答案：Tests can be categorized into two major groups: norm-referenced tests and criterion-referenced tests. These two tests differ in their intended purposes, the way in which content is selected, and the scoring process which defines how the test results must be interpreted.A test that measures student knowledge and understanding in relation to specific standards or performance objectives is called criterion-referenced testing (CRT). It measures students’ performance in relation to standards, not in relation to other students; all students may earn the highest grade if all meet the established performance criteria. CRTs report how well students are doing relative to a pre-determined performance level on a specified set of educational goals or outcomes included in the school, district, or state curriculum.A test designed to measure and compare individual students’performances or text results to those of an appropriate peer group (that is,norm group) at the classroom, local or, national level is called norm-referenced testing (NRT). Students with the best performance on a given assessment receive the highest grades. It is generally used to help teachers select students for different ability level reading or mathematics instructional groups.2. Explain the seven types of meaning and use examples to illustrate your ideas.答案：The seven types of meaning were first postulated by G. Leech. They are respectively illustrated as follows:(1) Conceptual meaning, which refers to logical, cognitive, or denotative content. This type of meaning is “denotative” in that it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes, or refers to. It overlaps to a large extent to the concept of reference, but Leech also uses the short form “sense” for the same indication. So Leech’s conceptual meaning contains two parts: sense and reference.(2) Connotative meaning, what is communicated by virtue of what language refers to. It refers to some additional, especially emotive, meaning.(3) Social meaning, referring to what is communicated of the social circumstances of language use.(4) Affective meaning, which refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/writer.(5) Reflected meaning, which refers to what is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression.(6) Collocative meaning, what is communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word.The five types of meanings from (2) to (6) are collectively known as Associative meaning in the sense that an elementary associationist theory of mental connections is enough to explain their use.(7) Thematic meaning, what is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis. It is more peripheral since it is only determined by the order of the words in a sentence and the different prominence they each receive.III. Read the following passage carefully and then state your own position concerning the use of knowing some linguistics. (10 points) One famous scholar says that language is an interesting subject to study on its own right, for the simple reason that everybody uses it every day. It is unbelievable that we know very little about something we are so familiar with. Just a few questions will arouse our interest in language. Why should we call the thing we sit on chair? Can’t we call chair table and table chair? How is it that children don’t seem to make a big effort in learning their first language while we adults have to work very hard to learn a second language? Why can we talk about yesterday and last year while cats and dogs never seem to make noises about their past experience? Do you think we can think as clearly without language as with language? Does language determine what we think or thought determines what we say? These questions make us curious about language and linguistics can satisfy our curiosity. To seek the answer to any of these questions is a good reason for studying linguistics.答案：Language is essential to human beings; it plays a central role in our lives as individual and social beings. We have to be fully aware of the nature and mechanism of our language, or we will be ignorant of what constitutes our essential humanity. Therefore, there is every necessity to study language. And Linguistics serves as a way for us to learn more about language, and to explain some phenomena which we have taken granted for but which in fact is quite interesting or puzzling. For example, with the help of linguistics, people could explain why we call the thing we sit on a “chair”but not a “cat” or “dog”, or why we can talk about yesterday and even tomorrow while animals can not. These two kinds of phenomena are all attributed to the design features of language which make it unique from and advantageous over animal languages. The linguists have found that human language is arbitrary because there is no “natural” connection between a linguistic and its meaning. What’s more, human language has also the property of displacement which enables the language users to talk about things and events not present in the immediate environment.Linguistics does not only try to explain the phenomena of language itself, but also try to study the interrelation between it and other aspects of the whole human society. Thus, we have sociolinguistics, which studies the relation of language with society, and which tries to clear out the relationship of language to the society and culture; psycholinguistics, which aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when we use language, how we as infants acquire our mother tongue, how we memorize, and how we process the information we receive in the course of communication; applied linguistics, which relates some findings in linguistic studies to the solution of such practical problems as the recovery of speech ability, foreignlanguage teachings.Of course, the present linguistic studies can not explain adequately all the phenomena concerned with language, for example, whether it is language determines culture or that culture determines language. Even with the theories which seem to work well on certain aspects of language we should not stay satisfied; for the theory is now accepted as true only because it haven’t been proved wrong.2006年中国人民大学816英语语言学与英语教学考研真题及详解I. Fill in the blanks with the right linguistic concepts (22 points).1. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utterances) as (1) and (2) . The former refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing.2. (3) grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while (4) grammars tell people what should be in the language. Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described.3. (5) studies how the speech sounds are made, transmitted, and received, and (6) studies the rules governing the structure, distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.4. Words which have different meanings but are written differently and sound alike are called (7) .5. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is (8) and performance.6. There are two fields of morphology: the study of (9) and the study of (10) .7. “The world is like a stage” is an example of (11) , and “All theworld is a stage” is an example o-f (12) . They are often used in analyzing features of literary language.8. (13) studies meaning in language, (14) s about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences, and (15) is concerned with the internal organization of words. They are all among the main branches of linguistics.9. (16) is the study of the language-processing mechanisms. It is concerned with the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition of language; (17) , on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society. They both belong to branches of macrolinguistics.10. The part of linguistics that studies the language of literature is called (18) . It focuses on the study of linguistic features related to literary style.11. Children frequently say tooths and mouses, instead of teeth and mice. These are examples of (19) .12. (20) is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word.For example, the English word smog is made from (21) and (22) .答案：(1) langue (2) parole (3) descriptive (4) prescriptive (5) phonetics(6) phonology (7) homophones (8) competence (9) inflectional (10) lexical/derivational (11) simile (12) metaphor (13) semantics(14) syntax(15) morphology (16) psycholinguistics (17) sociolinguistics (18) stylistics(19) overgeneralization (20) blending (21) smoke (22) fogII. Give brief definitions of the following terms (18 points).1. Phoneme2. CALL3. IC analysis4. Linguistic relativity5. Silent period6. Gradable antonym答案：1. Phoneme. It refers to the abstract element of sound, identified as being distinctive in a particular language. For example, in English, /p/ is described as a phoneme.2. CALL. It is the abbreviation of computer-assisted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the student’s response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.3. IC analysis. IC analysis (immediate constituent analysis) refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents---word groups(orphrases),which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. In practice, for the sake of convenience, we usually stop at the level of word.4. Linguistic relativity. This is one of two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. It states that similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world is. For example, not every language has the same set of words for the colors; in Spanish there is no word that corresponds to the English meaning of “blue”.5. Silent period. It refers to a period in the initial phase of the language acquisition process, during which children acquiring a new language in natural settings are silent and concentrate on comprehension. And they may respond, if necessary, only in a non-verbal way or by making use of a set of memorized phrases. This phenomenon is also observed when we see how children acquire their mother tongue.6. Gradable antonym. Gradable antonyms are antonyms that are gradable because there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair. For example, cold and warm constitute a pair of gradable antonyms.III. Give Short answers to the following questions (40 points):1. In what ways do people cooperate in their conversations?答案：In daily conversations people do not usually say things directly but tend to imply them, and according to Grice, they seem to observe willingly or unwillingly certain principle, which is called “cooperativeprinciple”: “Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs，by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged”. Under this principle, there are four maxims, namely, Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner.2. How is the illocutionary act different from the perlocutionary act?答案：An illocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention; it is the act performed in saying something. Thus, if someone says “Morning”, we can ask questions like “What did he mean?” and the answer could be “He offered a greeting.”A perlocutionary act, however, is the effect of the utterance. By telling somebody something the speaker may change the opinion of the hearer on something, or mislead him, or surprise him, or induce him to do something, and so on. Therefore, the perlocutionary act of the saying “Morning” could be to keep friendly relations with the hearer.3. Why did Chomsky make the distinction between deep and Surface structures?答案：In generative grammar, deep structure is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, the underlying level of structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be interpreted. On the other hand, surface structure is the final stage in the syntactic representation of a sentence, which provides the input to the phonological component of the grammar, and which thus most closely corresponds to the structure we articulate and hear.According to Chomsky, it is necessary to make the distinction, since it ishelpful to differentiate and analyze syntactic structures such as “John is easy to please” and “John is eager to please”, and also to disambiguate structures like “the shooting of the hunters”. More importantly, it reflects two of the stages of how the language is processed through the generative grammar: the deep structure, which an underlying structure, has to be transformed to the surface structure via a set of transformational rules.4.What are the major concerns of pragmatics?答案：Pragmatics is the study of the language in use. It is mainly about how speakers use language appropriately and effectively in accordance with a given context. It is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). It has more to do with participants of communication and context in which communication takes place. Hence the study of speaker meaning, that of contextual meaning, of what is unsaid but communicated.5. For the system of transitivity, Halliday identified six kinds of process, each with different types of participants. List four of the processes and comment on the effectiveness of such classification.答案：For the system of transitivity, Halliday has identified six kinds of process, and four of them are material process, relational process, behavioral process, and mental process.Such a classification has a lot to do with the systemic-functional approach of grammar interpretation. The classification of the system of transitivity helps reveal the functions of the components in relation to the whole clause; it is an interpretation of grammar in terms of ideationalfunction. These six types of process have divided up the semantic system of ideational function, by showing the various ways of language to react on the material world around us, and make sense of their experience of what goes on around them and inside them, or in other words, to perform the ideational function.IV. Answer the following questions, citing examples to support your ideas (40 points).1. What are the seven functions of human language?答案：According to Hu Zhuanglin, language has at least seven functions, and they are illustrated as follows:1) Informative function. It means that language is the instrument of thought and language serves an informational function when used to tell something. It is also called ideational function in the framework of functional grammar. The declarative sentences such as “This is a book.” are the typical illustration of this function.2) Interpersonal function. The interpersonal function means people can use language to establish and maintain their status in a society. It is the most important sociological use of language. In the framework of functional grammar, this function is concerned with interaction between the addresser and addressee in the discourse situation and the addresser's attitude toward what he speaks or writes about. For example, the ways in which people address others and refer to themselves (such as Dear Sir, Dear Professor, Johnny, yours, your obedient servant) indicate the various grades of interpersonal relations.3) Performative function. The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons, as in marriage ceremonies, the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children, the naming of a ship at a launching ceremony, and the cursing of enemies. The kind of language employed in performative verbal acts is usually quite formal and even ritualized. The performative function can extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religious occasions. For example, in Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives.4) Emotive function. The emotive function is one of the most powerful uses of language because it is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone or something. It is a means of getting rid of the nervous energy when people are under stress, for example, swear words, obscenities, involuntary verbal reactions to beautiful art or scenery; conventional words/phrases, for example. God, My, Damn it, Wow, Ugh, Ow, etc.5) Phatic communion. The phatic communion refers to the social interaction of language. People always use some small, seemingly meaningless expressions such as Good morning, God bless you, Nice day, etc., to maintain a comfortable relationship between people without any factual content.6) Recreational function. The recreational function means people use language for the sheer joy of using it, such as a baby’s babbling or a chanter’s chanting.7) Metalingual function. The metalingual function refers to the fact that people can use language to talk about itself. For example, I can use the word “book” to talk about a book, and I can also use the expression “the word book” to talk about the sign “b-o-o-k” itself.2. What are the major types of semantic Changes?答案：There are mainly three kinds of semantic changes, namely, broadening, narrowing, and meaning shift. Class shift and folk etymology also contribute to change in meaning (1) BroadeningBroadening is a process to extend or elevate the meaning from its originally specific sense to a relatively general one．For instance，the word holiday used to mean“holy day”in religious English. Today it means“a day for rest”regardless of its religious nature.(2) NarrowingContrary to broadening，the original meaning of a word can be narrowed or restricted to a specific sense．A typical example is the word meat which originally meant "food". In the course of time, the range of meaning was narrowed to mean specifically "the flesh of animals used as food".(3) Meaning shiftAll semantic changes involve meaning shift．Yet, in its narrow sense, meaning shift refers to the change of meaning, which has nothing to do with generalization or restriction. What makes the meaning of a word different isits departure from its original domain as a result of its metaphorical usage. For instance，the word bead originally means “prayer”, but later it refers to “the prayer bead”, the visible manifestation of a prayer, finally “small, ball-shaped piece of glass, metal or wood”.(4) Class shiftBy shifting the word class one can change the meaning of a word from a concrete entity or notion to a process or attribution. This process of word formation is also known as zero-derivation, or conversion. The word engineer as a noun means “a person trained in a branch of engineering”, but it means “to act as an engineer” or “to plan, to maneuver” when used as a verb.(5) Folk etymologyIt refers to a change in form of a word or phrase resulting from an incorrect popular notion of the origin or meaning of the term or from the influence of more familiar terms mistakenly taken to be analogous. As a result of this modification，the word sparrowgrass in English derived from asparagus; the Spanish cucaracha changed into English cockroach．V. Translate the following into Chinese (30 points). Suppose that John Smith, happily married to Mary Smith, addresses his wife as “Mary, Smith, how many times have I asked you not to flip through the TV channels?” There would be reason to took beyond the words for the “meaning” of this unusual form of address. Mr. Smith may address his wife as “Mary Smith” to show his exasperation, as in this example. By addressing her as “Mary Smith” instead of the usual “Mary”, he conveys frustration and annoyance. His choice of name thus “means” that he is exasperated. Contrast the tone of that Sentence With a similar one in whichJohn Smith addressed Mary Smith as “dear”. The level of meaning that conveys the language user’s feelings, including his attitude or evaluation in shaping his use of language is Called affective meaning or emotive meaning. It is largely a parasitic category in the sense that to express our emotions we depend on the mediation of other categories of meaning as conceptual, connotative or social. For example, nigger, originally a word denoting a certain race, has virtually become a term of abuse or contempt; and a similar development has occurred with part of the political vocabulary, such as fascist.【参考译文】假设约翰·史密斯开心地娶了玛丽小姐后却这样称呼他的妻子：“玛丽·史密斯，我告诉过你多少次了，换台时不要老那么快！”撇开字面意思，这不寻常的称呼的出现是有理由的。
2019年山西大学英语语言文学初试真题回忆
[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年XX大学英语语言文学初试真题回忆语言学与写作语言学局部1.填空 10*12.〔 1〕找词素。
给了五个单词有，有girls ，irregularity，其余的忘记了〔2〕分析 illocutionary act。
给了三组对话〔3〕分析词语关系忘记给出几组了，只记得第一组给出的是beautiful&pretty 〔4〕根据 place of articulation分析横线局部只记得〔 b 〕 all ，fa 〔 th 〕 er ，〔 t 〕ime ，括号括住的局部就是画横线的局部〔5〕数音节 syllable〔6〕连线一边是单词，一边是构词法，比方 blending，back-formation什么的〔7〕paraphrase4个句子，两个长的两个短的，具体记不清了〔8〕找错误 errors给了几个句子，指出哪里有错误，以及是addition, omission, double marking, misformation, misordering中的哪种错误3.分析题根据题目中的五六个问题，分析answer ，以及说明为什么语言学对我们学习外语有帮助。
〔这个记不清了，大概是这个意思。
〕写作局部1.summary一篇文章不少于 200 字〔忘记是 200 还是 150 〕2.以 Cellphone&Class为题，写一篇不少于300 字的文章。
英美文学与翻译英美文学什么的〔7〕paraphrase4个句子，两个长的两个短的，具体记不清了〔8〕找错误 errors给了几个句子，指出哪里有错误，以及是addition, omission, double marking, misformation, misordering中的哪种错误3.分析题根据题目中的五六个问题，分析answer ，以及说明为什么语言学对我们学习外语有帮助。
〔这个记不清了，大概是这个意思。
[2019初试真题回忆]
![[2019初试真题回忆]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/53902cd3e009581b6ad9eb14.png)
[2019初试真题回忆] 2019年南京师范大学英语语言文学真题回忆（830）考研结束后回寝挺尸一整天……所以相比当时刚考完现在有些真题已经不记得了记住的都是一些让我耿耿于怀的题！有很大一部分也是这次考试后大家疯狂吐槽的踩雷点[炸弹]接下来献上略显口语化夹杂着个人看法和吐槽的回忆版：623 先说最深恶痛绝的一单选都是语言符号的任意性线条性不是戴书上的有说是胡壮麟的没来得及去求证就麻溜回家了二名词解释1.复调小说2.能指和所指（记得是胡书上的但当时不确定它讲的是意义和所指还是语义三角（√）鹅我写的前者嘤嘤）3.叙述视角4.互文性（靠死命回忆高中语文老师咋说的写的）搜了搜都是啥后深知整体扑了三简答1.村上春树创作手法（努力根据仅读过的《挪威的森林》往上编读书少就是不行…）2.根据所学语言学知识给text 语篇下定义3.组合关系和聚合关系（……）4.欢迎补充四作文命题作文一叶飘零而知秋，一枝勃发而见春。
寻常细微之物常常是大千世界的缩影，无限往往收藏于有限中。
请以“一枝一叶一世界”为话题，目拟标题写一篇文章。
为05浙江高考作文830 语言学这门换了题型又换成了前些年选择题不过我认为童靴们无需畏惧题型的更变万变不离其宗只要是把戴维栋的书的弄透就不成问题比如这次单选的好几个小的知识点……【真题】一、解释定义加举例子比较简单二、单选1.给你比如硬鄂音齿龈音双唇音这几个选项让你根据定义选这是啥音2.有一个不确定是音位对立还是最小对比对3.下面哪个句子不属于speech act 我是根据chapter6 的classification of speech act里面的分类来判断的不知是否正确因为有俩选项是里面的原句子还有一个是陈述句也符合里面的种类最后一个是the door is open! 感觉属于indirect speech act4.第五题不会――――――is the articulation of speech 至今不知选项是啥意思三、简答1.sense meaning and utterance meaning 加举栗子2.What is the behaviorists\' view of the language acquisition and how it differs from the innatist\'s view四、翻译题型改为英汉互译各30分英译汉就类似普通英语阅读题说明类的感觉汉译英听说是张培基二里面的深山里有座庙庙里有几小和尚……日语意外得简单了许多弄懂何宝年上的题目就够了阅读第一篇也是上面的有做过虽然是很久之前做的已经不记得答案了作文私の友達政治选择还是要打好基础！基础！础！心痛到滴血大题肖四还是比较准最后一个题不在肖四范围感觉应该将涛涛小黄书结合用起来。
2019年中国人民大学英语语言学与英语教学真题回忆贴
希望回忆的内容能对大家有所帮助基础英语单选1*20 没有太长的难词或偏词，会涉及到搭配完型1*20 总体来说不是特别难，比平时黄皮基础英语上的要简单一些阅读10*3 阅读今年应该是换题型了，不是两篇长文章，各有十道选择题，两篇各有五道，但分值三分，难度适中。
第一篇是二语习得当面的，第二篇说的是青少年期出现的焦虑（记不太清了）翻译25*2 汉译英，我觉得很难，偏古文那种？英译汉，也不容易，说的是霍金，有一些电影词，不太会，多关注一下时事有帮助作文30 至少350词，改革开放对你的生活有什么影响二外法语单选30*1 考的具体内容记不太清了。
时态搭配这些阅读15*2 总体难度应该还好吧，虽然个人觉得不容易篇幅也不太长汉译法5*2 翻译一定要背单词，不然简单的也翻译不出来，而且个人觉得并不是孙辉简法课后题的翻译。
只记得有一个是北京的春天天气很好，因为冬天太冷，夏天太热。
法翻汉1*10 一点也不记得了。
作文20 我的大学生活。
考试之前看到了，因为之前考过没看，结果又考了。
150-180词语言学填空15*2 Metalingual,Creole,transitivity,stress,construal 个人觉得填空很难，好多说法没见过，有的说基本都是胡书上的。
问答题10*4 1. 举例解释coarticulation和assimilation区别2. 举例解释Cohesion和coherence区别3. 举例英式英语和美式英语差别并分析原因4.用例子解释认知的三种范畴（基本，上位，下位）论述40 没有太明白意思。
就不瞎说了翻译40 跨文化交际相关内容，不难，但篇幅不短语言学以为语音学和认知不是重点，基本上没看。
希望如果能看到这篇贴子的学弟学妹们，千万不要自己以为哪章是重点就看哪章。
整本书都是重点啊！！！。
2020-2021年中国人民大学语言学及应用语言学考研真题、考研参考书、复试线、招生人数
2020-2021年中国人民大学语言学及应用语言学考研真题、考研参考书、复试线、招生人数育明教育506大印老师联合名校导师及考研状元联合整理2019年9月20日星期日【温馨解析】育明教育从2006年开始办学，校长是北京外国语大学夏教授，北京总部负责人是北京大学政管院博士，主打专业课一对一辅导。
到现在已经有十年的时间，在我们育明教育，每年都有成功学员积累的一些经验可供各位考生参考。
育明教育整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考研成功的基础保障。
我们的辅导包括前期的报考指导，中期的核心参考书的讲解、专题（真题、出题老师论文专著、最新时事）讲解、模拟考（答题技巧框架、创新点的讲解）。
后期还会有教务老师时事根据上课情况，对考生进行查缺补漏，进行答题技巧的辅导。
在我们育明教育，前期咨询师、后期教务与辅导老师三方对您的上课负责，所以每年我们的通过率一直都是有保证的。
班型分专业课一对一和集训营两种。
集训营是包括政治英语的小班课+专业课全程一对一。
小班课全年分四个阶段:寒假，暑假，国庆，最后冲刺(您现在报名可以参加今年和明年两年的)，授课老师是人大的教授(也会请海文海天的教授结合讲课)。
专业课一对一是按总课时来规划，保证够用。
上课形式是面授和远程一对一相结合，上课时间和进度主要根据你的进度来安排，第一次上课后会给你做一个导学规划。
数学我们请的是北理工的教授一对一讲(这个是其他机构请不来的)，专业课请的是你所报考学校专业的研究生助教和北大博士结合授课(这个也是近几年我们独家尝试的非常合理的方式)。
此外，院校选择也很重要，选择适合自己的院校是成功的关键，但是考生信息有限，很难选择适合自己的院校，在这里，大家可以直接联系我，我免费给大家做规划和咨询。
目录一、2019-2020年考研真题、考研参考书笔记二、2020-2021年院校考研复习技巧三、2020-2021年考研专业课答题技巧内容一、2019-2020年考研真题、考研参考书笔记专业课复习1.参考书：(1)现代汉语：黄廖版《现代汉语》，北大版《现代汉语》；(2)古代汉语：人大殷国光版《古代汉语》，王力《古代汉语》前两册；(3)语言学概论：叶徐版《语言学纲要》，胡明扬《语言学概论》；2.专业课的复习主要包括三个部分：现代汉语、古代汉语、语言学概论。
人大考研辅导班-英语语言文学考研经验_启道
人大考研辅导班-英语语言文学考研经验_启道启道考研分享中国人民大学，简称“人大”，由教育部直属，教育部与北京市共建，中央直管副部级建制，位列“双一流”、“211工程”、“985工程”，入选“111计划”、“2011计划”、“卓越法律人才教育培养计划”、“卓越农林人才教育培养计划”、“海外高层次人才引进计划”、“中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校”，为世界大学联盟、亚太国际教育协会、京港大学联盟成员，是一所以人文社会科学为主的综合性研究型全国重点大学。
中国人民大学早已形成以本科教育为基础、研究生教育为重点、继续教育为辅助的全方位、多层次的办学格局，形成了“主干的文科、精干的理工科”的学科发展体系。
学校是我国首批设立研究生院的高校之一，现有27个教学单位、25个跨学院研究机构，另设有体育部、继续教育学院、苏州校区、深圳研究院等。
学校设有学士学位专业81个，硕士学位学科点189个，博士学位学科点129个。
学校拥有硕士学位一级学科授权点37个，博士学位一级学科授权点21个，博士后流动站19个。
人大英语语言文学专业隶属于外国语学院，专业代码为：050201，研究方向4个；考研经验——考研疑问汇总考研就好比在一个黑乎乎的房子里洗衣服，我们因为看不见，不知道有没有干净，就只能一直低头洗，直到考试的时候才有光亮来告诉你答案。
这段话可以说是准确表达了考研时的心情和我们或多或少身处迷雾的状态里。
启道小编为了帮助考研学子学会从困惑中走出来，整理如下考研疑问汇总，以供参考：一、怎样保持良好心理状态？1、自己简单说，在考研路上一定要调整好自己的心态，信念足够坚韧，付出必要努力，你便能获得你想要的一切。
从今天开始，请拒绝谈论一个词：心理崩溃之类的。
我们允许犯小错误，但这种自找的麻烦还不如去找好玩的事情放松一下吧~当然，相信各位都能做三观正直，善良可爱的人，那么你也许能发现这一法则可以用在人生各个方面。
如果能感受到一点其中的涵义，那么你的部分疑问应该都不再是疑问了吧2、与他人的相处父母、亲人作为二战的考生，我选择在家复习了一年，父母给我的压力，或者说我所认为的父母给我的压力相当大，但是我终究要与父母和解。
2019年中国人民大学英语语言文学考研经验
2013年中国人民大学英语语言文学考研经验关于复习中国人民大学外国语学院英语语言文学专业招收以下四个方向的研究生，分别是：01-英美文学，02-英语语言学与英语教学，03-翻译理论与实践，04-英语国家文化。
我选择的是语言学，感觉语言学有趣，有时候看刘润清教授的那本《新编语言学教程》竟然能笑出来，仅此而已，于是毅然选择语言学。
考研科目：政治，日语，基础英语，语言学。
考试时间共两天，2013年是在1月5号和6号这两天，天寒地冻，幸亏阳光还算好。
上午8：30~11:30，下午2:00~5:00。
定好学校接下来就是定方向了，因为那个时候大三寒假的时候对方向也很迷茫，就上网搜集材料或者打听前辈老师，把RUC的四个方向仔细思忖了一遍，所以对各个方向有一些了解。
专业课（英美文学，英语语言学与英语教学，翻译理论与实践，英美文化）人大所招收的四个不同方向的基础英语科目对于四个方向都是一致的，但是专业科目二所考察的内容根据各自方向而不同。
第一，英美文学所考察的是以英美文学为主的内容，具体题目包括名词解释，作品的年代/作者辩识，经典段落或篇章往往是考察的重点。
作品分析往往需要回答相关的问答题目，不象选择题那样直中要害，需要加以论述并进行作答，因为人大的特色是考专业课各方向考各方向的，所以这就意味着考生要对自己的方向的专业知识的掌握要达到一种深刻的境界。
建议选文学方向的同学疯狂掌握以下几本书的内容：1） A Survey of American Literature (2nd edition) 南开大学常耀信2）英国文学史及选读第一、第二册外语教学与研究吴伟仁3）英国文学选读高等教育王守仁4）漫话英美文学南开大学常耀信5）英国文学简史河南人民刘炳善6）美国文学作品选读南开大学常耀信7）美国文学史及选读外研社吴伟仁提示：以上参考书中有些书目内容基本一致，但是多浏览有利于加深印象。
大家可以针对自己的情况选择其中一至两种作为精读，其他作为泛读内容即可。
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2019年中国人民大学英语语言学与英语教学考研回忆贴
基础英语:
单选20个（个人感觉较难）
完型
阅读10个，很简单
第一篇: 关于自杀的话题，父母应该怎么跟孩子沟通？第二篇: 关于小孩从小就生活在两种语言环境中与只在母语环境下生长的孩子对于学习多种语言时大脑的结构，越早学语言越好。
汉译英
六经以铜为鉴，可以正衣冠；以史为鉴，可以... 文艺复兴新文化运动三权分立美国总统选举古希腊哲学...
英译汉: 霍金简介
作文: 350字 40年来改革开放给我们的生活带来了什么变化
个人感觉时间很紧张，一定要多留出些写作文的时间。
语言学
重基础
填空15*2（metalingual function, stress, coordinate endocentric construction, performatives, superordinate, construal, categorization, creoles, corpus ...）
简答题4*10前三个举例解释
2. coarticulation&assimitation
4. the differences between America English and Briton English and explain the reason
三、就Bloomfield和Chomsky about linguistic的观点进行讨论40分
四、翻译30分一篇discourse about intercultural communication \"culture\"
日语
一、平假名变片假名すうがく
もみじ
しょうがつ
けんしゅう
しぶや
つゆ
…
二、片假名变平假名桜
結びます
親しい
丁寧
寂しい
美しい
…
三、
在句子中填入像でまでにをより…
四、
在句子中填入所给词的正确形式（变形），语法这方面一定要好好掌握。
五、
选词填空，考的好像是四个平假名组成的副词（个人感觉比较难）六、
翻译好像是5个句子记得的有
谁给了谁什么
看完电影后我们去...。