河南嵩县东湾金矿田地质特征及找矿远景(庞绪成,辛志刚,侯广顺等,《地质与勘探》2011.5)

第47卷　第5期2011年9月 地质与勘探GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION Vol.47　No.5September ,2011[投稿日期]2010-12-29;[修改日期]2011-03-25;[责任编辑]郝情情㊂[基金项目]国家自然科学基金(编号41003015)㊁河南理工大学博士基金(编号648510)㊁洛阳矿业集团科研基金(编号120284)资助㊂[第一作者]庞绪成(1963年 ),男,博士,教授级高工,主要从事矿床学研究㊂E-mail:jpxc@㊂河南嵩县东湾金矿田地质特征及找矿远景庞绪成1,　辛志刚2,3,　侯广顺1,　杨剧文2,　梅秀杰4,　宗　静1,　马凌燕3(1.河南理工大学资源环境学院,河南焦作　454003;2.洛阳矿业集团有限公司,河南洛阳　471000;3.洛阳市矿业发展中心,河南洛阳　471000;4.河南省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质队,河南焦作　454002)[摘　要]东湾金矿田受区域性近南北向和近东西向构造联合控制,岩浆活动强烈,成矿地质条件好,已发现多处金矿床及金矿点㊂主要金矿体呈脉状或透镜状赋存于东湾断裂蚀变带及其两侧的近东西向断裂带内,构造带宽2~20m 不等,最大宽度超过30m ㊂矿体倾角50°~65°,空间上呈舒缓波状延伸,膨大收缩㊁分枝复合现象普遍㊂与金矿化关系密切的矿化蚀变主要为硅化㊁黄铁矿(褐铁矿)化㊁方铅矿化㊁黄铁绢英岩化㊁绢云母化和碳酸盐化㊂区域成矿学及物化探研究表明,东湾断裂南段的近5km 空白区具有较好的找矿潜力,验证钻孔证实该段构造带内有工业矿段存在㊂[关键词]金矿床　地质特征　找矿远景　东湾　嵩县　河南[中图分类号]P618.51　[文献标识码]A　[文章编号]0495-5331(2011)05-765-07Pang Xu-cheng ,Xin Zhi-gang ,Hou Guang-shun ,Yang Ju-wen ,Mei Xiu-jie ,Zong Jing ,Ma Ling -yan.Geological characteristics of the Dongwan gold ore field in Songxian County ,Henan Province and its ore-search prospect [J ].Geology and Exploration ,2011,47(5):765-771 0　引言河南嵩县是我国重要的金㊁钼矿产地,黄金产量居河南省第二位㊂本区先后有地矿及有色系统的多支地质队㊁高校及研究院所的许多学者在此工作,积累了大量的成果资料㊂已有研究对区域成矿背景㊁秦岭造山带㊁岩浆岩㊁构造与成矿的关系等方面比较深入(刘红樱等,2000;张国伟等,2004;闫全人等,2009;陈衍景等,2009;杨明慧等,2009;时毓等,2009;卢欣祥等,2004,2007;裴玉华等,2007;庞振山等2004;燕建设等,2000)㊂找矿方面,以河南省地矿局第一地质调查队为首的地质队伍,20世纪80年代以来在该区及外围发现了一批大中型钼㊁金㊁铅锌和萤石矿床,如鱼池岭斑岩型钼矿㊁祁雨沟和店房隐爆角砾岩型金矿㊁前河蚀变岩型金矿等都有一定的影响和知名度㊂不同研究者对有关矿床的成因㊁地质特征㊁成矿规律㊁地球化学行为等有侧重地进行了探讨(王义天等,2001;巴安民等,2006;梅秀杰等,2008;要梅娟等,2008;邓小华等,2008;李诺等,2009;白凤军等,2009;温森坡,2009;辛志刚,2010),促进了本区成矿理论的研究及矿产勘查工作进步㊂金矿成矿研究方面,前人多偏重于爆破角砾岩及东西向构造对成矿的控制作用,对南北向的控矿构造研究较少㊂南北向控矿构造中发现的首个矿床是河南省地矿局第一地质调查队于20世纪80年代末期发现的庙岭金矿,20世纪90年代以后河南地矿局第二地质队及河南有色地勘局第五地质队又先后在东湾断裂带内发现了九仗沟㊁槐树坪㊁下蒿坪等一系列小型金矿床㊂但由于勘查投入不足,工作一直停留在浅部找矿,地质研究停留在单个矿床上㊂2007年,河南省第二地质队利用 两权价款”资金钻探证实东湾断裂深部有较厚的工业矿体㊂2008年,河南省地矿局将东湾及其外围的槐树坪等8个矿权列入 整装勘查”项目,推动了区域找矿与勘探的步伐㊂近年来的研究证明,南北向构造是本区最有前景的控矿构造,东湾及其附近地区的矿床具有沿东湾断裂呈南北向带状分布特征㊂基于此,本文提出将东湾金矿作为一个矿田进行研究,希望能为本区下步勘查研究提供一个新思路㊂5671　成矿地质背景本区位于华北地台南缘㊁马超营深大断裂中段的外方山多金属成矿带上,构造㊁岩浆活动强烈,成矿条件优越㊂马超营断裂及其次级构造㊁火山机构对金矿控制作用明显㊂近东西向的马超营断裂是区域一级构造,西起卢氏三门,东至汝阳付店,长度大于200km,整体向南倾,倾角55°~70°,局部倒转,宽数百米,下切深度大于10km,是一规模宏大的台缘基底断裂及长期发展演化的变形变质体㊂断裂带主要由糜棱岩㊁千糜岩和构造角砾岩㊁碎裂岩㊁碎粉岩㊁断层泥及构造透镜体组成㊂断裂的多期次活动伴随了多期多阶段的热液蚀变,金及多金属矿化较为普遍;区内发现或探明的大中型金矿床集中分布于该断裂北侧不同方向的次级断裂中㊂区内广泛出露太古界太华群变质岩系和中元古界熊耳群中基性-酸性火山岩系㊂熊耳群(Ch xn )是一套偏碱性的中基-中酸性熔岩夹火山碎屑岩及火山碎屑沉积岩,是金矿的主要赋矿层位(图1)㊂矿床类型既有隐爆角砾岩型㊁破碎带蚀变岩型和石英脉型金矿床,也有斑岩型和石英脉型钼矿床㊁热液型铅锌矿和萤石矿脉㊂本区岩浆活动频繁㊂熊耳晚期的超浅成次火山岩相以小岩株㊁岩墙㊁岩脉为特征,岩性为石英斑岩及闪长岩;华力西期侵入的碱性正长岩呈岩体㊁岩脉产出,多为中-浅成相;燕山期侵入岩主要为中深成相和浅成相的酸性花岗岩类,呈岩基㊁岩脉产出㊂合峪岩体是区内规模最大的燕山晚期复式侵入岩体,岩性为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩,由3次侵入形成㊂合峪岩体与有色金属矿产成矿关系较密切㊂图1　东湾金矿田区域地质图Fig.1　Regional geological map of the Dongwan gold ore filed1-区域性大断层;2-逆断层;3-正断层;4-背斜;5-不整合界线;6-金矿床;7-金矿点;Q-第四系;N-新近系;E-古近系;Pt 2x -中元古界熊耳群;Pt 2xm -马家沟组;Pt 2xj -鸡蛋坪组;Pt 2xx-许山组;Ar th -太古界太华群;γ53-燕山晚期花岗岩;ξ42-华力西期正长岩1-regional fault;2-reverse fault;3-normal fault;4-anticline;5-unconformity boundary;6-gold deposit;7-gold mineralized occur⁃rence;Q-Quaternary System;N-Neogene System;E-Paleogene System;Pt 2x -Xionger Group of Mesoproterozoic Erathem;Pt 2xm -Ma⁃jiagou Formation;Pt 2xj -Jidanping Formation;Pt 2xx -Xushan Formation;Ar th -Taihua Group of Archean;γ53-late Yanshanian Granite;ξ42-Variscan Syenite667 地质与勘探 2011年2　断裂控矿特征区内断裂按走向可分为近东西向㊁近南北向㊁北东向㊁北西向四组,其中近东西向和北东向断裂最发育㊂矿体受近东西向构造与近南北向构造联合控制,尤以近南北向的东湾断裂成矿前景最好㊂前河金矿和九仗沟金矿是近东西向断裂及近南北向断裂控矿的两个典型矿床㊂2.1　前河金矿床前河金矿床受马超营断裂的次级平行断裂控制,呈东西走向展布,倾角一般为50°~65°,断裂带宽3~20m,沿走向和倾向呈舒缓波状延伸,膨大收缩和分支复合现象明显㊂构造岩包括塑性流变作用形成的糜棱岩及流劈理和脆性变形作用形成的构造角砾岩㊁碎裂岩㊁挤压透镜体(要梅娟等,2008;辛志刚,2010)㊂与金成矿有关的各种蚀变普遍较强,集中分布于断裂的顶㊁底部位,蚀变矿化种类主要有硅化㊁钾化㊁绢云母化㊁黄铁矿化(褐铁矿化)㊁方铅矿化㊁闪锌矿化㊁碳酸盐化和绿泥石化(图2)㊂图2　前河金矿地质图Fig.2　Geological map of the Qianghe gold deposit1-构造破碎带;2-断层及编号;3-矿体及编号;Q-第四系;E-古近系;Pt 2x -中元古界熊耳群;Pt 2xj -鸡蛋坪组;Pt 2xj 3-鸡蛋坪组上段;Pt 2xj 2-鸡蛋坪组中段;γ53-燕山晚期花岗岩1-tectonic fractured zone;2-fault and number;3-orebody and num⁃ber;Q-Quaternary System;E-Paleogene System;Pt 2x -Xionger Group of Mesoproterozoic Erathem;Pt 2xj -Jidanping Formation;Pt 2xj 3-UpperMember of Jidanping Formation;Pt 2xj 2-the Medial Member of Jidan⁃ping Formation;γ53-Lower Member of Yanshanian granite矿床类型属破碎带蚀变岩型金矿,破碎带宽一般1~8m,最大厚度超过20m,矿体产状陡倾,并严格受破碎带控制㊂金品位局部较高,一般1×10-6~3×10-6,地表氧化矿可堆浸产金(图3)㊂2.2　九仗沟金矿近南北向断裂中以NNE 向的东湾断裂与金矿关系密切,目前发现的主要矿床包括九仗沟金矿㊁东湾金矿㊁庙岭金矿等㊂由三条构造破碎带组成的断图3　前河IV 号金矿体地表露头Fig.3　Photo showing outcrop of theQianghe gold vein No.IV层组组成,宽度500~600m,破碎带间距100~150m,断面倾向NW,倾角50°~65°,呈舒缓波状延伸㊂以东湾为界,以南为近南北向,以北为NNE 向(走向20°~30°)㊂单条构造破碎带宽80~100m,带内构造角砾岩㊁碎裂岩和蚀变岩发育,其原岩成分为流纹岩及英安岩,角砾大小不等,多在2~10mm 以上㊂部分角砾硅化强烈㊂破碎带内左行平推挤压特征明显,并可见多组构造滑动面,局部见断层泥和劈理化带等,显示了多期活动的特点㊂构造带内硅化㊁钾化㊁褐铁矿化㊁绢云母化强烈,方铅矿化㊁黄铁矿化发育,并伴有金矿化㊂构造破碎带形成于金矿化之前,为成矿前断裂构造,是金成矿溶液运移富集的通道及有利部位㊂金矿体严格受东湾断裂控制,主矿体位于构造带中心的内蚀变带内,分支复合㊁膨大收缩现象普遍(图4),且矿体向北西方向侧伏明显(图5)㊂此外,店房破火山口周围发育大量的环状㊁放射状断裂,期间常充填与次火山热液有关的金㊁铅㊁萤石矿脉(庞振山,等2004;辛志刚,2010)㊂3　矿田深部远景预测3.1　区域找矿取得突破近年来,区域控矿构造带的深部找矿取得了重大突破㊂本区的主要控矿断裂具有区域控矿构造性质,笔者认为,其成矿前景可类比胶东焦家金矿田(庞绪成等,2005;颜正信等,2007;宋明春等,2008)㊂767第5期 庞绪成等:河南嵩县东湾金矿田地质特征及找矿远景 图4　九仗沟金矿299m 地质平面(左)及4线地质剖面图(右)Fig.4　Geological map of the Jiuzhanggou gold deposit at 299m elevation (left )andgeological section of prospecting line No.4(right )1-英安岩;2-构造角砾岩;3-内蚀变带;4-外蚀变带;5-断层;6-金矿体;7-钻孔;8-探矿坑道1-dacite;2-dynamic breccia;3-inside alteration zone;4-outside alteration zone;5-fault;6-ore body;7-drilling;8-prospectingtunne图5　九仗沟金矿体的侧伏方向Fig.5　Pitch direction of the Jiuzhanggou gold orebody1-坑道;2-钻孔;3-矿体侧伏方向;4-勘探线及编号;5-金矿体1-gallery;2-drilling hole;3-pitch direction;4-prospectingline and number;5-gold orebody 九仗沟-东湾断裂既是主要赋矿构造,也是嵩县最集中的金矿集中分布区,自北向南发现有东湾金矿㊁九仗沟金矿和店房金矿;在其平行断裂中,发现有庙岭金矿;周边已有祁雨沟㊁红庄㊁霍香洼㊁牛头沟㊁潭头等多个大中型金矿床和鱼池岭等大型钼矿床㊂近年来,在东湾断裂及其北部相继发现了九仗沟-东湾金矿和槐树坪金矿,矿床规模有望达到大型以上,显示有巨大的找矿潜力㊂该构造带总体呈南北向展布,产状上陡下缓,在走向及倾向上均呈舒缓波状延伸㊂在东湾金矿的北端发现的盘龙山金矿点,矿化体局部厚度大于20m,呈似层状产出,可能为该区提供一个新的矿床类型㊂前河㊁庙岭金矿的外围近年来也取得了一些进展,但店房―九仗沟之间长达5km 的主构造空白带,因大部分被第四系及河流覆盖一直没有取得大的进展(图1),这段主构造找矿突破值得期待㊂3.2　东湾断裂南端物化探异常套合好地球化学找矿在贵金属领域取得了较好的成效,许多热液矿床的周围都发现有较大规模的异常867 地质与勘探 2011年(Govett J G S.,1983;Albino G V.,1994;Beus A A and Grigorian SV.,l977;成杭新等,2007)㊂九仗沟-东湾断裂的南延构造称为F40断裂,化探成果表明,其Au㊁Ag㊁Cu㊁Pb㊁Zn㊁W㊁Sn㊁As㊁Sb㊁Hg㊁Mo㊁Bi 等元素原生晕异常叠合较好,浓集中心位于F40断裂带上,反映了构造对矿液扩散过程的控制作用(图6)㊂该带上首先发现的九仗沟金矿,地表破碎带矿化弱,是通过化探手段发现的㊂其北邻的东湾金矿280m 标高以上基本没有工业价值,随着九仗沟金矿找矿的突破及东湾整装勘查项目的启动,目前勘查深度已大于700m,且矿床仍未封底㊂F40断裂带用频率域激电和高精度磁法综合物探扫面及剖面测量中,圈出激电异常3个,且与化探异常套合较好㊂精磁异常与断裂延伸方向一致,最高值达14000nT㊂河南理工大学承担的下蒿坪金矿成矿预测项目完成的激电测深资料也与精磁及化探异常相一致;根据综合预测结果布设的验证钻孔,在330m 处见到一层厚1.5m 的工业矿体,证实东湾断裂南端深部有盲矿体存在㊂图6　东湾断裂南段微量元素原生晕异常Fig.6　Primary halo of trace elements from the southern section of the Dongwan fault4　结论(1)东湾金矿田以东湾断裂为中心,南北长约20km㊁东西宽约10km㊂矿田受区域性近南北向和近东西向构造联合控制㊂找矿中应当高度重视南北向断裂带对矿田及矿床的控制作用㊂(2)工业矿体严格受区域构造蚀变带控制,矿化蚀变分带及矿体侧伏规律明显㊂物化探异常和矿化蚀变分带是良好的找矿标志㊂(3)区域成矿学研究㊁物化探成果㊁已有找矿成果及深部预测验证结果表明,东湾断裂带深部有很好的找矿远景㊂在勘查开发中,应以矿田为单位,结合成矿系统和成矿系列理论,统筹合理勘查㊂东湾金矿田将成为本区最有影响力及勘查前景的金矿集967第5期 庞绪成等:河南嵩县东湾金矿田地质特征及找矿远景 中区之一㊂[References]Albino G V.1994.Geology and lithogeochemistry of Ren gold prospect, Elko country,Nevada:the role of rock sampling in exploration for deep Carlin-type deposits[J].J.Geochem.Explor.,51:37-58 Ba An-min,Ma Hong-yi,Zhang Song-sheng,Tian Xiu-qi.2006.Ore characteristics and ore-searching direction of Qianhe Gold Mine in Songxian County,Henan Province[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,21(2):100-103(in Chinese with English abstract)Bai Feng-jun,Xiao Rong-ge,Liu Guo-ying.2009.Genesis of K-feldspar -quartz vein type molybdenum deposit in Songxian County,Henan [J].Geology and Exploration,2009,45(4):355-342(in Chinese with English abstract)Beus A A andGrigorian 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Spatially,the ore-bodies strike NWW-SEE and dip NE at angles30o~50o,with dilatation,contraction,offset and recombination of branches.Wall rock alteration related with gold mineralization contains silicification,pyritization,beresitization,sericitization,and carbonatization.Regional metallogeny and comprehensive geophysical and geochemical exploration studies indicate that the5km virgin zone at the southern segment of the Dongwan fault is a good metallogenic belt and has a good ore-search prospect.And the existence of industrial ores in this segment has been confirmed by testing drill holes.Key words:gold deposit,geological characteristics,ore-search prospect,Dongwan,Songxian County,Henan Province177第5期 庞绪成等:河南嵩县东湾金矿田地质特征及找矿远景 。